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Some verbs, like 過ぎる can be added to the stem of other verbs to alter the
meaning, (食べる>食べ過ぎる), can 過ぎる be used alone in specific circumstances? Are
there verbs which are either grammatically incorrect when used alone, but
still are classified as a verb, or verbs which can never be used alone in any
context, despite being usable alone without being grammatically incorrect?
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2015-05-24T12:21:05.440
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2016-09-23T22:08:30.143
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verbs adverbs subsidiary-verbs compound-verbs
Are there verbs that simply cannot work alone under any circumstances?
(Compiling a few comments into one big answer, hope nobody minds.)

To answer your first question, 過ぎる can be used alone. It means "pass," as
noted in comments by user4092.

> 賞味期限を三日過ぎた豚肉
>
> Pork three days past its best-by date

Your second question is trickier. In modern linguistics, words are classified
based on how they function. You could argue that a word that can't function as
a verb really shouldn't be classified as one. (This is why many languages have
a separate class for "auxiliary verbs", words that conjugate and otherwise
behave like verbs but cannot serve as the main verb in a sentence. Some
linguists see this distinction in Japanese too, and speak of an "auxiliary
verb" class as described in comments.)

However, there are some words in Japanese that began as independent verbs but
are now almost invariably used in an auxiliary-ish way (as part of a "compound
verb phrase", if you like), like sobireru and aguneru as mentioned by
chocolate. Many of these would probably fit the description "verbs which can
never be used alone in any context, despite being usable alone without being
grammatically incorrect," at least in contemporary Japanese. (People might
concede the point if you argued that it wasn't _wrong_ to use sobireru as an
independent word, but it would probably still sound weird to them.)

Incidentally, looking at the history of Japanese, many morphemes that are now
indisputably "auxiliaries," completely unable to stand alone, started this way
(-masu, for example, was once mairasuru). Basically, what we are looking at is
examples of verbs that picked up an auxiliary-ish use and then also lost their
non-auxiliaryish use -- as opposed to verbs like "sugiru" that picked up an
auxiliaryish use but still thrive as an independent verb too. (In fact
"sugiru" has arguably split into an "auxiliary verb" and a "verb," depending
how you want to slice things.)
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2016-08-05T08:31:50.217
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2020-06-17T08:18:27.500
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i guess... Looking for a true [auxiliary verb] or verb-suffix in Jp.

How about めく ?

i don't think it can be used by itself.

> <http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%81%E3%81%8F>
>
> －め・く --- 接尾語 カ行 四段活用
>
> ① 〔名詞・形容詞・形容動詞の語幹に付いて〕…らしくなる。…のように見える。▽四段動詞を作る。「春めく」「古めく」「ほのめく」「今めく」。
>
> ② 〔擬声語・擬態語に付いて〕…という音を立てる。…のような状態になる。▽四段動詞を作る。「そよめく」「きらめく」「ひしめく」。

[「めく」の使い方、どのような場合に「めく」を使うのが自然ですか。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29855/16344)

Also:

－そ・む 【初む】 〔動詞の連用形に付いて〕…し始める。初めて…する。「言ひそむ」「聞きそむ」「咲きそむ」「立ちそむ」
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