[
    {
        "text": "foreign",
        "start": 1.26,
        "duration": 11.999
    },
    {
        "text": "[Music]",
        "start": 3.41,
        "duration": 9.849
    },
    {
        "text": "[Music]",
        "start": 15.28,
        "duration": 6.869
    },
    {
        "text": "this is cs50's Introduction to",
        "start": 25.34,
        "duration": 4.48
    },
    {
        "text": "programming with python my name is David",
        "start": 27.96,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "Malin and this is our week on file IO",
        "start": 29.82,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "input and output of files so up until",
        "start": 32.399,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "now most every program we've written",
        "start": 34.739,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "just stores all the information that it",
        "start": 36.6,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "collects in memory that is in variables",
        "start": 38.579,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "or inside of the program itself a",
        "start": 41.16,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "downside of which is that as soon as the",
        "start": 43.26,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "program exits anything you typed in",
        "start": 44.7,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "anything that you did with that program",
        "start": 46.5,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "is lost now with files of course on your",
        "start": 48.059,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "Mac or PC you can hang on to information",
        "start": 51.059,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "long term and file i o within the",
        "start": 52.98,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "context of programming is all about",
        "start": 55.44,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "writing code that can read from that is",
        "start": 56.76,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "load information from or write to that",
        "start": 59.399,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "is save information to files themselves",
        "start": 61.8,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "so let's see if we can't transition then",
        "start": 64.5,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "from only using memory and variables and",
        "start": 66.42,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "the like to actually writing code that",
        "start": 68.88,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "saves some files for us and therefore",
        "start": 70.799,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "data persistently well to do this let me",
        "start": 72.479,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "propose that we first consider a",
        "start": 75.6,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "familiar data structure a familiar type",
        "start": 77.159,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "of variable that we've seen before that",
        "start": 79.32,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "of a list and using lists we've been",
        "start": 81.119,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "able to store more than in one piece of",
        "start": 83.159,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "information in the past using one",
        "start": 85.14,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "variable we typically store one value",
        "start": 86.82,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "but if that variable is a list we can",
        "start": 88.439,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "store multiple values unfortunately",
        "start": 90.78,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "lists are stored in the computer's",
        "start": 92.52,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "memory and so once your program exits",
        "start": 94.38,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "even the contents of those disappear but",
        "start": 96.54,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "let's at least give ourselves a starting",
        "start": 98.64,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "point so I'm over here in vs code and",
        "start": 100.259,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to go ahead and create a",
        "start": 102.6,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "simple program using Code of names dot",
        "start": 104.1,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "Pi a program that just collects people's",
        "start": 106.979,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "names students names if you will and I'm",
        "start": 109.439,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "going to do it super simply initially in",
        "start": 111.6,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "a manner consistent with what we've done",
        "start": 113.579,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "in the past to get user input and print",
        "start": 114.96,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "it back out I'm going to say something",
        "start": 116.82,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "like this name equals input quote",
        "start": 118.38,
        "duration": 6.059
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote what's your name thereby storing",
        "start": 121.56,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "in a variable called name the return",
        "start": 124.439,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "value of input as always and as always",
        "start": 126.899,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to go ahead and very simply",
        "start": 129.66,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "print out a nice F string that says",
        "start": 131.099,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "hello comma and then in curly brace's",
        "start": 133.02,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "name to print out hello David hello",
        "start": 135.42,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "world however happens to be using the",
        "start": 137.34,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "program let me go ahead and run this",
        "start": 139.68,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "just to remind myself what I should",
        "start": 141.239,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "expect and if I run python names.pi and",
        "start": 142.68,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "hit enter type in my name like David of",
        "start": 145.08,
        "duration": 4.739
    },
    {
        "text": "course I now see hello comma David so",
        "start": 147.06,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "suppose though that we wanted to add",
        "start": 149.819,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "support not just for one name but",
        "start": 151.44,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "multiple names maybe three names for the",
        "start": 153.12,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "sake of discussion so that we can begin",
        "start": 155.16,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "to accumulate some amount of information",
        "start": 156.599,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "in the program such that it's really",
        "start": 159.42,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "going to be a downside if we keep",
        "start": 161.76,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "throwing it away once the program exits",
        "start": 163.62,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "well let me go back into names.pi up",
        "start": 166.2,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "here atub let me proactively give myself",
        "start": 168.72,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "a variable this time called names plural",
        "start": 171.0,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "and set it equal to an empty list recall",
        "start": 173.4,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "that the square bracket notation",
        "start": 175.98,
        "duration": 2.88
    },
    {
        "text": "especially if nothing's inside of it",
        "start": 177.239,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "just means give me an empty list that we",
        "start": 178.86,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "can add things to over time well what do",
        "start": 181.319,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "we want to add to it well let's add",
        "start": 183.78,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "three names each from the user and let",
        "start": 185.459,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "me say something like this for",
        "start": 187.56,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "underscore in range of three let me go",
        "start": 189.54,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and prompt the user with the input",
        "start": 192.659,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "function and getting their name in this",
        "start": 195.54,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "variable and then using list syntax I",
        "start": 197.519,
        "duration": 7.021
    },
    {
        "text": "can say names dot append name to that",
        "start": 200.58,
        "duration": 7.26
    },
    {
        "text": "list and now I have in that list that",
        "start": 204.54,
        "duration": 6.059
    },
    {
        "text": "given name one two three of them other",
        "start": 207.84,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "points to note is I could use a variable",
        "start": 210.599,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "here like I which is conventional but if",
        "start": 212.519,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm not actually using I explicitly on",
        "start": 214.56,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "any subsequent lines I might as well",
        "start": 216.84,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "just use underscore which is a pythonic",
        "start": 218.159,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "convention and actually if I want to",
        "start": 220.019,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "clean this up a little bit right now",
        "start": 221.94,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "notice that my name variable doesn't",
        "start": 223.68,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "really need to exist because I'm",
        "start": 225.84,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "assigning it a value and then",
        "start": 227.879,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "immediately appending it well I could",
        "start": 229.14,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "tighten this up further by just getting",
        "start": 231.299,
        "duration": 4.981
    },
    {
        "text": "rid of that variable altogether and just",
        "start": 233.4,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "appending immediately the return value",
        "start": 236.28,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "of input I think we could go both ways",
        "start": 238.319,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "in terms of design here on the one hand",
        "start": 240.78,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "it's a pretty short line and it's",
        "start": 242.64,
        "duration": 2.819
    },
    {
        "text": "readable on the other hand if I were to",
        "start": 243.959,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "eventually change this phrase to be not",
        "start": 245.459,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "what's your name but something longer we",
        "start": 247.379,
        "duration": 3.481
    },
    {
        "text": "might want to break it out again into",
        "start": 249.18,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "two lines but for now I think it's",
        "start": 250.86,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "pretty readable now later in the program",
        "start": 252.36,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "let's just go ahead and print out those",
        "start": 254.7,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "same names but let's sort them",
        "start": 256.56,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "alphabetically so that it makes sense to",
        "start": 258.299,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "be gathering them all together then",
        "start": 260.82,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting them and printing them so how",
        "start": 263.16,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "can I do that well in Python the",
        "start": 264.72,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "simplest way to sort a list in a loop is",
        "start": 266.52,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "probably to do something like this for",
        "start": 268.62,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "name in names but wait let's sort the",
        "start": 270.84,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "names first recall that there's a",
        "start": 274.259,
        "duration": 3.481
    },
    {
        "text": "function called sorted which will return",
        "start": 275.759,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "a sorted version of that list now let's",
        "start": 277.74,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "go ahead and print out an F string that",
        "start": 280.62,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "says again hello bracket name close",
        "start": 283.44,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "quotes all right let me go ahead and run",
        "start": 286.74,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "this so python of names dot pi and let",
        "start": 288.78,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "me go ahead and type in a few names this",
        "start": 292.44,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "time how about Hermione",
        "start": 294.419,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "how about Harry how about Ron and notice",
        "start": 296.1,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "that they're not quite in alphabetical",
        "start": 299.58,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "order but when I hit enter and that Loop",
        "start": 301.5,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "kicks in it's going to print out hello",
        "start": 304.259,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry hello Hermione hello Ron in sorted",
        "start": 306.24,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "order",
        "start": 309.479,
        "duration": 2.881
    },
    {
        "text": "but of course now if I run this program",
        "start": 310.32,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "again all of the names are lost and if",
        "start": 312.36,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "this is a bigger program than this that",
        "start": 314.94,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "might actually be pretty painful to have",
        "start": 316.74,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "to re-input the same information again",
        "start": 318.18,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "and again and again wouldn't it be nice",
        "start": 319.919,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "like most any program today on a phone",
        "start": 322.08,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "or a laptop or desktop or Cloud to be",
        "start": 324.3,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "able to save this information somehow",
        "start": 326.639,
        "duration": 5.701
    },
    {
        "text": "instead and that's where file i o comes",
        "start": 329.58,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "in and that's where Files come in they",
        "start": 332.34,
        "duration": 3.079
    },
    {
        "text": "are a way of storing information",
        "start": 334.259,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "persistently on your own phone or Mac or",
        "start": 335.419,
        "duration": 5.801
    },
    {
        "text": "PC or some Cloud servers disk so that",
        "start": 338.039,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "they're there when you come back and run",
        "start": 341.22,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "the program again so how can we go about",
        "start": 342.84,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "saving all three of these names on in a",
        "start": 345.36,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "file as opposed to having to type them",
        "start": 349.08,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "again and again let me go ahead and",
        "start": 351.06,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "simplify this file and again give myself",
        "start": 353.46,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "just a single variable called name and",
        "start": 355.08,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "set the return value of input equal to",
        "start": 357.539,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "that variable so what's your name as",
        "start": 361.08,
        "duration": 4.739
    },
    {
        "text": "before quote unquote and now let me go",
        "start": 363.0,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and let me do something more with",
        "start": 365.819,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "this value instead of just adding it to",
        "start": 367.86,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "a list or printing it immediately out",
        "start": 369.96,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "let's save the value of the person's",
        "start": 371.819,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "name that's just been typed in to a file",
        "start": 373.919,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "well how do we go about doing that well",
        "start": 375.78,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "in Python there's this function called",
        "start": 377.88,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "open whose purpose in life is to do just",
        "start": 379.38,
        "duration": 4.7
    },
    {
        "text": "that to open a file but to open it up",
        "start": 381.3,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "programmatically so that you the",
        "start": 384.08,
        "duration": 3.64
    },
    {
        "text": "programmer can actually read information",
        "start": 386.1,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "from it or write information to it so",
        "start": 387.72,
        "duration": 4.979
    },
    {
        "text": "open is like the programmer's equivalent",
        "start": 390.9,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "of like double clicking on an icon on",
        "start": 392.699,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "your Mac or PC but it's a programmer's",
        "start": 394.38,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "technique because it's going to allow",
        "start": 396.96,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "you to specify exactly what you want to",
        "start": 398.28,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "read from or write to that file formally",
        "start": 400.259,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "its documentation is here and you'll see",
        "start": 403.38,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "that its usage is relatively",
        "start": 405.72,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "straightforward it minimally just",
        "start": 407.4,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "requires the name of the file that we",
        "start": 408.78,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "want to open and optionally how we want",
        "start": 410.4,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "to open it so let me go back to vs code",
        "start": 412.8,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "here and let me propose now that I do",
        "start": 415.08,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "this I'm going to go ahead and call this",
        "start": 417.18,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "function called open passing in an",
        "start": 419.34,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "argument for names.txt which is the name",
        "start": 421.68,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "of the file I would like to store all of",
        "start": 424.259,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "these names in I could call it anything",
        "start": 426.599,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "I want but because it's going to be just",
        "start": 428.28,
        "duration": 3.56
    },
    {
        "text": "text it's conventional to call it",
        "start": 429.84,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "something.txt but I'm also going to tell",
        "start": 431.84,
        "duration": 5.079
    },
    {
        "text": "the open function that I plan to write",
        "start": 434.58,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "to this file so as a second argument to",
        "start": 436.919,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "open I'm going to put literally quote",
        "start": 439.5,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote W for right and that's going to",
        "start": 441.12,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "tell open to open the file in a way",
        "start": 443.819,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "that's going to allow me to change the",
        "start": 445.979,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "contents and better yet if it doesn't",
        "start": 447.66,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "even exist yet it's going to create the",
        "start": 449.039,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "file for me now open returns what's",
        "start": 451.08,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "called a file handle a special value",
        "start": 453.84,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "that allows me to access that file",
        "start": 456.419,
        "duration": 3.361
    },
    {
        "text": "subsequently so I'm going to go ahead",
        "start": 458.16,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "and sign it equal to a variable like",
        "start": 459.78,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "file and now I'm going to go ahead and",
        "start": 461.639,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "quite simply write this person's name to",
        "start": 464.16,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "that file so I'm going to literally type",
        "start": 466.8,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "file which is the variable a linking to",
        "start": 469.02,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "that file dot write which is a function",
        "start": 472.68,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "otherwise known as a method that comes",
        "start": 475.44,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "with open files that allows me to write",
        "start": 477.24,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "that name to the file and then lastly",
        "start": 479.58,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to quite simply going to go",
        "start": 482.28,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and say file Dot close which will",
        "start": 483.78,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "close and effectively save the file so",
        "start": 485.639,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "these three lines of code here are",
        "start": 488.46,
        "duration": 2.82
    },
    {
        "text": "essentially the programmers equivalent",
        "start": 489.84,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "to like double clicking an icon on your",
        "start": 491.28,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "Mac or PC making some changes in",
        "start": 493.02,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "Microsoft Word or some other program and",
        "start": 495.12,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "going to file save we're doing that all",
        "start": 496.86,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "in code with just these three lines here",
        "start": 498.84,
        "duration": 5.699
    },
    {
        "text": "well let's see now how this works let me",
        "start": 501.18,
        "duration": 7.859
    },
    {
        "text": "go ahead now and run python of names.pi",
        "start": 504.539,
        "duration": 7.56
    },
    {
        "text": "and enter let's type in a name I'll type",
        "start": 509.039,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "in Hermione",
        "start": 512.099,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "enter all right where did she end up",
        "start": 513.839,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "well let me go ahead now and type code",
        "start": 517.26,
        "duration": 5.519
    },
    {
        "text": "of names.txt which is a file that",
        "start": 519.659,
        "duration": 5.521
    },
    {
        "text": "happens now to exist because I opened it",
        "start": 522.779,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "in right mode and if I open this in a",
        "start": 525.18,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "tab we'll see there's Hermione well",
        "start": 527.22,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "let's go ahead and run names.pi once",
        "start": 530.1,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "more I'm going to go ahead and run",
        "start": 532.14,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "python of names.pi enter and this time",
        "start": 533.82,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "I'll type in Harry let me go ahead and",
        "start": 537.24,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "run it one more time and this time I'll",
        "start": 539.459,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "type in Ron and now let me go up to",
        "start": 541.2,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "names.text where hopefully I'll see all",
        "start": 543.959,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "three of them here",
        "start": 546.779,
        "duration": 5.521
    },
    {
        "text": "but no I've just actually seen Ron",
        "start": 548.519,
        "duration": 6.361
    },
    {
        "text": "What might explain what happened to",
        "start": 552.3,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "Hermione and Harry even though I'm",
        "start": 554.88,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "pretty sure I ran the program three",
        "start": 556.8,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "times and I definitely wrote the code",
        "start": 558.72,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "that writes their name to that file",
        "start": 560.519,
        "duration": 6.241
    },
    {
        "text": "what's going on here do you think I",
        "start": 564.12,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "think because we're not appending them",
        "start": 566.76,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "we should append the names since we are",
        "start": 568.5,
        "duration": 5.399
    },
    {
        "text": "writing directly it is erasing the old",
        "start": 571.32,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "content and it is replacing with the",
        "start": 573.899,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "last uh",
        "start": 576.3,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "set of characters that we mentioned",
        "start": 578.76,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "exactly unfortunately quote unquote W is",
        "start": 580.8,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "a little dangerous not only will it",
        "start": 583.62,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "create the file for you it will also",
        "start": 585.06,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "recreate the file for you every time you",
        "start": 586.86,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "open the file in that mode so if you",
        "start": 589.32,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "open the file once and write Hermione",
        "start": 591.06,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "that worked just fine as we saw but if",
        "start": 592.8,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "you do it again for Harry if you do it",
        "start": 594.779,
        "duration": 3.481
    },
    {
        "text": "again for Ron the code is working but",
        "start": 596.22,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "each time it's opening the file and",
        "start": 598.26,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "recreating it with brand new contents so",
        "start": 600.0,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "we had one version with Hermione one",
        "start": 602.579,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "version with Harry and one final version",
        "start": 604.32,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "with Ron but ideally I think we probably",
        "start": 605.88,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "want to be appending as bashal says each",
        "start": 608.16,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "of those names to the file not just",
        "start": 610.74,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "clobbering that is overwriting the file",
        "start": 612.6,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "each time so how can I do this it's",
        "start": 614.88,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "actually a relatively easy fix let me go",
        "start": 616.68,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and do this as follows I'm going",
        "start": 619.14,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "to first remove the old version of",
        "start": 620.82,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "names.text and now I'm going to change",
        "start": 622.56,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "my code to do this I'm going to change",
        "start": 624.959,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "the W quote unquote to just a quote",
        "start": 627.18,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote a for append which means to add",
        "start": 630.18,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "to the bottom to the bottom to the",
        "start": 632.399,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "bottom again and again now let me go",
        "start": 633.779,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and rerun python of names.pi and",
        "start": 635.82,
        "duration": 5.519
    },
    {
        "text": "enter I'll again start from scratch with",
        "start": 638.7,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "Hermione because I'm creating the file",
        "start": 641.339,
        "duration": 5.841
    },
    {
        "text": "new notice that if I now do code of",
        "start": 643.2,
        "duration": 7.379
    },
    {
        "text": "names.txt enter we do see that Hermione",
        "start": 647.18,
        "duration": 5.98
    },
    {
        "text": "is back so we've after removing the file",
        "start": 650.579,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "it did get recreated even though I'm",
        "start": 653.16,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "using append which is good but now let's",
        "start": 655.14,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "see what happens when I go back to my",
        "start": 657.24,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "terminal and this time I run python of",
        "start": 659.88,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "names.pi again this time typing in Harry",
        "start": 661.92,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "and let me run it one more time this",
        "start": 664.44,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "time typing in Ron so hopefully this",
        "start": 666.959,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "time in that second tab names.text I",
        "start": 669.06,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "should now see all three of them but but",
        "start": 670.98,
        "duration": 6.539
    },
    {
        "text": "but but this doesn't look ideal what",
        "start": 673.62,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "have I clearly done wrong",
        "start": 677.519,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "foreign",
        "start": 680.04,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "something tells me even though all three",
        "start": 681.12,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "names are there it's not going to be",
        "start": 683.1,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "easy to read those back unless you know",
        "start": 684.48,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "where each name ends and Begins the",
        "start": 686.64,
        "duration": 6.36
    },
    {
        "text": "English form it's not correctly",
        "start": 689.82,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "the English format is not correct like",
        "start": 693.0,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "it's a correct it's concatenating them",
        "start": 695.459,
        "duration": 6.541
    },
    {
        "text": "it is it's it can it's well it appears",
        "start": 698.459,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "to be concatenating but technically",
        "start": 702.0,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "speaking it's just appending to the file",
        "start": 703.92,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "first Hermione then Harry then Ron it",
        "start": 706.14,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "has the effect of combining them back to",
        "start": 708.959,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "back but it's not concatenating per se",
        "start": 710.579,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "it really is just a pending let's go to",
        "start": 712.2,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "another hand here what really have I",
        "start": 714.36,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "done wrong or equivalently how might I",
        "start": 716.94,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "fix",
        "start": 719.76,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "it would be nice if there were some kind",
        "start": 720.839,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "of gaps between each of the names so we",
        "start": 723.54,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "could read them more cleanly Hello uh we",
        "start": 725.339,
        "duration": 7.021
    },
    {
        "text": "should add a new line before we write",
        "start": 728.82,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "new name good we want to add a new line",
        "start": 732.36,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "ourselves so whereas print by default",
        "start": 734.94,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "recall always outputs automatically a",
        "start": 736.8,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "line ending of backslash n unless we",
        "start": 739.62,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "override it with the named parameter",
        "start": 741.48,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "called end write does not do that right",
        "start": 743.399,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "takes you literally and if you say right",
        "start": 745.8,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "Hermione that's it you're getting the H",
        "start": 747.839,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "through the E if you say right Harry you",
        "start": 750.0,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "get the H through the uh y you don't get",
        "start": 752.16,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "any extra new lines automatically so if",
        "start": 754.44,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "you want to have a new line at the end",
        "start": 757.32,
        "duration": 4.019
    },
    {
        "text": "of each of these names we've got to do",
        "start": 759.66,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "that manually so let me again close",
        "start": 761.339,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "names.txt and let me remove the current",
        "start": 762.959,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "file and let me go back up to my code",
        "start": 765.6,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "here and I can fix this in any number of",
        "start": 767.82,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "ways but I'm just going to go ahead and",
        "start": 769.56,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "do this I'm going to write out an F",
        "start": 770.76,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "string that contains name and backslash",
        "start": 772.86,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "n at the end we could do this in",
        "start": 775.68,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "different ways we could manually print",
        "start": 777.42,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "just the new line or some other",
        "start": 778.98,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "technique week but I'm going to go ahead",
        "start": 780.48,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "and use my f strings as I'm in the habit",
        "start": 782.16,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "of doing and just print to the name and",
        "start": 783.959,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "the new line all at once I'm going to go",
        "start": 785.7,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead now and down to my terminal window",
        "start": 787.86,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "run python of names dot Pi again enter",
        "start": 789.42,
        "duration": 4.979
    },
    {
        "text": "we'll type in Hermione I'm going to run",
        "start": 791.94,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "it again type in Harry I'm going to type",
        "start": 794.399,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "it again and this time Ron now I'm going",
        "start": 796.5,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "to run code of names.txt and open that",
        "start": 799.26,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "file and now it looks like the file is a",
        "start": 802.079,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "bit cleaner indeed I have each of the",
        "start": 805.32,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "name on its own line as well as a line",
        "start": 806.88,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "ending which ensures that we can",
        "start": 809.22,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "separate one from the other now if I",
        "start": 811.74,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "were you know writing code I bet I could",
        "start": 814.5,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "parse that is read the previous file by",
        "start": 816.959,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "looking at differences between lowercase",
        "start": 819.12,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "and uppercase letters but that's going",
        "start": 820.8,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "to get messy quickly generally speaking",
        "start": 822.24,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "when storing data long term in a file",
        "start": 824.279,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "you should probably do it somehow",
        "start": 826.56,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "cleanly like doing one name at a time",
        "start": 828.12,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "well let's now go back and I'll propose",
        "start": 830.519,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "that this code is now working correctly",
        "start": 832.86,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "but we can design it a little bit better",
        "start": 834.36,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "it turns out that it's all too easy when",
        "start": 836.04,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "writing code to sometimes forget to",
        "start": 838.62,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "close files and sometimes this isn't",
        "start": 840.54,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "necessarily a big deal but sometimes it",
        "start": 842.82,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "can create problems files could get",
        "start": 844.62,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "corrupted or accidentally deleted or the",
        "start": 846.18,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "liked depending on what happens in your",
        "start": 848.1,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "code so it turns out that you don't",
        "start": 849.48,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "strictly need to call close on the file",
        "start": 851.22,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "yourself if you take another approach",
        "start": 854.04,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "instead more pythonic when manipulating",
        "start": 855.899,
        "duration": 7.081
    },
    {
        "text": "files is to do this to introduce this",
        "start": 859.74,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "other keyword called quite simply with",
        "start": 862.98,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "that allows you to specify that in this",
        "start": 865.8,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "context I want you to open and",
        "start": 868.5,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically close some file so how do",
        "start": 870.839,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "we use with it simply looks like this",
        "start": 873.6,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "let me go back to my code here I've",
        "start": 875.76,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "gotten rid of the close line and I'm now",
        "start": 877.74,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "just going to say this instead instead",
        "start": 879.959,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "of saying file equals open I'm going to",
        "start": 881.88,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "say with open then the same arguments as",
        "start": 884.519,
        "duration": 5.521
    },
    {
        "text": "before and somewhat curiously I'm going",
        "start": 887.88,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "to put the variable at the end of the",
        "start": 890.04,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "line why that's just the way this is",
        "start": 891.72,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "done you say with you call the function",
        "start": 893.76,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "in question and then you say as and",
        "start": 896.16,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "specify the name of the variable that",
        "start": 898.5,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "should be assigned find the return value",
        "start": 900.18,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "of open then I'm going to go ahead and",
        "start": 902.04,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "indent the line underneath so that the",
        "start": 904.139,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "line of code that's writing the name is",
        "start": 906.54,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "now in the context of this with",
        "start": 908.579,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "statement which just ensures that",
        "start": 910.74,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically if I had more code in this",
        "start": 912.899,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "file down below no longer indented the",
        "start": 915.24,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "file would be automatically closed as",
        "start": 918.12,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "soon as line 4 is done executing so it",
        "start": 920.22,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "doesn't change what has just happened",
        "start": 922.56,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "but it does automate the process of at",
        "start": 923.94,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "least closing things for us just to",
        "start": 925.74,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "ensure I don't forget and so that",
        "start": 927.42,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "something doesn't go wrong",
        "start": 928.74,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "but suppose now that I wanted to read",
        "start": 931.5,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "these names from the file all I've done",
        "start": 934.32,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "thus far is write code that writes names",
        "start": 936.3,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "to the file but let's assume now that we",
        "start": 937.92,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "have all of these names in the file and",
        "start": 939.959,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "heck let's go ahead and add one more let",
        "start": 941.88,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "me go ahead and run this one more time",
        "start": 944.04,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "python of names.pi and let's add in",
        "start": 945.66,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "Draco to the mix so now that we have all",
        "start": 948.36,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "four of these names here how might we",
        "start": 950.759,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "want to read them back well let me",
        "start": 952.92,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "propose that we go into names.pi now or",
        "start": 955.259,
        "duration": 3.181
    },
    {
        "text": "we could create another program",
        "start": 957.48,
        "duration": 2.76
    },
    {
        "text": "altogether but I'm going to keep reusing",
        "start": 958.44,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "the same name just to keep us focused on",
        "start": 960.24,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "this and now I'm going to write code",
        "start": 962.16,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "that reads an existing file with",
        "start": 964.019,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "Hermione Harry Ron and Draco together",
        "start": 967.079,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "and how do I do this well it's similar",
        "start": 970.199,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "in spirit I'm going to start this time",
        "start": 972.42,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "with with open and then the first",
        "start": 974.16,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "argument is going to be the name of the",
        "start": 976.86,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "file that I want to open as before and",
        "start": 978.06,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to open it this time in read",
        "start": 980.459,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "mode quote unquote R and to read a file",
        "start": 982.32,
        "duration": 5.519
    },
    {
        "text": "just means to load it not to save it and",
        "start": 984.66,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to name the return value file",
        "start": 987.839,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "and now I'm going to do this yes and",
        "start": 990.3,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "there's a number of ways I can do this",
        "start": 991.98,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "but one way to read all of the lines",
        "start": 993.3,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "from the file at once would be this let",
        "start": 995.22,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "me declare a variable called lines let",
        "start": 997.44,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "me access that file and call a function",
        "start": 999.66,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "or a method that comes with it called",
        "start": 1001.88,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "read lines so if you read the",
        "start": 1003.68,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "documentation on file i o and python",
        "start": 1005.54,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "you'll see that open files come with a",
        "start": 1007.759,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "special method whose purpose in life is",
        "start": 1010.04,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "to read all the lines from the file and",
        "start": 1011.959,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "return them to me as a list so what this",
        "start": 1014.42,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "line 2 is doing is it's reading all of",
        "start": 1017.18,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "the lines from that file storing them in",
        "start": 1019.22,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "a variable called lines now suppose I",
        "start": 1021.5,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "want to iterate over all of those lines",
        "start": 1024.319,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "and print out each of those names for",
        "start": 1025.819,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "line in lines this is just a standard",
        "start": 1028.339,
        "duration": 6.061
    },
    {
        "text": "for Loop in Python lines as a list line",
        "start": 1030.74,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "is the variable that will be",
        "start": 1034.4,
        "duration": 3.059
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically be set to each of those",
        "start": 1035.66,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "lines let me go ahead and print out",
        "start": 1037.459,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "something like oh hello",
        "start": 1039.199,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "uh comma and then I'll print out the",
        "start": 1041.419,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "line itself",
        "start": 1044.299,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "all right so let me go to my terminal",
        "start": 1045.62,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "window run python of names.pi now I have",
        "start": 1047.6,
        "duration": 5.939
    },
    {
        "text": "not deleted names.txt so it still",
        "start": 1051.26,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "contains all four of those names and hit",
        "start": 1053.539,
        "duration": 5.701
    },
    {
        "text": "enter and okay it's not bad but it's a",
        "start": 1055.22,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "little ugly here",
        "start": 1059.24,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "what's going on when I ran names.pi it's",
        "start": 1061.22,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "saying hello to Hermione to Harry to Ron",
        "start": 1064.039,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "to Draco but there's these gaps now",
        "start": 1065.96,
        "duration": 4.579
    },
    {
        "text": "between the lines",
        "start": 1068.059,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "what's explains that symptom if if",
        "start": 1070.539,
        "duration": 5.02
    },
    {
        "text": "nothing else it just looks ugly it",
        "start": 1073.64,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "happens because in the text file we have",
        "start": 1075.559,
        "duration": 5.641
    },
    {
        "text": "new line symbols uh in between those",
        "start": 1077.96,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "names and the print always adds another",
        "start": 1081.2,
        "duration": 6.479
    },
    {
        "text": "new line at the end so you you use the",
        "start": 1084.26,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "same symbol twice perfect and here's a",
        "start": 1087.679,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "good example of a bug a mistake in a",
        "start": 1090.2,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "program but if you just think about",
        "start": 1092.059,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "those first principles like how do each",
        "start": 1093.38,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "of the lines of code work that I'm using",
        "start": 1096.02,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "you should be able to reason exactly as",
        "start": 1098.179,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "Rafal did there to say that all right",
        "start": 1099.74,
        "duration": 2.88
    },
    {
        "text": "well one of those new lines is coming",
        "start": 1101.299,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "from the file after each name and then",
        "start": 1102.62,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "of course print all of these Weeks Later",
        "start": 1104.9,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "is still giving us for free that extra",
        "start": 1106.64,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "new line so there's a couple of possible",
        "start": 1108.86,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "solutions I could certainly do this",
        "start": 1110.72,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "which we've done in the past and pass in",
        "start": 1112.94,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "a named argument to print like end",
        "start": 1114.799,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "equals quote unquote and that's fine I",
        "start": 1116.6,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "would argue a little better than that",
        "start": 1119.72,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "might actually be to do this to strip",
        "start": 1121.22,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "off of the end of the line the actual",
        "start": 1123.14,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "new line itself so that print is",
        "start": 1126.08,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "handling the printing of everything the",
        "start": 1128.059,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "person's name game as well as the new",
        "start": 1129.98,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "line but you're just stripping off what",
        "start": 1131.66,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "is really just an implementation detail",
        "start": 1134.12,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "in the file we chose to use new lines in",
        "start": 1136.039,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "my text file to separate one name from",
        "start": 1138.5,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "another so arguably it should be a",
        "start": 1140.78,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "little cleaner in terms of design to",
        "start": 1143.299,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "strip that off and then let print print",
        "start": 1145.22,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "out what is really just now a name but",
        "start": 1147.5,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "that's ultimately a design decision the",
        "start": 1149.66,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "effect is going to be exactly the same",
        "start": 1151.16,
        "duration": 6.36
    },
    {
        "text": "well if I'm going to open this file and",
        "start": 1153.799,
        "duration": 6.061
    },
    {
        "text": "read all the lines and then iterate over",
        "start": 1157.52,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "all of those lines and print them each",
        "start": 1159.86,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "out I could actually combine this into",
        "start": 1161.48,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "one thing because right now I'm doing",
        "start": 1163.34,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "twice as much work I'm reading all of",
        "start": 1165.14,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "the lines then I'm iterating over all of",
        "start": 1166.94,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "the lines just to print out each of them",
        "start": 1169.52,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "well in Python with files you can",
        "start": 1171.86,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "actually do this I'm going to erase",
        "start": 1174.08,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "almost all of these lines now keeping",
        "start": 1175.64,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "only the with statement at top and",
        "start": 1177.98,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "inside of this with statement I'm going",
        "start": 1180.559,
        "duration": 6.061
    },
    {
        "text": "to say this for line in file go ahead",
        "start": 1182.539,
        "duration": 6.421
    },
    {
        "text": "and print out quote unquote hello comma",
        "start": 1186.62,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "and then line Dot R strip so I'm going",
        "start": 1188.96,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "to take the approach of stripping off",
        "start": 1191.6,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "the end of the line but notice how",
        "start": 1192.799,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "elegant this is so to speak I've opened",
        "start": 1195.02,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "the file in line one and if I want to",
        "start": 1197.9,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "iterate over every line in the file I",
        "start": 1200.059,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "don't have to very explicitly load all",
        "start": 1202.1,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "read all the lines then iterate over all",
        "start": 1204.2,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "of the lines I can combine this into one",
        "start": 1206.419,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "thought it in Python you can simply say",
        "start": 1207.919,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "for line and file and that's going to",
        "start": 1210.32,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "have the effect of giving you a for Loop",
        "start": 1212.6,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "that iterates over every line in the",
        "start": 1214.039,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "file one at a time and on each iteration",
        "start": 1216.02,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "updating the value of this variable line",
        "start": 1217.94,
        "duration": 6.359
    },
    {
        "text": "to be Hermione then Harry then Ron then",
        "start": 1220.4,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "Draco so this again is one of the",
        "start": 1224.299,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "appealing aspects of python is that it",
        "start": 1226.52,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "reads rather like English for line and",
        "start": 1228.5,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "file print this it's a little more",
        "start": 1230.299,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "compact when written this way well what",
        "start": 1233.179,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "if though",
        "start": 1235.88,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "I don't want quite this Behavior because",
        "start": 1236.84,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "notice now if I run python of names.pi",
        "start": 1238.82,
        "duration": 4.739
    },
    {
        "text": "it's correct I'm seeing each of the",
        "start": 1241.159,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "names and each of the hellos and there's",
        "start": 1243.559,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "no Extra Spaces in between but just to",
        "start": 1245.419,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "be difficult I'd really like us to be",
        "start": 1248.659,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting these hellos really I'd like to",
        "start": 1251.059,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "see Draco first then Harry then Hermione",
        "start": 1253.34,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "then Ron no matter what order they",
        "start": 1256.039,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "appear in the file so I could go in of",
        "start": 1257.84,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "course to the file and manually change",
        "start": 1260.059,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "the file but if that file is changing",
        "start": 1261.679,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "over time based on who is typing their",
        "start": 1263.179,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "name into the program that's not really",
        "start": 1265.28,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "a good solution in code I should be able",
        "start": 1266.84,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "to load the file no matter what it looks",
        "start": 1268.7,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "like and just sort it all at once now",
        "start": 1270.38,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "here is a reason to not do what I've",
        "start": 1273.5,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "just done I can't iterate over each line",
        "start": 1276.08,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "in the file and print it out but sort",
        "start": 1279.62,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "everything in advance right logically if",
        "start": 1282.2,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm looking at each line one at a time",
        "start": 1284.48,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "and printing it out it's too late to",
        "start": 1286.52,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "sort I really need to read all of the",
        "start": 1288.98,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "lines first without printing them sort",
        "start": 1290.96,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "them then print them so we have to take",
        "start": 1293.539,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "a step back in order to add now now this",
        "start": 1295.46,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "new feature so how can I do this well",
        "start": 1297.5,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "let me combine some ideas from before",
        "start": 1299.6,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "let me go ahead and start fresh with",
        "start": 1301.64,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "this let me give myself a list called",
        "start": 1303.919,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "names and assign it an empty list just",
        "start": 1305.9,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "so I have a variable in which to",
        "start": 1308.6,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "accumulate all of these lines and now",
        "start": 1310.4,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "let me open the file with open quote",
        "start": 1312.62,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote names.txt and it turns out I can",
        "start": 1315.26,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "tighten this up a little bit it turns",
        "start": 1317.6,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "out if you're opening a file to read it",
        "start": 1319.28,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "you don't need to specify quote unquote",
        "start": 1320.84,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "r that is the implicit default so you",
        "start": 1323.0,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "can tighten things up by just saying",
        "start": 1325.52,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "open names.text and you'll be able to",
        "start": 1327.02,
        "duration": 4.019
    },
    {
        "text": "read the file but not write it I'm going",
        "start": 1328.76,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "to give myself a variable called file as",
        "start": 1331.039,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "before I am going to iterate over the",
        "start": 1332.96,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "file in the same way for line in file",
        "start": 1335.36,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "but instead of printing each line I'm",
        "start": 1337.64,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "going to do this I'm going to take my",
        "start": 1340.64,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "names list and append to it and this is",
        "start": 1342.86,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "appending to a list in memory not",
        "start": 1345.74,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "appending to the file itself I'm going",
        "start": 1348.38,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "to go ahead and append the current line",
        "start": 1350.96,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "but I'm going to strip off the new line",
        "start": 1352.46,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "at the end so that all I'm adding to",
        "start": 1354.86,
        "duration": 4.52
    },
    {
        "text": "this list is each of the students names",
        "start": 1356.539,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "now I can use that familiar technique",
        "start": 1359.38,
        "duration": 5.02
    },
    {
        "text": "from before let me go outside of this",
        "start": 1361.76,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "with statement because now I've read the",
        "start": 1364.4,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "entire file presumably so by the time",
        "start": 1366.08,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm done with lines four and five again",
        "start": 1367.88,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "and again and again for each line in the",
        "start": 1370.64,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "file I'm done with the file it can close",
        "start": 1372.14,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "I now have all of the students names in",
        "start": 1374.179,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "this list variable let me do this for",
        "start": 1376.28,
        "duration": 7.019
    },
    {
        "text": "name in not just names but the sorted",
        "start": 1379.28,
        "duration": 6.72
    },
    {
        "text": "names using our python function sorted",
        "start": 1383.299,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "which does just that and do print quote",
        "start": 1386.0,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote with an F string hello comma and",
        "start": 1388.58,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "now I'll plug in bracket name",
        "start": 1391.4,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "so now what have I done I'm creating a",
        "start": 1393.86,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "list at the beginning just so I have a",
        "start": 1397.1,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "place to gather my data I then on lines",
        "start": 1398.6,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "three through five iterate over the file",
        "start": 1401.0,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "from top to bottom reading in each line",
        "start": 1402.86,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "one at a time stripping off the new line",
        "start": 1405.26,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "and adding just the student's name to",
        "start": 1406.94,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "this list and the reason I'm doing that",
        "start": 1408.559,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "is so that on line seven I can sort all",
        "start": 1410.539,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "of those names now that they're all in",
        "start": 1413.539,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "memory and print them in order I need to",
        "start": 1415.22,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "load them all into memory before I can",
        "start": 1418.1,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "sort them otherwise I'd be printing them",
        "start": 1420.08,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "out prematurely and Draco would end up",
        "start": 1421.94,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "last instead of first so let me go ahead",
        "start": 1423.799,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "in my terminal window and run python of",
        "start": 1426.08,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "names.pi now and hit enter and there we",
        "start": 1427.94,
        "duration": 6.119
    },
    {
        "text": "go the same list of four hellos but now",
        "start": 1431.12,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "they're sorted and this is a very common",
        "start": 1434.059,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "technique when dealing with files and",
        "start": 1436.039,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "information more generally if you want",
        "start": 1438.14,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "to change that data in some way like",
        "start": 1439.76,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting it creating some kind of",
        "start": 1442.4,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "variable at the top of your program like",
        "start": 1444.559,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "a list adding or appending information",
        "start": 1446.179,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "to it just to collect it in one place",
        "start": 1448.279,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "and then do something interesting with",
        "start": 1450.44,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "that collection that list is exactly",
        "start": 1452.72,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "what I've done here now I should note",
        "start": 1454.94,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "that if we just want to sort the file we",
        "start": 1457.1,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "can actually do this even more simply in",
        "start": 1459.08,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "Python particularly by not bothering",
        "start": 1460.94,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "with this names list nor the second for",
        "start": 1463.039,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "Loop and let me go ahead and instead",
        "start": 1465.62,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "just do more simply this let me go ahead",
        "start": 1467.179,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "and tell python that we want the file",
        "start": 1469.159,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "itself to be sorted using that same",
        "start": 1470.96,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted function but this time on the",
        "start": 1473.179,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "file itself and then inside of that for",
        "start": 1475.159,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "Loop let's just go ahead and print right",
        "start": 1477.38,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "away our hello comma followed by the",
        "start": 1478.88,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "line itself but still stripping off of",
        "start": 1481.64,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "the end of it any white space therein if",
        "start": 1483.559,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "we go ahead and run this same program",
        "start": 1486.32,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "now with pythonupnames.pi and hit enter",
        "start": 1487.82,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "we get the same result but of course",
        "start": 1490.34,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "it's a lot more compact but for the sake",
        "start": 1492.08,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "of discussion let's assume that we do",
        "start": 1494.48,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "actually want to potentially make some",
        "start": 1496.76,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "changes to the data as we iterate over",
        "start": 1498.98,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "it so let me undo those changes leave",
        "start": 1500.72,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "things as is where by now we'll continue",
        "start": 1502.46,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "to accumulate all of the names first",
        "start": 1504.44,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "into a list maybe do something to them",
        "start": 1506.179,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "maybe forcing them to uppercase or",
        "start": 1508.159,
        "duration": 3.541
    },
    {
        "text": "lowercase or the like and then sort and",
        "start": 1509.6,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "print out each item",
        "start": 1511.7,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "let me pause and see if there's any",
        "start": 1513.38,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "questions now on file IO reading or",
        "start": 1514.88,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "writing or now accumulating all of these",
        "start": 1517.22,
        "duration": 7.079
    },
    {
        "text": "values in some list hi is there a way to",
        "start": 1520.88,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "sort the files but instead if you want",
        "start": 1524.299,
        "duration": 5.641
    },
    {
        "text": "it from alphabetically from A to Z is",
        "start": 1526.82,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "there a way to reverse it from zet to a",
        "start": 1529.94,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "is there a like a little extension that",
        "start": 1532.039,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "you can add to the end to do that or",
        "start": 1534.32,
        "duration": 2.88
    },
    {
        "text": "would you have to create a new function",
        "start": 1535.7,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "if you wanted to reverse the contents of",
        "start": 1537.2,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "the file yeah so if you instead of",
        "start": 1539.779,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting them from a to z in ascending",
        "start": 1542.6,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "order if you're one of them in",
        "start": 1544.7,
        "duration": 2.76
    },
    {
        "text": "descending order",
        "start": 1546.2,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "is there an extension for the there is",
        "start": 1547.46,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "indeed and as always the documentation",
        "start": 1550.46,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "is your friend so if the goal is to sort",
        "start": 1552.679,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "them not in alphabetical order which is",
        "start": 1554.539,
        "duration": 2.88
    },
    {
        "text": "the default but maybe reverse",
        "start": 1556.159,
        "duration": 2.941
    },
    {
        "text": "alphabetical order you can take a look",
        "start": 1557.419,
        "duration": 3.181
    },
    {
        "text": "for instance at the formal python",
        "start": 1559.1,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "documentation there and what you'll see",
        "start": 1560.6,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "is this summary you'll see that the",
        "start": 1562.46,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted function takes a first argument",
        "start": 1564.5,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "generally known as an iterable and",
        "start": 1566.299,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "something that's iterable means that you",
        "start": 1568.58,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "can iterate over it that is you can Loop",
        "start": 1570.14,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "over it one thing at a time what the",
        "start": 1572.059,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "rest of this line here means is that you",
        "start": 1574.279,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "can specify a key like how you want to",
        "start": 1576.2,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "sort it but more on that later but this",
        "start": 1578.179,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "last named parameter here is reverse and",
        "start": 1580.159,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "by default per the documentation it's",
        "start": 1582.5,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "false it will not be reversed by default",
        "start": 1584.6,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "but if we change that to true I bet we",
        "start": 1587.059,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "can do that so let me go back to vs code",
        "start": 1589.039,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "here and do just that let me go ahead",
        "start": 1591.08,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "and pass in a second argument to sorted",
        "start": 1593.179,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "in addition to this iterable which is my",
        "start": 1595.279,
        "duration": 5.041
    },
    {
        "text": "names list iterable again in the sense",
        "start": 1597.919,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "that it can be looped over and let me",
        "start": 1600.32,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "pass in Reverse equals true thereby",
        "start": 1602.779,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "overriding the default of false let me",
        "start": 1605.9,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "now run python of names Dot pie and now",
        "start": 1608.12,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "Ron's at the top and draco's at the",
        "start": 1610.64,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "bottom so there too whenever you have a",
        "start": 1613.159,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "question like that moving forward",
        "start": 1615.32,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "consider what does the documentation say",
        "start": 1616.46,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "and see if there's a germ of an idea",
        "start": 1618.62,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "there because odds are if you have some",
        "start": 1620.36,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "problem odds are some programmer before",
        "start": 1621.919,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "you have had the same question other",
        "start": 1623.659,
        "duration": 5.0
    },
    {
        "text": "thoughts",
        "start": 1626.24,
        "duration": 2.419
    },
    {
        "text": "um",
        "start": 1629.36,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "and the second question can we find a",
        "start": 1630.7,
        "duration": 6.7
    },
    {
        "text": "specific name really good question can",
        "start": 1634.58,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "we limit the number of the names in the",
        "start": 1637.4,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "file and can we find a specific one we",
        "start": 1638.84,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "absolutely could if we were to write",
        "start": 1641.299,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "code we could for instance open the file",
        "start": 1643.64,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "first count how many lines are already",
        "start": 1646.279,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "there and then if there's too many",
        "start": 1648.98,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "already we could just exit with sys.exit",
        "start": 1651.14,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "or some other message to indicate to the",
        "start": 1653.779,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "user that sorry the class is full as for",
        "start": 1655.58,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "finding someone specifically absolutely",
        "start": 1658.1,
        "duration": 4.28
    },
    {
        "text": "you could imagine opening the file",
        "start": 1660.32,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "iterating over it with a for loop again",
        "start": 1662.38,
        "duration": 4.12
    },
    {
        "text": "and again and then adding a conditional",
        "start": 1664.76,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "like if the current line equals equals",
        "start": 1666.5,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry then we found the chosen run and",
        "start": 1669.32,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "you can print something like that so you",
        "start": 1671.84,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "can absolutely combine these ideas with",
        "start": 1673.399,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "previous ideas like conditionals to ask",
        "start": 1675.02,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "those same questions how about one other",
        "start": 1677.12,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "question on file IO uh so I just thought",
        "start": 1679.22,
        "duration": 5.6
    },
    {
        "text": "about",
        "start": 1683.6,
        "duration": 5.819
    },
    {
        "text": "this function like uh read all lines and",
        "start": 1684.82,
        "duration": 9.04
    },
    {
        "text": "it looks like it's uh like separate all",
        "start": 1689.419,
        "duration": 7.221
    },
    {
        "text": "the lines by this special character",
        "start": 1693.86,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "backslash n but it looks like we don't",
        "start": 1696.64,
        "duration": 6.399
    },
    {
        "text": "need it a character and we we always",
        "start": 1699.74,
        "duration": 7.559
    },
    {
        "text": "trip it and it looks like some bad",
        "start": 1703.039,
        "duration": 7.801
    },
    {
        "text": "design of function why why wouldn't we",
        "start": 1707.299,
        "duration": 7.201
    },
    {
        "text": "just strip it inside this function a",
        "start": 1710.84,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "really good question so we are in my",
        "start": 1714.5,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "examples thus far using our strip to",
        "start": 1717.02,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "reverse uh to strip from the end of the",
        "start": 1719.36,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "line all of this white space you might",
        "start": 1721.88,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "not want to do that in this case I am",
        "start": 1723.86,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "stripping it away because I know that",
        "start": 1726.14,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "each of those lines isn't some generic",
        "start": 1728.539,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "line of text each line really represents",
        "start": 1730.46,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "a name that I have put there myself I'm",
        "start": 1732.559,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "using the new line just to separate one",
        "start": 1735.5,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "value from another in other scenarios",
        "start": 1737.24,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "you might very well want to keep that",
        "start": 1739.58,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "line ending because it's a very long",
        "start": 1741.5,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "series of text or a parallel graph or",
        "start": 1743.12,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "something like that where you want to",
        "start": 1745.22,
        "duration": 2.939
    },
    {
        "text": "keep it distinct from the others but",
        "start": 1746.48,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "it's just a convention we have to use",
        "start": 1748.159,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "something presumably to separate one",
        "start": 1750.38,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "chunk of text from another there are",
        "start": 1753.02,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "other functions in Python that will in",
        "start": 1755.299,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "fact handle the removal of that white",
        "start": 1757.34,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "space for you read lines though does",
        "start": 1759.32,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "literally that though it reads all of",
        "start": 1761.779,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "the lines as is well allow me to turn",
        "start": 1763.34,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "our attention back to where we left off",
        "start": 1766.34,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "here which is just names to propose that",
        "start": 1768.5,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "with names.text we have an ability it",
        "start": 1770.899,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "seems to store each of these names",
        "start": 1773.659,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "pretty straightforwardly but what if we",
        "start": 1775.279,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "wanted to keep track of other",
        "start": 1777.38,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "information as well suppose that we",
        "start": 1778.52,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "wanted to store information including a",
        "start": 1780.679,
        "duration": 6.301
    },
    {
        "text": "student's uh name and their house at",
        "start": 1783.559,
        "duration": 5.521
    },
    {
        "text": "Hogwarts be it Gryffindor or Slytherin",
        "start": 1786.98,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "or something else well where do we go",
        "start": 1789.08,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "about putting that you know Hermione",
        "start": 1791.419,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "lives in Gryffindor so we could do",
        "start": 1793.34,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "something like this in our text file",
        "start": 1794.779,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry lives in Gryffindor so we could do",
        "start": 1796.34,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "that Ron lives in Gryffindor so we could",
        "start": 1798.679,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "do that and Draco lives in Slytherin so",
        "start": 1800.899,
        "duration": 5.701
    },
    {
        "text": "we could do that but I worry here",
        "start": 1803.12,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "but I worry now that we're mixing apples",
        "start": 1806.6,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "and oranges so to speak like some lines",
        "start": 1808.64,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "or names some lines are houses so this",
        "start": 1810.679,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "probably isn't the best design if only",
        "start": 1812.96,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "because it's confusing or it's ambiguous",
        "start": 1814.88,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "so maybe what we could do is Adopt A",
        "start": 1816.74,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "convention and indeed this is in fact",
        "start": 1818.96,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "what a lot of programmers do they change",
        "start": 1820.58,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "this file not to be names.text but",
        "start": 1823.039,
        "duration": 4.64
    },
    {
        "text": "instead let me create a new file called",
        "start": 1825.74,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "names.csv CSV stands for comma separated",
        "start": 1827.679,
        "duration": 5.38
    },
    {
        "text": "values and it's a very common convention",
        "start": 1831.2,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "to store multiple pieces of information",
        "start": 1833.059,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "that are related in the same file and so",
        "start": 1835.22,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "to do this I'm going to separate each of",
        "start": 1838.46,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "these types of data not with another new",
        "start": 1840.32,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "line but simply with a comma I'm going",
        "start": 1842.48,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "to keep each student on their own line",
        "start": 1844.82,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "but I'm going to separate the",
        "start": 1846.679,
        "duration": 3.541
    },
    {
        "text": "information about each student using a",
        "start": 1848.12,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "comma instead and so now we sort of have",
        "start": 1850.22,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "a two-dimensional file if you will row",
        "start": 1852.799,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "by row we have our students but if you",
        "start": 1855.14,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "think of these commas as representing a",
        "start": 1857.36,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "column even though it's not perfectly",
        "start": 1859.58,
        "duration": 2.939
    },
    {
        "text": "straight because of the lengths of these",
        "start": 1861.08,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "names it's a little it's a little Jagged",
        "start": 1862.519,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "you can think of these commas as",
        "start": 1865.279,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "representing a column and it turns out",
        "start": 1866.539,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "these CSV files are very commonly used",
        "start": 1868.88,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "when you use something like Microsoft",
        "start": 1871.519,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "Excel Apple numbers or Google",
        "start": 1873.32,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "spreadsheets and you want to export the",
        "start": 1875.059,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "data to share with someone else as a CSV",
        "start": 1876.86,
        "duration": 5.699
    },
    {
        "text": "file or conversely if you want to import",
        "start": 1879.559,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "a CSV file into your preferred",
        "start": 1882.559,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "spreadsheet software like Excel or",
        "start": 1884.96,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "numbers or Google spreadsheets you can",
        "start": 1887.0,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "do that as well so CSV is a very common",
        "start": 1888.86,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "very simple text format that just",
        "start": 1891.2,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "separates values with commas and",
        "start": 1893.6,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "different types of values ultimately",
        "start": 1896.24,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "with new lines as well let me go ahead",
        "start": 1897.679,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "and run code of students.csv to create a",
        "start": 1899.96,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "brand new file that's initially empty",
        "start": 1902.899,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "and we'll add to it those same names but",
        "start": 1904.519,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "also some other information as well so",
        "start": 1906.74,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "if I now have this new file students.csv",
        "start": 1909.08,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "inside of which is one column of name so",
        "start": 1912.019,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "to speak and one column of houses how do",
        "start": 1914.539,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "I go about changing my code to read not",
        "start": 1916.94,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "just those names but also those names",
        "start": 1919.039,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "and houses so that they're not all on",
        "start": 1920.96,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "one line we somehow have access to both",
        "start": 1922.7,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "type of value separately play well let",
        "start": 1924.86,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "me go ahead and create a new program",
        "start": 1927.44,
        "duration": 2.78
    },
    {
        "text": "here called",
        "start": 1928.58,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi and in this program let's go",
        "start": 1930.22,
        "duration": 5.199
    },
    {
        "text": "about reading not a text file per se but",
        "start": 1933.14,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "a specific type of text file a CSV a",
        "start": 1935.419,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "comma separated values file and to do",
        "start": 1937.88,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "this I'm going to use similar code as",
        "start": 1940.34,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "before I'm going to say with open quote",
        "start": 1941.72,
        "duration": 4.04
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote",
        "start": 1944.72,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "students.csv I'm not going to bother",
        "start": 1945.76,
        "duration": 3.88
    },
    {
        "text": "specifying quote unquote R because again",
        "start": 1947.899,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "that's the default but I'm going to give",
        "start": 1949.64,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "myself a variable name of file and then",
        "start": 1951.14,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "in this file I'm going to go ahead and",
        "start": 1954.08,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "do this for line and file as before and",
        "start": 1955.58,
        "duration": 5.819
    },
    {
        "text": "now I have to be a bit clever here let",
        "start": 1959.419,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "me go back to students.csv looking at",
        "start": 1961.399,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "this file and it seems that on my loop",
        "start": 1964.34,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "on each iteration I'm going to get",
        "start": 1966.799,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "access to the whole line of text I'm not",
        "start": 1968.539,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "going to automatically get access to",
        "start": 1971.539,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "just Hermione or just Gryffindor recall",
        "start": 1973.159,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "that the loop is going to give me each",
        "start": 1975.919,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "full line of text so logically what",
        "start": 1977.6,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "would you propose that we do inside of a",
        "start": 1980.6,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "for Loop that's reading a whole line of",
        "start": 1982.88,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "text at once but we now want to get",
        "start": 1984.86,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "access to the individual values like",
        "start": 1986.419,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "Hermione and Gryffindor Harry and",
        "start": 1988.76,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "Gryffindor how do we go about taking one",
        "start": 1991.1,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "line of text and gaining access to those",
        "start": 1993.559,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "individual values do you think just",
        "start": 1995.539,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "instinctively even if you're not sure",
        "start": 1997.039,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "what the name of the functions would be",
        "start": 1998.779,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "you can access access it as you would",
        "start": 2000.519,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "and if you were using a dictionary like",
        "start": 2003.34,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "using a key and value",
        "start": 2005.08,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "so ideally we would access it using it a",
        "start": 2006.64,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "key in value but at this point in the",
        "start": 2008.62,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "story all we have is this Loop and this",
        "start": 2010.059,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "Loop is giving me one line of text that",
        "start": 2012.46,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "is the time I'm the programmer now I",
        "start": 2014.98,
        "duration": 3.059
    },
    {
        "text": "have to solve this there is no",
        "start": 2016.84,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary yet in question about another",
        "start": 2018.039,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "suggestion here",
        "start": 2020.08,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "um so you can somehow split the two",
        "start": 2021.94,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "words based on the comma yeah even if",
        "start": 2024.399,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "you're not quite sure what function is",
        "start": 2027.159,
        "duration": 3.541
    },
    {
        "text": "going to do this intuitively you want to",
        "start": 2028.96,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "take this whole line of text Hermione",
        "start": 2030.7,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "comma Gryffindor Harry comma Gryffindor",
        "start": 2032.2,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "and so forth and split that line into",
        "start": 2034.72,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "two pieces if you will and it turns out",
        "start": 2037.24,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "wonderfully the function we'll use is",
        "start": 2039.22,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "actually called split that can split on",
        "start": 2040.659,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "any characters but you can tell it what",
        "start": 2042.94,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "character to use so I'm going to go back",
        "start": 2045.039,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "into students.pi and inside of this Loop",
        "start": 2046.84,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to go ahead and do this I'm",
        "start": 2049.78,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "going to take the current line I'm going",
        "start": 2051.159,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "to remove the white space at the end as",
        "start": 2053.139,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "always using R strip here and then",
        "start": 2055.359,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "whatever the result of that is I'm going",
        "start": 2057.639,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "to now call split and quote unquote",
        "start": 2059.5,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "comma so the split function or method",
        "start": 2062.5,
        "duration": 6.839
    },
    {
        "text": "comes with strings stirs in Python any",
        "start": 2065.74,
        "duration": 6.659
    },
    {
        "text": "stir has this method built in and if you",
        "start": 2069.339,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "pass in an argument like a comma what",
        "start": 2072.399,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "this strip split function will do is",
        "start": 2074.8,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "split that current string into one two",
        "start": 2077.079,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "three maybe more pieces by looking for",
        "start": 2079.48,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "that character again and again",
        "start": 2082.179,
        "duration": 5.641
    },
    {
        "text": "ultimately strip uh ultimately split is",
        "start": 2084.28,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "going to return to us a list of all of",
        "start": 2087.82,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "the individual parts to the left and to",
        "start": 2089.919,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "the right of those commas so I can give",
        "start": 2091.899,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "myself a variable called row here and",
        "start": 2094.24,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "this is a common Paradigm when you know",
        "start": 2096.28,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "you're iterating over a file",
        "start": 2097.96,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "specifically a CSV it's common to think",
        "start": 2099.46,
        "duration": 6.6
    },
    {
        "text": "of each line of it as being a row and",
        "start": 2102.46,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "each of the values they're in separated",
        "start": 2106.06,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "by commas as columns so to speak so I'm",
        "start": 2107.98,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "going to deliberately name my variable",
        "start": 2110.8,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "row just to be consistent with that",
        "start": 2112.48,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "convention and now what do I want to",
        "start": 2114.22,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "print well I'm going to go ahead and say",
        "start": 2116.68,
        "duration": 5.939
    },
    {
        "text": "this print how about the following in F",
        "start": 2118.599,
        "duration": 7.081
    },
    {
        "text": "string that starts with curly braces",
        "start": 2122.619,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "well how do I get access to the first",
        "start": 2125.68,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "thing in that row well the row is going",
        "start": 2128.619,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "to have how many parts two because if",
        "start": 2130.66,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm splitting on commas and there's one",
        "start": 2132.82,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "comma per line that's going to give me a",
        "start": 2134.68,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "left part and a right part like Hermione",
        "start": 2136.78,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "and Gryffindor Harry and Gryffindor when",
        "start": 2138.64,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "I have a list like row how do I get",
        "start": 2141.7,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "access to individual values well I can",
        "start": 2144.099,
        "duration": 6.421
    },
    {
        "text": "do this I can say Row Bracket zero and",
        "start": 2146.5,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "that's going to go to the first element",
        "start": 2150.52,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "of the list which should hopefully be",
        "start": 2152.14,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "the student's name then after that I'm",
        "start": 2153.64,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "going to say is in and I'm going to have",
        "start": 2156.099,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "another curly brace here for Row Bracket",
        "start": 2157.9,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "one and then I'm going to close my whole",
        "start": 2161.38,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "quote so it looks a little cryptic at",
        "start": 2163.24,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "first glance but most of this is just F",
        "start": 2165.22,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "string syntax with curly braces to plug",
        "start": 2166.78,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "in values and what values am I plugging",
        "start": 2169.119,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "in well rho again is a list and it has",
        "start": 2171.099,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "two elements presumably Hermione in one",
        "start": 2173.859,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "and Gryffindor and the other and so",
        "start": 2176.68,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "forth so bracket zero is the first",
        "start": 2178.599,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "element because remember we start",
        "start": 2181.48,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "indexing at zero in Python and one is",
        "start": 2182.92,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "going to be the second second element so",
        "start": 2186.04,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "let me go ahead and run this now and see",
        "start": 2187.9,
        "duration": 6.02
    },
    {
        "text": "what happens python of uh",
        "start": 2189.82,
        "duration": 7.92
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi enter and we see Hermione's",
        "start": 2193.92,
        "duration": 5.32
    },
    {
        "text": "in Gryffindor Harry's and Gryffindor Ron",
        "start": 2197.74,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "is in Gryffindor and Draco is in",
        "start": 2199.24,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "Slytherin so we have now implemented our",
        "start": 2201.22,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "own code from scratch that actually",
        "start": 2204.16,
        "duration": 6.36
    },
    {
        "text": "parses that is reads and interprets a",
        "start": 2207.28,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "CSV file ultimately here",
        "start": 2210.52,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "now let me pause to see if there's any",
        "start": 2212.92,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "questions but we'll make this even",
        "start": 2214.72,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "easier to read in just a moment",
        "start": 2216.339,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "any questions on what we've just done",
        "start": 2218.92,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "here by splitting by comma so my",
        "start": 2221.02,
        "duration": 6.36
    },
    {
        "text": "question is uh can we edit any line of",
        "start": 2223.72,
        "duration": 6.72
    },
    {
        "text": "code anytime we want or uh the only",
        "start": 2227.38,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "option that we have is to append uh the",
        "start": 2230.44,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "lines or let's say if we want to let's",
        "start": 2233.2,
        "duration": 6.659
    },
    {
        "text": "say change headies uh house to let's say",
        "start": 2236.26,
        "duration": 7.2
    },
    {
        "text": "Slytherin or some other house yeah a",
        "start": 2239.859,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "really good question what if you want to",
        "start": 2243.46,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "in Python change a line in the file and",
        "start": 2245.079,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "not just a pen to the end you would have",
        "start": 2247.9,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "to implement that logic yourself so for",
        "start": 2250.839,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "instance you could imagine now opening",
        "start": 2252.88,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "the file and reading all of the contents",
        "start": 2255.4,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "in then maybe iterating over each of",
        "start": 2257.56,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "those lines and as soon as you see that",
        "start": 2260.079,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "the current name equals equals Harry you",
        "start": 2261.82,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "could maybe change his house to",
        "start": 2264.22,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "Slytherin and then it would be up to you",
        "start": 2266.26,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "though to write all of those changes",
        "start": 2268.66,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "back to the file so in that case you",
        "start": 2271.06,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "might want to in simplest form read the",
        "start": 2272.98,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "file once and let it close then open it",
        "start": 2275.02,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "again but open for writing and change",
        "start": 2277.359,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "the whole file it's not really possible",
        "start": 2279.52,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "or easy to go in and change just part of",
        "start": 2282.04,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "the file though you can do it it's",
        "start": 2284.32,
        "duration": 4.019
    },
    {
        "text": "easier to actually read the whole file",
        "start": 2286.3,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "make your changes in memory then write",
        "start": 2288.339,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "the whole file out but for larger files",
        "start": 2290.26,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "where that might be quite slow you can",
        "start": 2292.3,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "be more clever than that well let me",
        "start": 2294.28,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "propose now that we clean this up a",
        "start": 2296.92,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "little bit because I actually think this",
        "start": 2298.96,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "is a little cryptic to read Row Bracket",
        "start": 2300.4,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "zero Row Bracket one it's it's not that",
        "start": 2302.44,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "well written at the moment I would say",
        "start": 2304.599,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "but it turns out that when you have a",
        "start": 2306.88,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "variable that's a list like row you",
        "start": 2310.06,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "don't have to throw all of those",
        "start": 2312.46,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "variables into a list you can actually",
        "start": 2313.78,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "unpack that whole sequence at once that",
        "start": 2315.88,
        "duration": 4.739
    },
    {
        "text": "is to say if you know that a function",
        "start": 2319.06,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "like split returns a list but you know",
        "start": 2320.619,
        "duration": 5.041
    },
    {
        "text": "in advance that it's going to return two",
        "start": 2323.32,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "values in a list the first and the",
        "start": 2325.66,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "second you don't have to throw them all",
        "start": 2327.88,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "into a variable that itself is a list",
        "start": 2329.74,
        "duration": 3.859
    },
    {
        "text": "you can actually unpack them",
        "start": 2331.72,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "simultaneously into two variables doing",
        "start": 2333.599,
        "duration": 4.841
    },
    {
        "text": "name comma house so this is a nice",
        "start": 2335.98,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "python technique to not only create but",
        "start": 2338.44,
        "duration": 3.26
    },
    {
        "text": "assign",
        "start": 2340.599,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically in parallel two variables",
        "start": 2341.7,
        "duration": 5.8
    },
    {
        "text": "at once rather than just one so this",
        "start": 2345.04,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "will have the effect of putting the name",
        "start": 2347.5,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "in the left Hermione and it will have",
        "start": 2349.119,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "the effect of putting Gryffindor the",
        "start": 2351.04,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "house in the right variable and we now",
        "start": 2352.599,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "no longer have a row we can now make our",
        "start": 2354.7,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "code a little more readable by now",
        "start": 2356.619,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "literally just saying name down here and",
        "start": 2358.06,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "for instance house down here so just a",
        "start": 2360.4,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "little more readable even though",
        "start": 2362.56,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "functionally the code now is exactly the",
        "start": 2363.579,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "same",
        "start": 2367.119,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "all right so this now works and I'll",
        "start": 2368.26,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "confirm as much by just running it once",
        "start": 2370.78,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "more python of students.pi enter and we",
        "start": 2372.46,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "see that the text is as intended but",
        "start": 2375.04,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "suppose for the sake of discussion that",
        "start": 2377.74,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "I'd like to sort this list of output I'd",
        "start": 2379.48,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "like to say hello again to Draco first",
        "start": 2382.839,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "then hello to Harry then Hermione then",
        "start": 2384.94,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "Ron how can I go about doing this well",
        "start": 2387.22,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "let's take some inspiration from the",
        "start": 2389.98,
        "duration": 3.119
    },
    {
        "text": "previous example where we're only",
        "start": 2391.66,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "dealing with names and instead do it",
        "start": 2393.099,
        "duration": 5.641
    },
    {
        "text": "with these full phrases so and so is",
        "start": 2396.339,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "in-house well let me go ahead and do",
        "start": 2398.74,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "this I'm going to go ahead and start",
        "start": 2400.599,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "scratch and give myself a list called",
        "start": 2402.16,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "students equal to an empty list",
        "start": 2404.619,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "initially and then with open",
        "start": 2406.72,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "students.csv",
        "start": 2408.64,
        "duration": 4.979
    },
    {
        "text": "as file I'm going to go ahead and say",
        "start": 2411.099,
        "duration": 6.181
    },
    {
        "text": "this for line in file and then below",
        "start": 2413.619,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "this I'm going to do exactly as before",
        "start": 2417.28,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "name comma house equals the current line",
        "start": 2418.599,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "stripping off the white space at the end",
        "start": 2420.94,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "splitting it on a comma so that's exact",
        "start": 2423.04,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "same as before but this time before I go",
        "start": 2425.5,
        "duration": 7.2
    },
    {
        "text": "about uh printing the sentence I'm going",
        "start": 2428.98,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "to store it temporarily in a list so",
        "start": 2432.7,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "that I can accumulate all of these",
        "start": 2434.56,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "sentences and then sort them later so",
        "start": 2436.06,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "let me go ahead and do this students",
        "start": 2438.28,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "which is my list dot append let me",
        "start": 2440.2,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "append the actual sentence I want to",
        "start": 2443.319,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "show on the screen so another F string",
        "start": 2445.18,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "so name is in house just as before but",
        "start": 2446.859,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "notice I'm not printing that sentence",
        "start": 2450.7,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm appending it to my list not a file",
        "start": 2452.319,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "but to my list why am I doing this well",
        "start": 2455.14,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "just because as before I want to do this",
        "start": 2458.2,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "for student in the sorted students I",
        "start": 2460.0,
        "duration": 6.359
    },
    {
        "text": "want to go ahead and print out students",
        "start": 2464.02,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "like this well let me go ahead and run",
        "start": 2466.359,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "python of students.pi and hit enter now",
        "start": 2468.52,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "and I think we'll see indeed Draco is",
        "start": 2471.94,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "now first Harry a second Hermione is",
        "start": 2474.4,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "third and Ron is fourth but this is",
        "start": 2475.96,
        "duration": 6.659
    },
    {
        "text": "arguably a little sloppy right it seems",
        "start": 2479.26,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "a little hackish that I'm constructing",
        "start": 2482.619,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "these sentences and even though I'm",
        "start": 2484.3,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "technically want to sort by name I'm",
        "start": 2486.28,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "technically sorting by these whole",
        "start": 2489.46,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "English sentences so it's not wrong it's",
        "start": 2491.02,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "achieving the intended result but it's",
        "start": 2493.66,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "not really well designed because I'm",
        "start": 2496.06,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "just kind of getting lucky that English",
        "start": 2497.8,
        "duration": 3.059
    },
    {
        "text": "is reading from left to right and",
        "start": 2499.48,
        "duration": 2.639
    },
    {
        "text": "therefore when I print this out it's",
        "start": 2500.859,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting properly it would be better",
        "start": 2502.119,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "really to come up with a technique for",
        "start": 2504.52,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting by the students names not by",
        "start": 2506.26,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "some English sentence that I've",
        "start": 2509.44,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "constructed here on line six",
        "start": 2510.94,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "so to achieve this I'm going to need to",
        "start": 2513.28,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "make my life more complicated for a",
        "start": 2515.56,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "moment and I'm going to need to collect",
        "start": 2517.599,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "information about each student before I",
        "start": 2520.3,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "bother assembling that sentence so let",
        "start": 2523.359,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "me propose that we do this let me go",
        "start": 2525.16,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and undo these last few lines of",
        "start": 2527.38,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "code so that we currently have two",
        "start": 2529.359,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "variables name and house Each of which",
        "start": 2531.88,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "has name in the student's house",
        "start": 2534.46,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "respectively and we still have our",
        "start": 2535.72,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "Global variable students but let me do",
        "start": 2537.4,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "this recall that python supports",
        "start": 2539.98,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries and dictionaries are just",
        "start": 2541.78,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "collections of keys and values so you",
        "start": 2543.819,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "can associate something with something",
        "start": 2545.98,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "else like a name with Hermione like a",
        "start": 2547.72,
        "duration": 5.399
    },
    {
        "text": "house with Gryffindor that really is a",
        "start": 2550.66,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary so let me do this let me",
        "start": 2553.119,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "temporarily create a dictionary that",
        "start": 2555.04,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "stores this Association of name with",
        "start": 2557.74,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "house let me go ahead and do this let me",
        "start": 2560.2,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "say that the students here is going to",
        "start": 2562.54,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "be represented initially by an empty",
        "start": 2565.0,
        "duration": 2.819
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary and just like you could",
        "start": 2566.56,
        "duration": 2.34
    },
    {
        "text": "create an empty list with square",
        "start": 2567.819,
        "duration": 2.221
    },
    {
        "text": "brackets you can create an empty",
        "start": 2568.9,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary with curly braces so give me",
        "start": 2570.04,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "an empty diction missionary that will",
        "start": 2572.619,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "soon have two keys name and house how do",
        "start": 2574.3,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "I do that well I could do it this way",
        "start": 2577.48,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "student Open Bracket name",
        "start": 2579.099,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "equals the student's name that we got",
        "start": 2582.28,
        "duration": 5.24
    },
    {
        "text": "from the line student bracket house",
        "start": 2584.98,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "equals the house that we got from the",
        "start": 2587.52,
        "duration": 5.92
    },
    {
        "text": "line and now I'm going to append to the",
        "start": 2590.2,
        "duration": 6.6
    },
    {
        "text": "students list plural that particular",
        "start": 2593.44,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "student now why have I done this I've",
        "start": 2596.8,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "admittedly made my code more complicated",
        "start": 2599.079,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "it's more lines of code but I've now",
        "start": 2600.88,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "collected all of the information I have",
        "start": 2603.099,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "about students while still keeping track",
        "start": 2605.319,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "what's a name what's a house the list",
        "start": 2607.9,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "meanwhile has all of the students names",
        "start": 2610.48,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "and houses together now why have I done",
        "start": 2612.7,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "this well let me for the moment just do",
        "start": 2615.28,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "something simple let me do for students",
        "start": 2617.26,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "in students and let me very Simply Now",
        "start": 2619.66,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "say print the following F string the",
        "start": 2621.88,
        "duration": 6.38
    },
    {
        "text": "current student with this name",
        "start": 2625.42,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "uh is in",
        "start": 2628.26,
        "duration": 5.2
    },
    {
        "text": "this current student's house",
        "start": 2630.579,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "and now notice one detail inside of this",
        "start": 2633.46,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "F string I'm using my curly braces as",
        "start": 2636.339,
        "duration": 2.941
    },
    {
        "text": "always",
        "start": 2638.319,
        "duration": 3.121
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm using inside of those curly braces",
        "start": 2639.28,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "the name of a variable as always but",
        "start": 2641.44,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "then I'm using not bracket zero or one",
        "start": 2644.02,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "because these are dictionaries now not",
        "start": 2646.24,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "list but why am I using single quotes to",
        "start": 2648.16,
        "duration": 7.8
    },
    {
        "text": "surround house and to surround name",
        "start": 2651.819,
        "duration": 7.861
    },
    {
        "text": "why single quotes inside of this",
        "start": 2655.96,
        "duration": 6.659
    },
    {
        "text": "F string",
        "start": 2659.68,
        "duration": 7.8
    },
    {
        "text": "to access those Keys yes um because you",
        "start": 2662.619,
        "duration": 6.301
    },
    {
        "text": "have double quotes",
        "start": 2667.48,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "in that in that line 12 and so you have",
        "start": 2668.92,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "to tell python to differentiate exactly",
        "start": 2671.619,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "because I'm already using double quotes",
        "start": 2675.16,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "outside of the F string if I want to put",
        "start": 2676.599,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "quotes around any strings on the inside",
        "start": 2679.24,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "which I do need to do for dictionaries",
        "start": 2680.92,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "because recall when you index into a",
        "start": 2683.14,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary you don't use numbers like",
        "start": 2685.24,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "lists 0 1 2 onward you instead use",
        "start": 2687.16,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "strings which need to be quoted but if",
        "start": 2689.92,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "you're already using double quotes it's",
        "start": 2692.14,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "easiest to then use single quotes on the",
        "start": 2693.819,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "inside so python doesn't get confused",
        "start": 2695.619,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "about what lines up with what so at the",
        "start": 2697.42,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "moment when I run this program it's",
        "start": 2700.18,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "going to print out those hellos but",
        "start": 2702.52,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "they're not yet sorted in fact what I",
        "start": 2704.44,
        "duration": 6.419
    },
    {
        "text": "now have is a list of dictionaries and",
        "start": 2707.319,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "nothing is yet sorted but let me tighten",
        "start": 2710.859,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "up the code too to point out that it",
        "start": 2712.839,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "doesn't need to be quite as verbose if",
        "start": 2714.579,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "you're in the habit of creating an empty",
        "start": 2716.8,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary like this on line six and",
        "start": 2718.66,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "then immediately putting in two keys",
        "start": 2720.46,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "name and house each with two values name",
        "start": 2722.319,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "and house respectively you can actually",
        "start": 2724.78,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "do this all at once so let me show you a",
        "start": 2726.64,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "slightly different different syntax I",
        "start": 2728.38,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "can do this give me a variable called",
        "start": 2730.3,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "student and let me use curly braces on",
        "start": 2732.099,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "the right hand side here but instead of",
        "start": 2734.8,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "leaving them empty let's just Define",
        "start": 2736.24,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "those keys and those values now quote",
        "start": 2738.04,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote name will be name and quote",
        "start": 2740.5,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "unquote house will be house this",
        "start": 2743.14,
        "duration": 4.979
    },
    {
        "text": "achieves the exact same effect in one",
        "start": 2745.96,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "line instead of three it creates a new",
        "start": 2748.119,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "non-empty dictionary containing a name",
        "start": 2751.06,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "key the value of which is the student's",
        "start": 2753.28,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "name and a house key the value of which",
        "start": 2755.14,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "is the student's house nothing else",
        "start": 2757.24,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "needs to change that will still just",
        "start": 2759.22,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "work so that if I again run python if",
        "start": 2760.72,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi I'm still seeing those",
        "start": 2763.24,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "greetings but they're still not quite",
        "start": 2764.98,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "actually sorted well what might I go",
        "start": 2767.02,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "about doing here in order to what could",
        "start": 2770.14,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "I do to improve upon this further",
        "start": 2772.72,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "well we need some mechanism now of",
        "start": 2775.24,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "sorting those students but unfortunately",
        "start": 2778.359,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "you can't do this we can't sort all of",
        "start": 2781.0,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "the students now because those students",
        "start": 2784.839,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "are not names like they were before they",
        "start": 2787.42,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "aren't sentences like they were before",
        "start": 2789.46,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "each of the students is a dictionary and",
        "start": 2790.9,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "it's not obvious how you would sort a",
        "start": 2793.54,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary inside of a list so ideally",
        "start": 2795.46,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "what do we want to do if at the moment",
        "start": 2798.819,
        "duration": 5.821
    },
    {
        "text": "we hit line 9 we have a list of all of",
        "start": 2801.16,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "these students and inside of that list",
        "start": 2804.64,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "is one dictionary per student and each",
        "start": 2806.619,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "of those dictionaries has two keys name",
        "start": 2809.079,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "and house wouldn't it be nice if there",
        "start": 2811.3,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "were ran code to tell python sort this",
        "start": 2813.28,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "list by looking at this key in each",
        "start": 2816.4,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary because that would give this",
        "start": 2819.4,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "the ability to sort either by name or",
        "start": 2820.96,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "even by house or even by any other field",
        "start": 2823.599,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "that we add to that file so it turns out",
        "start": 2825.94,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "we can do this we can tell the sorted",
        "start": 2828.819,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "function not just to reverse things or",
        "start": 2831.46,
        "duration": 4.34
    },
    {
        "text": "not it takes another position National",
        "start": 2833.619,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "it takes another named parameter called",
        "start": 2835.8,
        "duration": 5.799
    },
    {
        "text": "key where you can specify what key",
        "start": 2838.96,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "should be used in order to sort some",
        "start": 2841.599,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "list of dictionaries and I'm going to",
        "start": 2844.3,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "propose that we do this I'm going to",
        "start": 2845.98,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "first Define a function temporarily for",
        "start": 2847.96,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "now called get name and this functions",
        "start": 2850.119,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "purpose in life given a student is to",
        "start": 2853.059,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "quite simply return the student's name",
        "start": 2855.7,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "from that particular dictionary so if",
        "start": 2858.22,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "student is a dictionary this is going to",
        "start": 2860.8,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "return literally the student's name and",
        "start": 2862.78,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "that's it that's the sole purpose of",
        "start": 2864.94,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "this function in life what do I now want",
        "start": 2866.8,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "to do well now that I have a function",
        "start": 2869.619,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "that given a student will return to me",
        "start": 2871.48,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "the student's name I can do this I can",
        "start": 2873.819,
        "duration": 5.821
    },
    {
        "text": "change sorted to say use a key that's",
        "start": 2876.46,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "equal to whatever the return value of",
        "start": 2879.64,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "get name is and this now is a feature of",
        "start": 2882.22,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "python python allows you to pass",
        "start": 2884.92,
        "duration": 6.54
    },
    {
        "text": "functions as arguments in two other",
        "start": 2887.859,
        "duration": 6.061
    },
    {
        "text": "functions so get name is a function",
        "start": 2891.46,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted is a function and I'm passing in",
        "start": 2893.92,
        "duration": 7.5
    },
    {
        "text": "get name to sort it as the value of that",
        "start": 2897.4,
        "duration": 6.9
    },
    {
        "text": "key parameter now why am I doing that",
        "start": 2901.42,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "well if you think of the get name",
        "start": 2904.3,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "function as just a bunch a block of code",
        "start": 2905.859,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "that will get the name of a student",
        "start": 2908.26,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "that's handy because that's the",
        "start": 2909.88,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "capability that sorted needs when given",
        "start": 2911.74,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "a list of students Each of which is a",
        "start": 2914.079,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary sorted needs to know how do I",
        "start": 2915.64,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "get the name of the student in order to",
        "start": 2918.04,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "do alphabetical sorting for you the",
        "start": 2919.48,
        "duration": 3.119
    },
    {
        "text": "authors of python didn't know that we",
        "start": 2921.16,
        "duration": 2.88
    },
    {
        "text": "were going to be creating students here",
        "start": 2922.599,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "in this class so they couldn't have",
        "start": 2924.04,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "anticipated writing code in advance that",
        "start": 2925.599,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "specifically sorts on a field called",
        "start": 2927.88,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "student let alone called name let alone",
        "start": 2929.5,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "house",
        "start": 2932.26,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "so what did they do they instead built",
        "start": 2933.4,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "into the sorted function this named",
        "start": 2936.22,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "parameter key that allows us all these",
        "start": 2938.619,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "years later to tell their function",
        "start": 2940.96,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted how to sort this list of",
        "start": 2942.94,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries so now watch what happens",
        "start": 2945.099,
        "duration": 5.701
    },
    {
        "text": "if I run python of students.pi and hit",
        "start": 2947.619,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "enter I now have a sorted list of output",
        "start": 2950.8,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "why because now that list of",
        "start": 2954.099,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries has all been sorted by the",
        "start": 2956.44,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "student's name",
        "start": 2959.38,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "I can further do this if as before we",
        "start": 2960.46,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "want to reverse the whole thing by",
        "start": 2963.04,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "saying reverse equals true we can do",
        "start": 2964.359,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "that too let me rerun python of",
        "start": 2966.22,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi and hit enter now it's",
        "start": 2967.78,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "reverse now it's Ron then Hermione Harry",
        "start": 2969.52,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "and Draco but we can do something",
        "start": 2971.74,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "different as well what if I want to sort",
        "start": 2973.599,
        "duration": 5.941
    },
    {
        "text": "for instance by house name reversed I",
        "start": 2976.3,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "could do this I could change this",
        "start": 2979.54,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "function from get name to get house I",
        "start": 2981.04,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "could change the implementation up here",
        "start": 2983.5,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "to be get house and I can return not the",
        "start": 2985.119,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "student's name but the student's house",
        "start": 2987.64,
        "duration": 5.66
    },
    {
        "text": "and so now notice if I run python of",
        "start": 2989.26,
        "duration": 7.44
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi enter notice now it is",
        "start": 2993.3,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted by house in reverse order",
        "start": 2996.7,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "Slytherin is first and then Gryffindor",
        "start": 2999.599,
        "duration": 5.321
    },
    {
        "text": "if I get rid of the reverse but keep the",
        "start": 3002.16,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "get house and rerun this program now",
        "start": 3004.92,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "it's sorted by house gryffindors first",
        "start": 3007.5,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "and Slytherin is last and the upside now",
        "start": 3010.559,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "of this is because I'm using this list",
        "start": 3013.02,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "of dictionaries and keeping the students",
        "start": 3015.0,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "data together until the last minute when",
        "start": 3017.52,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm finally do doing the printing I now",
        "start": 3019.859,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "have full control over the information",
        "start": 3021.9,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "itself and I can sort by this or that I",
        "start": 3023.579,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "don't have to construct construct those",
        "start": 3026.099,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "sentences in advance like I rather",
        "start": 3027.54,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "hackishly did the first time all right",
        "start": 3029.4,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "that was a lot let me pause here to see",
        "start": 3031.92,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "if there are questions",
        "start": 3033.9,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "so when when we're starting the files",
        "start": 3036.059,
        "duration": 5.901
    },
    {
        "text": "should we every time should we use the",
        "start": 3038.64,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "loops or",
        "start": 3041.96,
        "duration": 5.619
    },
    {
        "text": "like uh like a dictionary or or any kind",
        "start": 3044.099,
        "duration": 7.681
    },
    {
        "text": "of list can be sort by just sorting not",
        "start": 3047.579,
        "duration": 6.181
    },
    {
        "text": "looping or",
        "start": 3051.78,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "any kind of stuff a good question and",
        "start": 3053.76,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "the short answer with python alone",
        "start": 3057.18,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "you're the programmer you need to do the",
        "start": 3059.28,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "Sorting with libraries and other",
        "start": 3061.5,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "techniques absolutely you can do more of",
        "start": 3063.839,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "this automatically because someone else",
        "start": 3066.059,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "has written that code what we're doing",
        "start": 3068.04,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "at the moment is doing everything from",
        "start": 3069.9,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "scratch ourselves but absolutely with",
        "start": 3071.46,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "other functions or libraries some of",
        "start": 3073.319,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "this could be made uh more uh easily",
        "start": 3074.76,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "done some of this could be made easier",
        "start": 3077.579,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "other questions",
        "start": 3080.099,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "on this technique here it's equal to the",
        "start": 3081.9,
        "duration": 7.02
    },
    {
        "text": "returned value of the function can it be",
        "start": 3084.96,
        "duration": 10.32
    },
    {
        "text": "equal to uh just uh a variable or a",
        "start": 3088.92,
        "duration": 9.12
    },
    {
        "text": "value it well yes it should equal a",
        "start": 3095.28,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "value so I'm speci and I should clarify",
        "start": 3098.04,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "actually since this was not obvious",
        "start": 3100.26,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "so when you pass in a function like get",
        "start": 3102.66,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "name or get house to the sorted function",
        "start": 3105.42,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "as the value of key that function is",
        "start": 3108.18,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically called by the get by the",
        "start": 3111.0,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted function for you on each of the",
        "start": 3114.48,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries in the list and it uses the",
        "start": 3117.24,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "return value of get name or get house to",
        "start": 3120.059,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "decide what strings to actually use to",
        "start": 3122.46,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "compare in order to decide which is",
        "start": 3125.46,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "alphabetically correct so this function",
        "start": 3127.74,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "which you pass just by name you do not",
        "start": 3130.2,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "pass in parentheses at the end is called",
        "start": 3132.48,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "by the sorted function in order to",
        "start": 3135.3,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "figure out for you how to compare these",
        "start": 3137.46,
        "duration": 6.359
    },
    {
        "text": "same values how can we use nested",
        "start": 3140.4,
        "duration": 7.5
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries I have read about the",
        "start": 3143.819,
        "duration": 5.821
    },
    {
        "text": "nested dictionaries what is the",
        "start": 3147.9,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "difference between nested dictionaries",
        "start": 3149.64,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "and the dictionary inside a list I think",
        "start": 3151.5,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "it is sure",
        "start": 3154.92,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "um uh so we are using a list of",
        "start": 3156.54,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries why because each of those",
        "start": 3158.76,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries represents a student and a",
        "start": 3160.8,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "student has a name and a house and we",
        "start": 3162.599,
        "duration": 3.361
    },
    {
        "text": "want to I claim maintain that",
        "start": 3164.52,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "Association and it's a list of students",
        "start": 3165.96,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "because we've got multiple students four",
        "start": 3168.059,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "in this case you could create us a",
        "start": 3169.68,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "structure that is a dictionary of",
        "start": 3172.559,
        "duration": 3.121
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries but I would argue it just",
        "start": 3174.059,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "doesn't solve a problem I don't need a",
        "start": 3175.68,
        "duration": 3.179
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary of dictionary I need a list",
        "start": 3177.359,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "of key value pairs right now that's all",
        "start": 3178.859,
        "duration": 5.301
    },
    {
        "text": "so let me propose if we go back to",
        "start": 3181.92,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi here and we revert back to",
        "start": 3184.16,
        "duration": 5.199
    },
    {
        "text": "the approach where we have get name as",
        "start": 3186.839,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "the function both used and defined here",
        "start": 3189.359,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "and that function Returns the student's",
        "start": 3192.18,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "name what happens to be clear is that",
        "start": 3194.28,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "the sorted function will use the value",
        "start": 3196.859,
        "duration": 5.941
    },
    {
        "text": "of key get name in this case calling",
        "start": 3199.8,
        "duration": 5.759
    },
    {
        "text": "that function on every dictionary in the",
        "start": 3202.8,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "list that it's supposed to soar and that",
        "start": 3205.559,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "function get name Returns the string",
        "start": 3208.26,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "that sorted will actually use to decide",
        "start": 3210.9,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "whether things go in this order left",
        "start": 3213.059,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "right or in this order right left it",
        "start": 3214.619,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "alphabetizes things based on that return",
        "start": 3216.9,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "value so notice that I'm not calling the",
        "start": 3219.0,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "function get name here with parentheses",
        "start": 3221.94,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm passing it in only by its name so",
        "start": 3223.8,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "that the sorted function can call that",
        "start": 3226.079,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "get name function for me now it turns",
        "start": 3228.9,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "out as always if you're defining",
        "start": 3231.66,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "something be it a variable or in this",
        "start": 3233.579,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "case a function and then immediately",
        "start": 3235.079,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "using it but never once again needing",
        "start": 3237.18,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "the name of that function like get name",
        "start": 3240.359,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "we can actually tighten this code up",
        "start": 3242.4,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "further I can actually do this I can get",
        "start": 3244.5,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "rid of the get name function altogether",
        "start": 3246.96,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "just like I could get rid of a variable",
        "start": 3248.76,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "that isn't strictly necessary and",
        "start": 3250.98,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "instead of passing key the name of a",
        "start": 3253.26,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "function I can actually Pass Key what's",
        "start": 3255.72,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "called an a Lambda function which is an",
        "start": 3258.54,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "anonymous function a function that just",
        "start": 3260.94,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "has no name why because you don't need",
        "start": 3262.74,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "to give it a name if you're only going",
        "start": 3264.839,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "to call it in one place and the syntax",
        "start": 3266.339,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "for this in Python is a little weird but",
        "start": 3268.559,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "if I do key equals literally the word",
        "start": 3270.48,
        "duration": 5.639
    },
    {
        "text": "Lambda then something like student which",
        "start": 3273.119,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "is the name of the parameter I expect",
        "start": 3276.119,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "this function to take and then I don't",
        "start": 3277.92,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "even type the return key i instead just",
        "start": 3280.2,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "say student bracket name so what am I",
        "start": 3282.48,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "doing here with my code this code here",
        "start": 3286.14,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "that I've highlighted is equivalent to",
        "start": 3288.78,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "the get name function I implemented a",
        "start": 3291.359,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "moment ago the syntax is admittedly a",
        "start": 3293.579,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "little different I don't use def I",
        "start": 3295.799,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "didn't even give it a name like get name",
        "start": 3297.66,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "i instead I'm using this other keyword",
        "start": 3299.339,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "in pi python called Lambda which says",
        "start": 3301.44,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "Hey python here comes a function but it",
        "start": 3303.839,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "has no name it's Anonymous that function",
        "start": 3306.059,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "takes a parameter I could call it",
        "start": 3308.579,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "anything I want I'm calling it student",
        "start": 3310.799,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "why because this function that's passed",
        "start": 3312.54,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "in as key is called on every one of the",
        "start": 3315.54,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "students in that list every one of the",
        "start": 3318.839,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries in that list what do I want",
        "start": 3320.7,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "this Anonymous function to return well",
        "start": 3323.22,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "given a student I want to index into",
        "start": 3325.319,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "that dictionary and access their name so",
        "start": 3327.72,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "that the string Hermione and Harry and",
        "start": 3330.299,
        "duration": 4.981
    },
    {
        "text": "Ron and Draco is ultimately returned and",
        "start": 3332.64,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "that's what the sorted function uses to",
        "start": 3335.28,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "decide how to sort these bigger",
        "start": 3337.26,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries that have other Keys like",
        "start": 3339.78,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "house as well",
        "start": 3341.76,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "so if I now go back to my terminal",
        "start": 3343.5,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "window and run python of students.pi it",
        "start": 3345.48,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "still seems to work the same but it's",
        "start": 3348.0,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "arguably a little better design because",
        "start": 3350.7,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "I didn't waste lines of Code by defining",
        "start": 3352.38,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "some other function calling it in one",
        "start": 3354.299,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "and only one place I've done it all sort",
        "start": 3356.04,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "of in one breath if you will",
        "start": 3358.619,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "all right let me pause here to see if",
        "start": 3361.02,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "there's any questions specifically about",
        "start": 3362.339,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "Lambda or Anonymous functions and this",
        "start": 3364.38,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "tightening up of the code",
        "start": 3367.799,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "and I have one question like whether we",
        "start": 3369.9,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "could Define Lambda twice",
        "start": 3372.299,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "can you you can use Lambda twice you can",
        "start": 3374.819,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "create as many Anonymous functions as",
        "start": 3377.52,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "you'd like and you generally use them in",
        "start": 3379.319,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "context like this where you want to pass",
        "start": 3381.96,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "to some other function a function that",
        "start": 3383.579,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "itself does not need a name so you can",
        "start": 3386.339,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "absolutely use it in more than one place",
        "start": 3388.68,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "I just have only one use case for it how",
        "start": 3390.48,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "about one other question on Lambda or",
        "start": 3392.819,
        "duration": 3.961
    },
    {
        "text": "Anonymous functions specifically what",
        "start": 3394.68,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "what if our Lambda would take more than",
        "start": 3396.78,
        "duration": 8.4
    },
    {
        "text": "one line for example if sure if your",
        "start": 3400.92,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "Lambda function takes multiple",
        "start": 3405.18,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "parameters that is fine you can simply",
        "start": 3406.5,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "specify commas followed by the names of",
        "start": 3408.72,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "those parameters maybe X and Y or so",
        "start": 3411.78,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "forth after the name student so here too",
        "start": 3414.0,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "Lambda looks a little different from",
        "start": 3416.7,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "Death in that you don't have parentheses",
        "start": 3418.38,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "you don't have the keyword def you don't",
        "start": 3420.66,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "have a function name but ultimately they",
        "start": 3422.04,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "achieve that same effect they create a",
        "start": 3423.96,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "function anonymously and allow you to",
        "start": 3425.64,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "pass it in for instance as some value",
        "start": 3428.22,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "here so let's now change students.csv to",
        "start": 3430.079,
        "duration": 5.941
    },
    {
        "text": "contain not students houses at Hogwarts",
        "start": 3433.74,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "but their homes where they grew up so",
        "start": 3436.02,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "Draco for instance grew up in Malfoy",
        "start": 3438.0,
        "duration": 6.54
    },
    {
        "text": "Manor Ron grew up in the borough Harry",
        "start": 3440.22,
        "duration": 7.5
    },
    {
        "text": "grew up in uh number four",
        "start": 3444.54,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "privet drive and according to the",
        "start": 3447.72,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "internet no one knows where Hermione",
        "start": 3450.839,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "grew up the movies apparently took",
        "start": 3452.7,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "certain liberties with where she grew up",
        "start": 3454.44,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "so for this purpose we're actually going",
        "start": 3455.94,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "to remove Hermione because it is unknown",
        "start": 3457.38,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "exactly where she was born so we still",
        "start": 3459.299,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "have some three students but if anyone",
        "start": 3461.46,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "can spot the potential problem now",
        "start": 3463.98,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "how might this be a bad thing well let's",
        "start": 3467.64,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "go and try and run our own code here let",
        "start": 3470.22,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "me go back to students.pi here and let",
        "start": 3471.96,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "me propose that I just changed my",
        "start": 3474.42,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "semantics because I'm now not thinking",
        "start": 3475.799,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "about Hogwarts houses but the students",
        "start": 3477.54,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "own home so I'm just going to change",
        "start": 3479.7,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "some variables I'm going to change this",
        "start": 3480.96,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "house to a home this house to a home as",
        "start": 3483.18,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "well as this one here I'm still going to",
        "start": 3486.24,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "sort the students by name but I'm going",
        "start": 3488.339,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "to say that they're not in a house but",
        "start": 3490.2,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "rather from a home so I've just changed",
        "start": 3492.599,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "the names of my variables in my grammar",
        "start": 3495.18,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "in English here ultimately to print out",
        "start": 3497.04,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "that for instance Harry is from number",
        "start": 3499.2,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "four privet drive and so forth but let's",
        "start": 3501.48,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "see what happens here when I run python",
        "start": 3504.299,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "of this version of students.pi having",
        "start": 3506.4,
        "duration": 5.459
    },
    {
        "text": "changed students.csv to contain those",
        "start": 3508.44,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "homes and not houses enter",
        "start": 3511.859,
        "duration": 6.421
    },
    {
        "text": "huh our first value error like the",
        "start": 3514.74,
        "duration": 6.9
    },
    {
        "text": "program just doesn't work What might",
        "start": 3518.28,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "explain this value error the explanation",
        "start": 3521.64,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "of which rather cryptically is too many",
        "start": 3524.04,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "values to unpack and the line in",
        "start": 3526.98,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "question is this one involving split how",
        "start": 3529.2,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "did all of a sudden after all of these",
        "start": 3533.16,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "successful runs of this program did line",
        "start": 3535.5,
        "duration": 6.079
    },
    {
        "text": "five suddenly now break in the line",
        "start": 3537.9,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "instruments.csv you have three values",
        "start": 3541.579,
        "duration": 3.941
    },
    {
        "text": "there's a line that you have three",
        "start": 3544.2,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "values and incident yeah I spent a lot",
        "start": 3545.52,
        "duration": 5.819
    },
    {
        "text": "of time trying to figure out where every",
        "start": 3549.299,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "student should be from so that we could",
        "start": 3551.339,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "create this problem for us and",
        "start": 3553.079,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "wonderfully like the first sentence of",
        "start": 3554.819,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "the book is number four privet drive and",
        "start": 3556.5,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "so the fact that that address has a",
        "start": 3559.559,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "comma in it is problematic why because",
        "start": 3561.359,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "you and I decided some time ago to just",
        "start": 3563.88,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "standardize on commas CSV comma",
        "start": 3566.04,
        "duration": 7.44
    },
    {
        "text": "separated values to denote the uh",
        "start": 3568.319,
        "duration": 7.141
    },
    {
        "text": "we standardized on commas in order to",
        "start": 3573.48,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "delineate one value from another and if",
        "start": 3575.46,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "we have commas grammatically in the",
        "start": 3578.22,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "student's home we're clearly confusing",
        "start": 3580.98,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "it as this special symbol and the split",
        "start": 3583.26,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "function is now for just Harry trying to",
        "start": 3585.48,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "split it into three values not just two",
        "start": 3588.18,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "and that's why there's too many values",
        "start": 3590.76,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "to unpack because we're only trying to",
        "start": 3592.74,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "assign two variables name and house now",
        "start": 3595.14,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "what could we do here well we could just",
        "start": 3598.38,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "change our approach for instance like",
        "start": 3600.24,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "one Paradigm that is not uncommon is to",
        "start": 3602.16,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "use something a little more",
        "start": 3604.5,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "a little less common like a vertical bar",
        "start": 3607.44,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "so I could go in and change all of my",
        "start": 3610.02,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "commas to Vertical bars that too could",
        "start": 3612.119,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "eventually come back to bite Us in that",
        "start": 3614.46,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "if my file eventually has vertical bar",
        "start": 3616.14,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "somewhere it might still break so maybe",
        "start": 3618.059,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "that's not the best approach I could",
        "start": 3620.04,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "maybe do something like this I could",
        "start": 3621.96,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "escape the data as I've done in the past",
        "start": 3623.64,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "and maybe I could put quotes around any",
        "start": 3625.74,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "English string that itself contains the",
        "start": 3628.92,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "comma and that's fine I could do that",
        "start": 3631.92,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "but then my code students.pi is going to",
        "start": 3634.02,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "have to change too because I can't just",
        "start": 3637.14,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "naively split on a comma Now I'm going",
        "start": 3639.059,
        "duration": 4.981
    },
    {
        "text": "to have to be smarter about it I'm going",
        "start": 3641.88,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "to have to take into account split only",
        "start": 3644.04,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "on the commas that are not inside of",
        "start": 3646.02,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "quotes and oh it's getting complicated",
        "start": 3648.42,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "fast and at this point you need to take",
        "start": 3650.579,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "a step back and consider you know what",
        "start": 3652.74,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "if we're having this problem odds are",
        "start": 3654.24,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "many other people before us have had the",
        "start": 3656.4,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "same problem it is incredibly common to",
        "start": 3658.74,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "store data in files it is incredibly",
        "start": 3661.44,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "common to use CSV files specifically and",
        "start": 3663.48,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "so you know what why don't we see if",
        "start": 3666.72,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "there's a library in Python that exists",
        "start": 3669.059,
        "duration": 6.121
    },
    {
        "text": "to read and or write CSV files rather",
        "start": 3671.46,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "than reinvent a wheel so to speak let's",
        "start": 3675.18,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "see if we can write better code by",
        "start": 3677.28,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "standing on the shoulders of others who",
        "start": 3678.96,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "have come before us programmers passed",
        "start": 3680.64,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "and actually use their code to do the",
        "start": 3682.559,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "reading and writing of csvs so we can",
        "start": 3684.72,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "focus on the part of our problem that",
        "start": 3686.819,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "you and I care about so let's propose",
        "start": 3689.04,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "that we go back to our code here and see",
        "start": 3691.2,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "how we might use the CSV Library indeed",
        "start": 3693.78,
        "duration": 5.519
    },
    {
        "text": "within python there is a module called",
        "start": 3696.359,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "CSV the documentation for it is at this",
        "start": 3699.299,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "URL here in Python's official",
        "start": 3702.359,
        "duration": 3.181
    },
    {
        "text": "documentation but there's a few",
        "start": 3703.98,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "functions that are pretty readily",
        "start": 3705.54,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "accessible if we just Dive Right In and",
        "start": 3707.64,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "let me propose that we do this let me go",
        "start": 3710.339,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "back to my code here and instead of",
        "start": 3712.5,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "Reinventing this wheel and reading the",
        "start": 3715.02,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "file line by line and splitting on",
        "start": 3717.359,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "commas and dealing now with quotes and",
        "start": 3719.339,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "privet drives and so forth let's do this",
        "start": 3721.559,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "instead at the start of my program let",
        "start": 3724.02,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "me go up and import the CSV module let's",
        "start": 3727.02,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "use this library that someone else has",
        "start": 3730.5,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "written that's dealing with all of these",
        "start": 3732.66,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "Corner cases if you will I'm still going",
        "start": 3734.579,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "to give myself a list initially empty in",
        "start": 3736.799,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "which to store all these students but",
        "start": 3739.2,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to change my Approach here now",
        "start": 3741.0,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "just a little bit when I open this file",
        "start": 3742.799,
        "duration": 6.121
    },
    {
        "text": "with with let me go in here and change",
        "start": 3745.74,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "this a little bit I'm going to go in",
        "start": 3748.92,
        "duration": 4.52
    },
    {
        "text": "here now and say this",
        "start": 3751.02,
        "duration": 6.539
    },
    {
        "text": "reader equals CSV dot reader passing in",
        "start": 3753.44,
        "duration": 6.46
    },
    {
        "text": "file as input so it turns out if you",
        "start": 3757.559,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "read the documentation for the CSV",
        "start": 3759.9,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "module it comes with a function called",
        "start": 3761.64,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "reader whose purpose in life is to read",
        "start": 3763.92,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "a CSV file for you and figure out where",
        "start": 3766.319,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "are the commas where are the quotes",
        "start": 3769.44,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "where are all the the potential Corner",
        "start": 3771.0,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "cases and just deal with them for you",
        "start": 3773.22,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "you can override certain defaults or",
        "start": 3775.14,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "assumptions in case you're using not a",
        "start": 3777.119,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "comma but a pipe or something else but",
        "start": 3778.68,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "by default I think it's just going to",
        "start": 3780.599,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "work now how do I iterate over a reader",
        "start": 3782.339,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "and not the raw file itself it's almost",
        "start": 3785.339,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "the same the library allows you still to",
        "start": 3787.5,
        "duration": 6.059
    },
    {
        "text": "do this for each row in the reader so",
        "start": 3789.599,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "you're not iterating over the file",
        "start": 3793.559,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "directly now you're iterating over the",
        "start": 3795.0,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "reader which is again going to handle",
        "start": 3797.099,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "all of the parsing of commas and new",
        "start": 3798.72,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "lines and more for each row in the",
        "start": 3801.119,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "reader what am I going to do well at the",
        "start": 3803.339,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "moment I'm going to do this I'm going to",
        "start": 3805.92,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "append to my students list the following",
        "start": 3807.72,
        "duration": 5.399
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary a dictionary that has a name",
        "start": 3810.599,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "whose value is the current Row's First",
        "start": 3813.119,
        "duration": 5.641
    },
    {
        "text": "Column and whose house or rather home",
        "start": 3815.88,
        "duration": 6.479
    },
    {
        "text": "now is the Rose second column now it's",
        "start": 3818.76,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "worth noting that the reader for each",
        "start": 3822.359,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "line in the file indeed returns to me a",
        "start": 3825.059,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "row but it returns to me a row that's a",
        "start": 3827.22,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "list which is to say that the first",
        "start": 3829.44,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "element of that list is going to be the",
        "start": 3831.299,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "student's name as before the second",
        "start": 3833.039,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "element of that list is going to be the",
        "start": 3835.14,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "student's home as now before but if I",
        "start": 3836.88,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "want to access each of those elements",
        "start": 3840.9,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "remember that lists are zero indexed we",
        "start": 3842.28,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "start counting at zero and then one",
        "start": 3844.44,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "rather than one and then two so if I",
        "start": 3846.0,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "want to get at the student's name I use",
        "start": 3847.98,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "Row Bracket zero and if I want to get at",
        "start": 3849.359,
        "duration": 3.541
    },
    {
        "text": "the student's home I use Row Bracket one",
        "start": 3851.22,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "but in my for Loop we can do that same",
        "start": 3852.9,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "unpacking as before if I know this CSV",
        "start": 3855.66,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "is only going to have two columns I",
        "start": 3858.42,
        "duration": 6.119
    },
    {
        "text": "could even do this for name home in",
        "start": 3861.24,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "reader and now I don't need to use list",
        "start": 3864.539,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "notation I can unpack things all at once",
        "start": 3867.18,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "and say name here and home here the rest",
        "start": 3869.339,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "of my code can stay exactly the same",
        "start": 3873.0,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "because what am I doing now on line a",
        "start": 3874.859,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm still constructing the same",
        "start": 3876.72,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary as before albeit for homes",
        "start": 3878.579,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "instead of houses and I'm grabbing those",
        "start": 3880.68,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "values now not from the file itself and",
        "start": 3883.14,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "my use of split but the reader and again",
        "start": 3885.359,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "what the reader is going to do is figure",
        "start": 3887.52,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "out where are those commas where are the",
        "start": 3889.2,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "quotes and just solve that problem for",
        "start": 3891.059,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "you so let me go now down to my terminal",
        "start": 3893.22,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "window and run python of students.pi and",
        "start": 3895.319,
        "duration": 5.121
    },
    {
        "text": "hit enter and now we see successfully",
        "start": 3897.72,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "sorted no less that Draco is from",
        "start": 3900.44,
        "duration": 5.08
    },
    {
        "text": "malform Manor Harry is from number four",
        "start": 3903.059,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "comma privet drive and Ron is from the",
        "start": 3905.52,
        "duration": 6.72
    },
    {
        "text": "borough questions now on this technique",
        "start": 3908.94,
        "duration": 7.74
    },
    {
        "text": "of using CSV reader from that CSV module",
        "start": 3912.24,
        "duration": 6.72
    },
    {
        "text": "which again is just getting us out of",
        "start": 3916.68,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "the business of reading each line",
        "start": 3918.96,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "ourself and reading each of those commas",
        "start": 3920.46,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "and splitting so my questions related to",
        "start": 3922.619,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "Something in the past",
        "start": 3925.2,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "um I recognize that you are reading a",
        "start": 3927.24,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "file every time you well you we're",
        "start": 3930.0,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "assuming that we have the CSV file to",
        "start": 3933.48,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "hand already in this case",
        "start": 3936.24,
        "duration": 6.26
    },
    {
        "text": "um is it possible to make a file",
        "start": 3939.0,
        "duration": 7.74
    },
    {
        "text": "readable and writable so in in in case",
        "start": 3942.5,
        "duration": 7.0
    },
    {
        "text": "if you want you could you could write",
        "start": 3946.74,
        "duration": 5.879
    },
    {
        "text": "some stuff to the file but then at the",
        "start": 3949.5,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "same time you could have another",
        "start": 3952.619,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "function that reads through the phone",
        "start": 3953.76,
        "duration": 5.039
    },
    {
        "text": "that's changes to it as you go along a",
        "start": 3956.099,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "really good question and the short",
        "start": 3958.799,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "answer is yes however historically the",
        "start": 3960.059,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "mental model for a file is that of a",
        "start": 3962.64,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "cassette tape years ago not really in",
        "start": 3964.44,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "use anymore but cassette tapes are",
        "start": 3966.359,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "sequential whereby they start at the",
        "start": 3968.7,
        "duration": 2.879
    },
    {
        "text": "beginning and if you want to get to the",
        "start": 3970.38,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "end you kind of have to unwind the tape",
        "start": 3971.579,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "to get to that point the closest analog",
        "start": 3973.799,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "nowadays would be something like Netflix",
        "start": 3975.66,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "or any streaming service where there's a",
        "start": 3977.22,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "scrubber that you have to go left to",
        "start": 3979.26,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "right you can't just jump there or jump",
        "start": 3980.94,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "there you don't have Random Access so",
        "start": 3982.68,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "the problem with files if you want to",
        "start": 3984.839,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "read and write them you or some Library",
        "start": 3986.339,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "needs to keep track of where you are in",
        "start": 3988.559,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "the file so that if you're reading from",
        "start": 3990.66,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "the top and then you write at the bottom",
        "start": 3992.099,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "and you want to start reading again you",
        "start": 3994.2,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "seek back to the beginning so it's not",
        "start": 3995.7,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "something we'll do here in class it's",
        "start": 3997.74,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "more involved but it's absolutely doable",
        "start": 3999.119,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "for our purposes we'll generally",
        "start": 4001.099,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "recommend read the file and then if you",
        "start": 4003.2,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "want to change it write it back out",
        "start": 4005.119,
        "duration": 2.7
    },
    {
        "text": "rather than trying to make more",
        "start": 4006.5,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "piecemeal changes which is good if",
        "start": 4007.819,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "though the file is massive and it would",
        "start": 4010.28,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "just be very expensive time wise to",
        "start": 4012.26,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "change the whole thing other questions",
        "start": 4014.42,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "on this CSV reader",
        "start": 4016.28,
        "duration": 8.22
    },
    {
        "text": "is possible to write a paragraph in that",
        "start": 4019.52,
        "duration": 5.819
    },
    {
        "text": "file",
        "start": 4024.5,
        "duration": 3.119
    },
    {
        "text": "absolutely right now I'm writing very",
        "start": 4025.339,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "small strings just names or houses as I",
        "start": 4027.619,
        "duration": 4.021
    },
    {
        "text": "did before but you can absolutely write",
        "start": 4029.96,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "as much text as you want",
        "start": 4031.64,
        "duration": 3.959
    },
    {
        "text": "indeed",
        "start": 4034.099,
        "duration": 5.541
    },
    {
        "text": "other questions on CSV reader",
        "start": 4035.599,
        "duration": 4.041
    },
    {
        "text": "IP like input key will be your name or",
        "start": 4041.74,
        "duration": 7.78
    },
    {
        "text": "home so short answer yes we could",
        "start": 4046.16,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "absolutely write a program that prompts",
        "start": 4049.52,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "the user for a name and a home a name",
        "start": 4051.26,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "and a home and we could write out those",
        "start": 4053.9,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "values and in a moment we'll see how you",
        "start": 4055.4,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "can write to a CSV file for now I'm",
        "start": 4057.02,
        "duration": 5.96
    },
    {
        "text": "assuming as the programmer who created",
        "start": 4060.2,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "students.csv that I know what the",
        "start": 4062.98,
        "duration": 3.76
    },
    {
        "text": "columns are going to be and therefore",
        "start": 4065.24,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm naming my variables accordingly",
        "start": 4066.74,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "however this is a good segue to one",
        "start": 4068.539,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "final feature of reading csvs which is",
        "start": 4071.059,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "that you don't have to rely on either",
        "start": 4073.64,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "getting a row as a list and using",
        "start": 4075.619,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "bracket zero or bracket one and you",
        "start": 4078.079,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "don't have to unpack things manually in",
        "start": 4080.299,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "this way we could actually be smarter",
        "start": 4082.099,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "and start storing the names of these",
        "start": 4084.2,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "columns in the CSV file itself and in",
        "start": 4086.24,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "fact if any of you have ever opened a",
        "start": 4088.94,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "spreadsheet file before be it in Excel",
        "start": 4090.68,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "Apple Numbers Google spreadsheets or the",
        "start": 4092.96,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "like all odds are you've noticed that",
        "start": 4095.119,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "the first row very frequently is a",
        "start": 4096.98,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "little different it actually is bold",
        "start": 4099.44,
        "duration": 3.419
    },
    {
        "text": "face sometimes or it actually contains",
        "start": 4101.06,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "the names of those columns the names of",
        "start": 4102.859,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "those attributes below and we can do",
        "start": 4105.259,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "this here and students.csv I don't have",
        "start": 4107.54,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "to just keep assuming that the student's",
        "start": 4110.06,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "name is first and that the student's",
        "start": 4111.859,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "home is second I can explicitly bake",
        "start": 4113.96,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "that information into the file just to",
        "start": 4116.6,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "reduce the probability of mistakes down",
        "start": 4119.42,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "the road I can literally use the first",
        "start": 4121.4,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "row of this file and say name comma home",
        "start": 4123.38,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "so notice that",
        "start": 4126.56,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "name is not literally someone's name and",
        "start": 4128.659,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "home is not literally someone's home it",
        "start": 4130.88,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "is literally the words name and home",
        "start": 4132.56,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "separated by a comma and if I now go",
        "start": 4135.199,
        "duration": 5.761
    },
    {
        "text": "back into students.pi and don't use CSV",
        "start": 4138.08,
        "duration": 5.759
    },
    {
        "text": "reader but instead I use a dictionary",
        "start": 4140.96,
        "duration": 6.54
    },
    {
        "text": "reader I can actually treat my CSV file",
        "start": 4143.839,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "even more flexibly not just for this but",
        "start": 4147.5,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "for other examples too let me do this",
        "start": 4149.359,
        "duration": 5.041
    },
    {
        "text": "instead of using a CSV reader let me use",
        "start": 4151.58,
        "duration": 6.36
    },
    {
        "text": "a CSV dict reader which will now iterate",
        "start": 4154.4,
        "duration": 6.419
    },
    {
        "text": "over the file top to bottom loading in",
        "start": 4157.94,
        "duration": 5.759
    },
    {
        "text": "each line of text not as a list of",
        "start": 4160.819,
        "duration": 5.761
    },
    {
        "text": "columns but as a dictionary of columns",
        "start": 4163.699,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "what's nice about this is that it's",
        "start": 4166.58,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "going to give me automatic access now to",
        "start": 4168.319,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "those columns names I'm going to revert",
        "start": 4170.659,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "to just saying for Row in reader and now",
        "start": 4173.179,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to append a name and a home",
        "start": 4176.179,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "but how am I going to get access to the",
        "start": 4178.159,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "current rows name and the current rows",
        "start": 4180.56,
        "duration": 6.659
    },
    {
        "text": "home well earlier I use bracket zero for",
        "start": 4184.04,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "the first and bracket one for the second",
        "start": 4187.219,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "when I was using a reader a reader",
        "start": 4188.6,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "returns lists addict reader or",
        "start": 4191.54,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary reader returns dictionaries",
        "start": 4193.94,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "one at a time and so if I want to access",
        "start": 4196.46,
        "duration": 5.759
    },
    {
        "text": "the current Row's name I can say row",
        "start": 4199.82,
        "duration": 4.859
    },
    {
        "text": "quote unquote name I can say here for",
        "start": 4202.219,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "home row quote-unquote home and I now",
        "start": 4204.679,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "have access to those same values the",
        "start": 4207.5,
        "duration": 3.239
    },
    {
        "text": "only change I had to make to be clear",
        "start": 4209.48,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "was in my CSV file I had to include on",
        "start": 4210.739,
        "duration": 5.701
    },
    {
        "text": "the very first row little hints as to",
        "start": 4213.92,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "what these columns are and if I now run",
        "start": 4216.44,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "this code I think it should behave",
        "start": 4218.9,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "pretty much the same python of",
        "start": 4220.64,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi and indeed we get the same",
        "start": 4222.32,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "sentences but now my code is more robust",
        "start": 4224.54,
        "duration": 6.179
    },
    {
        "text": "against changes in this data if I were",
        "start": 4228.08,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "to open the CSV file in Excel or Google",
        "start": 4230.719,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "spreadsheets or apple numbers and for",
        "start": 4233.36,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "whatever reason change the columns",
        "start": 4235.34,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "around maybe this is a file that you're",
        "start": 4237.26,
        "duration": 2.939
    },
    {
        "text": "sharing with someone else and just",
        "start": 4238.88,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "because they decide to sort things",
        "start": 4240.199,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "differently left to right by moving the",
        "start": 4242.12,
        "duration": 3.0
    },
    {
        "text": "columns around",
        "start": 4243.92,
        "duration": 3.239
    },
    {
        "text": "previously my code would have broken",
        "start": 4245.12,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "because I was assuming that name is",
        "start": 4247.159,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "always first and home is always second",
        "start": 4249.26,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "but if I did this be it manually in one",
        "start": 4251.659,
        "duration": 5.461
    },
    {
        "text": "of those programs or here home comma",
        "start": 4255.32,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "name and suppose I reversed all of this",
        "start": 4257.12,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "the home comes first followed by Harry",
        "start": 4259.4,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "the borough then by Ron and then lastly",
        "start": 4261.38,
        "duration": 7.62
    },
    {
        "text": "Malfoy Manor then Draco notice that my",
        "start": 4265.64,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "file is now completely flipped the First",
        "start": 4269.0,
        "duration": 3.239
    },
    {
        "text": "Column is now the second and the",
        "start": 4270.92,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "second's the first but I took care to",
        "start": 4272.239,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "update the header of that file the first",
        "start": 4274.699,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "row notice my python code I'm not going",
        "start": 4277.34,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "to touch it at all I'm going to rerun",
        "start": 4280.159,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "python of students.pi and hit enter and",
        "start": 4282.14,
        "duration": 6.059
    },
    {
        "text": "it still just works and this too is an",
        "start": 4285.44,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "example of like coding defensively like",
        "start": 4288.199,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "what if someone changes your CSV file",
        "start": 4289.94,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "your data file ideally that won't happen",
        "start": 4291.8,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "but even if it does now because I'm",
        "start": 4293.719,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "using a dictionary reader that's going",
        "start": 4295.82,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "to infer from that first row for me what",
        "start": 4298.159,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "the columns are called my code just",
        "start": 4301.28,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "keeps working and so it keeps getting if",
        "start": 4303.679,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "you will better and better",
        "start": 4305.48,
        "duration": 5.699
    },
    {
        "text": "any questions now on this approach yeah",
        "start": 4307.88,
        "duration": 6.0
    },
    {
        "text": "what is the importance of online CSV",
        "start": 4311.179,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "file what's the importance of the new",
        "start": 4313.88,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "line in the CSV file it's partly a",
        "start": 4315.5,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "convention in the world of text files we",
        "start": 4317.84,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "humans have just been for decades in the",
        "start": 4319.88,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "habit of storing data line by line it's",
        "start": 4321.679,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "visually convenient it's just easy to",
        "start": 4325.1,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "extract from the file because you just",
        "start": 4327.739,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "look for the new lines so the new line",
        "start": 4329.42,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "just separates some data from some other",
        "start": 4331.46,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "data we could use any other symbol on",
        "start": 4334.46,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "the keyboard but it's just common to hit",
        "start": 4337.04,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "enter to just move the data to the next",
        "start": 4339.02,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "line just a convention",
        "start": 4340.88,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "other questions it seems to be working",
        "start": 4342.679,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "fine if you just have name and home I'm",
        "start": 4345.14,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "wondering what will happen if you want",
        "start": 4348.199,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "to put in more data",
        "start": 4350.42,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "um",
        "start": 4353.659,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "say you wanted to add a house to both",
        "start": 4354.62,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "the name and the home",
        "start": 4358.1,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "sure if you wanted to add the house back",
        "start": 4360.26,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "so if I go in here and add house last",
        "start": 4362.179,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "and I go here and say uh Gryffindor for",
        "start": 4364.159,
        "duration": 6.901
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry Gryffindor for Ron and Slytherin",
        "start": 4367.4,
        "duration": 6.54
    },
    {
        "text": "for Draco now I have three columns",
        "start": 4371.06,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "effectively if you will home on the left",
        "start": 4373.94,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "name in the middle house on the right",
        "start": 4375.679,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "each separated by commas with weird",
        "start": 4377.96,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "things like number four comma privet",
        "start": 4380.3,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "Drive still quoted notice if I go back",
        "start": 4382.159,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "to students.pi and I don't change the",
        "start": 4384.62,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "code at all and run python of",
        "start": 4386.6,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi it still just works and this",
        "start": 4388.94,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "is what's so powerful about a dictionary",
        "start": 4391.64,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "reader it can change over time it can",
        "start": 4393.5,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "have more and more columns your existing",
        "start": 4396.02,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "code is not going to break your code",
        "start": 4398.48,
        "duration": 4.259
    },
    {
        "text": "would break would be much more fragile",
        "start": 4400.88,
        "duration": 3.299
    },
    {
        "text": "so to speak if you were making",
        "start": 4402.739,
        "duration": 3.301
    },
    {
        "text": "assumptions like the first column's",
        "start": 4404.179,
        "duration": 3.181
    },
    {
        "text": "always going to be named the second",
        "start": 4406.04,
        "duration": 3.24
    },
    {
        "text": "column's always going to be house things",
        "start": 4407.36,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "will break fast if those assumptions",
        "start": 4409.28,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "break down",
        "start": 4411.26,
        "duration": 3.479
    },
    {
        "text": "so not a problem in this case",
        "start": 4412.58,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "well let me propose that besides reading",
        "start": 4414.739,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "csvs let's at least take a peek at how",
        "start": 4417.14,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "we might write a csv2 if you're writing",
        "start": 4419.179,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "a program in which you want to store not",
        "start": 4421.64,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "just students names but maybe their",
        "start": 4423.56,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "homes as well in a file how can we keep",
        "start": 4425.179,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "adding to this file let me go ahead and",
        "start": 4427.46,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "delete the contents of students.csv and",
        "start": 4429.8,
        "duration": 5.399
    },
    {
        "text": "just re-add a single simple row name",
        "start": 4432.739,
        "duration": 5.821
    },
    {
        "text": "comma home so as to anticipate inserting",
        "start": 4435.199,
        "duration": 5.581
    },
    {
        "text": "more names and homes into this file and",
        "start": 4438.56,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "then let me go to students.pi and let me",
        "start": 4440.78,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "just start fresh so as to write out data",
        "start": 4442.94,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "this time I'm still going to go ahead",
        "start": 4445.159,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "and import CSV I'm going to go ahead now",
        "start": 4446.3,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "and prompt the user for their name so",
        "start": 4448.94,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "input quote unquote what's your name",
        "start": 4451.82,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "question mark and I'm going to go ahead",
        "start": 4454.28,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "and prompt the user for their home so",
        "start": 4456.38,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "home equals input quote unquote where's",
        "start": 4458.6,
        "duration": 6.18
    },
    {
        "text": "your home question mark now I'm going to",
        "start": 4461.42,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "go ahead and open the file but this time",
        "start": 4464.78,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "for writing instead of reading as",
        "start": 4466.58,
        "duration": 5.119
    },
    {
        "text": "follows with open quote unquote",
        "start": 4468.5,
        "duration": 5.94
    },
    {
        "text": "students.csv I'm going to open in append",
        "start": 4471.699,
        "duration": 4.841
    },
    {
        "text": "mode so that I keep adding more and more",
        "start": 4474.44,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "students and homes to the file rather",
        "start": 4476.54,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "than just overwriting the entire file",
        "start": 4478.58,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "itself and I'm going to use a variable",
        "start": 4480.26,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "name of file I'm then going to go ahead",
        "start": 4481.88,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "and give myself a variable called writer",
        "start": 4484.4,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "and I'm going to set it equal to the",
        "start": 4486.32,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "return value of another function in the",
        "start": 4488.0,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "CSV module called CSV dot writer and",
        "start": 4490.1,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "that writer function takes as its sole",
        "start": 4493.34,
        "duration": 7.02
    },
    {
        "text": "argument the file variable there now I'm",
        "start": 4496.52,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "going to go ahead and just do this I'm",
        "start": 4500.36,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "going to say writer dot right row and",
        "start": 4501.62,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "I'm going to pass into right Row the",
        "start": 4504.14,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "line that I want to write to the file",
        "start": 4506.6,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "specifically as a list so I'm going to",
        "start": 4508.94,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "give this a list of name comma home",
        "start": 4510.92,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "which of course are the contents of",
        "start": 4513.8,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "those variables now I'm going to go",
        "start": 4515.12,
        "duration": 3.539
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and save the file I'm going to go",
        "start": 4516.86,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "ahead and rerun python of students.pi",
        "start": 4518.659,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "hit enter and what's your name well let",
        "start": 4521.179,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "me go ahead and type in Harry as my name",
        "start": 4523.58,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "and number four",
        "start": 4525.62,
        "duration": 7.14
    },
    {
        "text": "comma privet Drive enter now notice that",
        "start": 4528.739,
        "duration": 6.661
    },
    {
        "text": "input itself did have a comma and so if",
        "start": 4532.76,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "I go to my CSV file now notice that it's",
        "start": 4535.4,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically been quoted for me so that",
        "start": 4537.86,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "subsequent reads from this file don't",
        "start": 4540.26,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "confuse that comma with the actual comma",
        "start": 4541.82,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "between Harry and his home well let me",
        "start": 4543.92,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "go ahead and run it a couple of more",
        "start": 4546.62,
        "duration": 3.119
    },
    {
        "text": "times let me go ahead and rerun python",
        "start": 4547.88,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "of students.pi let me go ahead and input",
        "start": 4549.739,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "this time Ron and his home as the",
        "start": 4552.08,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "borough let's go back to students.csv to",
        "start": 4554.659,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "see what it looks like now we see Ron",
        "start": 4557.3,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "comma the burrow has been added",
        "start": 4559.46,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "automatically to the file and let's do",
        "start": 4560.96,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "one more python of students.pi enter",
        "start": 4562.76,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "let's go ahead and give draco's name and",
        "start": 4565.76,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "his home which would be Malfoy Manor",
        "start": 4568.52,
        "duration": 5.159
    },
    {
        "text": "enter and if we go back to students.csv",
        "start": 4570.8,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "now we see that Draco is in the file",
        "start": 4573.679,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "itself and the library took care of not",
        "start": 4575.54,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "only writing each of those rows per the",
        "start": 4577.52,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "function's name it also handled the",
        "start": 4579.44,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "escaping so to speak of any strings that",
        "start": 4581.48,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "themselves contain the comma like",
        "start": 4583.94,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry's own home well it turns out",
        "start": 4585.62,
        "duration": 3.599
    },
    {
        "text": "there's yet another way we we could",
        "start": 4587.9,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "implement this same program without",
        "start": 4589.219,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "having to worry about precisely that",
        "start": 4591.02,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "order again and again and just passing",
        "start": 4593.3,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "in a list it turns out if we're keeping",
        "start": 4594.98,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "track of what's the name and what's the",
        "start": 4597.44,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "home we could use something like a",
        "start": 4599.36,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary to associate those keys with",
        "start": 4600.8,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "those values so let me go ahead and back",
        "start": 4602.78,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "up and remove these students from the",
        "start": 4604.46,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "file leaving only the header row again",
        "start": 4606.44,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "named comma home and let me go over to",
        "start": 4608.3,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi and this time instead of",
        "start": 4610.64,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "using CSV writer I'm going to go ahead",
        "start": 4612.62,
        "duration": 3.44
    },
    {
        "text": "and use",
        "start": 4614.84,
        "duration": 3.12
    },
    {
        "text": "csv.dictriter which is a dictionary",
        "start": 4616.06,
        "duration": 4.0
    },
    {
        "text": "writer that's going to open the file in",
        "start": 4617.96,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "much the same way but rather than write",
        "start": 4620.06,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "a row as this list of name comma home",
        "start": 4621.98,
        "duration": 6.3
    },
    {
        "text": "what I'm now going to do is follows I'm",
        "start": 4625.52,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "going to first output an actual",
        "start": 4628.28,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary the first key of which is",
        "start": 4631.4,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "Name colon and then the value thereof is",
        "start": 4633.02,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "going to be the name that was typed in",
        "start": 4635.6,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "and I'm going to pass in a key of Home",
        "start": 4636.98,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "quote unquote the value of which of",
        "start": 4638.9,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "course is the home that was typed in but",
        "start": 4640.4,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "with dict writer I do need to give it a",
        "start": 4642.26,
        "duration": 4.979
    },
    {
        "text": "hint as to the order in which those",
        "start": 4644.78,
        "duration": 4.919
    },
    {
        "text": "columns are when writing it out so that",
        "start": 4647.239,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "subsequently they could be red even if",
        "start": 4649.699,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "those orderings change let me go ahead",
        "start": 4651.679,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "and pass in field names which is a",
        "start": 4654.14,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "second argument to dictwriter equals and",
        "start": 4656.6,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "then a list of the actual columns that I",
        "start": 4659.36,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "know are in this file which of course",
        "start": 4661.58,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "are name comma home those times in",
        "start": 4662.96,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "quotes because that's indeed the string",
        "start": 4666.14,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "names of the columns so to speak that I",
        "start": 4668.0,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "intend to write to in that file all",
        "start": 4670.52,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "right now let me go ahead and go to my",
        "start": 4672.679,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "terminal window run python of",
        "start": 4674.36,
        "duration": 4.319
    },
    {
        "text": "students.pi this time I'll type in",
        "start": 4676.28,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "Harry's name again I'll again type in",
        "start": 4678.679,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "number four comma privet Drive",
        "start": 4680.9,
        "duration": 6.54
    },
    {
        "text": "enter let's now go back to students.csv",
        "start": 4684.199,
        "duration": 5.341
    },
    {
        "text": "and voila parries back in the file and",
        "start": 4687.44,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "it's properly escaped or quoted I'm sure",
        "start": 4689.54,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "then if we do this again with Ron and",
        "start": 4691.94,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "the burrow and let's go ahead and run it",
        "start": 4694.04,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "one third time with Draco and Malfoy",
        "start": 4696.44,
        "duration": 5.36
    },
    {
        "text": "Manor enter let's go back to",
        "start": 4699.38,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "students.csv and Via this dictionary",
        "start": 4701.8,
        "duration": 4.78
    },
    {
        "text": "writer we now have all three of those",
        "start": 4703.88,
        "duration": 5.58
    },
    {
        "text": "students as well so whereas with CSV",
        "start": 4706.58,
        "duration": 6.06
    },
    {
        "text": "writer the onus is on us to pass in a",
        "start": 4709.46,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "list of all of the values we want to put",
        "start": 4712.64,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "from left to right with a dictionary",
        "start": 4714.739,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "writer technically they could be in any",
        "start": 4716.78,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "order in the dictionary in fact I could",
        "start": 4718.82,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "just have correctly done this passing in",
        "start": 4720.86,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "home followed by name but it's a",
        "start": 4723.92,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary and so the ordering in this",
        "start": 4726.32,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "case does not matter so long as the key",
        "start": 4728.3,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "is there and the value is there and",
        "start": 4730.219,
        "duration": 3.421
    },
    {
        "text": "because I have passed in field names as",
        "start": 4731.48,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "the second argument to dict writer it",
        "start": 4733.64,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "ensures that the library knows exactly",
        "start": 4736.159,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "which column contains name or home",
        "start": 4738.56,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "respectively",
        "start": 4741.32,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "are there any questions now on",
        "start": 4742.76,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary reading dictionary writing or",
        "start": 4745.219,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "csvs more generally",
        "start": 4747.56,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "India any specifics the specific",
        "start": 4750.02,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "situation for me to use a single",
        "start": 4753.02,
        "duration": 4.639
    },
    {
        "text": "quotation or double quotation because",
        "start": 4755.48,
        "duration": 4.92
    },
    {
        "text": "after the print we use a single",
        "start": 4757.659,
        "duration": 5.681
    },
    {
        "text": "quotation to represent the key of the",
        "start": 4760.4,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary but after the",
        "start": 4763.34,
        "duration": 5.399
    },
    {
        "text": "reading or writing we use the double",
        "start": 4766.52,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "quotation",
        "start": 4768.739,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "it's a good question in Python you can",
        "start": 4770.42,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "generally use double quotes or you can",
        "start": 4773.06,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "use single quotes and it doesn't matter",
        "start": 4775.52,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "you should just be self-consistent so",
        "start": 4777.08,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "that stylistically your code looks the",
        "start": 4779.3,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "same all throughout sometimes though it",
        "start": 4781.219,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "is necessary to alternate if you're",
        "start": 4783.8,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "already using double quotes as I was",
        "start": 4786.14,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "earlier for a long F string but inside",
        "start": 4787.88,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "that F string I was interpolating the",
        "start": 4790.46,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "values of some variables using curly",
        "start": 4792.92,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "braces and those variables were",
        "start": 4794.659,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionaries and in order to index into",
        "start": 4796.82,
        "duration": 5.82
    },
    {
        "text": "a dictionary you use square brackets and",
        "start": 4799.82,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "then quotes but if you're already using",
        "start": 4802.64,
        "duration": 3.36
    },
    {
        "text": "double quotes out here you should",
        "start": 4804.26,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "generally use single quotes here or vice",
        "start": 4806.0,
        "duration": 5.4
    },
    {
        "text": "versa but otherwise I'm in the habit of",
        "start": 4808.699,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "using double quotes everywhere others",
        "start": 4811.4,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "are in the habit of using single quotes",
        "start": 4812.96,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "everywhere it only matters sometimes if",
        "start": 4814.34,
        "duration": 6.24
    },
    {
        "text": "one might be confused for the other",
        "start": 4816.739,
        "duration": 6.601
    },
    {
        "text": "other questions on dictionary uh writing",
        "start": 4820.58,
        "duration": 5.579
    },
    {
        "text": "or reading uh yeah I did my question is",
        "start": 4823.34,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "can we use multiple CSV files in any",
        "start": 4826.159,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "program",
        "start": 4829.82,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "absolutely you can use as many CSV files",
        "start": 4831.02,
        "duration": 3.719
    },
    {
        "text": "as you want and it's just one of the",
        "start": 4833.3,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "formats that you can use to save data",
        "start": 4834.739,
        "duration": 5.541
    },
    {
        "text": "other questions on csvs or file IO",
        "start": 4837.08,
        "duration": 6.599
    },
    {
        "text": "thanks for taking my question uh so when",
        "start": 4840.28,
        "duration": 6.1
    },
    {
        "text": "you're reading from the file the um you",
        "start": 4843.679,
        "duration": 6.781
    },
    {
        "text": "had the um as a dictionary you had the",
        "start": 4846.38,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "fields called",
        "start": 4850.46,
        "duration": 2.94
    },
    {
        "text": "um couldn't you just call it when you're",
        "start": 4852.08,
        "duration": 2.579
    },
    {
        "text": "reading could couldn't you just call the",
        "start": 4853.4,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "row in the previous version of the of",
        "start": 4854.659,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "the students uh Pi file",
        "start": 4856.46,
        "duration": 6.719
    },
    {
        "text": "um when you're reading the uh when",
        "start": 4860.06,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "you're reading each row you are",
        "start": 4863.179,
        "duration": 6.261
    },
    {
        "text": "splitting out the um the fields by name",
        "start": 4864.26,
        "duration": 5.18
    },
    {
        "text": "yeah so when you're appending to the uh",
        "start": 4870.26,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "to the students list can you just call",
        "start": 4872.239,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "the uh for row and reader",
        "start": 4874.46,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "students.append row rather than",
        "start": 4876.44,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "uh rather than naming each of the fields",
        "start": 4879.32,
        "duration": 5.96
    },
    {
        "text": "oh very clever uh short answer yes",
        "start": 4881.9,
        "duration": 7.5
    },
    {
        "text": "insofar as dick to reader returns one",
        "start": 4885.28,
        "duration": 6.879
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary at a time when you Loop over",
        "start": 4889.4,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "it rho is already going to be a",
        "start": 4892.159,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "dictionary so yes you could actually get",
        "start": 4894.02,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "away with doing this and the effect",
        "start": 4896.659,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "would really be the same in this case",
        "start": 4898.52,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "good observation how about one more",
        "start": 4901.219,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "question on csvs",
        "start": 4903.5,
        "duration": 6.48
    },
    {
        "text": "yeah when reading in csvs from my past",
        "start": 4906.02,
        "duration": 6.84
    },
    {
        "text": "work with data a lot of things can go",
        "start": 4909.98,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "wrong I don't know if it's a fair",
        "start": 4912.86,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "question that you can answer in a few",
        "start": 4914.6,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "sentences but are there any best",
        "start": 4916.34,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "practices to double check that sort of",
        "start": 4918.56,
        "duration": 7.02
    },
    {
        "text": "no mistakes occurred it's a really good",
        "start": 4922.639,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "question and I would say in general if",
        "start": 4925.58,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "you're using code to generate the csvs",
        "start": 4927.86,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "and to read the csvs and you're using a",
        "start": 4930.679,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "good Library theoretically nothing",
        "start": 4933.56,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "should go wrong it should be 100 correct",
        "start": 4935.179,
        "duration": 6.361
    },
    {
        "text": "if the libraries are 100 correct you and",
        "start": 4937.94,
        "duration": 5.279
    },
    {
        "text": "I tend to be the problem like when you",
        "start": 4941.54,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "let a human touch the CSV or when Excel",
        "start": 4943.219,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "or apple numbers or some other tools",
        "start": 4946.219,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "involved that might not be aligned with",
        "start": 4947.9,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "your code's expectations things then yes",
        "start": 4949.82,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "can break the goal really sometimes",
        "start": 4951.86,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "honestly the solution is manual fixes",
        "start": 4955.28,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "you go in and fix the CSV or you have a",
        "start": 4957.08,
        "duration": 4.2
    },
    {
        "text": "lot of error checking or you have a lot",
        "start": 4959.659,
        "duration": 3.901
    },
    {
        "text": "of try except just to tolerate mistakes",
        "start": 4961.28,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "in the data but generally I would say if",
        "start": 4963.56,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "you're using CSV or any file format",
        "start": 4965.84,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "internally to a program to both read and",
        "start": 4967.88,
        "duration": 4.38
    },
    {
        "text": "write it you shouldn't have concerns",
        "start": 4970.4,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "there you and I the humans are the",
        "start": 4972.26,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "problem uh generally speaking and not",
        "start": 4974.06,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "the programmers the users of those files",
        "start": 4976.1,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "instead all right allow me to propose",
        "start": 4978.139,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "that we leave csvs behind but to note",
        "start": 4980.42,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "that they're not the only file format",
        "start": 4982.88,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "you you can use in order to read or",
        "start": 4984.44,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "write data in fact they're a popular",
        "start": 4986.78,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "format as is just raw text files dot txt",
        "start": 4988.34,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "files but you can store data really any",
        "start": 4991.159,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "way that you want we've just picked csvs",
        "start": 4993.44,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "because it's representative of how you",
        "start": 4995.54,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "might read and write from a file and do",
        "start": 4997.219,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "so in a structured way where you can",
        "start": 4999.199,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "somehow have multiple Keys multiple",
        "start": 5001.06,
        "duration": 4.619
    },
    {
        "text": "values all in the same file without",
        "start": 5003.4,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "having to resort to what would be",
        "start": 5005.679,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "otherwise known as a binary file so a",
        "start": 5007.06,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "binary file is a file that's really just",
        "start": 5009.699,
        "duration": 4.201
    },
    {
        "text": "zeros and ones and they can be laid out",
        "start": 5011.739,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "in any pattern you might want",
        "start": 5013.9,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "particularly if you want to store not",
        "start": 5015.82,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "textual information but maybe graphical",
        "start": 5017.86,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "or audio or video information as well so",
        "start": 5020.32,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "it turns out that python is really good",
        "start": 5023.56,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "when it comes to having libraries for",
        "start": 5025.48,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "really everything and in fact there's a",
        "start": 5027.4,
        "duration": 4.259
    },
    {
        "text": "popular Library called pillow that",
        "start": 5029.32,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "allows you to navigate image files as",
        "start": 5031.659,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "well and to perform operations on image",
        "start": 5034.96,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "files you can apply filters a lot",
        "start": 5037.54,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "Instagram you can animate them as well",
        "start": 5039.58,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "and so what I thought we'd do is leave",
        "start": 5042.4,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "behind behind text files for now and",
        "start": 5044.26,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "Tackle one more demonstration this time",
        "start": 5046.12,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "focusing on this particular library and",
        "start": 5048.159,
        "duration": 5.881
    },
    {
        "text": "image files instead so let me propose",
        "start": 5051.76,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "that we go over here to vs code and",
        "start": 5054.04,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "create a program ultimately that creates",
        "start": 5056.62,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "an animated gif these things are",
        "start": 5058.719,
        "duration": 3.841
    },
    {
        "text": "everywhere nowadays in the form of memes",
        "start": 5060.52,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "and animations and stickers and the like",
        "start": 5062.56,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "in an animated gif is really just an",
        "start": 5064.3,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "image file that has multiple images",
        "start": 5066.639,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "inside of it and your computer or your",
        "start": 5068.679,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "phone shows you those images one after",
        "start": 5071.679,
        "duration": 4.921
    },
    {
        "text": "another sometimes on an endless loop",
        "start": 5074.08,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "again and again and so long as there's",
        "start": 5076.6,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "enough images it creates the illusion of",
        "start": 5078.94,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "Animation because your mind and mind",
        "start": 5080.86,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "kind of fills in the gaps visually and",
        "start": 5082.84,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "just assumes that if something is moving",
        "start": 5084.94,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "even though you're only seeing one frame",
        "start": 5086.679,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "per second or some sequence thereof it",
        "start": 5089.139,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "looks like an animation so it's like a",
        "start": 5091.659,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "simplistic version of a video file well",
        "start": 5093.52,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "let me propose that we start with maybe",
        "start": 5096.04,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "a couple of uh costumes from another",
        "start": 5098.199,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "popular programming language and let me",
        "start": 5101.139,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "go ahead and open up my first cost team",
        "start": 5103.0,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "here number one so suppose here that",
        "start": 5104.86,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "this is a costume or really just a",
        "start": 5106.96,
        "duration": 3.199
    },
    {
        "text": "static image here",
        "start": 5108.58,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "costume1.jif and it's just a static",
        "start": 5110.159,
        "duration": 4.661
    },
    {
        "text": "picture of a cat no movement at all let",
        "start": 5112.239,
        "duration": 5.361
    },
    {
        "text": "me go ahead now and open up a second one",
        "start": 5114.82,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "costume2.jif that looks a little bit",
        "start": 5117.6,
        "duration": 4.539
    },
    {
        "text": "different notice and I'll go back and",
        "start": 5120.1,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "forth this cat's legs are a little bit",
        "start": 5122.139,
        "duration": 4.381
    },
    {
        "text": "aligned differently so that this was",
        "start": 5124.6,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "version one and this was version two now",
        "start": 5126.52,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "these cats come from a programming",
        "start": 5129.82,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "language from MIT called scratch that",
        "start": 5131.26,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "allows you very graphically to animate",
        "start": 5133.179,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "all this and more but we'll use just",
        "start": 5135.1,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "these two static images costume one and",
        "start": 5137.44,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "costume two to create our own animated",
        "start": 5140.86,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "gif that after this you could text to a",
        "start": 5143.32,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "friend or message them much like any",
        "start": 5145.42,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "meme online well let me propose that we",
        "start": 5147.699,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "create this animated gif not by just",
        "start": 5150.52,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "using some off-the-shelf program that we",
        "start": 5152.8,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "downloaded but by writing our own code",
        "start": 5154.42,
        "duration": 4.219
    },
    {
        "text": "let me go ahead and run code of",
        "start": 5156.159,
        "duration": 4.621
    },
    {
        "text": "costumes.pi and create our very own",
        "start": 5158.639,
        "duration": 4.6
    },
    {
        "text": "program that's going to take as input to",
        "start": 5160.78,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "or even more image file files and then",
        "start": 5163.239,
        "duration": 5.101
    },
    {
        "text": "generate an animated gif from them by",
        "start": 5165.82,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "essentially creating this animated gif",
        "start": 5168.34,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "by toggling back and forth endlessly",
        "start": 5170.08,
        "duration": 5.34
    },
    {
        "text": "between those two images well how am I",
        "start": 5172.9,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "going to do this well let's assume that",
        "start": 5175.42,
        "duration": 2.759
    },
    {
        "text": "this will be a program called",
        "start": 5176.92,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "costumes.pi that expects uh two command",
        "start": 5178.179,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "line arguments the names of the files",
        "start": 5181.0,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "the individual costumes that we want to",
        "start": 5183.159,
        "duration": 4.141
    },
    {
        "text": "animate back and forth so to do that I'm",
        "start": 5185.08,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "going to import sys so that we",
        "start": 5187.3,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "ultimately have access to sys.org V I'm",
        "start": 5188.739,
        "duration": 4.741
    },
    {
        "text": "then from this pillow Library going to",
        "start": 5191.679,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "import support for images specifically",
        "start": 5193.48,
        "duration": 6.12
    },
    {
        "text": "so from pil import image capital i as",
        "start": 5195.639,
        "duration": 6.301
    },
    {
        "text": "per the library's documentation now I'm",
        "start": 5199.6,
        "duration": 3.66
    },
    {
        "text": "going to give myself an empty list",
        "start": 5201.94,
        "duration": 3.42
    },
    {
        "text": "called images just so I have a list in",
        "start": 5203.26,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "which to store one or two or or more of",
        "start": 5205.36,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "these images and now let me do this",
        "start": 5207.4,
        "duration": 7.56
    },
    {
        "text": "for each argument in sis.org V I'm going",
        "start": 5210.04,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "to go ahead and create a new image",
        "start": 5214.96,
        "duration": 5.179
    },
    {
        "text": "variable set it equal to this image",
        "start": 5216.46,
        "duration": 7.5
    },
    {
        "text": "dot open function passing in ARG now",
        "start": 5220.139,
        "duration": 6.401
    },
    {
        "text": "what is this doing I proposing that",
        "start": 5223.96,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "eventually I want to be able to run",
        "start": 5226.54,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "python of costumes.pi and then as",
        "start": 5227.86,
        "duration": 3.92
    },
    {
        "text": "command line arguments specify",
        "start": 5230.32,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "costume1.jif space costume two dot shift",
        "start": 5231.78,
        "duration": 4.0
    },
    {
        "text": "so I want to take in those file names",
        "start": 5234.4,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "from the command line as my arguments so",
        "start": 5235.78,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "what am I doing here well I'm iterating",
        "start": 5239.08,
        "duration": 5.22
    },
    {
        "text": "over sys.org V all of the words in my",
        "start": 5241.42,
        "duration": 4.98
    },
    {
        "text": "command line arguments I'm creating a",
        "start": 5244.3,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "variable called image and I'm passing to",
        "start": 5246.4,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "this function image.open from the pillow",
        "start": 5248.199,
        "duration": 4.801
    },
    {
        "text": "library that specific argument and that",
        "start": 5250.36,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "library is essentially going to open",
        "start": 5253.0,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "that image in a way that gives me a lot",
        "start": 5254.98,
        "duration": 4.02
    },
    {
        "text": "of functionality for manipulating it",
        "start": 5257.26,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "like animating now I'm going to go ahead",
        "start": 5259.0,
        "duration": 3.3
    },
    {
        "text": "and",
        "start": 5261.34,
        "duration": 6.299
    },
    {
        "text": "append to my images list that particular",
        "start": 5262.3,
        "duration": 7.56
    },
    {
        "text": "image and that's it so this Loop's",
        "start": 5267.639,
        "duration": 3.721
    },
    {
        "text": "purpose in life is just to iterate over",
        "start": 5269.86,
        "duration": 3.06
    },
    {
        "text": "the command line arguments and open",
        "start": 5271.36,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "those images using this Library the last",
        "start": 5272.92,
        "duration": 5.219
    },
    {
        "text": "line is pretty straightforward I'm going",
        "start": 5275.92,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "to say this I'm going to grab the first",
        "start": 5278.139,
        "duration": 3.54
    },
    {
        "text": "of those images which is going to be in",
        "start": 5279.88,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "my list at location zero and I'm going",
        "start": 5281.679,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "to save it to disk that is I'm going to",
        "start": 5284.32,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "save this file now in the past when we",
        "start": 5287.139,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "use csvs or text files I had to do the",
        "start": 5289.12,
        "duration": 4.559
    },
    {
        "text": "file opening I had to do the file",
        "start": 5291.699,
        "duration": 4.081
    },
    {
        "text": "writing maybe even the closing I don't",
        "start": 5293.679,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "need to do that with this Library the",
        "start": 5295.78,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "pillow library takes care of the opening",
        "start": 5297.28,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "the closing and the saving for me by",
        "start": 5299.5,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "just calling save I'm going to call this",
        "start": 5301.78,
        "duration": 3.899
    },
    {
        "text": "save function and just to leave space",
        "start": 5304.06,
        "duration": 3.48
    },
    {
        "text": "because I have a number of arguments to",
        "start": 5305.679,
        "duration": 3.241
    },
    {
        "text": "pass I'm going to move to another line",
        "start": 5307.54,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "so it fits I'm going to pass in the name",
        "start": 5308.92,
        "duration": 4.88
    },
    {
        "text": "of the file that I want to create",
        "start": 5311.26,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "costume.jif that will be the name of my",
        "start": 5313.8,
        "duration": 4.72
    },
    {
        "text": "animated gif I'm going to tell this",
        "start": 5316.3,
        "duration": 5.7
    },
    {
        "text": "library to save all of the frames that I",
        "start": 5318.52,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "pass to it so the First costume the",
        "start": 5322.0,
        "duration": 3.659
    },
    {
        "text": "second costume and even more if I gave",
        "start": 5324.04,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "them I'm going to then append to this",
        "start": 5325.659,
        "duration": 6.361
    },
    {
        "text": "first image the image is zero uh the",
        "start": 5328.3,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "following images",
        "start": 5332.02,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "equals this list of images and this is a",
        "start": 5333.4,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "bit clever but I'm going to do this I",
        "start": 5335.92,
        "duration": 4.14
    },
    {
        "text": "want to append the next image there",
        "start": 5337.9,
        "duration": 5.339
    },
    {
        "text": "images one and now I want to specify a",
        "start": 5340.06,
        "duration": 5.52
    },
    {
        "text": "duration of 200 milliseconds for each of",
        "start": 5343.239,
        "duration": 4.681
    },
    {
        "text": "these frames and I want this to Loop",
        "start": 5345.58,
        "duration": 4.8
    },
    {
        "text": "forever and if you specify Loop equals",
        "start": 5347.92,
        "duration": 5.04
    },
    {
        "text": "zero that is Time Zero it means it's",
        "start": 5350.38,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "just not going to Loop a finite number",
        "start": 5352.96,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "of times but an infinite number of times",
        "start": 5355.179,
        "duration": 4.761
    },
    {
        "text": "instead and I need to do one other thing",
        "start": 5357.159,
        "duration": 6.961
    },
    {
        "text": "recall that sys.org V contains not just",
        "start": 5359.94,
        "duration": 6.219
    },
    {
        "text": "the words I typed after my program's",
        "start": 5364.12,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "name but what else does sys.org v",
        "start": 5366.159,
        "duration": 5.161
    },
    {
        "text": "contain if you think back to our",
        "start": 5368.98,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "discussion of command line arguments",
        "start": 5371.32,
        "duration": 5.64
    },
    {
        "text": "what else is insist.orgv besides the",
        "start": 5373.659,
        "duration": 5.401
    },
    {
        "text": "words I'm about to type like costume one",
        "start": 5376.96,
        "duration": 5.88
    },
    {
        "text": "dot GIF and costume two yeah so we'll",
        "start": 5379.06,
        "duration": 5.76
    },
    {
        "text": "actually get in that their original name",
        "start": 5382.84,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "of the program we want to run the",
        "start": 5384.82,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "costume set pie indeed we'll get the",
        "start": 5387.28,
        "duration": 4.32
    },
    {
        "text": "original name of the program costumes.pi",
        "start": 5389.38,
        "duration": 3.359
    },
    {
        "text": "in this case which is not a gif",
        "start": 5391.6,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "obviously so remember that using slices",
        "start": 5392.739,
        "duration": 5.761
    },
    {
        "text": "in Python we can do this if sys.orgv is",
        "start": 5395.5,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "a list and we want to get a slice of",
        "start": 5398.5,
        "duration": 3.84
    },
    {
        "text": "that list everything after the first",
        "start": 5400.78,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "element we can do one colon which says",
        "start": 5402.34,
        "duration": 6.42
    },
    {
        "text": "start at location one not zero and take",
        "start": 5405.46,
        "duration": 5.16
    },
    {
        "text": "a slice all the way to the end so give",
        "start": 5408.76,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "me everything except the first thing in",
        "start": 5410.62,
        "duration": 4.019
    },
    {
        "text": "that list which to McKenzie's point is",
        "start": 5412.84,
        "duration": 3.839
    },
    {
        "text": "the name of the program",
        "start": 5414.639,
        "duration": 4.441
    },
    {
        "text": "now if I haven't made any mistakes let's",
        "start": 5416.679,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "see what happens I'm going to run python",
        "start": 5419.08,
        "duration": 4.139
    },
    {
        "text": "of costumes.pi and now I'm going to",
        "start": 5421.239,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "specify the two images that I want to",
        "start": 5423.219,
        "duration": 3.44
    },
    {
        "text": "animate so",
        "start": 5425.02,
        "duration": 5.28
    },
    {
        "text": "costume1.jif and costume2.gif",
        "start": 5426.659,
        "duration": 5.98
    },
    {
        "text": "what is the code now going to do well to",
        "start": 5430.3,
        "duration": 4.439
    },
    {
        "text": "recap we're using the sys library to",
        "start": 5432.639,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "access those command line arguments",
        "start": 5434.739,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "we're using the pillow library to treat",
        "start": 5436.239,
        "duration": 4.561
    },
    {
        "text": "those files as images and with all the",
        "start": 5438.4,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "functionality that comes with that",
        "start": 5440.8,
        "duration": 3.72
    },
    {
        "text": "Library I'm using this images list just",
        "start": 5442.0,
        "duration": 4.679
    },
    {
        "text": "to accumulate all of these images one at",
        "start": 5444.52,
        "duration": 4.5
    },
    {
        "text": "a time from the command line and in line",
        "start": 5446.679,
        "duration": 4.56
    },
    {
        "text": "seven through nine I'm just using a loop",
        "start": 5449.02,
        "duration": 4.26
    },
    {
        "text": "to iterate over all of them and just add",
        "start": 5451.239,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "them to this list after opening them",
        "start": 5453.28,
        "duration": 4.68
    },
    {
        "text": "with the library and the last step which",
        "start": 5455.56,
        "duration": 3.9
    },
    {
        "text": "is really just one line of code broken",
        "start": 5457.96,
        "duration": 3.779
    },
    {
        "text": "onto three so that it all fits I'm going",
        "start": 5459.46,
        "duration": 4.62
    },
    {
        "text": "to save the first image but I'm asking",
        "start": 5461.739,
        "duration": 5.281
    },
    {
        "text": "the library to append this other image",
        "start": 5464.08,
        "duration": 4.86
    },
    {
        "text": "to it as well not bracket zero but",
        "start": 5467.02,
        "duration": 3.6
    },
    {
        "text": "bracket one and if I had more I could",
        "start": 5468.94,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "express those as well I want to save all",
        "start": 5470.62,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "of these files together I want to pause",
        "start": 5473.139,
        "duration": 4.861
    },
    {
        "text": "200 milliseconds a fifth of a second in",
        "start": 5475.06,
        "duration": 5.099
    },
    {
        "text": "between each frame and I want it to Loop",
        "start": 5478.0,
        "duration": 6.239
    },
    {
        "text": "infinitely many times so now if I cross",
        "start": 5480.159,
        "duration": 7.201
    },
    {
        "text": "my fingers as always hit enter",
        "start": 5484.239,
        "duration": 5.221
    },
    {
        "text": "nothing bad happened and that's almost",
        "start": 5487.36,
        "duration": 5.1
    },
    {
        "text": "always a good thing let me now run code",
        "start": 5489.46,
        "duration": 7.56
    },
    {
        "text": "of costumes dot Jif to open up in vs",
        "start": 5492.46,
        "duration": 7.08
    },
    {
        "text": "code the final image and what I think I",
        "start": 5497.02,
        "duration": 6.119
    },
    {
        "text": "should see is a very happy cat and",
        "start": 5499.54,
        "duration": 5.46
    },
    {
        "text": "indeed so now we've seen not only that",
        "start": 5503.139,
        "duration": 3.661
    },
    {
        "text": "we can read and write files be it",
        "start": 5505.0,
        "duration": 4.08
    },
    {
        "text": "textually we can read and now write",
        "start": 5506.8,
        "duration": 4.74
    },
    {
        "text": "files that are binary zeros and ones",
        "start": 5509.08,
        "duration": 4.079
    },
    {
        "text": "we've just scratched the surface this is",
        "start": 5511.54,
        "duration": 3.78
    },
    {
        "text": "using the library called pillow But",
        "start": 5513.159,
        "duration": 3.601
    },
    {
        "text": "ultimately this is going to give us the",
        "start": 5515.32,
        "duration": 3.18
    },
    {
        "text": "ability to read and write files however",
        "start": 5516.76,
        "duration": 4.379
    },
    {
        "text": "we want so we've now seen that via file",
        "start": 5518.5,
        "duration": 4.44
    },
    {
        "text": "i o we can manipulate not just textual",
        "start": 5521.139,
        "duration": 4.321
    },
    {
        "text": "files be it txt files or csvs but even",
        "start": 5522.94,
        "duration": 4.739
    },
    {
        "text": "binary files as well in this case they",
        "start": 5525.46,
        "duration": 4.199
    },
    {
        "text": "happen to be images but if we dived in",
        "start": 5527.679,
        "duration": 3.96
    },
    {
        "text": "deeper we could find explore audio and",
        "start": 5529.659,
        "duration": 4.261
    },
    {
        "text": "video and so much more all by way of",
        "start": 5531.639,
        "duration": 3.781
    },
    {
        "text": "these simple Primitives this ability",
        "start": 5533.92,
        "duration": 4.799
    },
    {
        "text": "somehow to read and write files that's",
        "start": 5535.42,
        "duration": 7.16
    },
    {
        "text": "it for now we'll see you next time",
        "start": 5538.719,
        "duration": 3.861
    }
]