what's the reason all negative verbs in Japanese ends with ない?

食べない

行かない

来ない

しない

is It related to あるverb? I am interested in knowing the origin
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question
grammar etymology morphology
where does ~ない come from
ない is the negation suffix.

As a suffix, ない superseded older ぬ.

ない is not related (derivationally) to the verb ある.

  * In modern Japanese, ない on its own is used as the negative form of ある (compare それはある "there is that" and それはない "there isn't that"), but historically, we do find regularly suffixed forms like あらぬ. 
    * I think this kind of usage, where an unrelated word becomes used as an inflected form of some other word, is called "[suppletion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppletion)" in linguistics.  
Consider also English _" go"_ and past tense _" went"_ -- _" went"_ was
originally the past tense of unrelated verb
_"[wend](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wend#English)"_, and the past tense of
_" go"_ was previously
_"[yode](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yode#English)"_.

As to "why" all plain (non-ます) negative verb forms include ない, may as well ask
why all negative verb constructions in English include some form of the word
"not".

* * *

Separately, regarding the etymology.

The negation suffix ない appears from around the late 1500s, originating in
eastern Japanese dialects.

Before that, the negation suffix was ず or inflected form ぬ. Some linguists
think that the predicate form ず was itself a contraction of older に [from ぬ] +
す [of uncertain function]: //nisu// → //nsu// → //nzu// → //zu//.

In ancient eastern Japanese dialects, there was also a negation suffix なふ.
Some scholars suggest a link between ancient なふ and modern ない, but there are
problems with this theory -- なふ conjugated as a verb, while ない conjugates as
an adjective; also, なふ disappears from the historical record centuries before
we see ない.

After ない appeared and began spreading, both ない and ず or ぬ were in use. ない
didn't really become standard until after 1907 when official government
textbooks settled on using ない.

For those interested, references (in Japanese):

  * The [ない entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-586949) in the 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 or NKD, via Kotobank -- particularly the [語誌] section
  * The [なう entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%86-587426#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8) (modern spelling of ancient なふ) in the NKD, second entry on that page, also via Kotobank
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