I'm a bit confused about the ます form for る(u), I assumed it's just the _[stem
form]_ +ます。

For the verb 召し上がる, the ます form was 召し上がります. But for いらっしゃる, the ます form was
いらっしゃいます?

What's the rule deciding which ます form is it? Is the stem form of いらっしゃる also
just いらっしゃい?
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question
verbs
ます form for る(u) verbs?
The simple answer is that いらっしゃる is an irregular verb, so treating it as a
regular verb (which is obviously the right thing to do without other
knowledge!) leads to your totally natural confusion. Your thought that ます-form
is just the [stem form]+ます is correct, it's just that いらっしゃる's stem-form is
irregularly いらっしゃい.

To be more specific, いらっしゃる is one of the five polite "ある special class"
verbs:

> いらっしゃる・いらっしゃいます
>
> おっしゃる・おっしゃいます
>
> くださる・くださいます
>
> ござる・ございます
>
> なさる・なさいます

These all behave in the same way: the る does not turn into り/れ for ます-stem
(aka continuative form, 連用形) / imperative stem (aka 命令形) respectively, but
rather い for both the same. This pattern is seen with/"explains" how we get
ください as an imperative form of くださる.
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answer
It's important, when dealing with verbs, for you to recognize which ones are
regular and irregular. For regular verbs, there are patterns you can follow to
conjugate them, what you call "rules". For irregular verbs, there is not such
patterns.

The verb 召し上がる (meshiagaru) is a regular verb. To be precise, an u-dropping
verb, also called u verbs. They're called u-dropping verbs because the first
step to conjugate such verbs require you to drop the syllable _u_ (meshiaga
**r** ) and add something else. In this case, います.

Now, why います and not just ます? That's the pattern for u-dropping verbs that end
in る. Nothing fancy: if its an u-dropping verb and it ends in る, drop _u_ and
add います to conjugate the verb to masu form.

Another way to look at this, as you've pointed out, just add ます to the stem
form, also called pre-masu form. However, you would need to know the stem of
the verb in advance.

The verb いらっしゃる (irassharu) is an irregular verb and, as I said, there's no
pattern at all, like in english you have the verb sing, whose past form is
sang instead of "singed". You just have to learn them off by heart! In short,
there's no rule for you to follow.

Here's a table which exemplifies the conjugation patterns for regular verbs:

[![img1](https://i.stack.imgur.com/esWvNl.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/esWvNl.jpg)

Recovered from [Practice Makes Perfect Complete Japanese Grammar Book by Eriko
Sato](https://www.amazon.com.mx/Complete-Japanese-Grammar-Eriko-
PH-D/dp/0071808353), page 39.
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answer