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Taking [yadokari's sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3334/542):

> 彼女は表情が生き生きとしておりとてもかわいい。

The part that I need help understanding is the relation of `生き生きとして` with `表情`
and `居る`.

Looking up the dictionary entry for `生き生き`, it is "an adverb taking the `と`
particle"

**(Question 1)** Does the adverb modify `して`? Or is `生き生きとして` treated as an
adverb as a whole?

**EDIT** : What is the difference between `1. 生き生きとする` and `2. 生き生きとして居る`?

**(Question 2)** Is `2.` the `~ている` construction of `1.`? And what is its
significance when used with an adverb? English parsing would be greatly
appreciated.
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2011-09-30T02:20:14.423
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question
grammar translation adverbs
Help with adverbs with とする and としている
「生き生きと」 is the adverb. 「して」 is the ～て form of 「する」.

> "vividly do"

Of course, you need the 連用形 that follows in order to translate it completely,
as is given in your other question.

**EDIT:**

Yes.

> 居る いる  
>  (v1,vi, **uk** ,aux-v) to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay;
> (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state
> (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing); (P)

Same as without the adverb. Only with the adverb instead.

> "be vividly doing"
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answer