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Consider the following:

  1. {どんな・[何]{なん}の}映画を見ましたか。
  2. {どんな・何の}本を買いましたか。

What is the difference in the type of information requested by the two
interrogatives?

My hypothesis is that 何の is used to request information from pool of discrete
data, while どんな requests information from continuous data. (どんな is broader
than 何の)

That is to say that 何のX requests information from a set of established data; X
has been categorised into discrete genres and it asks for which, while どんなX
seems to be more open-ended.
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word-choice
Difference between 何の～ and どんな～
If you were to ask me 何の映画を見ました, I would respond with the name of the movie.
If you were to use どんな, I would respond with a description of the movie. In
the broadest terms it's the difference between "which/what" and "what kind
of." 何の is asking for something specific where どんな is asking for a
description.
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I would say it's a description of content (`何の`) vs. description of
characteristics (`どんな`)

>   * それは何の本ですか。 (What/which book is that? / "What is the content of that
> book?") → これは生物学の本です。 (It's a biology book.)
>   * それはどんな本ですか。 (What kind of book is that? / "How would you describe that
> book?") → これは分厚くて、重い本です。 (It's a thick, heavy book.)
>
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It is kind of a simple grammar actually... you use どんな in order to say: _How?_
, _What kind of?_ and, generally speaking, something related to type. On the
other hand 何{なん} is used in order to specify characteristics of the modified
term. However it gets a little bit more complicated sometimes, because it
might be unclear where the difference is depending on the context. So, here we
go with examples.

## Describing content

As someone else pointed out, 何 is used to describe content. Consider the
following:

> それは何の本ですか。 => That book, what is it about?
>
> この雑誌はファッションの雑誌ですよ => That megazine is a fashion one.

When content is involved, it is really easy because we are talking about
books, megazines. But this will work for videos as well:

> 見た映画は何の(映画)でしたか。 => What was it about, the movie you saw?

Everytime you need to say some like _to be about of..._ , no problems, use 何.

## Describing places and people

It happens quite often to ask something like:

> What kind of place is that?

Or:

> What kind of town is it?

So, we can have the following:

> Q) 東京はどんな町ですか。 => What kind of town is Tokyo?
>
> A) あの、東京はすごく大きな町ですよ。 => Well, Tokyo is a really big city.

The same goes for people, have you ever asked someone something like: "What
kind of guy is he?". Well, here we go:

> Q) えと、前川さんの友達はどんな人ですか。 => Ehm, The friend of Maekawa-san, what kind of guy
> is he?
>
> A) あのね、その人は優しいし、けいけんがあるし、いい人だと思う。 => Well, considering he is very kind and
> experience, I think is a good guy.

There is also the typical sentence about weather:

> What's the weather like in Japan? => 日{に}本{ほん}はどんな天{てん}気{き}ですか。

## Describing characteristics in general

何 is used also to specify elements that belong (physically or in an abstract
way) to something. Consider the following:

> その車は何色ですか。 => What color is that car?
>
> 何と言う意味ですか。 => What is the meaning of this? (quite an idiomatic sentence
> though)
>
> 何のためですか。 => What is this for? (asking about the purpose of a certain action)

Please note that here you want to have some sort of clear answer and a brief
one as well. What color my car? Red! And that's it. I am pointing this
because, in the next lines, I am going to give you a little hint about the
good times when it is appropriate to use どんな.

## In general

Not easy sometimes, but one general rule might be the following: Use どんな
whenever you want a description of something, when you want to know something
more about a man, a place, a woman, an object. When you use どんな always expect
your interlocutor to provide a brief/long description which will never be
limited to few words. When using どんな you want to take some time and consider
something more detailed.

Use 何for the rest.

Japanese language sometimes is not easy to grasp, and sometimes trying to be
very firm and not flexible (trying to achieve a generic strict rule) is a
wrong approach. I was among thos ones who tried that way, had to give up...
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