Treatments usually include surgery, chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is a newer treatment which usually has fewer side effects than chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is usually only used if other treatments are no longer effective. There are several FDA-approved immunotherapy treatments for ovarian cancer. Surgery usually involves removing one or both of the ovaries and may also include removing one or both of the fallopian tubes, as well as other nearby tissue. Often the doctor will first remove one ovary and/or fallopian tube through a very small incision (hole cut in the skin.) Depending on the situation, additional surgery may be needed. However, even the best treatments for ovarian cancer often do not work. Compared to some other types of cancer, ovarian cancer is a very bad cancer because there usually are no early signs of it. Also, at this time, there is not a reliable way to check for it before there are signs. This means that most of the time the cancer is not found until it has reached an advanced (late) stage, meaning the problem is already very bad. Ovarian cancer metastasizes (spreads) soon after it starts, often before a doctor or nurse is able to tell that the cancer has started. Once a cancer has started spreading, surgery usually cannot stop it from spreading more. That is why chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be recommended by the doctor after surgery.
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