vitamin d status and cardiometabolic risk factors across latitudinal gradient in iranian adults national food and nutrition surveillance background this study aimed to evaluate the vitamin d status in an adult population across latitudinal gradient and to investigate its possible associations with certain cardiometabolic risk factorsmethods a total of 1406 healthy subjects aged 1960 years were randomly selected from six regions of iran across latitudinal gradient from 29 n to 375 n anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed the combination of high body mass index 25 kgm2 low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol 150 mgdl was defined as cardiometabolic risk factorsresults the mean concentration of serum 25hydroxycalciferol 25ohd was 268177 nmoll there were no significant differences in the mean serum 25ohd levels among different latitudes undesirable vitamin d status deficiency and insufficiency was found in 907 of the subjects after adjustment for age and gender the association between weight status and serum 25ohd was significant p 004 odds ratio149 confidence interval 101219 the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among the subjects with serum 25ohd less than 275 nmoll was significantly higher than those with serum calcidiol concentrations above 275 nmoll 133 vs 100 p 0033conclusion undesirable vitamin d status is highly prevalent among iranian adults of both sexes irrespective of latitude and even in sunny regions the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly higher in those subjects with circulating calcidiol concentrations below 275 nmoll