The word "Zionism" was first used in 1890. It comes from Zion, meaning Jerusalem, though it can also symbolically mean the Land of Israel as a whole. Jewish people at the time lived as minority groups among other nations all across the world, in what was called the diaspora. In the early 19th century, assimilation and legal emancipation were popular ideas among Jews in western Europe. However, in the late 19th century anti-Semitism became a bigger threat, with the 1881 Russian pogroms and the Dreyfus affair in France. This caused some Jewish thinkers to lose faith in the idea of ever being accepted in gentile societies. One of these thinkers was Theodor Herzl, who is often considered the father of modern Political Zionism. In his book, "the Jewish State," Herzl writes that the distinct status of Jews neither can, nor should, be changed. Instead he believed that antisemitism could be stopped by making the Jewish people a nation like any other, through giving them their own land. At the time there were multiple territories up for consideration, the most important being Argentina and Palestine. Herzl argues in favor of Palestine, thinking it would attract more people because of its status as the historic homeland of the Jews. Political Zionism was a secular movement and it was out of pragmatic considerations, rather than religious beliefs, that Palestine was chosen. In 1897 Herzl led the First Zionist Congress. There the Basel Program was adopted, espousing political Zionism and a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel. The World Zionist Organization was created at the congress to support this goal. There were many more congresses after this, and at the fifth Zionist Congress in 1901 the Jewish National Fund was established with the goal of purchasing land in Palestine.
ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː d WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY f ɜː s t WORD_BOUNDARY j uː z d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY θ aʊ z ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY eɪ t h ʌ n d ɹ ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY n aɪ n t i WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY k ʌ m z WORD_BOUNDARY f ɹ ʌ m WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY m iː n ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ ə ɹ ɹ uː s ə l ə m WORD_BOUNDARY ð oʊ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY k æ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ l s oʊ WORD_BOUNDARY s ɪ m b ɑ l ɪ k l i WORD_BOUNDARY m iː n WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY l æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ z ɹ iː ə l WORD_BOUNDARY æ z WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ WORD_BOUNDARY h oʊ l WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY p iː p ə l WORD_BOUNDARY æ t WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY t aɪ m WORD_BOUNDARY l ɪ v d WORD_BOUNDARY æ z WORD_BOUNDARY m aɪ n ɔ ɹ ɪ t i WORD_BOUNDARY ɡ ɹ uː p s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ m ʌ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ ð ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY n eɪ ʃ ə n z WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ l WORD_BOUNDARY ə k ɹ ɑ s WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː l d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY k ɔ l d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d aɪ æ s p ə ɹ ɹ ə WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n ð ɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ɜː l i WORD_BOUNDARY n aɪ n t iː n θ WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ n t̠ʃ ə ɹ ɹ i WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ s ɪ m ɪ l eɪ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY l iː ɡ ə l WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ m æ n s ɪ p eɪ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː WORD_BOUNDARY p ɑ p j ʊ l ə ɹ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY aɪ d iə z WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ m ʌ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ɛ s t ə ɹ n WORD_BOUNDARY j ʊ ɹ ɹ ə p WORD_BOUNDARY h aʊ ɛ v ə ɹ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY l eɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY n aɪ n t iː n θ WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ n t̠ʃ ə ɹ ɹ i WORD_BOUNDARY æ n t aɪ s ɛ m ɪ t ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY b ɪ k eɪ m WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ WORD_BOUNDARY b ɪ ɡ ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY θ ɹ ɛ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ɪ ð ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY θ aʊ z ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY eɪ t h ʌ n d ɹ ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY eɪ t i WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ ʌ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY p ɑ ɡ ɹ ɑ m z WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d ɹ eɪ f ə s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ f ɛ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY f ɹ æ n s WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY k ɔ z d WORD_BOUNDARY s ʌ m WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY θ ɪ ŋ k ə ɹ z WORD_BOUNDARY t ə WORD_BOUNDARY l uː z WORD_BOUNDARY f eɪ θ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n ð ɪ WORD_BOUNDARY aɪ d iə WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ɛ v ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY b iː ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ k s ɛ p t ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ ɛ n t aɪ l WORD_BOUNDARY s ə s aɪ ə t i z WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ð iː z WORD_BOUNDARY θ ɪ ŋ k ə ɹ z WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY θ iː ə d ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY h ɜː z ə l WORD_BOUNDARY h uː WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ f ə n WORD_BOUNDARY k ə n s ɪ d ə ɹ d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY f ɑ ð ə ɹ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY m ɑ d ə ɹ n WORD_BOUNDARY p ə l ɪ t ɪ k ə l WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY h ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY b ʊ k WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY s t eɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY h ɜː z ə l WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ aɪ t s WORD_BOUNDARY ð æ t ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d ɪ s t ɪ ŋ k t WORD_BOUNDARY s t æ t ə s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː z WORD_BOUNDARY n iː ð ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY k æ n WORD_BOUNDARY n ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ʃ ʊ d WORD_BOUNDARY b iː WORD_BOUNDARY t̠ʃ eɪ n d̠ʒ d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n s t ɛ d WORD_BOUNDARY h iː WORD_BOUNDARY b ɪ l iː v d WORD_BOUNDARY ð æ t WORD_BOUNDARY æ n t ɪ s ɛ m ɪ t ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY k ʊ d WORD_BOUNDARY b iː WORD_BOUNDARY s t ɑ p t WORD_BOUNDARY b aɪ WORD_BOUNDARY m eɪ k ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY p iː p ə l WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ WORD_BOUNDARY n eɪ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY l aɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY ɛ n i WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ ð ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY θ ɹ uː WORD_BOUNDARY ɡ ɪ v ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ m WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY oʊ n WORD_BOUNDARY l æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY æ t WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY t aɪ m WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ ɹ w ɜː WORD_BOUNDARY m ʌ l t ɪ p ə l WORD_BOUNDARY t ɛ ɹ ɪ t ɔ ɹ i z WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ p WORD_BOUNDARY f ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY k ə n s ɪ d ə ɹ ɹ eɪ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY m oʊ s t WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ m p ɔ ɹ t ə n t WORD_BOUNDARY b iː ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ ɹ d̠ʒ ə n t iː n ə WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY p æ l ə s t aɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY h ɜː z ə l WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ ɹ ɡ j uː z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY f eɪ v ə ɹ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY p æ l ə s t aɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY θ ɪ ŋ k ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ʊ d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ t ɹ æ k t WORD_BOUNDARY m ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY p iː p ə l WORD_BOUNDARY b ɪ k ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t s WORD_BOUNDARY s t æ t ə s WORD_BOUNDARY æ z WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY h ɪ s t ɔ ɹ ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY h oʊ m l ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː z WORD_BOUNDARY p ə l ɪ t ɪ k ə l WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z ʌ WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ k j ʊ l ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY m uː v m ə n t WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY aʊ t ə v WORD_BOUNDARY p ɹ æ ɡ m æ t ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY k ə n s ɪ d ə ɹ ɹ eɪ ʃ ə n z WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ æ ð ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ ɪ l ɪ d̠ʒ ə s WORD_BOUNDARY b ɪ l iː f s WORD_BOUNDARY ð æ t WORD_BOUNDARY p æ l ə s t aɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY t̠ʃ oʊ z ə n WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY θ aʊ z ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY eɪ t h ʌ n d ɹ ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY n aɪ n t i WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ v ə n WORD_BOUNDARY h ɜː z ə l WORD_BOUNDARY l ɛ d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY f ɜː s t WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ s t WORD_BOUNDARY k ɑ ŋ ɡ ɹ ə s WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY b ɑ z ə l WORD_BOUNDARY p ɹ oʊ ɡ ɹ æ m WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ d ɑ p t ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY ɛ s p aʊ s ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY p ə l ɪ t ɪ k ə l WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ z ə m WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY h oʊ m l ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY l æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ z ɹ iː ə l WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː l d WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ s t WORD_BOUNDARY ɔ ɹ ɡ ʌ n ɪ z eɪ ʃ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY k ɹ iː eɪ t ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY æ t WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY k ɑ ŋ ɡ ɹ ə s WORD_BOUNDARY t ə WORD_BOUNDARY s ə p ɔ ɹ t WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY ɡ oʊ l WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɛ ɹ w ɜː WORD_BOUNDARY m ɛ n i WORD_BOUNDARY m ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY k ɑ ŋ ɡ ɹ ə s ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY æ f t ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY æ t WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY f ɪ f θ WORD_BOUNDARY z aɪ ə n ɪ s t WORD_BOUNDARY k ɑ ŋ ɡ ɹ ə s WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY n aɪ n t iː n h ʌ n d ɹ ɪ d WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ n WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY d̠ʒ uː ɪ ʃ WORD_BOUNDARY n æ ʃ ə n ə l WORD_BOUNDARY f ʌ n d WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ s t æ b l ɪ ʃ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ɪ ð ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY ɡ oʊ l WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY p ɜː t̠ʃ ɪ s ɪ ŋ WORD_BOUNDARY l æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY p æ l ə s t aɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY