71827
I was trying to get a full understanding of this sentence's structure:

> 政府が学校の建設を計画しているが、遅々 **として** 進まないので、現地にあるNGO組織が学校づくりを支援している

I know `として` as "As; In", like in `教師として`, "as a teacher", but in this
sentence I don't think it has that meaning; I found other meaning (apart from;
even; from a viewpoint), none of which seems to apply here.

I'm guessing the `と` part is meant to be adverbial, i.e. `遅々 (slow) > 遅々と
(slowly)`, but if that's the case I'm not sure about the `して` part.

I think I get the meaning (The goverment has plans to build [a school], but
since those were proceding slowly, on-site NGOs associations assisted in
building it"), but I'm not sure how `として` fits in.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-09-15T11:30:11.533
71820
2019-09-16T00:44:36.947
35362
question
usage grammar
Is として in this sentence adverbial?
So, the simple answer to your question is that
[遅々として](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%81%85%E3%80%85%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6)
is a set phrase, and is used commonly enough with `進まない` that the [whole
thing](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%81%85%E3%80%85%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E9%80%B2%E3%81%BE%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)
is in the dictionary as a set phrase.

That said, it's also worth keeping in mind that not every instance of `とする`
and `として` necessarily have to be mean `as`.
[とする](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B) has quite a few
different usages, and it can also just come about coincidentally with adverbs
taking `と`, which is what happened here.

You might see constructions like

> 話を延々とする (to speak endlessly)

or

> 漠然とした予感 (a vague suspicion)

both of which are not instances of `とする` meaning `as`, but the result of
[延々](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%BB%B6%E3%80%85) and
[漠然](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%BC%A0%E7%84%B6) being adverbs which take
`と`.

Edit: Just for clarity's sake here, these two examples are slightly different
things. `話を延々とする` is just a と-adverb in the middle of `話をする`, whereas
`漠然とした予感` is a common pattern where `とした` is used after a と-adverb to qualify
a noun. For the latter pattern, you can also find quite a few examples with an
[quick
search](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F&ref=sa),
but trying to explain this construction is beyond the scope of this question.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-09-15T18:11:50.693
71827
2019-09-16T00:44:36.947
2019-09-16T00:44:36.947
7705
7705
71820
answer