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Regarding the construction of a new bullet train line:

> 工事のお金は、[敦賀]{つるが}から新大阪まで **で** ２兆１０００億円かかる予定です。  
>  The construction cost from 敦賀 to 新大阪 is expected to be (some eye watering
> amount of money).

I can't understand the function of the で in bold. Can it be omitted? It seems
to make sense to me without it.
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2017-03-19T09:19:23.103
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2017-03-19T13:35:30.350
2017-03-19T12:04:30.613
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particle-で particle-まで
Meaning of で in 敦賀から新大阪まで〈で〉２兆１０００億円かかる予定です
In a nutshell you can pretend there is no で there. The meaning is the same.

* * *

I think its better to tackle all the siblings of まで at the same time.

There is a difference between までで,までに,まで and までは if まで is followed by an
action verb. I am almost explaining raw what you can find in 日本語の作文技術〈新版〉 by
本多{ほんだ}勝一{かついち} page 224-225.

He takes the following example:

> 列車が名古屋に着く〈まで・までに・までで・までは〉雑誌を読むのを止めた。

  * まで express the fact that an action is continuing. So the sentence with まで means _Up until the train reached Nagoya he continued not to read the magazine_.
  * What is before までに express a deadline. That means that the action (読むのを止める) took place before that deadline. Thus the sentence with までに means *He stopped reading the magazine at some point before the train reached Nagoya.
  * The point that in time before までで (here, 名古屋に着く) is the **exact end point** of the action. Thus, The sentence with までで means _Exactly when the train reached Nagoya, he stopped reading the magazine._
  * The は of までは is a は of contrast between before and after reaching Nagoya. Thus, the sentence with までは means _Until Nagoya I did not read but after reaching Nagoya_ but he probably did read after the train reached Nagoya.

* * *

Here かかる is not an action verb, so there is no difference in meaning. The only
difference is that this で strengthen the fact that 新大坂 is the ending point.
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2017-03-19T12:02:19.967
44614
2017-03-19T12:02:19.967
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That で is part of a set phrase `[purpose/item] で [price] かかる` ("to cost
[price] **for/to** [purpose]"). You can use に instead of で.

  * 1回の通話{で/に}30円かかる。 It takes 30 yen to make one call.
  * 1円玉を作るの{で/に}2円かかる。 Making a 1-yen coin costs 2 yen.
  * このスマホを製造するのに、CPUで30ドル、バッテリーで10ドルかかっています。  
It costs $30 for the CPU and $10 for the battery to manufacture this
smartphone.

In your example, that で can be omitted but it feels more formal and a bit more
natural to keep it.
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2017-03-19T13:35:30.350
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