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みなさんこんにちは! :D

Currently, i'm reading Tae-Kim's big 'learn japanese' guide-thingy, and am
still vary much at the stage where im still learning to grasp the basic
sentence structure/grammar.

To this end, while i still struggle alot, im good enough with the basics of
nouns and adjectives to say/read vary simple things and be able to work out
the grammar.

The thing right now is that while its still confusing, i can at least grasp
how particles like は、が、も interact with nouns and adjectives, i can slowly work
my way through a sentence and come to understand its meaning.

However, the above does not apply to verbs, in that while i do get what verbs
are for, and kinda get the を particle. The exact nature of it, as well as
verbs interactions with other particles/nouns, is something i still reach a
consistent loss at, having no clue as to what is being described.

So ya, basicly, given the following uses of (noun) and (verb), could someone
explain what exactly is being described in each case, what idea is being
expressed, in a vary general sense?

(noun)(verb)

(verb)(noun)

(noun)を(verb)

(noun)は(verb)

(noun)が(verb)

So ya, hopefully ive managed to explain my current plight. I look forward to
hopefully finding a answer to it.

Thankz! :D

edit: Just to clarify. I dont care what exactly strings like 雨を来る literally
mean, or if they make sense. Im asking what exactly the grammar itself is
describing, regardless of the particular noun/verb used. The use of 雨 and 来る
is arbitrary.

edit: 雨 and 来る seem to be confusing people, so allow me to be a bit more
direct with (noun) and (verb) instead.
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2016-09-20T22:14:46.990
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2016-09-21T01:50:01.070
2016-09-21T01:09:33.920
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question
meaning particles verbs
How do verbs interact with particles like は, が, も, を, etc
A Japanese verb (base form) is both present and future.

  * 雨来る ----- N does V. -- The rain comes.

  * 来る雨 ----- V-ing N. -- The coming rain.

  * 雨を来る ----- 雪を食べる is [Eat the snow.] (食べる vt. _vs._ vi. 来る)

  * 雨は来る ----- (The rain is coming.)

  * 雨が来る ----- (The rain is coming.)

<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2005/02/05/the-difference-between-and/>

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Topic.2C_theme.2C_and_subject:_.E3.81.AF_wa_and_.E3.81.8C_ga>

> Topic, theme, and subject: は wa and が ga
>
> The complex distinction between the so-called topic (は wa) and subject (が
> ga) particles has been the theme of many doctoral dissertations and
> scholarly disputes. The clause 象は鼻が長い zō-wa hana-ga nagai is well known for
> appearing to contain two subjects. It does not simply mean "the elephant's
> nose is long", as that can be translated as 象の鼻は長い zō-no hana-wa nagai.
> Rather, a more literal translation would be
```

      "(speaking of) the elephant, its nose is long".
    
```

> Two major scholarly surveys of Japanese linguistics in English, (Shibatani
> 1990) and (Kuno 1973), clarify the distinction. To simplify matters, the
> referents of wa and ga in this section are called the topic and subject
> respectively, with the understanding that if either is absent, the
> grammatical topic and subject may coincide.
>
> As an abstract and rough approximation, the difference between wa and ga is
> a matter of focus: wa gives focus to the action of the sentence, i.e., to
> the verb or adjective, whereas ga gives focus to the subject of the action.
> However, a more useful description must proceed by enumerating uses of these
> particles.
>
> However, when first being introduced to the subject and topic markers wa and
> ga most are told that the difference between the two is simpler. The topic
> marker, wa, is used to declare or to make a statement. The subject marker,
> ga, is used for new information, or asking for new information.

(Bad, wordy English. Typical Wikipedia style.)

(For example, note the two 'However's in succession.)
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2016-09-21T01:50:01.070
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answer