Sometimes I get confused on the frontier whether an expression is an adverb or
not.

For instance, in  
政府はワインに新しく税を課した。(=the government has imposed a new tax on wine)

新しく is considered an adverb (made from the adjective 新しい) although there is no
clear reference in a dictionary as the word lost its radical from type
transformation. Some would claim it's an adverbial expression.

As of `まえのとおなじで` which can be literally translated as "same way as before" and
can be used before a verb, would you argue that this expression falls into the
specs of an adverbial type?
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question
grammar adverbs
Is "まえのとおなじで" an adverb?
The distinction between an adverbial expression and an adjectival expression
is fairly strict and regular in Japanese. You can tell if a modifier is
adverbial just by looking at its form. Here, 新しく is the [ku-
form](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/i-adjective-ku-form/) (aka
continuative form or 連用形) of 新しい, and it works as an adverb meaning "newly".
The more literal translation of that sentence is "the government has newly
imposed a tax on wine". Simply, 新しく, 赤く, 速く and so on modify verbs, while 新しい,
赤い, 速い and so on modify nouns.

で in まえのとおなじで can be either a case particle or the te-form of だ depending on
how it's used in a sentence. If this で is a particle, then it works
adverbially, i.e., it modifies a verb.
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answer