> 古池や 蛙飛び込む 水の音

This is a haiku by Matsuo Bashō. Is the や particle doing what it normally
does, listing items?
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meaning literature poetry particle-や
What is the function of 「や」 in this sentence?
This や is a literary particle used to add emotion or exclamation. It's common
in in haiku and waka. It works like `O` as in "O the ancient pond", or `...`
as in "The ancient pond...". Note that や has several roles. See
[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%84) (the 4th definition) and the
following question:

  * [What grammatical function is や performing here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66290/5010)
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The や indicates 詠嘆・感動 (exclamation/admiration). It's categorized as a 間投助詞
(interjectory particle) in
[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%84-647430):

> や 四 間助  
>  ３ 詠嘆・感動の意を表す。  
>  「いで、あな幼な **や** 」〈源・若紫〉  
>  「夏草 **や** つはものどもが夢の跡／芭蕉」〈奥の細道〉

And 明鏡国語辞典 categorizes it as a 終助詞 (final particle):

> や (三)〘終助〙  
>  ❸ 詠嘆を表す。「これはすごい **や** 」「ああ、恐ろし **や** 、恐ろし **や** 」「高く泳ぐ **や**
> 鯉のぼり〈鯉のぼり〉」◇俳句の切れ字もこれ。「古池 **や** [蛙]{かはづ}飛び込む水の音〈芭蕉〉」
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