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Consider 神のご加護があらんことを

  1. How is あらんことを different from あろうことを ?   
(c.f.[ archaic -an
conjugation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14415/542))  
Apart from sounding archaic, are there other functional differences?

  2. How is {あらん・あろう}ことを different from あることを ?   
What does the volitional form do that the plain form does not in this phrase?

Is there a preference for one of the forms? I.e. is there an idiomatically
frozen choice that is chosen over the others.

  3. How idiomatic is ～ことを ? Is it such that we do not even consider if there is any possible verb that follows after it? If there is an implicit verb, would it be something like お願いします or 祈ります ?
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nuances idioms volitional-form
~あらんことを: Slight Variations and Idiomatic Degree
"～ことを" itself is not that idiomatic, but I think "～があらんことを" is idiomatic.

**神のご加護があらんことを** : This sounds natural to me. You can safely say "Xがあらんことを" is
an archaic-sounding idiomatic phrase which means "I wish you X" or "May there
be X". This is a fixed pattern used mainly by priests, and I have never
wondered what is omitted after it. I think those who don't go to church
regularly would encounter this expression only in fiction, and understand it
without thinking its grammar at all.

**神のご加護があろうことを** : Maybe not too bad, but I'm not familiar with this. A Google
search for "加護があろうことを" gave only one result. Of course "Xがあろうこと" can simply
mean "Xがあるであろうこと" or "that X probably exists" in modern Japanese, and you can
find thousands of such examples on the net. It's just uncommon as a wish.

**神のご加護があることを** or **神のご加護がありますことを** : Not common nor idiomatic, but
understandable as the plain sentence where something like "願っています" is omitted
at the end. "神のご加護があることを願っています" is a perfectly grammatical sentence which only
uses the simplest contemporary grammar. So it sounds businesslike and matter-
of-fact as compared with "ご加護があらんことを", which has a religious atmosphere.

EDIT: Note that 「～があらんことを」 is a grandiose phrase. Religious characters in
manga and games say this all the time, but I don't think ordinary Japanese
Christians use this often in daily conversations today. 「～がありますように」 is much
more common both among secular people and religious people.
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answer
This answers the second question "What does the volitional form do that the
plain form does not in this phrase?" :

[Translation of one of the answers found in
知恵袋](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10114358715):  

> 「あらんことを」は祈願文で、“御加護がある”ことは実現してほしいのですが、そうなるかならないかはまだ決まっていません。
> それで「あることを」と言わないのです>

By saying あらんことを, one wishes to realise the state of 御加護がある. (i.e. to wish
that the state transitions from 御加護がない to 御加護がある).

The future state of events cannot be said to be certain, and since we cannot
guarantee the future state of 御加護がある, the phrase あることを is not used.

The volitional form allows the subjunctive mood which the plain form does not.
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