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Consider the extracted original Japanese text [from the translation attempt in
"Why is 知りません the negative form of
知っています？"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/5750/542) :

> これは「知る」という動詞の"意味特徴"と、私たちが「知る」に抱く"イメージ=認知の在り方"に原因があると考えるのが妥当だと思う｡

Also consider [this proposed
translation](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/4931327#4931327):

> "Regarding this fact, I think it is appropriate to think that it is due to
> the 'semantic features' of the verb '知る' and the image (= the way we
> perceive) that we have against '知る'.

Isn't "the way we ～" for する-nouns expressed using `～の仕方`? How is it different
from `～の在り方`?  

Can the same difference be reflected in other verbs?  
I.e. if for する-nouns there is a "pair" like `認知の在り方`/`認知の仕方` then is there a
similar "pair" concept for verbs like `書く`? If `書き方` is analogous to `～仕方`,
what form of `書く` is analogous to `～在り方`?

What is `～在り方` used for?
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question
word-choice
What is 在り方 used for?
I think the literal idea of `在り方` is 'the way it came into existence', 'the
way it should exist', and it is concerned with the meta level of the way of
doing something. As opposed to `仕方` 'way of doing', `在り方` may be translated as
'the way it is designed to do', 'the way it should be done', etc.

For verbs not derived from suru-nouns, you can add `-方` to their stem: `書き方`.
If you want to use a counterpart to `在り方`, you would have to find a noun with
the corresponding concept. You may not be able to find an exact counterpart,
though: `[書]{しょ}の在り方` 'the way calligraphy should be', `[書]{しょ}[物]{もつ}の在り方`
'the way books should be'.
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answer