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Are there any examples of people using verbs such as いただく, 参る, 申す, いたす (and
their 尊敬語 counterparts, along with the various other humble/respectful verbs)
in those plain forms, rather than conjugated as 丁寧語? I also mean at the end of
a sentence, rather than as part of a larger clause that requires dictionary
forms.
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2016-07-01T08:02:19.230
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2016-07-07T22:29:23.887
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conjugations politeness keigo
When would you use 敬語 in its plain forms?
丁寧語 is about who you are talking to. Its use is to be polite to your
listener/reader.

尊敬語/謙譲語 are about who you are talking about. These patterns show respect to
the agent. 謙譲語 to lower yourself (or someone on the same side as you vis-a-vis
your listener) and 尊敬語 to raise the person you're talking about.

Thus, you can say

> 先生からみかんをいただいた。

or

> 先生が私にりんごをくださった。

when speaking to a friend to simultaneously respect the teacher and
communicate casually with a friend.

To kind of complete the pattern,

> 友達から鉛筆をもらいました。

makes sense to say to a teacher about something that happened with a peer.

I can't imagine when you could say 申す at the end by itself considering for its
meaning...
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2016-07-01T08:10:47.803
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This happens all the time in 時代劇{じだいげき}：

>   * 「黒田と **申{もう}す** 」 - I am called Kuroda
>
>   * 「仰{おお}せの通{とお}りに **致{いた}す** 」 - (I) shall do just as (you) have spoken
>
>
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2016-07-01T08:45:32.443
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I can think of three cases:

  1. Speaking casually _to_ a friend _about_ a 先生 or other respected figure, as [virmaior](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/36340/15760) pointed out

  2. In older materials, or materials set in older settings like 時代劇

  3. In written materials like newspapers

The common thread here is a difference between the two types of polite
language. 敬語 is about _reinforcing the social order_ : respecting the
acknowledged hierarchy that exists between samurai and lords, or between
shopkeepers and customers, regardless of their personal relationship or
attitudes. 丁寧語 is more about the _relationship_ between speaker and
interlocutor: being polite to someone as a sign of personal respect,
unfamiliarity, and/or distance.

So getting back to the specifics, the lack of です・ます体 in newspapers is probably
mostly about saving space, but it only flies because there's not as direct of
a connection between the writer and reader, which is also why you don't
usually see it in, say, novels - the point is to convey information or a
story, not create a strong relationship with the reader. It has more of a
place in spoken language. And the type of 謙譲語有り・丁寧語無し speech that sazarando
pointed out makes sense for a samurai who knows his place but also isn't going
out of his way to ingratiate himself. (It's also not that unusual for the
time; somewhere along the way people went from using 普通形 by default unless
they wanted to be polite to using 丁寧語 by default unless they're familiar.) For
customer service or business situations (which is where you mostly hear 敬語
nowadays), you can see why you'd want to use both to emphasize both respect
and politeness.
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In earlier time, say pre- or mid-war Japan, people were more conscious of
whom, when and where they should use 丁寧語, 謙譲語, 尊敬語 and distinction of their
usages. But it seems people are not so serious today in observing the rules of
the verbal locutions of expressing politeness, humiliation and respect.

In fact, there is a prevailing phenomenon of “ため口をきく” meaning a junior
addresses and speak to a senior in the manner of equal position and status
among young generations.

Today, the strict rules and manners of 丁寧語, 謙譲語, 尊敬語 are observed only in
places such as among the shop clerks in department stores, receptionists and
service staffs in high-class hotels, restaurants, and air-counters, where they
are traind to observe the rules in speaking to customers.

With that said, all the examples of 参る, 申す, いたす, you quoted, except
戴く(頂く）sound old-fashioned, or are almost obsolete today, at least as a spoken
language. However, 戴く(頂く）is frequently used today as in:

先ほどお電話を頂きましたが - I received a phone from you a few minute ago,…

これ、頂いてもいいですか – Can I have this one?

We used to say and write:

1.明日１０時に参上いたします - I’ll come to you at 10:00 am.

2.そういう具合には参らない – It won’t go like that.

3.そのように申し上げましたが – I said so, but …

4.私、田中と申します – My name is Tanaka.

5.今後一層努力いたす所存でございます – We will make further efforts (to comply with your
expectation).

But all of these expressions except 4. appear antiquated today, and only are
surviving in 時代劇 - period dramas, like Shakespean dramas.
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