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(1) 人に薬を注射する。

(2) 人を薬で注射する。

(3) 人に薬で注射する。

A survey of sentences tells me that (1) is certainly grammatical, but (2) &
(3) do not occur (At least in the ones I looked at). Both in English and
Croatian, structures analogous to (1) & (2) are grammatical ("Inject Y with
X", "Inject Y into X"), but (3) is not.

I'm wondering whether this pattern holds in Japanese as well, even though I
couldn't find any examples, and if there are other verbs with similar
behavior.
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particles particle-に transitivity
Particle Use with 注射する
* I did a survey on Goo <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84/example/>
  * What's alive in me right now is that Target ni Substance o 注射する seems to be the only one
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Hmm... (2) and (3) are not grammatical indeed. I guess we can at least match
the word order in Japanese and English sentences in similar nuance, though.

(1) 人に薬を注射する (inject 人 with 薬)

(2) 薬を人に注射する (inject 薬 into 人)

If you always were to translate "with" as "で", it won't work. You can also
create similar sentences in Japanese if you ignore that condition.

As for (3), I couldn't understand what you meant. Can you show me
**incorrect** English sentences for (3)?
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注射する works just like あげる ("to give"), わたす ("to pass"), 見せる ("to show") and so
on. It almost never takes a person as a direct object in Japanese.

  * 彼に見せる to show [something] to him
  * 彼を見せる to show him (his picture, etc.) [to someone]
  * 彼女に注射する to inject [something] to her
  * ?彼女を注射する to inject her [into someone]  
(This is almost always nonsense, but acceptable when "her" refers to [Ms. Red
Blood Cell](https://cellsatwork.fandom.com/wiki/AE3803).)

When で is present, it marks an injecting device (e.g., プラスチックのシリンジで注射する) or a
method (e.g., ボーラスで注射する).

The usages and the transitivity of a verb is not always preserved across
languages. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/72206/5010) for
more examples.
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