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>
> 例えば、東北地方に「なげる」という方言がある。これは「捨てる」という意味だが、方言を知らない人が「これをなげて」と言われて、「投げる」だと解釈して、ごみを投げ返して
> **怒られた** という話がある。

My question is about the word 「怒られた」. For the dictionary form「怒る」, there are
two meanings in the dictionary, one is to "to get angry"（自動詞）, the other is
"to scold"（他動詞）.

Which interpretation is better "indirect passive" (A got angry and B was
negatively affected) or "direct passive" (A scolded B)?

My teacher (who is not a native speaker) said that to use the "indirect
passive voice", there must be 「に」, the one that takes/took the action:
（Bは）Aに怒られた。 But there is no「に」in the above sentence, so it must mean "got
scolded". I have some doubt about his explanation.

For reference, [the definition of 怒る from
大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%93%E3%82%8B):

> **おこ・る ［2］ 【怒る】**
>
> （ 動ラ五［四］ ）  
>  ① 腹を立てる。立腹する。いかる。 「真っ赤になって－・る」  
>  ② しかる。 「先生に－・られる」
> 〔動詞「おこる」は自動詞で，「…をおこる」とは言えない。「先生におこられた」はいわゆる迷惑の受身の例。迷惑の受身とは，「（雨が）降る」「（父親が）死ぬ」のような自動詞で作られる，迷惑を受けた人を主語とした受身表現「（私は出先で）雨に降られた」「（彼は幼い時に）父親に死なれて苦労した」をいう。それに対して「しかる」は他動詞で，しかる相手が存在する。相手は動作者よりも目下の者で，動作者は教育的な立場から行い，意図的におこったようなこわい顔をすることはあっても，原則として非感情的である〕
>
> **［可能］** おこれる
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question
meaning passive-voice
Meaning of 怒られた, scolded or angry at?
In this case it is

>
> 方言を知らない人(A)が(方言を使う人Bに)「これをなげて」と言われて、「投げる」だと(Aが)解釈して、(Aが)ごみを投げ返して(Bに)怒られたという話がある。

And the 怒られる is just a standard passive of “BがAに怒った” (B ‘madded at’ A) →
“AがBに怒られた” (A got ‘madded at’ by B).

I think the terms “indirect passive” and “direct passive” are generally
misleading. Basically when the subject of a passive sentence is a human, one
_can_ interpret that as the human being negatively affected by something.
E.g., 財布が盗まれた has no human subject, while 財布を盗まれた has the implicit human
subject of the owner of the wallet, so the latter sounds more negative
(because the losing of the wallet “happened to” the owner, as opposed to being
lost happening to the wallet).

In the case of your sentence, the subject is indeed a human (A), so them being
negatively affected is a possible reading (but it’s cancelable, like 怒られて喜んだ).

Whether there was explicit 叱る/“scolding” or not is a little ambiguous, but the
important thing to understand is that 怒る can’t be a purely internal emotion of
B when the subject of the passive is human, because it has to be something
that A can be “affected” by for the passive to make sense. It could be
something as simple as B saying おい、何すんだ！ or ふざけんな, or even their eyes widening
in preparation for some physical counterattack.

(Interestingly, this “externally-visible getting angry” connotation that
occurs with 怒られる has since sort of becomes its “own word” and can be accessed
in the active form as 〜を怒る (despite the conservative note in the dictionary
definition you attached which claims otherwise). But I see this as a recent
evolution, and the passive can be understood without it — however, some may
choose to now analyze such 怒られる as the passive form of 〜を怒る instead of 〜に怒る).
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answer