Offspring whose father filled at least one prescription of the following medications in the three months preceding conception were considered exposed : chloroquine , hydroxychloroquine , losartan , azithromycin , naproxen , dexamethasone and prednisone .
Risk of pre-term births and major birth defects resulting from paternal intake of COVID-19 medications prior to conception. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of people will receive one of the several medications proposed to treat COVID-19, including patients of reproductive age. Given that some medications have shown adverse effects on sperm quality, there might be a transgenerational concern. We aim at examining the association between drugs proposed to treat COVID-19 when taken by the father around conception and any pre-term birth or major birth defects in offspring in a nation-wide cohort study using Danish registry data. Offspring whose father filled at least one prescription of the following medications in the three months preceding conception were considered exposed : chloroquine , hydroxychloroquine , losartan , azithromycin , naproxen , dexamethasone and prednisone . ### results For azithromycin and naproxen, large numbers of offspring were exposed (> 1800 offspring), and we found no association with adverse birth outcomes. For chloroquine, losartan and dexamethasone, exposure was intermediate (~ 900 offspring), and there was no statistically significant association with birth defects. For hydroxychloroquine and prednisone, exposure was limited (< 300 offspring). There is strong evidence that azithromycin and naproxen are safe with respect to pre-term birth and birth defects. With some caution, the other drugs investigated can be considered safe.
### Instruction:
            Given the context about compound efficacy for the given treatment mentioned within the input, mentioned the compounds 
            that can co-occur for the mentioned treatment

            ### Input:
            Risk of pre-term births and major birth defects resulting from paternal intake of COVID-19 medications prior to conception. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of people will receive one of the several medications proposed to treat COVID-19, including patients of reproductive age. Given that some medications have shown adverse effects on sperm quality, there might be a transgenerational concern. We aim at examining the association between drugs proposed to treat COVID-19 when taken by the father around conception and any pre-term birth or major birth defects in offspring in a nation-wide cohort study using Danish registry data. Offspring whose father filled at least one prescription of the following medications in the three months preceding conception were considered exposed : chloroquine , hydroxychloroquine , losartan , azithromycin , naproxen , dexamethasone and prednisone . ### results For azithromycin and naproxen, large numbers of offspring were exposed (> 1800 offspring), and we found no association with adverse birth outcomes. For chloroquine, losartan and dexamethasone, exposure was intermediate (~ 900 offspring), and there was no statistically significant association with birth defects. For hydroxychloroquine and prednisone, exposure was limited (< 300 offspring). There is strong evidence that azithromycin and naproxen are safe with respect to pre-term birth and birth defects. With some caution, the other drugs investigated can be considered safe.

            ### Response:
            chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, losartan, azithromycin, naproxen, dexamethasone, prednisone
            