98027
I'm trying to figure out if I should use 遅刻する or 遅刻している for expressing "I am
late to..."

For example, I was thinking, 仕事初日に遅刻しているだけじゃなく、迷子になってしまった。"Not only am I late
to my first day on the job, but I've gotten lost, too." I thought this was
correct, but since 遅刻 already means "to be late/tardy", is the resultant state
ーしている redundant? Also, a similar question for 迷子になってしまった. Should I be using
the past tense here or the resultant state? Thanks.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T07:50:48.993
98024
2023-01-08T12:51:08.880
2023-01-08T07:59:40.330
55146
55146
question
grammar usage conjugations
遅刻している vs 遅刻する for saying "I am late."
In its original sense, 遅刻する refers to a punctual act of arriving late. So, if
you are talking about a late arrival that is likely to happen, you should use
遅刻する.

> 仕事初日に遅刻するだけじゃなく、〜  
>  Not only I’m going to be/arrive late on my first day on the job, …

However, 遅刻している is also fine as it is understood as referring to either one of
the following two states.

> 仕事初日に遅刻しているだけじゃなく、〜  
>  a) Not only I’m (running) late for work on my first day on the job, …  
>  b) Not only I’m making the mistake of being/arriving late on my first day
> on the job, …

The first is about the fact of being late, whereas the second sounds like an
answer to the self-accusatory question of _What am I doing?!_ I know these two
are different, but I’m find it hard to explain...

When said about yourself, 迷子になっている or 迷子になってしまっている would be understood
similarly to (b) above. It’s good as a statement about an ongoing state of
another person.

迷子になった or 迷子になってしまった refers to the event of getting lost that has already
happened and thus put you in the current state.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-08T12:51:08.880
98027
2023-01-08T12:51:08.880
43676
98024
answer