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I was just thinking about the sunburn I will get during the upcoming 4th of
July holiday. Then, I wondered if 「日焼{ひや}け」is a verb nominalization. If it is,
I am not aware of such a pattern.

Is it an ad-hoc conglomeration of the idea of "sun", "skin", and "burn"?  
「日は人間の肌を焼ける」  
「日は焼ける」// make the object implicit  
「日焼ける」// drop the article  
「日焼け」// drop the trailing "る"

Or, is this representative of a certain verb nominalization process that can
be used to nominalize other verbs?
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2014-07-02T19:05:12.110
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grammar etymology
「日焼{ひや}け」 is not representative of a means to nominalize verbs?
This is a common pattern of taking a noun + particle + verb combination and
shortening the verb to it's stem form:

As Choko points out in her comment to your question:

> 日に焼ける drops the particle に and changes 焼ける into the stem 焼け => 日焼け
>
> 炭火で焼く drops the particle で and changes 焼く into the stem 焼き => 炭火焼き
>
> 家で飲む drops the particle で and changes 飲む into the stem 飲み => 家飲み
>
> 花を見る drops the particle を and changes 見る into the stem 見 => 花見
>
> 道を行く drops the particle を and changes 行く into the stem 行き => 道行き

There are similar phrases that aren't created exactly in this way, but
similarly. For example:

> 遊び食べ

And others that have more nuanced meanings

> 裏行き does not just mean 裏で行く but references a distance.

So it's not a fast rule, but holds in many cases.
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answer
These are (deverbal) noun-noun compounds:

  1. The first noun is either an **adjunct** to or an **argument** of the verb.
  2. The second noun is a **deverbal** form of a verb—specifically, its 連用形 ("continuative form"), a verb form used as a noun.

When the nouns are put together,
[rendaku](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku) ("sequential voicing")
sometimes occurs:

  1. If the first noun is an **adjunct** , rendaku usually applies ( **96%** of the time, if possible).

  2. If the first noun is an **argument** , rendaku sometimes applies ( **44%** of the time, if possible).

The numbers above are from Kyoko Yamaguchi's paper [_Accentedness and Rendaku
in Japanese Deverbal Compounds_
(2011)](http://www3.nacos.com/lsj/modules/documents/LSJpapers/journals/140_forum_yamaguchi.pdf),
which discusses this topic in more detail.

Some examples from Tsujimura's [_Introduction to Japanese
Linguistics_](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1444337734) to
illustrate the difference:

> 絵 **を** 描く → 絵描き（え **か** き） 絵 **を** is an **argument**  
>  手 **で** 書く → 手書き（て **が** き） 手 **で** is an **adjunct** , rendaku occurs
>
> 物 **を** 干す → 物干し（もの **ほ** し） 物 **を** is an **argument**  
>  陰 **で** 干す → 陰干し（かげ **ぼ** し） 陰 **で** is an **adjunct** , rendaku occurs
>
> 魚 **を** 釣る → 魚釣り（さかな **つ** り） 魚 **を** is an **argument**  
>  磯 **で** 釣る → 磯釣り（いそ **づ** り） 磯 **で** is an **adjunct** , rendaku occurs

Voicing happens with arguments as well, but less than half of the time:

> 人 **を** 買う → 人買い（ひと **か** い） 人 **を** is an **argument**  
>  人 **を** 殺す → 人殺し（ひと **ご** ろし） 人 **を** is an **argument** , rendaku occurs
> anyway

Deverbal compounds of this sort are quite common in Japanese.
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