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> **才能があろうがなかろうが** 、そんなもん他人が決める事じゃない。どこの部に所属するかなんぞ俺が決める事だ

I'm asking about the bolded clause. This is casual dialogue, in case there's
any confusion about that.

I don't normally put Japanese through Google Translate, but I did so here and
the clause was translated to "Whether there is talent or not,"... Why is that?
I'd love to know the grammar rules behind this. Thanks in advance.
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question
grammar particle-が volitional-form dialogue
What are the grammar rules behind this clause, 「才能があろうがなかろうが」?
ある means to have. なかる means to not have. Then あろうう is like shall have and なかろう
is like shall not have. Then the whole thing あろうがなかろうが sounds like "whether
they have it or not". The whole thing roughly translates to "whether they have
the talent or not is not for others to decide. Things like club membership are
decided by me". Sounds like the context is a highschool or something.
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answer
According to 明鏡国語辞典, the が is a conjunctive particle (接続助詞), and it expresses
逆接の仮定条件 (contradictory hypothetical condition? "even if~"/"no matter~~") when
attached to the volitional auxiliaries 「う・よう」「まい」.

Examples:

>   * 人が何と言お **うが** 、私はやる。（言おうと(も)）  
>  No matter what others may say, I'll do it.
>   * 私がどこに行こ **うが** 、君には関係ない。 (行こうと(も))  
>  No matter where I go, it's not your concern.
>   * どこにい **ようと** (も)、いつもあなたを想っています。  
>  No matter where I might be, I'll always be thinking of you.  
>  ～と and ～が have the same meaning and are interchangeable in most situations,
> but ～が can sound a bit stronger and is more often used for sentences with a
> negative or decisive nuance, eg 「あなたには関係ない」「私の勝手だ」「絶対～～する」.
>

* * *

> 「volitional form A (～う/よう) + が/と + volitional form B (～う/よう) + が/と 」

This is a fixed construction for saying "(Regardless of) Whether A or B"
(「たとえAしたとしてもBしたとしても」 in a less literary way).

In this formula you use two different verbs/adjectives, which are ある and ない in
your example. 「あろう」 and 「なかろう」 are the volitional forms of 「ある」 and 「ない」,
respectively.

「才能があろうがなかろうが」 here in your example literally means "(Regardless of) Whether
there is talent or there isn't", i.e., "Whether I have talent or not." ＝「才能があろ
**うと** なかろ **うと** 」.

Examples:

>   * 結婚し **ようが** 、一人でい **ようが** 、私の勝手でしょ。(結婚しようと一人でいようと)  
>  Whether I get married or stay single, it's none of your business.
>   * 雨が降ろ **うが** 風が吹こ **うが** 、私は行く。(雨が降ろうと風が吹こうと)  
>  Whether it rains or blows, I'll go.
>

* * *

You could also rephrase your example as 「才能があろうが **あるまいが** 」「才能があろうと **あるまいと**
」, repeating the same verb 「ある」:

> 「volitional form (～う/よう) + が/と + **negative volitional (～まい)** + が/と」

You use this structure to mean "(Regardless of) Whether ~~ _or not_ "
(「～ても～なくても」 or 「たとえ～たとしても～なかったとしても」 in a less literary way).

In this formula you repeat the same verb, first time in the affirmative
volitional form (～う・よう) and the second the negative volitional form (～まい).

Examples:

>   * 君が気に入ろ **うが** 気に入る **まいが** 、これが僕のやり方だ。(気に入ろうと気に入るまいと)  
>  Whether you like it or not, this is the way I do it.
>   * 信じ **ようが** 信じ **まいが** 、これは真実なのだ。(信じようと信じまいと)  
>  It's true, whether you believe it or not.
>
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answer
> 才能があろうがなかろうが  
>  - Whether there is talent or not,  
>  - Whether I'm talented or not,

This is a phrase using the volitional to express **a lack of relation**.

As for the theme, I found a very simple and easy explanation
[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/volitional2) on the
Internet, so I quoted it as it is including examples with some editing.

Basically, we can use both volitional and negative volitional forms to say it
doesn't matter whether something is going to happen or not. This is done by
attaching 「が」 to both the volitional and the negative volitional form of the
verb that doesn't matter.

> Using the volitional to express a lack of relation  
>  •Attach 「が」 to the volitional and negative volitional form of the verb.  
>  Examples  
>  1. 食べる → 食べ **よう** 、食べ **まい** → 食べよう **が** 食べまい **が**  
>  2. 行く → 行 **こう** 、行く **まい** → 行こう **が** 行くまい **が**

## Examples

1.あいつが大学に **入ろうが入るまいが** 、俺とは関係ないよ。  
Whether that guy is going to college or not, it has nothing to do with me.

2.時間が **あろうがあるまいが** 、間に合わせるしかない。  
Whether there is time or not, there's nothing to do but make it on time.

3.最近のウィルスは強力で、プログラムを **実行しようがしまいが** 、ページを見るだけで感染するらしい。  
The viruses lately have been strong and whether you run a program or not, I
hear it will spread just by looking at the page.
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answer