(A) Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles on nanoporous silica cell replicas and other silica particles forms protocells; (B) The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed the VDAC1 protein (arrow) from different samples. VDAC1 successfully incorporated into the DOPC or Soy Lecithin-coated protocells (Lane 9 and 10) while the supernatant of the centrifuged protocells contained no VDAC1 (Lane 7 and 8). Most VDAC1 proteins precipitated when detergent Lauryldimethylamine-oxide (LDAO) was removed from the lipid-detergent-protein mixture (Lane 3 and 4). Original SUVs before protein incorporation had no VDAC1 (Lane 5 and 6).