Mario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on "principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells", in other words, gene targeting.
m ɑ ɹ ɹ ɪ oʊ WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY k eɪ p k aɪ WORD_BOUNDARY m ɑ ɹ t ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ eɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ɛ v ə n z WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ l ɪ v ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY s m ɪ θ i z WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ w ɔ ɹ d ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY t uː WORD_BOUNDARY θ aʊ z ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ v ə n WORD_BOUNDARY n oʊ b ɛ l WORD_BOUNDARY p ɹ aɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY f ɪ z ɪ ɑ l ə d̠ʒ i WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY m ɛ d ə s ə n WORD_BOUNDARY f ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː k WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ n WORD_BOUNDARY p ɹ ɪ n s ɪ p ə l z WORD_BOUNDARY f ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n t ɹ ə d uː s ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY s p ə s ɪ f ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ iː n WORD_BOUNDARY m ɑ d ɪ f ɪ k eɪ ʃ ə n z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY m aɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY b aɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY j uː s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ɛ m b ɹ ɪ ɑ n ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY s t ɛ m WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ l z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ ð ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː d z WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ iː n WORD_BOUNDARY t ɑ ɹ ɡ ɪ t ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY