Effects of 15d-PGJ2 on IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein expression in the peri-defect tissues. A 5 mm × 1.5 mm transcortical defect was prepared through the cortical bone into the bone marrow in the midshaft area in rats. Protein expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in groups treated with saline (S), empty nanocapsules (K), free 15d-PGJ2 (F), and 15d-PGJ2-NC (N) were analyzed by Western blotting on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. 15d-PGJ2-NC: 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 nanocapsules; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.