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...where the furigana is a different "word"/"synonym" for the actual kanji in
song lyrics, titles, etc.?

A couple references to this:

  * [Why are some lyrics' words written in kanji whose usual reading is not how it is sung?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/198/78)
  * [サモンナイト ツインエイジ 〜精霊たちの[共鳴]{«こえ»}〜](http://www.summonnight.net/snworld/snta/index.html)

Is there any distinct name for this technique?
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terminology furigana creative-furigana
Is there a name for this furigana convention
They are called
[当{あ}て字{じ}](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E5%AD%97).

There are two types of 当て字:

  1. Ignoring the meaning of the Kanji and using them to create a sound (e.g. 珈{コー}琲{ヒー})
  2. Ignoring the reading of the Kanji and using their meaning to demonstrate another sound (e.g. 衝{ショッ}撃{ク})

In this case, they are using the second type. The voices of the ghosts sound
evoke 共鳴, so while you read 声, the point is that you are to imagine the sound
of their actual voices as having the properties of 共鳴.

This is also used a lot for children's names today -- parents want to use
particular Kanji, but make the reading something totally different from what
the characters would normally read as. A search for
[当て字名前ランキング](https://www.google.co.jp/#q=%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E5%AD%97%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0)
will get you a bunch, but one example is a girl named 星{ティアラ}
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It is called ルビ but many of us native speakers just substitute ふりがな for it.
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