Aluminum and amyloid-β co-located in a senile plaque in the grey-white matter interface of the parietal lobe of a donor with fAD. A) Aluminum was detected via an orange fluorescence emission upon lumogallion staining. B) ThS-reactive fluorescence (green) indicative of amyloid-β in the identical senile plaque. C) Merging of fluorescence channels reveals co-localization of aluminum and amyloid-β. D) Congo red staining of the same tissue region revealed apple-green birefringence in the form of a Maltese-Cross diffraction pattern or spherulite (magnified insert), under polarized light. Magnification: X 400, scale bars = 50 μm.