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the new version of

# Question:

1）What definition in [Dictionary](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6)
implies the '...ing' function of て,( as in 魚を食べている.)?  
2) What definition in [Dictionary](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6)
implies the 'present perfect' function of て,( as in お前はもう死んでいる.)?

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The old version of

# Question:

Can 'verbABCている expressing the **PAST** '

be **CONSIDERED** as 'adverbialABC+いる'

and be **UNDERSTOOD** as 'is/exists+ABCly/in a state of ABC'?

You can follow the examples to understand my question well:

# 1)て verb as adverbial:

> 映画を **見て** 食べる.
>
> I eat **watching** the movie.

the adverbial is 見て and the verb is 食べる.

# 2)て-form for past events/states:

> お前はもう **死んで** いる.
>
> You already (have) died.

## My proposition is:

Can we consider 死んで an adverbial in 2) of the verb いる and understand the
sentence as:

> お前はもう1( **死んで** )2(いる).
>
> You already 1(dyingly/in a state of dying/in a state of having
> died)2(exist/are).

and only consider it a particular case of the general rule 1) where the 'past
sense' is contained/hidden in **死んで** being an adverbial?

_Edit_

> Here's where I started thinking about this idea: [て form and adverbial
> meaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38769/%e3%81%a6-form-
> and-adverbial-meaning)  
> **Answer**  
>  Yes it's adverbial in relation to the verb (predicate), but you can't say
> it's simply an adverb (you can't use a te-form verb alone as an adverb).
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て-form
Where do dictionaries imply the use of て as 'present perfect/past' and '...ing'?
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# Remark:

I strrugled a bit to understand what ① and ⑧ speak about. And i'm not sure if
my choice of the definitions was correct, but my effort lead me to this
answer.  
  
Any additional explanations or corrections/improvements concerning my answer
are appreciated.

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# Answer:

て is a conjunctive and has several definitions according to the dictionary
<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6>

>  
> Concerning the pattern **1)映画を見て食べる.** I think it corresponds to the
> definition ① in 一（ 接助 ）in the dictionary.

>  
> Concerning the pattern **2)お前はもう死んでいる.** I think it corresponds to
> definition ⑧ in 一（ 接助 ）in the dictionary.
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