Ulaanbaatar has had many names in its history. From 1639 to 1706, it was known as Örgöö (Mongolian: �����, "residence"), and from 1706 to 1911 as Ikh Khüree (Mongolian: �� = "great", ����� = "camp"), Da Khüree or simply Khüree. Upon independence in 1911,the city's name changed to Niislel Khüree (Mongolian: ������� = "capital", ����� = "camp"). When the city became the capital of the new Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, its name was changed to Ulaanbaatar, literally "red hero", in honour of Mongolia's national hero Damdin Sükhbaatar, that liberated Mongolia from Ungern von Sternberg's troops and Chinese occupation with the Soviet Red Army. In Europe and North America, Ulaanbaatar was generally known as Urga (from "Örgöö") or sometimes "Kuren" (from "Khüree") or "Kulun" (from ��, the Chinese transcription of "Khüree") before 1924.
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