100 kwh by 2030 from above 200 kwh now sodium helps in cost cutting as in this method manganese is used instead of the more expensive and rarer elements cobalt and nickel used in lithium beyond evs india is trying to make itself less polluting and reduce carbon footprint it has internal as well as external commitment for the same according to the paris agreement enforced in november last year the objective of limiting the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2c above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 15c above preindustrial levels unfccc 2015b automobile is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas ghg emission in india and globally the ghg emissions will need to reach netzero in the second half of this century close to 2060 for the b2ds and close to 2090 for the 2ds the transport sector which currently accounts for 23 per cent of global energyrelated ghg emissions will need to deliver major emissions cuts for countries to achieve their goals thus the countries around the world including india has to align itself to achieve this however india is still much behind china the us in terms per capita compared to these countries however the vehicle penetration is also equally low yet if we look at percentage contribution to total global ghg emission india is the thirdlargest contributor at 745 per cent first being china followed by the us which contribute 259 per cent and 1387 per cent respectively so india certainly needs to work towards it but why in the entire narrative in india ev takes the centre stage completely ignoring the other alternate zero emission fuel that is the cause of concern its been over decades that we have worked on hydrogen ethanol and other alternate fuel but failed to have mass implementation if the government can have a focused programme for ev then why not work on this as well the indian government is looking at the battery swapping option model ironically none of the fastgrowing market around the world has this model while in the overseas and developed markets like europe the alternate fuel vehicles have also grown in europe the demand for alternate fuel vehicles continued to grow and in the second quarter it registered a strong growth of 38 per cent compared to the same quarter a year ago a total of 204502 cars with alternative powertrains were registered in the eu accounting for 51 per cent of all passenger cars sold in the second quarter of 2017 electricallychargeable vehicles ecv accounted for 12 per cent of total car sales we see every country offering subsidies to boost the ev sales which ranges between rs 6 lakh and rs 10 lakh for cars while for big vehicles it goes much higher in india the subsidy for cars is rs 15 lakh which is less but since india is mainly a small car market the given subsidy is not that bad