100705
いらせらる consists of いる and せらる, the passive of suru I think, so why is it in
未然形? Usually, if a verb is and can be paired with する, it'd be in continuative
form, so you'd say things like 入りもしない、 or 入りやしない. It makes no sense, unless
it's actually いらせる/いらす + らる.
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conjugations archaic-language
Why is いる in いらせらる conjugated いら, in 未然形, instead of 入り?
**いらせらる** = _**ir-ase-rar-u**_ (→ modern
[いらっしゃる](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%82%8B))

_**ir-**_ = **stem**

_**-(s)ase-**_ = Causative (Variant with initial _s_ was used with most vowel-
stem verbs, except verb _se-_ (す, modern する).) (This suffix itself was weak-
vowel-stem verb ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}).) **(In the context of etymology of いらっしゃる,
honorific/respectual function of this suffix should be assumed.)**

_**-(r)are-**_ = Spontaneous/Passive/Potential/ **Honorific** (Variant with
initial _r_ was used with most vowel-stem verbs, except verb _se-_ (す, modern
する).) (This suffix itself was weak-vowel-stem verb ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}).) **(In
the context of etymology of いらっしゃる, honorific/respectual function of this
suffix should be assumed.)**

_**-u**_ = **Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}**

いらせらる must be from Middle Japanese, but Middle Japanese preserved behavior of
attaching of _-u_ resulting from rules of phonology of Old Japanese.
(Frellesvig (2010, page 63): "The passive auxiliary variant _-rare-_ ,
attaching to vowel base verbs, does not appear in the language until EMJ (see
8.4.1) and forms no part of OJ, although it is included in some grammars.")

In Old Japanese, in most cases, 2 consecutive vowels were not allowed. When
inflection would cause appearance of consecutive vowels, either fusion of
them, or elision of one of them must have occurred.

For weak-vowel-stem verbs ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}), when attaching suffix beginning
with vowel (e.g. _-u_ ), last vowel of stem is elided and first vowel of
suffix is preserved. Examples:

_-(r)are-_ + _-u_ → _-(r)aru_ (modern _-(r)areru_ )

_ide-_ + _-u_ → _idu_ (出{い}づ, modern 出{で}る)

_miti-_ + _-u_ → _mitu_ (満{み}つ, modern 満{み}ちる)

For strong-vowel-stem verbs ([一段活用]{いちだんかつよう}), when attaching suffix
beginning with vowel (e.g. _-u_ ), last vowel of stem is preserved and first
vowel of suffix is elided. Examples:

_mi-_ + _-u_ → _mi_ (見{み}, modern 見{み}る)

_ni-_ + _-u_ → _ni_ (似{に}, modern 似{に}る)

* * *

At least synchronically, Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} of all vowel-stem verbs was
created by attaching _-ru_ to Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}:

_-(r)aru_ + _-ru_ → _-(r)aruru_ (modern _-(r)areru_ )

_idu_ + _-ru_ → _iduru_ (出{い}づる, modern 出{で}る)

_mitu_ + _-ru_ → _mituru_ (満{み}つる, modern 満{み}ちる)

_mi_ + _-ru_ → _miru_ (見{み}る, modern 見{み}る)

_ni_ + _-ru_ → _niru_ (似{に}る, modern 似{に}る)

Since Early Middle Japanese, Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} of strong-vowel-stem
verbs (一段活用) (e.g. _miru_ , _niru_ ) was used as
Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}, and original forms (e.g. _mi_ , _ni_ ) were
no longer used.

Many centuries later, similar replacement of Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}
with Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} occurred for almost all other verbs which
formerly had distinction (weak-vowel-stem verbs, irregular verbs) and
adjectives (modern _-i_ adjectives) (suppletive copula _da_ / _na_ still has
distinction between Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} and
Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい}, but these are forms which evolved in Late Middle
Japanese or Early Modern Japanese; originally main extended copula was _ni
ar-_ / _nar-_ : Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} _ni ar(i|u)_ / _nar(i|u)_ ,
Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} _ni aru_ / _naru_ ).

* * *

いらせらる does not include any form of verb する.

* * *

Frellesvig (2010, "A History of the Japanese Language", page 369, 371):

> 12.7 Honorific language
>
> Through its history Japanese has had grammatical expression of what is very
> generally characterized as _honorific language_ ( _keigo_ 敬語). It is common
> to distinguish two independent parameters: _exaltation_ (12.7.1) and
> _politeness_ (12.7.2).
>
> 12.7.1 Exaltation
>
> Exaltation characterizes the social relation between those spoken about, or
> between the speaker and those spoken about, and exaltation is sometimes
> referred to as _social deixis_. Two overall parameters are distinguished:
> (a) 'respect' ( _sonkei_ 尊敬), also referred to as 'esteemed subject',
> 'respect for subject', 'subject exaltation'; and (b) 'humility' ( _kenjō_
> 謙譲), which in the Japanese descriptive tradition, which focuses on the
> subject, may be termed 'humble subject', but which in more recent
> scholarship in English is referred to as 'respect for object' (or indirect
> object), or 'object exaltation'; here we use the English equivalents of the
> Japanese terms, _respect_ and _humility_ , for these two categories.
>
> (...)
>
> 12.7.1.2 Predicate exaltation
>
> Overall, exaltation on predicates has been expressed in three main ways,
> namely by (a) auxiliaries, e.g. OJ _-(a)s-_ RESP, _-(a)sime-_ CAUS
> (enhancing a following respect expression); EMJ/LMJ _-rare-_ PASS (used for
> respect), _-sase-_ CAUS (enhancing a following respect expression), (b)
> auxiliary verbs, e.g. _-tamap-_ RESP, _-mawir-_ HUM, _-tatematur-_ HUM, and
> (c) lexical suppletion, e.g. _imas-_ 'be, come, go, RESP', _kakur-_ 'die'
> ('hide oneself'), _tukapematur-_ 'serve.HUM', _mawos-_ 'say.HUM, speak.HUM',
> _mawir-_ 'enter.HUM', and many, many others. As mentioned, the expression of
> humility has always been less developed than respect, and this is also
> reflected in the fact that humility has never been expressed by auxiliaries,
> only by auxiliary verbs and suppletive lexical verbs.
>
> The inventories of forms used in these functions have changed over time, as
> have rules for their combinations. However, with a few exceptions the basic
> system of respect and humility has not changed much between OJ and cNJ. In
> Old Japanese, as opposed to later stages, 'respect for subject' could be
> used by the speaker about himself, e.g. _wa ga tata-s-ere-ba_ I GEN stand-
> RESP-STAT.PROV 'as I stand' ( _KK_ 2), spoken by the god _Yachihoko no kami
> no mikoto_. This is referred to as 'absolute [as opposed to relative]
> respect' and disappeared in the transition to EMJ. Exaltation is ubiquitous
> in the literary prose texts from EMJ and early LMJ. Not only were multiple,
> mutually reenforcing combinations of respect expressions used, such as
> _-sase-rare-tamap-_ CAUS-PASS-RESP, expressing a high degree of respect, but
> humility and respect was often expressed on one verb, usually expressing the
> respect of the speaker (writer) towards the subject of the verb, but
> expressing the humility of the subject towards the (indirect) object, for
> example in the combination _-tatematuri-tamap-_ HUM-RESP. The combination of
> respect and humility went out of use in late LMJ and is no longer part of
> the system. The varied and frequent use of exalting expressions is so
> prominent in the literary texts from EMJ and early LMJ, especially the
> _monogatari_ , that it is a distinctive feature of the appearance and image
> of these texts. It is, however, not likely that exalting expressions were as
> widely used in common language as they were in the refined and elegant
> language of the court ladies and nobles. Through LMJ, the use of exalting
> expressions in the texts declined somewhat, probably reflecting more
> everyday and less elegant language use, rather than structural changes. In
> cNJ, exalting language has been regularized to mainly morphological
> expression, with a small number of auxiliaries and auxiliary verbs and far
> fewer suppletive verbs than in EMJ or LMJ. It should finally be mentioned
> that despite the prominence of the use of exalting expressions in
> metalinguistic consciousness and the importance assigned to it in normative
> discourse about Japanese, a number of Japanese dialects do not use exalting
> language.
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100705
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100702
answer