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In this dictionary I checked, there are two definitions for
[けれども](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/jn/%E3%81%91%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82/m0u/).
I also checked in my Japanese to English printed dictionary and there was only
one definition, but in my Japanese to Chinese printed dictionary, there were
two definitions as well.  
Unfortunately, I'm not good in Japanese and I can't read Chinese very well, so
I'm unable to find out the difference between the two definitions apart from
that one is labelled as a conjunction and the other as a conjunctive particle,
in both dictionaries, and that doesn't really explain anything to me.

Could someone please give me an explanation of the two けれどもs?
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words meaning homonyms
Two definitions of けれども
It's exactly what it says. If you look at the example sentences from your link
I think it'll be easier to get the difference:

> ［接］《接続助詞「けれども」から》前に述べた事柄と相反する内容を導く語。だが。しかし。「 **彼は頑固だ。―、話はわかる人間だ」**

And the other:

> １ 確定の逆接条件を表し、内容の矛盾する事柄を対比的に結びつける意を表す。
> **「言うことはりっぱだ―、することはなってない」「年はとっている―、実に活動的だ」**

I've bolded relevant parts and omitted the other 2 definitions from the
second, but the defining characteristic is that the former begins a sentence
while the latter ends a clause and connects it to another. Forgive me for not
giving all the grammatical lingo, but them's the basics.

Think of it like this. けれども (or just けど) at the end of a sentence in Japanese
is like starting a sentence in English with "although." Using it at the
beginning is like starting a sentence with "but" or "however" or something
like that. Notice how the first definition lists it as equivalent to だが or
ただし. Those _can't_ be used as conjunctive particles, so if you think of that
usage of けど as the same as those two, you can't go wrong.

Ultimately I think you probably know the meaning, and you don't need to get
caught up over the minutiae in the dictionaries. It's just a matter of where
you say it.
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The first is marked `接` (short for
[接続詞{せつぞくし}](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E7%B6%9A%E8%A9%9E#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E8.AA.9E.E3.81.AE.E6.8E.A5.E7.B6.9A.E8.A9.9E)
"conjunction"), while the second is divided into `接助` (short for
[接続助詞{せつぞくじょし}
](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E7%B6%9A%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E#.E6.8E.A5.E7.B6.9A.E5.8A.A9.E8.A9.9E)
"conjunctive particle") and `終助` (short for
[[終助詞]{しゅうじょし}](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E#.E7.B5.82.E5.8A.A9.E8.A9.9E)
"sentence-final particle").

So what's the difference? As it says, and as you can see from the examples,
they are different parts of speech. The conjunction can appear at the
beginning of a sentence, as in the example it gives:

> 「彼は頑固だ。 **けれども** 、話はわかる人間だ」

The conjunctive particle, however, appears after the 終止形{しゅうしけい} ("terminal
form") of an inflectable word (such as a verb or adjective). The dictionary
gives this example:

> 「年はとっている **けれども** 、実に活動的だ」

Compare the examples. The former is two sentences long because the
_conjunction_ `けれども` begins a new sentence; the latter is only one sentence
long because the _conjunctive particle_ `けれども` attaches directly to the verb.

Finally, there's also the _sentence-final particle_ `けれども`. Much like the
conjunctive particle `けれども`, the sentence-final version appears after the
terminal form of an inflectable word. Unlike the conjunctive particle,
however, it ends the sentence. See this example from
[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E3%81%91%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82&dtype=3&dname=2na&stype=0&pagenum=1&index=01323000):

> お願いがあるんです **けれど**  
>  I have a favor to ask of you.

In this answer, I've focused only on the difference between parts of speech.
However, the sentence-final version of `けれども` is also _semantically_
different. Since that semantic difference has already been covered in a
separate question, I will refer to it here—please see [けど at the end of the
sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2086/%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-at-
the-end-of-the-sentence).
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