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A [tutorial](https://www.imabi.net/theparticlewai.htm) on the は-particle
provides the following sentence:

> 牛乳 **ぐらい** は買ってください。
>
> At least buy milk, please.

The author then notes:

> **Grammar Note:** The particle kurai/gurai くらい・ぐらい is frequently used with
> this function of the particle は to express "at least." It can actually be
> inserted similarly to the other example sentences in this section. Its
> addition creates a greater emphatic tone.

**Question:** Though I understand that くらい adds emphasis here, would the core
meaning of this sentence be retained if we removed it? That is, does

> 牛乳は買ってください。

still mean "At least buy milk, please" (though with less emphasis than if we
re-included くらい)?
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particle-は particle-くらい
Is くらい required in 「牛乳ぐらいは買ってください」?
I am assuming that you meant "牛乳は買ってください" for the 2nd quote.

* * *

Yes, the core meaning of the sentence "牛乳ぐらいは買ってください" would still be retained
if you removed the particle くらい. The sentence would still mean "At least buy
milk, please," although the emphasis on the idea of "at least" would be less
strong without the particle くらい.

The particle は is used in this sentence to mark the topic of the sentence,
which is the milk (牛乳). The verb 買ってください means "please buy," and it is used to
express the request or suggestion that the listener should buy milk.

The particle くらい is added to the sentence to express the idea of "at least" or
"at the minimum." It is used to emphasize that, even if the listener is unsure
about other things they might buy, they should at least buy milk. This adds a
stronger emphasis to the request or suggestion to buy milk.

If you removed the particle くらい from the sentence, the sentence would still
convey the basic meaning of "At least buy milk, please," but the emphasis on
the idea of "at least" would be reduced. The sentence would still be a request
or suggestion for the listener to buy milk, but without the added emphasis
provided by the particle くらい, it might sound less urgent or insistent.

Overall, the presence of the particle くらい in the sentence "牛乳ぐらいは買ってください" adds
emphasis to the request or suggestion to buy milk, but the core meaning of the
sentence would still be retained if the particle were removed.
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>   1. 牛乳 **は** 買ってください。
>   2. 牛乳 **ぐらいは** 買ってください。
>

The difference of the two sentences is probably bigger than you might imagine.

は is fundamentally a contrast marker that sometimes can be translated as "at
least" depending on the context. In this context, you can also translate it
without "at least", simply like "But buy _milk_ , please (although all other
ingredients will be prepared for you)".

On the other hand, (牛乳)ぐらい can be sometimes translated as "at least", too, but
this works by marking the preceding word as something trivial. Remember
くらい/ぐらい is a word used like this:

  * こんなことくらい(は)僕にもできる！  
I can do something as easy as this!  
→ I can do this, at least!

  * ありがとうぐらい言えないの？  
Can't you say something as simple as thank you?  
→ Can't you at least say thank you?

  * [What does これくらい mean in this context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/93069/5010)
  * [Literal translation 様子見くらいいいっしょ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/77580/5010)
  * [I'm not sure about this くらいで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56281/5010)

So saying 牛乳ぐらいは買ってください implies buying milk is a fairly trivial thing to do
(either because it is cheap or because it can be found anywhere), and thus
this can sound accusatory, like "Please buy something cheap/common like milk
by yourself!" even if you're using polite language. It's not just simply "more
emphatic", so you have to use it carefully.
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