I'm completely lost on how university studies work in Japan, and I don't know
what exactly Japanese university students mean when they talk about 科 (か).
Often when they mention the studies they are doing, I see things like:

私は文学部史学科に通っています。

I go to the Faculty of Letters, to the **" Department"?** of History.

私は理工学部機械工学科に通っています。

I go to the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, to the **" Department"?** of
Mechanical Engineering.

In all the dictionaries I have consulted, 科 (か) always appears translated as
"department", but making a comparison with what it would be in other countries
(at least in mine), **wouldn't 科 (か) be rather the Bachelor's Degree you are
studying (i.e. the undergraduate course generally of 4 years, divided in x
subjects each year)?** For example, Bachelor's Degree in History or Bachelor's
Degree in Mechanical Engineering.

However, from how they express it, it seems that 科 (か) is a physical place
where they go, as if inside the building that is the faculty (文学部 or 理工学部)
there were several sections, and each one of these sections It was a
"department" with x assigned classrooms.

On the other hand, I have never heard or read a word they use to say
"Bachelor's Degree". **If the "Department" of History (史学科) or the
"Department" of Mechanical Engineering (機械工学科) are physical locations, I have
to assume that each of those departments offers a range of Bachelor's Degrees
(courses to study), right?** **So I wonder how (with which word) Japanese
university students refer to the Bachelor's Degree they study.**
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question
meaning words
Meaning of 科 and how to say "Bachelor's degree" in Japanese
Ultimately it depends on universities (as a body awarding degrees), but
traditionally 学士 is subdivided only to the faculty level as in 理学士, 文学士. To my
knowledge, this continues and Bachelor comes with the major at the faculty
level in parentheses as you can see [in
Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB). This
should be a convention (I'm aware of no strict regulations for what can come
as xx in 学士(xx). )

So I guess you are assuming that the title is fine-grained, which it is not.
If you attend "Dept of History, Faculty of Letters, University A" for 4 years,
you usually get 学士(文学). The fact you are educated in history is only
recognized by the name of the department on CV.
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answer
Here are the words you need when taking about something like this:

  * **学部** (がくぶ): Faculty
  * **学科** (がっか): Department (subcategory of 学部)
  * **学位** (がくい): (academic) degree

Notice that they all have 学 as the first character to avoid confusion. ぶ, か
and い are [too short and
ambiguous](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53782/5010), especially in
speech.

> Wouldn't 科 (か) be rather the Bachelor's Degree you are studying

No. Bachelor's Degree is translated as 学士, which is one of 学位. Other common
Japanese 学位 include 修士 (Master) and 博士 (Ph.D). These are something you
_obtain_ when graduating, but not something you _belong to_ as a student. For
example, you enter as a 文学部の学生, and you obtain 文学部の学士 when you graduate.

> However, from how they express it, it seems that 科 (か) is a physical place
> where they go

No. 学部/学科 might refer to a specific building depending on the context (in a
large campus with lots of buildings, it's safe to ask 看護科はどこですか instead of
bothering to say 看護科の建物はどこですか), but it's not the primary meaning of 学部/学科. If
you are a student and someone asks you 学部はどこですか, you have to respond with your
faculty name (e.g., 文学部です), not the place name of a building (e.g., 新宿です).
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answer