precise stacking of decellularized extracellular matrix based 3d cellladen constructs by a 3d cell printing system equipped with heating modules threedimensional 3d cell printing systems allow the controlled and precise deposition of multiple cells in 3d constructs hydrogel materials have been used extensively as printable bioinks owing to their ability to safely encapsulate living cells however hydrogelbased bioinks have drawbacks for cell printing eg inappropriate crosslinking and liquidlike rheological properties which hinder precise 3d shaping therefore in this study we investigated the influence of various factors eg bioink concentration viscosity and extent of crosslinking on cell printing and established a new 3d cell printing system equipped with heating modules for the precise stacking of decellularized extracellular matrix decmbased 3d cellladen constructs because the phadjusted bioink isolated from native tissue is safely gelled at 37c our heating system facilitated the precise stacking of decm bioinks by enabling simultaneous gelation during printing we observed greater printability compared with that of a nonheating system these results were confirmed by mechanical testing and 3d construct stacking analyses we also confirmed that our heating system did not elicit negative effects such as cell death in the printed cells conclusively these results hold promise for the application of 3d bioprinting to tissue engineering and drug development