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I read electronics/computing articles, and I find an incredible amount of
terms are written either in kanji (almost similar to Chinese) or katakana.
There are times when it's confusing as to know why.

For example:

> フラッシュストレージ
>
> メディアタブレット
>
> バックアップ

On the other hand there are:

> 記憶容量
>
> 不揮発性半導体メモリ
>
> 仮想アドレス空間

What interests me is the mix of katakana and kanji in these last terms. Is
there any reason for this? Why not just stick with one method? I'm sure there
is a way to describe アドレス in kanji for the last term. Does mixing them make it
easier to understand? It seems like the more recent / well-understood terms by
the general public get katakana. The others have kanji bases.

EDIT: There is 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 but would 「不揮発性半導体記憶」 not carry the same meaning as
不揮発性半導体メモリ？ It just seems to be a random decision whether a word gets katakana
or kanji.
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words kanji katakana orthography
What determines whether a word gets a kanji compound or katakana?
Regarding your question after the edit, I think you are poisoned with English.
It is the English word "memory" that can mean two different things: stored
information and a device that stores information. Do not assume that an
English idiosyncracy can be carried into Japanese. The Japanese word 記憶 means
stored information but not a device. The Japanese word メモリ means a device but
not information.
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words from foreign languages (other than Chinese language) that are used in
Japanese are always in katakana. Kanji is useful to distinguish between two
words with same phonetics but diffrent meanings
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You forgot the other option: abbreviations like IPアドレス, HDD, etc. This is
quite common when you start getting long, unwieldy strings of katakana.

I think there are multiple factors going on:

  1. People who work in electronics/computing are more likely to have a good command of English, and know the terms in English, and direct borrowing of English terms is quite natural in that case. Particularly if the meaning of the term in English, in the computing context, is not directly the same as the dictionary meaning of the word, making it more sensible to transliterate rather than translate.

  2. Where there is a pre-existing kanji compound that fits the bill and isn't ambiguous, that will be used.

  3. There is a general trend to use more katakana, so terms that are older, like 半導体, are more likely to have kanji forms.

  4. The person who names the item, or at least gives it the name that sticks, as sometimes there are multiple versions, will have their own personal preferences. (This might be the inventor, the documentation writer, translator, textbook writer...)

> Why not just stick with one method?

To turn it about: what would be the benefit of doing so?

In many cases these will be compounds of existing terms, and you're sticking
together a concept usually expressed in katakana and one for which a standard
kanji term exists, it is logical that the result will be part katakana, part
kanji.

To borrow from sawa's example, if "メモリ" has an existing meaning (separate from
記憶), and 不揮発性 as well 半導体 are existing terms, then 不揮発性 + 半導体 + メモリ is an
easily understandable compound. There's no particular advantage to replacing
the word "メモリ" with a less-used kanji equivalent.

If all the parts exist in katakana, you'll get an all katakana string
(although this might end up being shortened: メディタブ I've seen; スマホ is probably
as common, if not more, than the full equivalent). If all the parts have kanji
then you'd get a long kanji compound (for example: 超々大規模集積回路).

Now for an opinion from somebody in the field, from
[this](http://blog.nishinos.com/archives/2698925.html) blog.

The main reason he gives near the bottom as to why there are a lot of katakana
words in IT in particular:

時間がない (there's no time) The pace of the IT industry is fast, and there are
constantly new terms/concepts being invented. There isn't the time to come to
a consensus on the standard translation for each one. So transliterating into
katakana is the easiest way. Even if you were to coin a kanji term, chances
are that the majority would just use the katakana word.
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If the word, with a given meaning, got established outside of Japan and was
then introduced, then what I find is that if the person introducing the term
has good enough English that they are thinking in English, they'll tend to
write the word in katakana. The same if a non-specialist translator is being
used: their choices are:

  * Write the word as it sounds
  * Contact experts in the field to get an explanation of the concept in Japanese, and agree a kanji compound that captures the meaning reasonably well.

Whether they are getting paid by the source word, of by the hour, the katakana
option is more likely to be chosen. For a simultaneous translator, they simply
don't have time: they katakana-ize any unknown word.

Homegrown concepts, especially incremental advances on concepts that already
use kanji, are more likely to be in kanji.

What actually happens with a lot of words is they get introduced to Japan by
multiple people. In many cases they are independently invented, in different
countries. So you start off with multiple words for the same thing: some
people have gone for katakana, some for kanji. If the concept is quite
specialized and is mainly used in the scientific community (in which I include
the research divisions of large companies) then the kanji term has more chance
of sticking. If it is more a consumer-facing concept, then marketing divisions
are more likely to use the katakana term.
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