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My confusion surfaced when I came across a song named 「君がいるから」which I could
either interpret as "Because you are mine." or "Because you are here." Is
there a different way to say "You are mine" in Japanese, so this sentence
isn't ambiguous to speakers?

I could use a different sentence:

> 「犬がいます。」

My understanding is that this can mean both "I have a dog." and "There is a
dog." Is the only way to tell through context?
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2018-03-02T01:56:01.060
56979
2018-03-03T18:12:42.170
2018-03-02T11:18:22.843
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question
verbs possession
How do you differentiate between "I have" and "There is"?
「君がいるから」would mean 'Because you are (with me).'

If you want to say 'Because you are mine', you could say:

> 君が俺/僕/私のものだから。

This could sound a bit macho and possessive though.

As far as specifying 'having' a dog, you can use this expression:

> 犬を飼｛か｝っています - I 'have' (am raising) a dog.
>
> * * *
>
> 私には犬がいます or 私の家には犬がいます - I have a dog / My family has a dog.

Other than that, it is just a gradual development of your ability to read the
meaning based on context.
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2018-03-02T06:04:05.017
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2018-03-02T06:04:05.017
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answer
You've asked two different questions here, but I'm going to try and answer
both of them.

First of all, in regard to how to say "because you are mine", the very literal
translation would be something like:

> 君は僕のだから

Second of all, let's talk about the difference between "I have" and "there
is".

I encourage yourself to picture a Venn diagram for the meanings of "I have"
and "there is", and really ask yourself how much they overlap. It may be more
than you think.

For example, take this sentence

> I have three siblings.

In Japanese this would be

> 私は兄弟が３人います。

Which translated _very literally_ is

> As for me, there are three sisters.

They look very different, but that's because English really likes to stretch
out the verb `have`. Do you own your sisters? Are they really _yours_? Or is
this just English's way of saying that in your case there happen to be three
other people with the same parents as you?

A lot of the cases where we would use `have` in English that are not really
possessive in Japanese end up being `何々がある・いる`, but I think this can be fairly
intuitive if you give it a chance.

Lastly, there are a couple other verbs that are used for specific cases.

If you want to talk about owning a pet, you (as user27280 mentioned) use `飼う`.
Think of this as `keep`ing an animal.

However, for objects that are explicitly yours, the verb `持つ` is also used.
It's usually taught as "have/hold", but as you can see
[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4) it can also mean "have" in
the sense of possession/ownership. You wouldn't use it for your sister(s) or a
dog, but you could certainly say

> 私は車を３台持っています。

Edit: I also want to draw attention to user27280's answer, and specifically
the usage of `私には何々がいる`, which implies more possession/relationship than just
`私は何々がいる`.
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2018-03-02T06:17:35.190
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2018-03-03T18:12:42.170
2018-03-03T18:12:42.170
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answer
It depends on context. 'There is' is existence and 'I have' is possession. You
can say 君は僕の女 or あなたは私の彼 but I do not think 'you are mine' is a popular phrase
in Japan.
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2018-03-02T15:38:09.900
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2018-03-02T15:38:09.900
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answer