EGFR/ERK signaling pathway is involved in the CsA-induced proliferation of human trophoblast cells. A : Primary human trophoblast cells and JEG-3 cells were treated with 1 μM CsA and neutralizing antibody against CXCR4 (20 µg/ml) or CXCL12 (40 µg/ml), or <t>U0126</t> (20 μM), or LY294002 (20 μM), or AG1478 (200 nM) for 48 h, and then subjected to BrdU cell proliferation assay. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P