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As part of my research, I came across the following explanation
[here](https://hinative.com/questions/1236273):

> 討論 is a discussion or a debate at one place. 討議 consists of several
> discussions for a specific subject. 議論 is more general word. It can be used
> similar to 討論, or a piece of 討議.

As I understand it, 討論 means the event as a whole whereas 議論 is the actual
content of the debate, i.e. the argumentation. But I still don't understand
well the difference between these words. Which one would be closer to 話し合い ?
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meaning synonyms
What is the difference between 討論 and 議論?
The last question is easy to answer: 議論 is closer.

The character 討 carries a connotation of “battle”. 討論 certainly assumes there
are opposing sides and possibly also that there will be a winner. For example,
a debate between heads of political parties is 党首討論.

議論 is a more general term for discussion. Being a word of Chinese formation
(kango), it has a formal sound to it, but it basically means the same as 話し合い
when it refers to a concrete occasion where multiple people actually discuss
something.

議論 can also be used in a more abstract sense, corresponding to the second
definition of “debate” in the following excerpt from New Oxford American
Dictionary. (The first definition corresponds to 討論.)

> **debate** | dəˈbeɪt |  
>  noun
>
> a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative
> assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward: _last night's
> **debate on** the Education Bill._
>
> • an argument about a particular subject, especially one in which many
> people are involved: _the national **debate on** education_ | _there has
> been much debate about prices._
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