Effects of RTX and capsazepine on LPS- and IFN- γ -induced NO release, iNOS expression, PGE 2 release and/or COX-2 expression. RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (100 ng ml −1 ), IFN- γ (3 ng ml −1 ), RTX and/or capsazepine at the concentrations indicated for 24 h, then the culture medium was collected for NO assay (a, b), PGE 2 assay (d), and cell lysate, as described above, was subjected to SDS–PAGE and measured and quantified for iNOS (c) or COX-2 immunoreactivities (d). The data represent the mean±s.e.m. from at least three independent experiments. * P