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In the current section of my textbook, a bunch of verbal compositions was
introduced, like: 読み **終わり** 歩き **始め** 祈り **続け**

終わり and 続け are classified as auxiliary verbs on jisho:
<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81>
<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B>

始める isn't <http://jisho.org/search/hajimeru>

My actual question relates to this sentence: 一郎さんはやっと本を読み終わりました。 => Ichiro has
finally finished the book.

What irritates me in this sentence is that 終わり is used in a transitive verb.
Is the transitivity/intransitivity of a verb negligible if it is used in a
composition? If so, is this phenomenon restricted to a set of (very common)
compositions?

Furthermore, I would be interested wether this is only typical for verbs which
(also) bear the classification "auxiliary verb"? 始める isn't classified as an
auxiliary verb though.

Do auxiliary verbs always function as parts of a verbal composition btw.? This
would be important to know because in our western languages, auxiliary verbs
usually are used in "analytical" (I hope that's the correct english term)
constructions (e.g. "I **will** build a house"; The auxiliary verb is not
directly attached to the main verb and remains its own unit/entity in the
sentence).

EDIT: This question revolves around the issue of transitivity in context of
verbal compositions in common. It asks wether there is a set of grammatical
prerequisites for a verb of intransitivity/transitivity to be used in a verbal
composition of the opposite transitivity (That is: Transitive -> Intransitive;
Intransitive -> Transitive).
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question
transitivity compound-verbs
The transitivity of (auxiliary) verbs
I don't think this usage of を makes 終わる transitive, the transitivity comes
from 読む. As for certain verbs not being "classified" as auxiliary for being
attached this way, the way these predicates are smashed together is actually
common; just think of it as a quicker way to conjoin predicates quicker than
using the te-form. This saves 1-2 mora on average. For certain words and their
frequency, this way of predicate forming has become common.
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answer
The transitivity of [syntactic compound
verbs](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/en/) are generally determined by the
_first_ verb. As an "auxiliary" verb, you should always use ～始める.

  * 水を流し **始める** 。水が流れ **始める** 。
  * [×] 水を流し始まる。[×] 水が流れ始まる。
  * テレビを見 **続ける** 。眠り **続ける** 。
  * [×] テレビを見続く。[×] 眠り続く。
  * 勉強をやり **直す** 。寝 **直す** 。
  * [×] 勉強をやり直る。[×] 寝直る。
  * 本を読み **通す** 。逃げ **通す** 。
  * [×] 本を読み通る。[×] 逃げ通る。

終える/終わる are exceptions. Both 終える and 終わる are used as the second verb, and the
added meaning is almost the same. The first verb still determines the
transitivity. But 終える is slightly more literary, and is usually used with
intentional actions with a purpose.

  * 水を流し終わる。水を流し終える。
  * パンを食べ終わる。パンを食べ終える。
  * 一郎さんは本を読み終わりました。一郎さんは本を読み終えました。
  * 水が流れ終わる。 [?] 水が流れ終える。
  * 太陽が昇り終わる。 [?] 太陽が昇り終える。

(I personally think the use of the word "auxiliary verb" is confusing here,
because [it usually refers to ～ない, ～ます, ～て/で,
etc.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18965/5010))

* * *

The discussion above is **not** applicable for lexicalized compound verbs.
When the second verb describes a manner of movement, its transitivity tends to
match the first verb (e.g., 尻を蹴り **上げる** , 飛び **上がる** , 友人を連れ **回す** , 走り
**回る** , ...)
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answer