I was working through the N3 完全マスター textbook and there is an example that says
「どうせ ____、面白い仕事がしたい。」The correct answer is やるなら, but another option was やったら.

At first, I thought maybe the reason why やったら is wrong is because たら requires
the first clause to happen first. It doesn't make sense to want to do an
interesting job after you've already started the job. But, you can say
「美味しいだったら、私も食べたい。」The first clause here is not a sequential event - it was
always delicious or it never was.

Also, upon asking friends, they said どうせやったら is possible, but it sounds like a
dialect. So what makes it sound "improper"?
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grammar conditionals
Why is どうせやるなら more standard than どうせやったら?
Its most probably because なら is hypothetical, since it also evolved from the
"nai stem"- 未然形 form, that was in classical japanese used as making
hypothetical conditionals (among other uses). so どうせやるなら is rather more
hypothetical than anything, どうせやったら is less, therefore どうせやるなら is more
natural. otherwise i would probably learn this as a "set phrase".
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(I originally started writing this as a comment)

なら feels to me like 'if you're going to do it', while たら feels like 'if you do
this, then'. The difference is slight between なら and だったら for nouns, of
course, but with verbs like this:

「どうせやるなら」 is 'if you're going to do it anyway' while 「どうせやったら」 just sounds
wrong to my ear, unless it's part of a longer sentence where どうせ isn't
directly modifying やる.

やるならやれ - 'if you're going to do it, do it'. やったらやれ - makes no sense. 'Once you
do it, do it' (you've already done it).

And as I said the difference is much smaller with nouns and adjectives
compared to verbs. I'm guessing because they need なる to reflect a _change_.
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どうせやったら is correct in Kansai region (as you mention, this is spoken dialect in
Kansai), but in the standard Japanese, どうせやるなら or どうせなら sounds correct. In the
standard Japanese, 「どうせやったら、面白い仕事がしたい」 sounds improper because やったら is past
tense. Although you haven't started an interesting job, you speak like you
already finished the job.
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Hasegawa's _Japanese: A Linguistic Introduction_ (2015) distinguishes
following kinds of conditionals: content conditionals, epistemic conditionals,
generic conditionals, speech-act conditionals.

The conditional おいしかったら、わたしもたべたい is arguably an epistemic one (the speaker's
will to eat the food is dependent on her knowledge whether it tastes good).
According to Hasegawa, in an epistemic conditional たら does not require that
the proposition in the dependent clause happen before the main clause. These
conditionals include

```

    もし電気がついていたら、彼は家にいる。  (If the lights are on, then he's home.)
    
```

It's hard to classify the conditional どうせやるなら、おもしろい仕事がしたい according to
Hasegawa's framework. The other similar conditional やるならやれ, which appears in
an another answer, does fit neatly into her analysis. According to Hasegawa,
if the proposition P in the dependent clause is "verifiable by the addressee",
and the content of the main clause precedes P in time, then なら is the only
grammatical connective. Here verifiable propositions are contrasted with mere
hypotheses (like future contingents, if I understand correctly). Examples
include

```

    もし警官になるなら、柔道をならえ。 (If you want to be a police officer (in the future), then learn judo (now).)
    
```

I think that this analysis suggests, if not explains, why なら is preferred to
たら in your example. Since the proposition in the conditional is about the
speaker's own action (やる), たら here sounds weirdly too hypothetical. The
verifiability criterion for choosing なら is clearly satisfied.

Finally, the dialectal どうせやったら is something completely different. やったら here is
the copula, not the verb やる。 The counterpart in the standard variant would be
どうせだったら.
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