Take for example the sentence below

> ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。

Does this mean something like "Even if we did get into a fight, they wouldn't
be able to touch me/lay a hand on me(i.e. they would be no match for me)"?

A few more lines for context:

> 美桜とは付き合いが長いのに、一度もケンカや口論をしたことがない。
>
> むしろこの性格でどうやったらケンカができるのか、誰かに訊いてみたいぐらいだ。
>
> もっとも、 **ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。**
>
> 曲がりなりにも女性だからというのもあるが、それができない訳ありな事情もあったりする。  
>  (Explained later on that she has androphobia and she cries if she comes
> into physical contact with a male)
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meaning
The meaning of 手が出せない
It means I won`t get into the fight.
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Without context, I can't figure out the subject for ケンカができたとしても. Is it 俺?

And 手が出せない literally means "It is beyond my reach." Without context again, all
I can guess is that he has some reason to stay away from the incidence.

*** revised ***

I am adding a translation in a interlinear fashion, as the context is given.

美桜とは付き合いが長いのに、一度もケンカや口論をしたことがない。

Though I have been dating 美桜 (Mio?) for a long time, I have never had a
quarrel nor a dispute with her.

* * *

むしろこの性格でどうやったらケンカができるのか、誰かに訊いてみたいぐらいだ。

Rather (Caveat: I have no idea why this "rather" is inserted by the original
authour.) I would like to ask someone how I can have a quarrel with her, given
her personality.  

* * *

もっとも、ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。

Even if I could, I would not lift my hand against her.

* * *

*** Added (again) ***

曲がりなりにも女性だからというのもあるが、それができない訳ありな事情もあったりする。

Of course it's partly because she is a lady (in the sense of "woman"), but
there is another reason I can't do that.

(曲がりなりにも literally means "though imperfectly" or "in the fashion which is not
satisfactory". This usage, together with the usage of むしろ, is the reason why I
say "sloppy.")
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手{て}を出{だ}す literally means 'to put one's hand out; to touch'. So, it can
metaphorically means 'to throw the first punch', 'to try something out', and
'to flirt on'.

Without the context, the sentence in question could be interpreted in two
ways:

> ケンカができたとしても俺{おれ}には手{て}が出{だ}せない。
>
>   1. Nobody can touch me even if they get into a fight with me.
>
>   2. I cannot hit someone even if I could have a fight with that person.
>
>

In the context you wrote above, the sentence means #2: 'I cannot hit her even
I could have a fight with.' There are some reasons in addition to that
美桜{みお?みう?} is a lady.
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