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To make articles as short as possible in newspapers, certain conventions are
used. One such convention is that when a sentence ends with
サ変名詞{へんめいし}、「をする」is omitted. Another is that the full names of companies, such
as "三菱重工業株式会社" can be abbreviated as "三菱重工".

I could be wrong, but I am pretty sure that abbreviated writing style has a
formal name. What is it?  
What are some other conventions?
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words
what is the name of the abbreviated writing style used in newspapers?
I do not know the formal name for it; but, I would call it 略称{りゃくしょう} ("name
abbreviation") or 略語{りゃくご} ("abbreviation"). There is [an article on Wikipedia
about 略語](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%A5%E8%AA%9E) (Japanese).

Another example that comes to mind is country/region names. Some often seen in
the news are:

  * Germany: 独{どく} (from 独逸{ドイツ})
  * France: 仏{ふつ} (from 仏蘭西{フランス})
  * UK: 英{えい} or 英国{えいこく} (from 英吉利{イギリス})
  * USA: 米{べい} or 米国{べいこく} (from 亜米利加{アメリカ})
  * Australia: 豪{ごう} or 豪州{ごうしゅう} (from 濠太剌利亜{オーストラリア})
  * South Africa: 南ア{なんあ} (from 南{みなみ}アフリカ共和国{きょうわこく})
  * Europe: 欧{おう} or 欧州{おうしゅう} (from 欧羅巴{ヨーロッパ})
  * Northern Europe: 北欧{ほくおう}
  * South America: 南米{なんべい}
  * North America: 北米{ほくべい}
  * East Asia: 東亜{とうあ} (from 東{ひがし} and 亜細亜{アジア})

For a more exhaustive list, you might also check out the [list of 漢字{かんじ} for
country
names](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7)
on Wikipedia.
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As I stated in the comment, the set of "rules" that are used to save space in
newspapers and magazines (nowadays, websites as well) is commonly called
「[見出]{みだ}し[文法]{ぶんぽう}」, literally meaning " ** _headline grammar_** ".

Some of the characteristics of 見出し文法 are:

1) Use of [省略語]{しょうりゃくご} (abbreviated words).

2) Omission of all forms of 「する」,「なる」,「いる」 and 「ある」. Instead of
「オバマ[大統領]{だいとうりょう}が[来日]{らいにち}する（or した）= "President Obama visits/visited
Japan."」, you will see a 「オバマ大統領来日」 as the headline.

3) Omission of particles -- most importantly, that of 「 **が** 」 and 「 **を** 」.
I say "most importantly" because, as many of you would know, particles in
general often get omitted in informal conversations, but が and を are the ones
that are least often omitted. For this reason, the omission of those two in
見出し文法 is of significance.

You will see a 「俳優田中明警官刺し逃走」with just a single kana instead of a
「[俳優]{はいゆう}田中明{たなかあきら}が[警官]{けいかん}を[刺]{さ}して[逃走]{とうそう}している」= "Actor Akira Tanaka
stabs policeman and runs away."

4) Omission of the predictable verb following the object of the phrase. For
instance, if a native speaker saw the short phrase 羽生「金」, he will be able to
tell that it is the 見出し form of the sentence
「[羽生]{はにゅう}が[金]{きん}メダルを[獲得]{かくとく}した」 = "Hanyuu won the gold medal."

***Please note that only #1 above is used in BOTH headlines and articles. The
other techniques are used only in headlines.
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