Euler's identity
Euler' s identity, sometimes called Euler' s equation, is this equation:
It features the following mathematical constants: , pi, Euler' s Number, imaginary unit
It also features three of the basic mathematical operations: addition, multiplication and exponentiation.
Euler' s identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler. It is not clear that he invented it himself.
Respondents to a Physics World poll called the identity" the most profound mathematical statement ever written" ," uncanny and sublime" ," filled with cosmic beauty" and" mind-blowing" .
Mathematical proof of Euler' s Identity using Taylor Series
Many equations can be written as a series of terms added together. This is called a Taylor series.
The exponential function can be written as the Taylor series
As well, the sine function can be written as
and cosine as
Here, we see a pattern take form. seems to be a sum of sine and cosine' s Taylor series, except with all of the signs changed to positive. The identity we are actually proving is.
So, on the left side is, whose Taylor series is
We can see a pattern here, that every second term is i times sine' s terms, and that the other terms are cosine' s terms.
On the right side is, whose Taylor series is the Taylor series of cosine, plus i times the Taylor series of sine, which can be shown as:
if we add these together, we have
Therefore,
Now, if we replace x with, we have:
Since we know that and, we have:
which is the statement of Euler' s identity.
Related pages
-1 (number) Euler' s formula
References
Complex analysis
pl: Wzor Eulera#Tozsamosc Eulera