Homo sapiens Neanderthals- Homo sapiens neandethalensis are closely related to modern humans Neanderthals- Homo sapiens neandethalensis are closely related to modern humans Lived 30,000 to 200,000 years ago Lived 30,000 to 200,000 years ago Thick muscles, brains about the same size as they are now, complex burial rituals and used plants to treat disease Thick muscles, brains about the same size as they are now, complex burial rituals and used plants to treat disease