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I'm a newbie and I'm now trying to parse my first text, the １１ぴきの猫 children
book. There is a sentence: 山をこえ、のを こえて、どんどん 行くと、はるかむこうに みずうみが みえました。 I think
the overall meaning is clear, but I'm puzzled by this "山をこえ". I assume that
this "こえ" is a stem of こえる (to cross), but why is it used in this form, rather
than て-form, like in the following "のを こえて"?
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2021-03-08T10:45:55.570
84495
2021-03-09T05:55:38.043
2021-03-09T05:55:38.043
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question
grammar verbs て-form renyōkei
やまをこえ、のを　こえて、。。。-- how to interpert "こえ"?
こえる is an interesting verb and it is often used in one of its various forms,
such as こえ here, to convey what we would in English with "across", "over", or
"beyond". (Note: not "over" as in _above_ , but as in "over the hills and
mountains we go" to mean going beyond them.)

So,

> 山をこえ、のを こえて、どんどん 行くと、はるかむこうに みずうみが みえました。

could be render as following in English:

> Over the mountain, beyond the field, if you keep on going, far in the
> distance, a pond was visible.

As mentioned in the comment, こえ works similar to こえて when linking a series of
verbs as we would in English using "and". You see it a lot in literature.

Note also the て-form of verb can have an instrumental nuance, "by doing...".
That instrumental meaning does not come through with just the [連用形]{れんようけい}.
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2021-03-08T16:24:46.997
84498
2021-03-08T16:24:46.997
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answer