I am confused about the 'double/compound verbs' when used in a sentence. For
example in the following phrases...

>   1. 自分をファーストネームで呼んでもらいたい...
>   2. ルーカスさんが車でアパート探しに連れて行ってくれた。
>   3. ルーカスさんの知人の家のパーティーに連れて行ってもらった。
>   4. 電話番号をもらっておいた。
>

I am confused why these verbs exist. What I thought about is a much simpler
way, like

>   2. ルーカスさんが車でアパート探しに連れてた。
>   3. 電話番号をもらった。
>

I have heard native Japanese speak with these compound verbs. But what
mistakes/connotations/nuances am I making if I just used the 'simple' verbs?

Your insights would be great.
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question
verbs compound-verbs
"compound verbs" in the following sentences
It could help to think of the chained verbs as a series of actions or if you
are familiar with Japanese adverbs, think of the final verb in the compound as
the actual action and the verbs preceding it in て-form as an adverbial
describing _how_.

> ルーカスさんが車でアパート探しに **連れて行って** くれた。

Think of 「 **連れて** 行く」 as "to go (somewhere) **leading** (somebody)" (i.e. to
take somebody along).

> ルーカスさんが車でアパート探しに連れて行って **くれた** 。

Now think of the previous verb as an adverbial describing how 「くれる」. " **To
do** (something) **for** (somebody) going (somewhere) leading (somebody)".
Somebody can refer to oneself.

> Mr. Lucas, with a car, to apartment hunting, **did the favor of taking
> _himself_ along**.

Or in more natural English:

> Mr. Lucas joined me in my hunt for an apartment with his car.

Your sentence:

> ルーカスさんが車でアパート探しに **連れてた** 。

It is the colloquial form of 連れていた and has a completely different meaning from
連れて行ってくれた. I'll assume you meant 連れた.

> Mr. Lucas, with a car, to apartment hunting, led (something or somebody).

This is much more ambiguous from when 行く and くれる are used. First of all, it
doesn't mean taking somebody along but only leading something. The omission of
くれる also leaves it unclear what was done to what.
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answer