lung transplantationpresent status worldwide and in the czech republic lung transplantation has evolved to a standard treatment modality for patients suffering from endstage lung diseases and it provides very good short and satisfactory longterm survival accepted indications for lung transplantation include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and other causes of emphysema ie alpha1antitrypsin deficiency parenchymal diseases ie idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis vascular diseases ie primary pulmonary hypertension chronic infectious diseases ie bronchiectasis as well as rare indications such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis or sarcoidosis presented article reviews the current strategies in the treatment of lung transplant recipients surgical techniques limitations of and effects of lung transplantation