This passage comes from _Underground_ by Haruki Murakami:

> 年長者であり医師であり、科学技術省の「武闘派」とは一線を画している林が敢えて実行者として選ばれた理由は不明だが...

The translation by Alfred Birnbaum is

> Why Hayashi - a senior medical doctor with an active "frontline" track
> record at the Ministry of Science and Technology - was chosen to carry out
> this mission remains unclear...

When I look around for examples of the expression, for example on
[here](https://proverb-encyclopedia.com/isenwokakusu/) or
[here](https://www.linguee.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E-%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/search?source=auto&query=%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%B7%9A%E3%82%92%E7%94%BB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B),
it seems like instead of the above translation, it should be something like:

> Why Hayashi, who has always stayed away from the "frontline" of the Ministry
> of Science and Technology, was chosen...

How is this ambiguity resolved?

Also should 「年長者であり医師であり」 be always understood as a "senior medical doctor"
(i.e. someone who has worked as a doctor for a long time) or "a senior and a
doctor"?

Thank you for any help.
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translation idioms ambiguity
一線を画する ambiguity
This ～と一線を画す is an idiom, and in this context it means "to keep a distance
from ～". It's not even ambiguous, and I think your translation attempt is
correct.

年長者であり医師であり is of course "being a senior, and (also being) a doctor", and it's
technically different from 年長の医師であり ("being a senior medical doctor"). I don't
know the story, and this may not be a severe mistake.
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「一線を画する」 is to have a clear difference from something else, so your
translation seems a better fit. In the original translation, does "track
record" stand for 「一線を画する」? That's weird.

The translation for 「年長者であり医師であり」 does not convey the meaning of the original
sentence, either. Doesn't the phrase "senior medical doctor" sound like the
name of a medical job post? He is just a doctor who is old, at least in this
context. Here, it is used as a source of wonder, i.e. being senior and being a
doctor makes Hayashi an unlikely person to be chosen as an actual person to
perform the poison terrorism, because such a person -- relatively old and
intelligent -- would more likely be placed in the headquarter or somewhere
rearer.
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Let's go through it, bit by bit.

First,

> 年長者であり医師であり

「年長者」 can mean "older person", but in context it can also mean "the oldest
person within a given group". 「AでありB」means "~is A as well as B". So this part
means that person is an older person (or the oldest person of the possible
candidates?) who also happens to be a doctor. There is no actual indication of
seniority as a doctor in the original sentence.

> 科学技術省の「武闘派」とは一線を画している

「武闘」 means "combat" and 「派」 refers to groups of people who are separated by
given differences(i.e 猫派vs犬派). So in this context, 「武闘派」 likely refers to
people who don't really like to cooperate with other people and instead are
very aggressive in trying to get their way. 「Aとは一線を画する」 means to draw a clear
line between A and oneself, so to put it all together, this means that the
person being described has drawn a clear line between himself and the
aggressive people at the Ministry of Science and Technology.

> 敢えて実行者として選ばれた理由は不明だ

「敢えて」 refers to doing something that doesn't appear like a good idea or is
difficult to do with some kind of intent. This makes it clear that 林 becoming
the 実行者 does not appear to be a logical choice, or that there were other
candidates for that position that seemed more likely to be appointed.

So to put it all together, a more accurate translation would be something
closer to

> The reason why Hayashi, who is older, a doctor, and has distanced himself
> from the aggressives at the Ministry of Science and Technology, was
> purposefully chosen to carry out (the project? the mission?) is unclear...

The 「が」 at the end is difficult to translate without more context. It can
either be a "While" to be placed at the very beginning of the sentence, or be
translated as a "but..." at the very end.
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