burden and prevention of hpv knowledge practices and attitude assessment among preadolescents and their parents in italy despite infections due to hpv nowadays represent the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with recognized effective and safe preventive strategies knowledge attitudes however awareness on hpv is considerably low the present study has two main objectives 1 to conduct a literature review to analyze the evolution of preventive tools the complexity of the vaccine choice process and the challenges posed by hpv vaccine hesitancy and refusal among preadolescents and their parents 2 to assess knowledge practices and attitudes toward hpv infection and vaccination in a sample of italian preadolescents and their parents the observational study was carried out through the use of two anonymous and selfadministered pre and postintervention questionnaires dedicated to the target populations between the administrations of the pre and postintervention questionnaires an educational intervention on hpv infection and related diseases and prevention strategies was conducted all participants demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and positive attitudes in the preintervention questionnaire higher levels of knowledge and attitudes were observed among preadolescents thatused social networks and had heard of sexually transmitted diseases at homeschoolphysician and from parents and also who had heard of hpv from general practitioners gynecologists family members and newspapers a significant increase in hpv vaccination awareness was observed among preadolescents after the educational sessions health education programs aimed at increasing knowledge attitudes and awareness on hpv are needed to implement the outcomes of hpv immunization programs especially if supported by the physicians involved in counselling and recommendation processes