Pictured are the increases (orange-­yellow) and decreases (blue) of neural activity in the brains of humans and macaques while performing the same attention task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging.  In this study, the researchers found that the attention networks in humans fundamentally differ from those of macaques in three ways: the networks contain more areas, more information is shared between brain hemispheres, and humans possess an entire attention control network that is missing from macaques.  The results suggest that the attention network has evolved to support uniquely human cognitive functions.  Credit: Image courtesy of Gaurav Patel/New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Medical Center.