下の方は努力して見ようとしないと、見えないのだ。 (From line 4:
<https://www.docdroid.net/847v2dg/img-20170413-0001-new.pdf.html>) According
to my understanding of the sentence, it says: "Concerning the lower area,

...if you don't want to see it with effort... or ...if you don't make an
effort while making an effort to see it...

...,you can't see it."

The problem lies with the relation between 努力して and 見ようとしないと. As far as I
understood the "intentional form + とする" constructions, when expressing that
someone intentionally makes an effort or doesn't make an effort, another 努力して
to emphasize that someone's making an effort isn't required, since this effort
is already contained in the respective verb.

Of course this problem is somehow eliminated when using "want" instead of
"making an effort" in the translation of said form. But it doesn't change that
the same thing is kind of expressed twice here. I guess it's just there to put
more emphasis on it, but I wanted to ask about it in case I've missed
something.
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question
grammar
Problem with the て form in this sentence
I think you understand the numerical formula:

```

    努力して見る ≒ 見ようとする ＜ 努力して見ようとする
    
```
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answer
努力して見ようとする is not redundant. 見ようとする is simply "to try to see" and it does not
necessarily mean you make an effort. If you move your head and eyeballs with
the purpose of seeing something, that is already called 見ようとする.

努力する is a word that explicitly means you make a considerable amount of effort.
Without this, the phrase does not mean someone tries _hard_ to see the lower
part.
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