Effect of silencing Schistosoma mansoni CYP450 in cultured larval worms. Freshly prepared schistosomula (300–400) were placed in each well containing 1 ml Basch's Media in a 24-well plate and overnight in a 37°C with 5% CO2. The following day schistosomula were treated with 10 or 30 μg/ml S . mansoni CYP450 dsRNA or 30 μg/ml negative control dsRNA. Over several days worms were observed for dead (dark, granular appearance) or alive (translucent). (A) mRNA expression patterns in schistosomula treated with S . mansoni CYP450 specific dsRNA or negative control dsRNA control after 3 days of treatment (Experiments 1 and 2) or 2 days treatment (Experiment 3). The control gene for cDNA input is S . mansoni glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). C, schistosomula treated with 30 μg/mL irrelevant dsRNA; 10, schistosomula treated with 10 μg/mL Sm CYP450 dsRNA; 30, schistosomula treated with 30 μg/mL Sm CYP450 dsRNA. (B) Effect of S . mansoni CYP450 dsRNA on schistosomula survival in cultures with 30 μg/mL negative control dsRNA (black square), 10 μg/mL S . mansoni CYP450-specific ds RNA (open triangle), and 30 μg/mL S . mansoni CYP450-specific ds RNA (black triangle). Treatments were done in triplicate and repeated 3 times. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean; *, p