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Are 普通形 and 辞書形 different? If so, how do they differ? I would appreciate an
example.
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2017-08-15T07:52:17.760
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2022-07-08T19:54:52.703
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question
grammar conjugations
普通形／じしょ形 (Futsuu Kei / Jisho Kei)
I am not 100% sure but I would guess that what you refer to as 普通形 is what in
English is often translated as "casual" or "standard" conjugation as opposed
to 丁寧形{ていねいけい} that is the "polite" form instead. [This
link](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/card/038.html) seems
to prove me right.

On the other hand, 辞書形｛じしょけい｝ is the so-called dictionary form and it's called
this way because it is the form in which the verb is found in dictionaries.

To give a concrete example:

Verb: 買う｛かう｝- to buy

**普通形** : 買う (positive and non past. In this case this is the same as the
dictionary form), 買わない (negative-non past), 買った (positive-past), 買わなかった
(negative-past).

**丁寧形** : 買います (positive-non past), 買いません (negative-non past), 買いました
(positive-past), 買いませんでした (negative-past).

**辞書形** : It's just 買う. This is how you find the verb "to buy" in any
dictionary. You can see it as a non-conjugated basic form as it could be the
infinitive in English (in dictionaries you find "buy", not "bought" for
example).
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2017-08-16T03:24:17.583
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answer
辞書形, in fact, is part of 普通形, which consists of four different forms,
including the 〜た form (past affirmative), the 〜なかった form (past negative), the
~ない form (nonpast negative) and finally the root form, a.k.a. 辞書形 (nonpast
affirmative). For example, what the root form, 辞書形, is for a verb is much like
what "be" is for "is", "are", "was", etc. You can find more detailed
explanation
[here](https://www.coscom.co.jp/japaneseverb/japaneseverb01-jpr.html) and
[here](https://iskk.net/teinei-kei-and-futsuu-kei).
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2019-06-03T07:45:12.233
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answer
From what I understand:

  * 辞書形 (dictionary form) is your usual 行く, 買う etc,

  * 普通形 (plain form) includes all present+past, positive+negative, noun+verb+adjective plain forms; e.g.

    * iku: 行く 行かない 行った 行かなかった
    * genki: 元気だ 元気だった げんきだった 元気じゃなかった
    * ii: 良い 良くない 良かった 良くなかった
    * hana: 花だ 花だった 花じゃない 花じゃなかった

You use the dictionary form for forms such as:

  * 行くこと (make a verb into a noun)
  * 行くことができます (I can go)
  * 行く前に、～ (before going, ~)

You use the plain form for forms such as:

  * 行かないと 言います (~ said not going)
  * 元気だったと 思います (I think ~ is healthy)
  * 便利だし、忙しくないし、面白い人行くし、安いです (~ is convenient, not busy, interesting people go, and cheap)

Notice how in these examples you can use nouns/adjectives/verbs in their
positive/negative and present/past forms.

The dictionary form is just for verbs. You could say that the plain form for
verbs is:

  * the dictionary form for the present;
  * the ta-form for the past
  * the nai-form (without i) for the negative present
  * the nai-form (without i) +katta for the past

And similar rules exist for i/na adjectives and nouns.
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2022-07-08T09:13:55.990
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answer