new delhi indias wildlife conservation initiatives need the involvement of local tribal communities rather than the token activism of urban dwellers to ensure that humans and animals coexist peacefully according to an iit expertambika aiyadurai assistant professor of social sciences indian institute of technology iit gandhinagar said that it is high time that wildlife conservation projects in the country are revaluatedwe borrowed the idea of national park thinking it will protect wildlife but there are lot of issues about people in national parks aiyadurai who has been closely studying how wildlife conservation affects local populations told ptiaccording to aiyadurai forests in india have never been pristine spaces and have always had local tribes interacting with them wildlife and human populations have peacefully and sustainably coexistedhowever the modern idea of conservation removes local people and puts a fence around forests at the same time letting in tourists or even allowing mining aiyadurai saidthe middle class in india engages in what is described as bourgeois environmentalismwe take part in school projects and paint posters to participate in environmental movements for urban dwellers is symbol of status aiyadurai saidthere are studies which show connection between middle class and environmental consciousness the higher we go in our economic comfort we tend to appreciate nature moreon the other hand if you look closely at people who live near tiger habitats or reserves they think about how to take care of their farms and how to protect cattle she told ptia study on sloth bear conservation in madhya pradesh showed that many women were victims of sloth bear attacks since they have to use toilets early in the morning before other family members wake upso people who live close to nature their relationship with the environment is difficult its pragmatic and their concern is survival said aiyaduraipeople who live in the city take part in conservation drives without knowing the ground realitiesthey are given a very nice picture of nature in a sanitised way and not nature as something to engage withif you live in a village you need to go to forest for fuelwood but if you look at national parks collecting fuelwood is illegal according to forest laws the forest dwellers would be criminals who commit crimes every day entering or collecting something becomes illegalduring a study on sariska tiger reserve aiyadurai looked at poaching records her team found a tribal woman collecting a porcupine quill being recorded as crimeshe collected it for some ritual some of the crimes are too petty to be booked under wildlife protection act since some activities are illegal people have to suffer huge costs and urban people like us are not paying any costs she saidthe notion behind these protected places is that they are pristine and undisturbed however people are always coming there and local communities live therethis is what i call a primitive way of looking at conservation asking people to move because the place is for wild animals its an inhuman way of conservation