I would like to know the difference between these three ways (using the word
あまり) to say 'so much ... that'. Which extra sense give the particles に and にも?

I can't see the difference between あまり
(<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-
jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A-amari/>) and あまりに / あまりにも
(<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-
jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB-amari-ni/>).

Please feel free to provide example sentences so I can see clearly the
difference.

Thank you so much in advance for your answers!
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question
grammar word-usage
Difference between あまり , あまりに and あまりにも
あまり is different from others, that means "some" or "not much". The examples
are

  1. あまりひどくない。 That is not bad well. 

  2. あまりにひどい。 That is very bad. 

  3. あまりにもひどい。 That is unimaginable terrible. That is terribly bad.
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answer
The root meaning of あまり is _overdose_ (of something). Like something is too
much or over the top limit.

It comes from 余る (surplus).

It can be used as a noun. For example:

> 苦痛のあまり **に** 泣いた。 : She cried **on** an overdose of pain. (if it makes
> sense)

It can be used as an adjectival participle. For example:

> 値段が余りに高い。 : the price is too high. (it is overpriced, basically)

It can be used as an adverb (usually in a negative sentence). For example:

> **余り** 出来がよくない。 : He does not do **very** well.

It can be used as a suffix. For example;

> 百名余りの従業員。 : Employees over a hundred names. (more than 100 employees)

<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/6483/meaning/m0u/>

As you can see all of the usages basically are the same あまり and the meaning
don't differ that much.

Now with the examples I think you can understand what に does, so I will only
explain も:

も often brings a nuance of emphasis to what's behind it, as if it is something
unexpected and/or a too much:

> 二回 **も** やったよ。 : I **even** did it twice!
>
> 2時間 **も** かかった。 : It **even** took 2 hours.

[https://www.weblio.jp/content/余りにも](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%99%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82)

The も in あまりにも is doing nothing more than emphasis what comes behind it. You
can see examples on this page:

<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%99%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82>

**EDIT** :

When used to mean "so much... that", the only difference is the usage. It is
not the actual meaning of あまり that you have a problem with here. You just have
troubles understanding the particle に.

As it is mentioned on Japanesetest4you:

> あまりに and あまり both mean “so much… that”, however the placement is different.
> あまりに is placed before verbs, adjectives and Nouns, not after.

Now if you have specific sentences you struggle with I can explain it better

**EDIT 2** :

I don't feel like there is a difference in meaning between two phrases like:

> あまりの興奮に前後を忘れて,
>
> 興奮のあまりに前後を忘れて,

But, I just found a phrase in which replacing one by another would change the
meaning:

> あまりの不思議をみせられて,
>
> 不思議のあまりをみせられて,

I feel like the second one isn't quite right. I can't find an explanation to
it but I'll edit my answer when I can think of something.

As for your other question, it really depends on the case, when あまり is used as
an adverb, it cannot be after the verb.

> あまり～しない/する

If you use あまり after the verb in this case, it would not be an adverb but a
noun. As for the meaning, it would basically be the same as I explained
earlier.

> Also, when saying "to much ... that", which extra nuance gives あまりに/あまりにも?

Here again it depends on the nature of あまり. If it is an adjectival participle
for example like in 値段が余りに高い。, the に is part of あまり because あまり acts like an
adjective.

But if it is a noun like in 嬉しさのあまり, the difference between it with に and
without に basically comes down to its relation with the verb. If you know the
difference between something like するとき and するときに, you should have no problem
understanding this. When に is used, it is directly linked to the verb of the
following proposition.

> 苦痛のあまりに泣いてしまった。
>
> 苦痛のあまり泣いてしまった。

Can you see the difference?
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answer