The Kurgan hypothesis says that the Volga-Dnieper region of southern Russia and Ukraine is the homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The Indo-Europeans moved across many parts of Eurasia and spread the Indo-European languages and Yamnaya ancestry. Artifacts from these civilizations were found in Ipatovo, Sintashta, Arkaim, and Pazyryk. The earliest known use of horses in war was found in these places as well. This region is known as the Pontic–Caspian steppe. It was named Scythia in classical antiquity.
ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY k ɜː ɡ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY h aɪ p ɑ θ ə s ɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY s ɛ z WORD_BOUNDARY ð æ t ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY v ɑ l ɡ ə d n iː p ə ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ iː d̠ʒ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY s ʌ ð ə ɹ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ ʌ ʃ ə WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY j uː k ɹ eɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY h oʊ m l ə n d WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY p ɹ oʊ t oʊ ɪ n d oʊ j ʊ ɹ ɹ ə p iə n z WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n d oʊ j ʊ ɹ ɹ ə p iə n z WORD_BOUNDARY m uː v d WORD_BOUNDARY ə k ɹ ɑ s WORD_BOUNDARY m ɛ n i WORD_BOUNDARY p ɑ ɹ t s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY j uː ɹ eɪ ʒ ə WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY s p ɹ ɛ d WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n d oʊ j ʊ ɹ ɹ ə p iə n WORD_BOUNDARY l æ ŋ ɡ w ɪ d̠ʒ ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY j æ m n eɪ ə WORD_BOUNDARY æ n s ɛ s t ɹ i WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ ɹ t ɪ f æ k t s WORD_BOUNDARY f ɹ ʌ m WORD_BOUNDARY ð iː z WORD_BOUNDARY s ɪ v ɪ l ɪ z eɪ ʃ ə n z WORD_BOUNDARY w ɜː WORD_BOUNDARY f aʊ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ p ʌ t oʊ v oʊ WORD_BOUNDARY s ɪ n t æ ʃ t ə WORD_BOUNDARY ɑ ɹ k eɪ m WORD_BOUNDARY æ n d WORD_BOUNDARY p eɪ z ɪ ɹ ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ WORD_BOUNDARY ɜː l ɪ ɪ s t WORD_BOUNDARY n oʊ n WORD_BOUNDARY j uː s WORD_BOUNDARY ʌ v WORD_BOUNDARY h ɔ ɹ s ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY w ɔ ɹ WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY f aʊ n d WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY ð iː z WORD_BOUNDARY p l eɪ s ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY æ z WORD_BOUNDARY w ɛ l WORD_BOUNDARY ð ɪ s WORD_BOUNDARY ɹ iː d̠ʒ ə n WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ z WORD_BOUNDARY n oʊ n WORD_BOUNDARY æ z WORD_BOUNDARY ð ə WORD_BOUNDARY p ɔ n t ɪ k WORD_BOUNDARY k æ s p iə n WORD_BOUNDARY s t ɛ p WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ t WORD_BOUNDARY w ʌ z WORD_BOUNDARY n eɪ m d WORD_BOUNDARY s aɪ θ i ə WORD_BOUNDARY ɪ n WORD_BOUNDARY k l æ s ɪ k ə l WORD_BOUNDARY æ n t ɪ k w ɪ t i WORD_BOUNDARY