Words like 大人、下手、上手... as おとな, へた, じょうず.  
What is the name for terms of this type?

Not including: [Kanji that don't use their specified
readings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38728/kanji-that-dont-
use-their-specified-readings).  
The answers for おみやげ don't answer the classification of non-standard
pronunciation (they answer other questions but the stated one).  
The おとな related question is very specific to that word.  
I believe the other stated duplicate doesn't answer this in general either. It
would very hard for a searcher to find these somewhat duplicate questions.
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question
terminology
What is the term for special words that don't use standard readings or regular modifications?