I'm a little confused on the difference between 綺麗【きれい】 and 美しい【うつくしい】. When
is it appropriate to use either word to refer to a person?

For example, if I wanted to refer to a woman as beautiful, would I say
「綺麗【きれい】な女【おんな】」 or 「美【うつく】しい女【おんな】」?

Does it matter what age a person is? Is one only appropriate if the person is
young like in their 20s, late teens or a teenager? Do you only use one when
they are in their 30s or older?
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nuances usage syntax word-usage definitions
If you want to refer to a person as beautiful, would you use [綺麗]{きれい} or [美しい]{うつくしい}? What's the difference?
They both could be used in that case. There is a slight difference in nuances,
but it's not critical.

I`d use 綺麗 if I saw or heard someone or something gorgeous, showy, colorful.
Someone or something that stood out. For example: 綺麗な女性を見ました。 I saw a
beautiful lady. (Meaning, she stood out from all other women.)

美しい, even though it also means 'beautiful', is not always about appearance or
other visible or audible characteristics. It could mean that someone or
something appealed to my eye _or heart_ , even if it wasn't as eye-catching as
with 綺麗.
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綺麗 is more commonly used as a compliment for a woman’s appearances. It may be
used for someone English speakers might describe as “pretty” but not
necessarily “cute”. When you say someone is 美しい, I would think of someone who
is elegantly beautiful not only in her physical features but also in her
demeanor. It could sound a bit too serious as a casual compliment.
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Both of your cases are OK, and it can be used to any ages. However, I think
「綺麗な男」 is a slightly more unusual expression than 「美しい男」.

「綺麗」 has nuances of clean and clear. I think that is the difference. The sound
of「風鈴」(wind-bell) is 「綺麗」and also「美しい」, although in this case 「綺麗」is more
commonly used.
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Agreed with other answers that 綺麗 focuses on the physical appearance, while
美しい also includes mental/situational aspects.

> Does it matter what age a person is? Is one only appropriate if the person
> is young like in their 20s, late teens or a teenager? Do you only use one
> when they are in their 30s or older?

You can use it for any ages, and regardless of their gender. 綺麗 does require
that the subject is 整っている, i.e. things need to be neat. For example, you can't
describe a hand with scars and dirty with oil 綺麗, because it's not neat. On
the other hand, 美しい doesn't have such restriction and you can pretty much use
it for anything (even when the subject is not neat).

For example, 「傷だらけの、機械油にまみれた美しい手」is completely fine, whereas
「傷だらけの、機械油にまみれた綺麗な手」is contradictory.
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