I read this clause as something like "I myself surely, and all of those whose
hearts were being made indignant, (...)" However, I'm not confident this is
correct, mainly because I'm not sure what the と is doing there. What is its
function?
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question
particle-と idioms
In the clause われこそはと心驕りしていられる方々からは, ... what does the と mean?
我こそは literally means "I _am_ the...", but this is actually an idiomatic phrase
that means something like "I am the right person (to do it)" or "let me do
it".

> ### [我こそは](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/238941/meaning/m0u/)
>
> 自分こそはと勢い込んでいうときに用いる。「我こそはと進み出る」

It is usually followed by と, which is a quotative particle you are probably
familiar with. In case you did not know why this と is not followed by
思う/考える/etc, see [だろうと how can I translate
it?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/45089/5010). So 我こそはと means "as if
saying 'I am the one'", or simply "proactively", "willingly".

心驕り【こころおごり】 is a fairly uncommon suru-verb that means "to be conceited", "to
fancy oneself", etc.

> ### [こころ‐おごり【心驕り】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/78112/meaning/m0u/)
>
> うぬぼれること。思い上がり。慢心。

This いられる has an honorific meaning, and 方々 is also an honorific word.

Put together, 我こそはと心驕りしていられる方々 probably means something sarcastic like
"(distinguished) people who are fancying themselves believing they can do it"
or "those big-headed people who are willing to volunteer". (But I am only 90%
sure about this... please do not truncate a sentence and hide the context.)
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answer