text: The steaming surface of Kawah Ijen crater lake from the southern rim in July 2000. The outlet of the lake is blocked by a small dam to the left. The maximum depth of the lake in 1996 was 180 m and the volume of the lake had gradually decreased from 0.044 km3 in 1922 to 0.036 km3 in 1996. The location of the most active vents below the lake surface have shifted to the W, towards the dam. Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).