Using the Killing-curve method , we tested the in vitro bactericidal activity of fosfomycin alone or in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin at a concentration of 8 microg/mL , that is easily achievable in serum at standard dosing regimens , against seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains , isolated from patients with well documented device-associated infections unresponsive to or relapsing after glycopeptide therapy .
In vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from device-associated infections unresponsive to glycopeptide therapy. fosfomycin is a molecule that inhibits the early stage of peptidoglycan synthesis and shows a broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Using the Killing-curve method , we tested the in vitro bactericidal activity of fosfomycin alone or in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin at a concentration of 8 microg/mL , that is easily achievable in serum at standard dosing regimens , against seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains , isolated from patients with well documented device-associated infections unresponsive to or relapsing after glycopeptide therapy . MICs of vancomycin ranged from 1 to 4 microg/mL, MICs of teicoplanin from 2 to 8 microg/mL; MICs of fosfomycin were 8 microg/mL for two strains and >128 microg/mL for the remaining strains. The seven strains proved tolerant when tested for vancomycin and teicoplanin used alone at 2x MIC concentration. fosfomycin was bactericidal (reduction of 2 log of the inoculum) only against the two susceptible strains. In all cases both vancomycin and teicoplanin in combination with fosfomycin developed bactericidal synergism already at a concentration of 1x MIC. If these results are confirmed by in vivo experiments, the combination of fosfomycin with glycopeptides might be useful for treating device-associated infections, and in preventing the phenomenon of increasing MICs for glycopeptides.
### Instruction:
            Given the context about compound efficacy for the given treatment mentioned within the input, mentioned the compounds 
            that can co-occur for the mentioned treatment

            ### Input:
            In vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from device-associated infections unresponsive to glycopeptide therapy. fosfomycin is a molecule that inhibits the early stage of peptidoglycan synthesis and shows a broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Using the Killing-curve method , we tested the in vitro bactericidal activity of fosfomycin alone or in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin at a concentration of 8 microg/mL , that is easily achievable in serum at standard dosing regimens , against seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains , isolated from patients with well documented device-associated infections unresponsive to or relapsing after glycopeptide therapy . MICs of vancomycin ranged from 1 to 4 microg/mL, MICs of teicoplanin from 2 to 8 microg/mL; MICs of fosfomycin were 8 microg/mL for two strains and >128 microg/mL for the remaining strains. The seven strains proved tolerant when tested for vancomycin and teicoplanin used alone at 2x MIC concentration. fosfomycin was bactericidal (reduction of 2 log of the inoculum) only against the two susceptible strains. In all cases both vancomycin and teicoplanin in combination with fosfomycin developed bactericidal synergism already at a concentration of 1x MIC. If these results are confirmed by in vivo experiments, the combination of fosfomycin with glycopeptides might be useful for treating device-associated infections, and in preventing the phenomenon of increasing MICs for glycopeptides.

            ### Response:
            fosfomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin
            