The key signaling pathways regulating proliferation and metastasis are suppressed during Rhein treatment. Notes: ( A ) 30 or 60 μM Rhein inhibited the expression of p-ERK, p-Akt, MMP9 and CCND1 in A498 and 786-O cells at 48 h. ( B ) The quantitative results of the key molecules changing showed in ( A ) by ImageJ software. Abbreviations: GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; p-JNK, <t>phospho-c-Jun</t> N-terminal <t>kinase;</t> p-ERK, <t>phospho-extracellular</t> <t>signal-regulated</t> kinase.