anyone got any idea, why its like that?
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2023-01-07T19:41:49.043
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2023-01-08T01:01:12.060
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question
grammar
why is the が case particle but は binding particle?
[Case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case) particles (格助詞)
indicate the roles of words in a sentence. が indicates the marked word is a
subject, を indicates the word is a direct object, の indicates the word is an
owner, and so on. However, は is not like case particles in two ways:

  1. は can mark words regardless of their case. In 私は走る, は is marking a subject. In リンゴは食べる, は is marking an object. In この町には公園がある, は is marking a location. In all these sentences, は is specifying the _topic_ of a sentence. A topic is a word around which a sentence is constructed, and it is different from a _subject_.  
You may notice は is syntactically similar to English "even" or "also", in that
they can attach to almost any word regardless of whether it's a subject, an
object or whatever ("Even/Also I run", "I eat even/also the apple", "I go
even/also to Japan", ...).

  2. は basically works by **following** another case particle (からは, へは, には, までは, etc.). が and を are exceptions here; these two are shy and somehow hide themselves when は comes closer. When the subject (normally marked with が) is also the topic of a sentence, you have to mark it with just は, not がは. The same is true for をは (although [をば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2920/5010) remains in exceptional cases).

So the purpose of は is not to indicate the case (格) of a word, but to add some
"extra meaning" to a word that already has the case indicated by another
particle (again, が and を are exceptions here). This is why は is not a case
particle but an adverbial particle (副助詞) in Japanese.

も and すら are other examples of 副助詞. They attach to a word of any case and add
some extra meaning (namely "also" and "even", respectively). Again, が and を
become invisible when these approaches, but if you think a transparent が/を is
still there, it may help you understand the difference between 格助詞 and 副助詞.

Related:

  * [Is "は" really a "topic marker"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48524/5010)
  * [What is the subject of this sentence? Is it the book (mentioned) or the author (who is not mentioned)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17571/5010)
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2023-01-08T01:01:12.060
2023-01-08T01:01:12.060
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answer