A blue light emitting diode (LED), left, an LED on sapphire, top center, an LED on silicon, bottom center, and an LED on sapphire with current being injected into it, generating light, far right, are seen in the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering lab of Shadi Shahedipour-Sandvik, associate professor of Nanoengineering at the CNSE's Wide Bandgap Optronix Lab on Thursday, March 8, 2012 in Albany, NY.   LED on silicon is a way to reduce manufacturing costs which in turn would bring the price of LEDs down for consumers.  (Paul Buckowski / Times Union) Photo: Paul Buckowski / 00016733A