\begin{alignat}{2}     \left(\cos x+i\sin x\right)^{k+1} & = \left(\cos x+i\sin x\right)^{k} \left(\cos x+i\sin x\right)\\                                       & = \left[\cos\left(kx\right) + i\sin\left(kx\right)\right] \left(\cos x+i\sin x\right) &&\qquad \text{by the induction hypothesis}\\                                       & = \cos \left(kx\right) \cos x - \sin \left(kx\right) \sin x + i \left[\cos \left(kx\right) \sin x + \sin \left(kx\right) \cos x\right]\\                                       & = \cos \left[ \left(k+1\right) x \right] + i\sin \left[ \left(k+1\right) x \right] &&\qquad \text{by the trigonometric identities} \end{alignat}