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All four of these words are read as うまい and have the same meaning in my
dictionary so I was wondering, can these four words (上手い, 美味い, 旨い, and 巧い) be
used interchangeably?
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words meaning word-usage kanji-choice
What's the difference between 上手い, 美味い, 旨い, and 巧い?
These can be divided into two large categories.

  * 上手い ≒ 巧い ≒ good at something, skillful 

> 彼女は料理がうまい。 She is good at cooking.

  * 美味い ≒ 旨い ≒ delicious, yummy 

> この料理はうまい。 This dish is delicious.

The difference between 上手い and 巧い is much smaller, but 上手い is "good" in
general, while 巧い is closer to "technical" or "skillful".

The difference between 美味い and 旨い is even more trivial, and they're basically
interchangeable. But I feel that so-called
[_umami_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami) tends to be described using the
kanji 旨 more often, while 美味い refers to good taste in general. When うまい is
used figuratively (eg うまい話 "sweet deal"), 旨い is preferred, too.

Finally, these are all "customary" readings mainly found in blogs, novels and
such. They are not "textbook" readings listed in 常用漢字表, so you can (or
_should_ ) stick to hiragana (うまい) in formal writings.
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answer
In the tangorin.com dictionary they are split into 3 groups with their
corresponding meanings:

上手い,巧い > skillful; clever; expert; wise; successful (people)

美味い,甘い > delicious; appetizing; appetising (food, taste)

旨い > fortunate; splendid; promising

Of course in some situations the kanji's are interchangeable, but this
breakdown should help you use them correctly.

Link: <http://tangorin.com/general/umai>
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answer
Naruto's answer covers it well, but it might be helpful to think of these
words in terms of their analogues in other uses.

For example, 上手い can obviously be connected to 上手{じょうず}, the basic word for
being good at something. 美味い can be connected to 美味{おい}しい, the go-to for
delicious." 旨い can be connected to [旨味]{うまみ} and the general sense of
savoriness -- you see this character all over in food advertisement. And last,
巧い can be connected to 巧{たく}み and its related words ([巧妙]{こうみょう}, [巧拙]{こうせつ},
etc.), and can easily be connected to the concept of technical mastery.
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answer