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I have the following sentence in my JLPT practise book:

> 当時{とうじ}母{はは}がどんな気持{きも}ちだったのか、子{こ}どもの私{わたし}には知{し}るべくもないことだった。

My faltering translation is something like, "How did my mother feel at the
time, she couldn't have known it was me."

I'm unclear on the implications. It seems to be that the mother's feelings are
unclear _because_ of not knowing who the speaker is, but who the speaker is
and how the mother would express it don't seem logically related to me. For
example, if she shouted because she was angry, it wouldn't matter who she
thought she was shouting at for an outside observer to determine she was
angry.

How does knowing who the speaker is and her feelings at the time connect? I
feel because I don't have a logical interpretation of the implications, my
translations doesn't feel correct.

What would be a more accurate translation than mine?
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translation nuances jlpt
This mother doesn't know her own child?
I think you're misunderstanding the use of 代名詞 in this.

The whole is:

> The feeling my mother had at that time was not something I could understand
> as a child.

I think what's confusing use is the second half based on your translation

子{こ}どもの私{わたし} = me as a child

子{こ}どもの私{わたし} **に** = to me as a child

子{こ}どもの私{わたし}に **は** = to me as a child

--> I had originally supposed は functions here as a subject marker (where the
comment double upvoted states "は is not a subject marker" which I take to mean
_this_ は is not a subject marker. (Should we understand it as simply
functioning as a topic marker or contrastive?)

and thus our subject is "to me as a child".

知るべく = something I could know [but in this case understand]
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I think you're parsing the sentence wrong. I read it as something like:

> There was no way that I, as a child, could have known what my mother was
> feeling back then.

I think the one who couldn't have known was 子どもの私, and the thing they couldn't
have known was 当時母がどんな気持ちだったのか.
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It seems you're not interpreting the sentence quite correctly.

It should be "As a child I had no way of knowing how my mother felt at that
time."

> [当時]{とうじ}[母]{はは}がどんな[気持]{きも}ちだったのか

Would be "how my mother felt at the time."

> [子]{こ}どもの[私]{わたし}には[知]{し}るべくもないことだった。

I think this is where you might be getting thrown off. `子供の私には` is what you
need to focus on. 子供の私 is the "child version" of the speaker, from that point
in time. には is saying that the preceding is not comprehensible _to_ him/her. I
assume べくもない is the target grammar point so you should know that it's saying,
basically, "had no way of knowing."
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The interpretations are correct but there is still a bit more to get from this
passage:

The expression:

> 当時[母]{はは}がどんな[気持]{きも}ちだったのか、

is correctly translated as:

> "As to how my mother felt at the time"

but the "、" can be seen as functioning like "は"：This phrase is the topic of
the rest of the sentence. It links directly to "ことだった。", as in AはBことだった (ie
A、Bことだった。)

As virmaior says:

> 知るべく＝something I could know [but in this case understand]

It is worth mentioning that べく is usually associated with "must" but in this
case it is closer to "should", which is in turn closer to "could". There best
way I can think of to make this point clearer is to compare "There is no way I
could have known..." vs "There is no way I should have known". They are not
exactly the same but often you can say either without changing the overall
meaning.

The next grammatical point is the expression 〜べくもない. I think there is another
JLPT N1 point here but the best I could find quickly in my old textbooks was
several expressions that include ~もない such as ~出来そうにもない, where the "もない” makes
the negative sense more absolute (-> "There is no way I could know" rather
than the slightly weaker "I could not know").

And finally the sentence ends in past tense, "だった". The writer could have used
"だ" and the meaning would not have changed but when relating past events the
plain form is to describe "the stage" or circumstantial matters. This is not a
circumstantial matter. It would not surprise me if the complete text you are
looking at describes other more circumstantial matters in the plain form.

We end up with a more literal translation such as:

> "As for how my mother felt (then), it was not something that the child I was
> at the time could have known."

Which equates to the more natural:

> There was no way that I, as a child, could have known what my mother was
> feeling back then.
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