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> 日本語と英語は、文法だけなくて、考え方随分違うらしい。

It is saying that: evidently, the way of thinking in English and Japanese is
extremely different.

What does the 文法だけなくて? (Grammar only ...?) I always get confused when なくて
appears in a sentence. It is as if i am bracing for some contradiction or
negative.

Is their a general phrase pattern for 「~なくて」？
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question
negation
What does this inserted clause mean? 文法だけなくて
Yes, it's say that English and Japanese are, not limited to grammatical
aspects, very different languages.
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2017-04-01T23:05:12.800
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answer
The sentence should be:

> 日本語と英語は、文法だけ **で** なくて、考え方 **も** 随分違うらしい。

「XXだけでなくてYYも」（or 「XXだけでなくYYも」「XXだけではなくYYも」「XXだけではなくてYYも」etc.) means "Not only
XX but also YY".

So it literally means:

"As for Japanese and English, it seems / they say that not only their grammars
but also their ways of thinking are quite different."  
→ "It seems / they say that Japanese and English are quite different not only
in grammar but also in way of thinking."
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answer