Der er rapporteret en øget risiko for cervikal cancer hos langtidsbrugere af COC' er i visse epidemiologiske forsøg, men der er stadig delte meninger om, i hvor høj grad dette resultat kan tilskrives de samlede virkninger af seksuel adfærd og andre faktorer, så som humant papilloma- virus (HPV).
An increased risk of cervical cancer in long-term users of COCs has been reported in some epidemiological studies, but there continues to be controversy about the extent to which this finding is attributable to the compounding effects of sexual behaviour and other factors such as human papilloma virus (HPV).