76691
This is a text from NHK easy news where the alcohol content of desinfectants
is being discussed:

```

    これより濃{こ}いと消毒{しょうどく}する力{ちから}が小{ちい}さくなるため、薄{うす}くして使{つか}うように言{い}っています。
    
```

I am wondering here about the literal translation of the と-Particle in
これより濃{こ}い **と** 消毒{しょうどく}する力{ちから}. Does the と-Particle in this case mean:

  * WITH higher (alcohol) concentration than this (the desinfection efficacy will be smaller...), or
  * IF the (alcohol) concentration is higer than this (the desinfection efficacy will be smaller...)

(So my question aims also a bit if this is how a proportionality relation,
e.g. "with increasing speed the kinetic energy increases" can be expressed in
Japanese)

Thanks a lot!
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-04-19T11:19:11.880
76675
2020-04-20T04:33:07.390
2020-04-19T17:24:06.120
18895
18895
question
particle-と
Literal meaning of と-Particle in これより濃いと消毒する力
This is not explicitly expressing proportionality, it's just a conditional. Of
course, constructions like this:

> これより濃いと消毒する力が小さくなる
>
> If the alcohol content is higher than this the disinfection efficacy will be
> smaller

In both English and Japanese do not exclude the possibility that there is a
proportional relationship here between these two things, they just
underspecify.

The thing most closely resembling the `with` you are asking about here, in
terms of being relatively formal and expressing proportionality, is `とともに`.
See
[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AB&pg=5)
for some examples, like:

> 治療が長引くとともに増加する
>
> increase with prolonged therapy

Colloquially, proportional relationships can also be expressed with
constructions like
[すればするほど](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%99%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9).
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-04-20T04:33:07.390
76691
2020-04-20T04:33:07.390
2020-06-17T08:18:27.500
-1
7705
76675
answer