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It should be mentioned I can't read kanji, so please keep that in mind when
answering

I've just encountered the verb [必要]{ひつよう}, in the Rosetta Stone sentence

> [私]{わたし}はチケットを[二枚]{にまい}[買]{か}う必要があります

Question 1: Does 必要 operate the same as 要ります? Is there a difference in what it
implies, or is it like the english equivalent of need vs require, where the
difference isn't meaning but context and which fits the sentence better?

Question 2: Can I use 必要 before and after が?  
I.e. are these three sentences equally valid? Do they mean the same thing?:

>   1. 私は [読]{よ}む [の・こと] が [要]{い}ります
>
>   2. 私は 読む 必要 が あります
>
>   3. 私は 読む [の・こと] が 必要 です
>
>
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2015-08-27T11:45:16.050
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2019-09-02T15:49:35.087
2020-06-17T08:18:27.500
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question
word-choice usage verbs
必要{ひつよう} vs 要{い}ります
In fact, 必要 is not a verb, but a noun. It can be an adjective if it is
followed by な. As a noun, 必要 means "a necessity" or "a need". As an adjective,
it means "necessary" or "needed".

> そんなに高いパソコン買う必要ありますか？ Is there a necessity to buy such an expensive computer?
>
> たくさんの文献を読む必要がある。 There is a necessity to read a lot of literature.
>
> ログインが必要です。 The login is a necessity.
>
> 必要な物 necessary things

But 要る / 要ります is a real verb, so the construction will be different:

> パソコンが要ります。 I need a computer.

I would say that the meaning is quite similar, and that the main difference is
their role in the sentence (verb, noun, adjective).

A slight difference about the meaning could be that 必要がある is more used in
order to express an "external necessity" (that doesn't come from you), like a
rule or a law. For instance, if you want to buy something, there is a
necessity for you to have money. On the contrary, 要る can also express that you
want something, so this is an "internal necessity" (that comes from you).

* * *

As @naruto said in the comments, the expression "を必要とする" ("require" / "call
for") can also be found:

> パソコンを必要とする。 This task requires a computer.
>
> 技術を必要とする分野 a field that requires skill

* * *

As @Chocolate♦ said in the comments, "読むことが要ります" would be understood but it
sounds strange and is almost not used. Prefer other suggested alternatives.
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2015-08-27T13:57:07.753
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answer