develops suddenly or chronic that happens over a period said dr devenraj the current propensity of younger population in india of getting afflicted with the heart diseases may be attributing to the rising number of youngsters suffering from coronary artery disease which was once thought to be affecting people above fifty years of age in addition rheumatic heart disease continues to be endemic in our country and the prevalence of various infections especially the most recent challenge of coronavirus are turning out to be contributory causesdoctors determine the capacity of the heart through ejection fraction which means how well your left ventricle pumps out blood with each contraction once there is a blockage the heart gradually reduces ejection fraction leading to ischemia of the heart muscles a person with an ejection fraction of sixty percent may turn into a reduced thirty percent ejection fraction after an acute episode of heart failure where contractile power of heart is reduced acute heart failure can be further divided into the critical events like massive heart attack or an infection the critical event reduces the functioning of heart to twenty to thirty percent another type of acute heart failure may be due to acute decompensated heart failure which results from an underlying disease of the heart comorbidities that weaken the heart infection or blood losswhen a patient suddenly dies due to a cardiac event it is often called sudden cardiac death or arrest this develops due to arrhythmias irregular heartbeat explained dr bahadur diabetes hypertension obesity and smoking are modifiable risk factors it is necessary to manage them to avoid any further complications regular checking of blood sugar blood pressure avoiding smoking and daily exercise will go a long way in mitigating the threats associated with heart failure nonmodifiable risk factors include genetic factors medical sciences have progressed a lot in last decades multiple wonder drugs have come to the rescue of patients with heart failure these medicines have been proven beneficial to patients and even prevented them from worsening cardiac health the patient must be compliant with his medications guidelinedirected medical therapies based on global best practices have proved beneficial to patients with reduced ejection fractionmanagement of heart failure requires a multimodal approach that includes strictly following the prescribed medication lifestyle management such as regular exercise taking proper nutrients and controlling fluid intake patients who are referred to heart failure clinics have shown tremendous improvement the heart failure clinic has a team of skilled heart failure specialists paramedics counselors and dietitians addressing the patients health when a patient presents to the hospital with acute heart failure selecting the best option of treatment and unearthing the causes of heart failure is of utmost importance if the reason is coronary artery disease both the issues heart failure coronary artery disease are addressed and treated together it may require revascularization procedures such as early angiography angioplasty bypass surgery or valve replacement surgery in the endstage heart failure cases two surgical options are the bridge