68187
In these sentences, I don't understand this particular use of volitional + と.
It seems that it's interchangeable with ように or ために in these cases. But I've
never seen Volitional + と used like this.

>   1. 困ってしまった他の神様たちは、天照に岩の外に出てき来てもら **おうと**
> 、彼女が隠れている岩戸の前でお酒を飲みながら歌ったり踊ったりわらったりして、大騒ぎをしました。
>
>   2. そこである日、僕は、オーディションを受けさせてもら **おうと** 、ある学校の校長に電話をかけました。
>
>   3. 私は化粧をなお **そうと** 、トイレへ向かった。
>
>   4. 彼は講義をよく聞 **こうと** 、最前列の席に座った。
>
>

A dialogue I found in the One Punch Man
[webcomic](http://galaxyheavyblow.web.fc2.com/fc2-imageviewer/?aid=1&iid=112)
(around page 5):

>   5. 重すぎる期待に応え **ようと** 焦ってはいかんぞキング
>

* * *

These are the only Volitional + と uses I am aware of

1) Volitional + とする (trying/attempting to do something)

> 左手で書 **こうと** した。I tried to write with my left hand

2) Volitional + と (same meaning as 1, but acting adverbially)

> 電話に出 **ようと** 立ち上がる。 Stand up trying to pick up the phone.

3) Volitional + と思う/考える (thinking of doing/considering doing)

> 冬休みは海外旅行に行 **こうと** 思った。 I thought, “I will go abroad in the winter
> vacation.”
>
> 医学の勉強のためにドイツに渡 **ろうと** 考えている。I'm thinking of going to Germany for my medical
> studies.

4) Volitional + と (even if, acts like ても)

> 雨が降 **ろうと** 風が吹 **こうと** 、毎日見回りに出る。 Even if it's raining, even if it's windy,
> I go out on patrol every day.

The closest connection I can see with the sentences above is with 2), but it
doesn't seem to be natural in some of the sentences.

If this is a completely different usage of volitional + と, I would appreciate
an explanation of it's usage and some examples.

Resources I used:

[Volitional + と +
Verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9688/volitional-%E3%81%A8-verb)

[What does volitional + と
mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27604/what-does-
volitional-%E3%81%A8-mean)

[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/)

* * *

Additional question:

How would I interpret these sentences?

> 私は合格し **ようと** 頑張った。

Would I say this sentence is the same as:

私は合格する **つもりで** 頑張った。I tried my best intending to pass the exam

私は合格し **ようと思って** 頑張った。I tried my best thinking I'd pass the exam

私は合格し **ようとして** 頑張った。 I tried my best trying to pass the exam (sounds
ungrammatical)

> 重すぎる期待に応え **ようと** 焦ってはいかんぞキング

重すぎる期待に応える **つもり** で焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed with the intention of
answering to heavy expectations King (sounds ungrammatical)

重すぎる期待に応え **ようと思って** 焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed thinking you'll meet their
expectations King

重すぎる期待に応え **ようとして** 焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed trying to meet their
expectations king
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-05-13T11:34:16.657
68186
2019-05-14T10:00:03.373
2019-05-13T23:45:59.220
27851
27851
question
grammar particles particle-と volitional-form
How is Volitional + と used in these sentences?
In this particular case, the おう（ろう、こう、etc） or まい for a negative indicates a
person's intention. So you are correct, in this context it is similar in
meaning to ために or ように, although these two are more objective / place less
emphasis on the internal thoughts of the person. と + a complex sentence
indicates the way in which this intention is related to the action described
after it.

The examples 1-3 you gave are just variants of this usage. All of them
indicate a person's intention / thoughts and relate them to whatever they are
about to do with the と or simply end the sentence there with した、思った、考えた etc if
the sentence simply describes the intention or connects it to a less elaborate
action. As you remarked, the usage in 2. is exactly equivalent to that in the
first four sentences and the OPM quote.

To give an example translation for one of the sentences:

> そこである日、僕は、オーディションを受けさせてもらおうと、ある学校の校長に電話をかけました。

translates literally to

> And then, one day, I called the principal of a certain school, intending to
> get him to let me get an audition.

or less literally

> And then, one day, I called the principal of a certain school to get an
> audition.

Sometimes the volitional is literally used like a 'quote'. As an example, you
could translate the sentence with the negative まい

> 「簡単{かんたん}にはやられまいと、決死{けっし}の覚悟{かくご}で応戦{おうせん}した」

liberally as

> "'I won't fall without a fight', he thought to himself, as he engaged the
> enemy, fully prepared to die in the process."

in which case you would be hard pressed to interchange the volitional with
「ために、」or「ように、」, since

> 「簡単{かんたん}にはやられないためにと、決死{けっし}の覚悟{かくご}で応戦{おうせん}した」

would make it sound like survival was an important objective, while this is
not the case in the original sentence. On the other hand, an alternative TL
for the first sentence could be

> "He engaged the enemy, fully prepared to die, in order to make his death
> count."

In which case you could reverse-translate it into

> 「自分{じぶん}の死{し}が無駄{むだ}にならないようにと、決死の覚悟で応戦した。」

So there's certainly some clear overlap in the meaning, but they are not
equivalent.

* * *

For the additional question (and to clarify a bit more):

> 合格しようと頑張った。

I wouldn't say this sentence is the same as any of the other examples, but
rather, kind of like a 'combination' of them. It could be interpreted as any
of the following (which are not equivalent, so reverse-translation would not
work):

> 「合格するつもりで頑張った」；「合格する気で頑張った」
>
> I worked hard, intending to pass the exam.

Here, the intention is emphasized much more than in the original sentence. 気
emphasizes the state of mind, while つもり is more based on rational thought. I'd
say both are equally close to the original sentence.

> 「合格しようとして頑張った」
>
> I worked hard, trying to pass the exam.

This one does indeed feel somewhat redundant. I can't say it's absolutely
incorrect, but it sounds awkward, and usually you would drop the して. In terms
of meaning, I think this would emphasize the idea that they tried doing
different things in order to succeed. It doesn't sound equivalent to the
original, in any case.

> 「合格しようと思って頑張った」；「『合格しよう』と頑張った」
>
> I worked hard, thinking to myself "I'm going to pass this exam".

While it's probably hard to tell from my translation, this emphasizes a
combination of superficial thoughts and feelings. Unlike with つもり, this
focuses less on rational thought and sounds lighter in tone. Unlike with 気,
this is more shallow in tone (kind of like "simple thoughts" vs "a fundamental
driving force"), and more thought-based than emotion-based.

For the OPM example, while grammatically, you could convert to any of the
examples / all of them could be correct in a sense,

> 重すぎる期待に応えようとして焦ってはいかんぞキング

is the one that feels most natural (although not as natural as the original
sentence). 重すぎる期待に応えるつもりで gives the impression that King was "planning" to
meet the unrealistically heavy expectations (presumably based on some logical
reason), while the speaker probably assumes that King's actions were more
driven by an emotional basis (since he adds 焦っていかん). At least that's how I'd
interpret it.

> 重すぎる期待に応えようと思って焦ってはいかんぞキング

sounds like "I know your mind is going " _I'm going to meet the expectations,
no matter what._ " right now, but don't rush things, King." This is a very
liberal TL of course. Still, I feel the original sentence did not put this
much emphasis on thought, but rather focused on what King was about to do, so
it does not feel as natural (to me) as the original or the one with として. It's
possible that I'm interpreting this wrong, though. Either way, the ようと思って form
is still quite close to the original, all things considered.

This is probably the type of thing that you get a better feel for in time, as
you get more exposure to the language.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-05-13T12:45:34.627
68187
2019-05-14T10:00:03.373
2019-05-14T10:00:03.373
34007
34007
68186
answer