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> ２年【にねん】に１度【ど】、目視【もくし】による検査【けんさ】を行【おこな】って **おり** 、強度【きょうど】に問題【もんだい】はないという
>
> _(The bridge) is visually inspected every two years, and is said to have no
> strength problems._

<https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/hobby/travel/20220124-OYT8T50084/>

If found this dictionary entry:

> 折 【おり】 (esp. 折) opportunity; chance; occasion; time

which would seem to be an unnecessary repetition of the information at the
beginning of the sentence. It also seems to be too far away from that time
information to serve the function of a counter. What is おり doing in this
sentence?
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question
grammar particles adverbs
Does おり serve a necessary grammatical function in this sentence, or is it simply redundant?
(It looks as though this is not the complete sentence, but that does not
affect the problem.)

おる is simply the humble form of いる; the people responsible for the bridge
might say 「…検査を行っております。」 This is the continuative form (2nd base) ending in
…おり, to join to the next bit of the sentence. (Note that the people
responsible for the bridge might also say 「…検査を行っています。」, using いる instead of
おる but then the continuative form does not exist.)
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2022-05-16T03:46:51.637
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answer
This おり is basically the same as いて (the te-form of いる) except that it sounds
more formal and/or bookish.

You probably know the basic idea of how
[中止法](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/5010) works. It refers to the
use of masu-stem to join clauses. However, 中止法 does not work very well with
short ichidan verbs such as 着る, 見る, 得る and いる. The masu-stem of those verbs
consists of only one kana.

  * 学校に **行き** 、授業を **受け** 、家に帰った。: OK
  * ぐっすり **寝** 、服を **着** 、学校に行った。: Questionable/uncommon

In particular, **い is unacceptable as 中止法** even though the masu-stem of いる is
い. And that's where おり comes into play. Instead of い, you can use おり and
preserve the formal/bookish mood of 中止法:

  * ❌ 目視による検査を行って **い** 、強度に問題はないという。: Wrong
  * ✅ 目視による検査を行って **いて** 、強度に問題はないという。: Correct but less formal
  * ✅ 目視による検査を行って **おり** 、強度に問題はないという。: OK (formal)

Although おる is basically a humble version of いる, おり used in this way **does
not carry any humble sense**. It's just a replacement of い you _must_ use in
formal documents. You have to be able to use this type of おり properly even
when you don't need to pay respect to anyone (for example, when describing a
chemical reaction).

On the other hand, おる _at the end of a sentence_ sounds very different:

  * 目視による検査を行って **おります** 。: Humble expression (keigo)
  * 目視による検査を行って **おる** 。: Sounds like a pompous aristocracy in fiction

Note that (-て)いる/おる after 行う is necessary because 検査を行う is an [habitual
action](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010) that explains why the
bridge is safe.
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answer