hemopneumothorax in a copd patient treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation the risk of attendant anticoagulation noninvasive positive pressure ventilation nippv modalities have been proven to be effective in the setting of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd reported complications include pneumothorax increased work of breathing gastric distension and air embolism this case demonstrates that patients with severe copd on anticoagulant therapy are potentially at risk for the serious complication of combined lung barotrauma and hemorrhage while on acute nippv therapy this is the first reported case of hemopneumothorax complicating nippv therapy the airfluid level in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary tuberculosis has long been associated with the formation of cavities in the lung many reports in the literature indicate that the occurrence of airfluid levels in tuberculosis is unusual the authors present 18 cases of proved active cavitary tuberculosis where airfluid levels occurred during the active phase of the disease the consideration of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of an airfluid containing pulmonary cavity is emphasized and the pathogenesis of cavity formation is discussed