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So I ran across this example sentence: 食べている人はいますか？ And the translation was
"Is anyone eating?" However I thought the sentence would be: 誰でもが食べていますか？ Is
this correct?

Also is Xはいます = is any X? Examples: 猫はいます = is any cat, 車はあります = is any car,
花はあります = is any flower.

EDIT: I've added this question based on the answers so far. Based on what
everyone has said, 花はあります = There is a flower, but I thought that 花があります is
the (only) construct for that sentence structure.
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word-choice pronouns
Is "anyone" 人はいます or 誰でも?
> 食べている人はいますか？

Literally translated this means: "Are there people who are eating?"

This basically means the same thing as "Is anyone eating?"

The first translation is unnatural in colloquial English, while the second one
would be the natural way to say it.

Your attempt seems correct to me (minus the が). However, another
interpretation of 誰でも could be "everyone," making the first quoted example you
found more accurate in meaning. (Your attempt could also mean "Is everybody
eating?")

In English, "any" is a very versatile adverb/adjective that can apply to many
things. If you look up "any" in a Japanese dictionary you will find a number
of corresponding words for different situations.

I did not understand the second part of your question.
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You are over analysing. English and Japanese often do not translate word for
word (no matter how much you try to make them do so!)

A thorough analysis of this sentence (which I am sure you don't need but we
might aswell) would be:

食べている人(person eating - modified noun) は(topic marker)います(present - animate
word for existence)か？(question mark)

In English this boils down to；

> Is a person eating present?

which could be re-written as,

> Is anybody eating?

or

> Is there anybody eating?

"Is any ____" (as opposed to "Is any ____?" ) is probably not in any English
text book. (Have you ever heard anybody say "is any cat" as a statement of
fact?). Compare the following two statements:

> 猫はいます=> There is a cat
>
> 猫はいますか=> Is there a cat?
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There is a lot going on in this. The biggest problem is the fact that the
structure of the example sentence you found is a bit more advanced than you
are used to. The example sentence is right. If you were to break it down

食べている = currently eating  
人は = "a person" [the は marks the "person" the focus of the question]  
います = exists  
か = ?

誰でも is the closest thing to "anyone" in Japanese, but it is not used here
because it is implied by the use of the word person. The example sentence
could also be translated "Is someone eating?" rather than "Is anyone eating?"

To use an easier sentence structure I think you would want "誰かが食べていますか？" which
is (again) closer to "is there someone eating?" than "is anyone eating？" but
using ”誰でも” here sounds very awkward.

An important point to mention is that when you use "誰でも" the でも replaces the
particle you would normally use, so if you were to use 誰でも you would remove
the が entirely.

Xはいます is confusing in the example you've included because of how advanced a
sentence structure the example you found is. (I don't think you would be
taught sentences like that until you reached Japanese 201.) X is not "any" it
is merely the topic of the sentence, as it would be in any structure where it
was followed by は.

In all of your example sentences you want to look at the います which in all
cases indicates existence. You would translate

います ＝ "there is"  
は ＝ "a"  
猫/車/花 ＝ "cat/car/flower"

EDITED: However, as Yadokari pointed out, since います can only be used for
living creatures you would usually use があります for the car or flower, leaving
猫はいます the only correct example. Depending on the sentence all 3 would more
commonly be written with が than は, but that gets into an entirely different
question.

I am sorry this got so long but I hope it can help you a bit!
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