It has been awhile since I studied/ used my Japanese, so I bought a
dictionary. While looking around in it I found the word つむ{tsumu} - to pick ,
to pluck.

The example sentence used for the word is:

> 'かそく{kazoku} で{de} はたけ{hatake} で{de} いちご{ichigo} を{o} つみました{tsumimasita}.' -
> They picked strawberries in the field as a family.

I am a bit confused by this.

  1. The first で - I normally use Xで as a way to say by means of X. For example: I came by bus, an inanimate object, but in this case the family, an animate object, is being referenced. Why is と not being used?

  2. The second で - Why is this not a (target) に instead of a で?

I looked in my grammar books for an explanation but could not find anything
that addressed these usages.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks, Dave
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-05-23T05:59:17.993
58905
2018-06-07T09:23:02.400
2018-06-07T09:23:02.400
542
30016
question
particle-に particle-と particle-で
The double use of で in a sentence
the first **de** , meaning "as" or "in the form of", is used instead of **to**
, meaning "with", because this is not a case of some unspoken "I" telling the
reader about their experience with their family, rather it's a third person
view of an unrelated family.

(although **kazoku de** and **kazoku to issho** can both be used to talk about
doing something as family, the **to issho** form, without any other
information, implies that it's YOU and your family while with **kazoku de** ,
that information doesn't specifically imply whether you are talking about
yourself or not.)

You see this **de** form in cases where the point being made is that everyone
is part of some group:

kurasu (class) **de** kouen ni itta. (We/They went to the park as a class.)  
danjo pea- (pair) **de** kimodameshi ni sanka shita. (We/They participated in
a test of courage as co-ed pairs.)

the second **de** is being used instead of **ni** because **ni** is more
appropriately used for showing movement in/toward some place, while **de** is
more appropriate for marking the location where some non-movement action is
happening.

kazoku de kouen **ni** itta. (We/They went **to** the park as a family.)  
kazoku de kouen **de** baabekyuu o shita. (We/They had a barbecue **at** the
park, as a family.)
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-05-23T07:57:14.717
58908
2018-06-06T13:50:38.207
2018-06-06T13:50:38.207
29347
29347
58905
answer
The first で means "動作・作用の行われる状態(manner of an action)". For example, 一人で旅行した(I
traveled by myself), 彼ら自身でその家を作った(They made the house by themselves).

と means "with". For example, 私は彼女と旅行した(I traveled with my girlfriend),
友達と昼御飯を食べた(I ate lunch with my friends).

家族と旅行した and 家族で旅行した are the same meaning. However you can't say 友達で旅行した but
友達と旅行した. This is because this で means "including me", so 友達で can't include
"me". 友達と三人で旅行した make sense because it can include "me", and it is the same
meaning as 友達二人と旅行した(I traveled with two my friends).

As for the second で, generally, place+で+action, place+に+state. For example,
公園で走る, not 公園に走る, 公園にいる, not 公園でいる.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-05-23T09:28:28.740
58912
2018-05-23T09:28:28.740
7320
58905
answer