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> A : この電車は東京へ行きますか。
>
> B : いいえ、行きません。次の「普通」ですよ。

I'm not sure what B meant by 'the next local train'. It sounds like he's
saying that 'this train is the next local train' which meaning I could not
understand. My friend suggested that he must have meant 'it's the next local
train (that will go to Tokyo)' but the topic is 'This train'.
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grammar particle-は
次の「普通」What does it mean?
B is is saying:

> It's the next (local) train _that you need to take_ / _is going to Tokyo_.

There is no explicit topic in this sentence.

The person replied to A's question with いいえ、行きません。 and added a suggestion
based on a (quite natural) guess that a person asking about some target
station intends to go to that station.

By asking a question you are not binding the person to adhere to whatever form
you used.

It's quite parallel to English:

>   * Is this train going to Tokyo?
>   * No, the next one is.
>

In the question a subject is "this train", in the reply it changes to "a train
going to Tokyo".
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Your friend is correct in his/her understanding.

> A : この電車は東京へ行きますか。
>
> B : いいえ、行きません。次の「普通」ですよ。

In A's question, "this train" is surely the subject. It is explicitly
mentioned.

When B replies, however, s/he utters two short sentences with a different (and
unmentioned) subject for each.

That is the Japanese language; It is all about context.

> A: "Does this train go to Tokyo?"
>
> B: "No, it doesn't. The next local train does/goes to Tokyo."
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> A : この電車は東京へ行きますか。
>
> B : いいえ、行きません。(あなたがお探しの電車は）次の「普通」ですよ。

Native Japanese people can understand that「お探しの電車は」「正しい電車は」or「東京に行くのは」are
abbreviated. It is clear according to the context and situation.

One note is that 「東京」is the biggest station in Japan, so any express trains
must stop at Tokyo station. Therefore, the context doesn't make sense in a
certain point of view.
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> A : この電車は東京へ行きますか。  
>  B : いいえ、行きません。次の「普通」ですよ。

Bは省略された表現です。省略しない場合は次のようになります。

> B : **いいえ、** この電車は東京へ **行きません。** 東京へ行く電車は **次の「普通」** 電車（または「普通」列車） **ですよ。**

なお、電車の種類には、普通列車（≒普通電車）、快速列車（≒快速電車）、急行列車（≒急行電車）、特急列車（「特別急行列車」の省略）のようなものがあります。

快速列車と急行列車の違いは、前者は急行料金が不要なことで、区分としては普通列車に入ることが[ここ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A)に書かれています。
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