1h nmr techniques in studies of transport of paramagnetic ions in multicellular systems two different pulse sequences used in 1h nmr spectroscopy termed free induction decay amplitude recovery fidar and spinecho recovery ser were applied to studies of transport of paramagnetic ions in multicellular systems the molar relaxivity of several paramagnetic species fe3 co2 ni2 cu2 mn2 mnedta2 dextranmagnetite in water solutions was measured at 32 mhz resonance frequency ionic transport was studied using mn2 and mnedta2 as models for cations and anions respectively and plant root tissue as a model of a multicellular system treatment and justice support for the belief that criminal behaviour was amenable to treatment served different purposes for developing psychiatry it offered a module of power to be exploited whereas for the state it was a convenient disguise for the infliction of pain which was the real intention of punishment having served its purpose the treatment approach is being abandoned in favour of a philosophy of just deserts which is more acceptable in the present political climate