92783
Example sentences with answers below:

> A) ビルの **前に** 車が二十台くらい止まっている。

[![img1](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mDJbym.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mDJbym.jpg)

[![img2](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VYChYm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VYChYm.jpg)

> B) あの角を右へ曲がって、銀行の **前で** 止めてください

[![img3](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UdPGJm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UdPGJm.jpg)

[![img4](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CIYv5m.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CIYv5m.jpg)

From Jisho, I looked up the following examples:

>
> [C)](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%89%8D%E3%81%A7%E6%AD%A2%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%20%23sentences)
> 新しい自動車が銀行の **前で** 止まった。

>
> [D)](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AB%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%20%23sentences)
> 事故の後、彼女は人 **前に** 出るのを止めた。

>
> [E)](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AB%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%20%23sentences)
> 彼は車をその建物の前に止めた。

Here's why I'm confused: the answers do not include any alternatives, which
the book normally does when there is. Now, assuming we can use either で or に
before 前 in the above sentences, then I think the difference would depend on
the focus as the same book mentions:

[![img5](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rZNybm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rZNybm.jpg)

Is this the case here? I just want to make sure I'm on the right track.

* * *

This is off-topic, but in **D** に or で was dropped from 事故の後, right?
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2021-12-31T05:36:31.843
92781
2021-12-31T10:35:38.337
2021-12-31T05:55:54.027
45630
45630
question
grammar particle-に particle-で
How is 前に and 前で being used with 止まる and 止める respectively?
I think you are on the right track.

A) This must be に because 止まっ **ている** here indicates a state where something
exists, just like ある, not an action. If に were replaced with で, 止まっている would
have to be understood as indicating a progressive action. Although that
interpretation is not impossible, it is hard to imagine a scene where as many
as twenty cars are in the process of coming to a halt more or less at the same
time in front of a building.

> ビルの前 **に** 車が二十台くらい止まっている。

B) You could use に here, but you would sound a bit like pinpointing exactly
where the car should be stopped (and “exist” thereafter) as if the driver
already knew the car should be stopped to begin with. The original sentence
with で places greater emphasis on the action of stopping the car, and
therefore, may sound more natural as an instruction for the driver of a moving
car.

> あの角を右へ曲がって、銀行の前 **で** 止めてください。
>
> あの角を右へ曲がって、銀行の前 **に** 止めてください。

C) You can use に here. Although the same nuance exists as in B, it seems
subtler possibly because the car is already stopped.

> 新しい自動車が銀行の前 **で** 止まった。
>
> 新しい自動車が銀行の前 **に** 止まった。

D) This に goes with 出る, not 止めた. It indicates a directional movement. The
sentence with で would mean she stopped performing some action of “going out”
in front of other people, which makes little sense.

> 事故の後、彼女は人前 **に** 出るのを止めた。

E) The original sentence with に places emphasis on where the car ended up
parked (or “existing”). Replacing に with で is supposed to shift the emphasis
to the action of stopping the car. However, the resulting sentence still seems
to emphasize where he took that action. This is because 建物の前で is inserted
between the verb (止めた) and its object (車を), breaking the natural word order
and making the inserted portion somewhat stand out.

> 彼は車をその建物の前 **に** 止めた。
>
> 彼は車をその建物の前 **で** 止めた。

The following sentence would sound more natural, or neutral, if the emphasis
is intended to be on the action itself.

> 彼はその建物の前で車を止めた。
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2021-12-31T10:35:38.337
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2021-12-31T10:35:38.337
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answer