Firstly, I am not a linguist and will probably use linguistic terminology
inappropriately. よろしくお願いします。

> What is the difference in meaning between verbs in the perfective aspect
> (～た), present progressive (～ている), and past progressive (～ていた), _specifically
> verbs that denote a **resultative** meaning?_
>
> Alternatively, what is the difference in meaning between 死んだ{しんだ}、死んでいる、and
> 死んでいた, and between 来た{きた}、来ている、and 来ていた?

Take the verb 死ぬ (and pretend resurrection is possible).

  1. In the perfective aspect, which denotes a completed (perfected) action, 死んだ translates simply to "[subject/topic] died, _and may or may not still be dead presently_ ", or more simply "died".
  2. In the (resultative) present progressive, the deadness is still imperfectively ongoing, thus 死んでいる translates to "[subject/topic] died, _and is still dead presently_ ", or more simply "is dead".
  3. In the (resultative) past progressive, 死んでいた means "[subject/topic] died, _and was still dead at the time in reference, though may or may not still be dead presently_ ," or maybe "[subject/topic] _was_ dead, _though may or may not still be dead presently_." More simply "was dead". These attempted understandings almost sound like trying to force the perfect tense in English onto the perfective resultative past progressive meaning in Japanese. How can this error in understanding be rectified?

Please explain the semantic and pragmatic differences between the three forms
of the above two verbs (死ぬ、来る), specifically _comparing and contrasting the
Japanese meanings to the English meanings with linguistic/grammatical evidence
supporting said explanations, taking into account the communicative
limitations resulting from the fundamental differences in how verbs are
positioned relatively in time between the two languages._
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2018-08-10T22:51:10.057
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2018-08-11T00:39:18.577
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question
conjugations tense aspect
perfective aspect vs resultative present progressive vs resultative past progressive