Evening,

like in the title, verb & adj conjugations are todays brain buster.

I find it hard to work out the right question to ask, so i made a few simple
ones (i think).

1: じゃ。why is is only used in the な adjective?

2: です。in adjectives and ます。for verbs. Why is that?

3: あるverb in ありません。why only in adjectives? (where verbs is only ます)

4: った。does it essentially indicate past tense for all adj?

5: ますーました。is it essentially ました = ます＋した (from する). (same question for ません).

All and any thoughts appreciated. Thankyou for your time, Shaun.

<https://www.japandict.com/> was where i looked through the conjugations
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2018-03-25T03:33:35.897
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2018-03-25T08:22:22.177
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question
grammar conjugations
verb, adj conjugation/"declension"
I don't know if my answers are 100% grammatically accurate, but this is how I
think about them:

1) The na-adjectives also behave as nouns. To use them as adjectives you add
な.

> これはきれいな部屋だ/です。  
>  This is a clean room.  
>  この部屋はきれいだ/です。  
>  This room is clean.

In the second example きれい acts as a noun, so to say this is **not** a clean
room you'd have

> この部屋はきれいじゃない/ではありません。

in the same way that you'd happily write 犬じゃない. So, I don't see this じゃ as a
conjugation, rather, it's just part of the negative copula (じゃない). You could
equally well write きれいではありません etc.

2) ます is a polite conjugation of a verb. です only adds to i-adjectives. It is
not a conjugation of the adjective, it is just added on to the end to make the
sentence more polite. For example:

> 田中さんはやさしい。  
>  田中さんはやさしいです。

are both equally good, just with different levels of politeness.

3) You need to clarify this question. I don't understand what you're asking.
If I had to guess, maybe you're thinking about things like きれいではありません, in
which case, refer to 1).

**Edit** : Still not quite sure what you mean. You seem to be asking about
negating adjectives. For i-adjectives you change the final い to a く and then
add the negative form of the verb ある on to the end. That gives you a formal
and an informal way to write it:

> Formal: おいしくありません  
>  Informal: おいしくない

Because ない itself behaves like an i-adjective the latter case can be made
formal by adding です as discussed in 2):

> Formal: おいしくないです

For the past tense conjugate ある just like you would if it was a stand-alone
verb:

> おいしくありませんでした  
>  おいしくなかった  
>  おいしくなかったです

4) Not quite sure what you mean, but I'm going to say that the answer is yes.
For an i-adjective you take of the final い and add かった:

> おいしい -> おいしかった

For a na-adjective, as we discussed in 1), you conjugate the copula rather
than the adjective:

> きれいだ-> きれいだった  
>  きれいです -> きれいでした

5) I doubt it, but I'm not even remotely qualified to answer that question.
It's an interesting question, but probably not so helpful to your studies at
this stage.
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answer