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I think being able to to specify who you are talking about and yourself is
very crucial in a language so, how do they do it?

To clarify I know in French there is 6 ways to specify a person:

Je (I), tu (you (informal)), il/elle (he and she, respectively (can also mean
it)), nous (we), vous (you guys/formal you), and ils/elles (the boys and the
girls, respectively).

And in French the verb To be is specific to the type of person:

Je [suis] (I am), tu [es] (you are (informal)), il/elle [est] (he/she/it is),
nous [sommes] (we are), vous [êtes] (you guys are/you are (formal)), and
ils/elles sont (they are).

So my question is, how would that be done in in Japanese keeping in mind both
genders?

For example: How would you say: I am happy. (In French it would be: Je suis
content(e if you were a girl).

If Japanese is different, then what makes in different. What does it have that
French/English don't and what is similar.
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grammar verbs syntax
What are the ways to conjugate "I" and "to be" (in romaji)
First of all, welcome to this forum! This is a great question (yet, at the
same time, is quite a broad question when this part is included: _"What does
it have that French/English don't and what is similar."_ ) So, here is a brief
attempt to explain at least a few of the differences (specifically having to
do with gender, article, and verb conjugation,) between Japanese and other
languages.

As @Zhen Lin described, Japanese is quite different than Romance languages
(and possibly Near Eastern languages,) in terms of noun genders and subject-
verb conjugations.

In Japanese:

  * nouns do not have genders or articles
  * verbs can be conjugated _(but there is not usually a specific pronoun included in the conjugation **(see note below)** and the conjugation does not change depending on the neighboring pronoun or subject)_ ... and often pronouns or subjects can be left out of sentences completely, as @Hyperworm describes

As for genders and articles with nouns, Japanese is quite different than
Romance languages (and possibly Near Eastern languages,) in the idea that
definite articles with nouns are generally not used. _(In other words, try to
forget the idea of definite articles... when using Japanese.)_

Now, looking at verbs, for the sake of example, the phrase "I am happy" in
Japanese could be written as:

> うれしいです。(ureshii desu.)

です (desu) is a copula (and, in basic terms, is somewhat like a verb,) _(see
also @Snailboat's comment about politeness,)_ but in this case, the adjective
うれしい (ureshii) is actually the focus of conjugation in this example _(as
pointed out by @Darius Jahandarie,)_ which brings up another difference
between Japanese and many other languages: _adjectives can be conjugated_.
Fortunately adjective conjugation in Japanese, like verb conjugation, is
relatively less complicated than the subject-verb conjugations of other
languages.

Going back to the "happy" example from earlier, if instead of using "I am
happy" one wanted to use "he is happy", the conjugations do not necessarily
change:

> かれはうれしいです。(kare wa ureshii desu.)

The general lack of complicated verb conjugations and definite articles are
only some of the beautiful aspects of the Japanese language, but I'm sure you
will continue to find other interesting differences as your studies progress!

* * *

**note:** 行{い}きましょう (ikimashou) actually seems somewhat similar to the Romance
language idea of including a pronoun along with the verb conjugation... but in
general, the verb conjugation itself does not change depending on the
neighboring pronoun or subject, in Japanese.
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These Romance language concepts simply do not apply to Japanese. In addition
to the points made in a comment by Zhen Lin,

> Japanese does not have genders, and its nouns are indeclinable. Its verbs do
> not conjugate for grammatical person either.

Japanese also does not have a grammatical requirement to supply subjects or
pronouns with verbs.

The way to express "I am happy" in Japanese is... well let's take the more
interesting answer first, which is:

> _ureshii_

Just the one word "happy"; no conjugation (this is in dictionary form); no "to
be" (the meaning of "is" is folded into this adjective); not even a pronoun
(the subject is inferred by expectation and context).

Another answer is

> _shiawase da_ or _shiawase desu_

where "shiawase" again means "happy" and "da" is a copula (to be). "desu" is
another form of the copula, but the difference is nothing to do with subject
gender or number, but determines the politeness level of the sentence.

If you want to supply the subject you can:

> _watashi_ (I) wa shiawase da  
>  _anata_ (you) wa shiawase da  
>  _kare_ (he) wa shiawase da  
>  _kanojo_ (she) wa shiawase da

but these pronouns are not like English pronouns -- overusing them is a great
way to sound unnatural and maybe even rude, as you may be culturally expected
to use a more polite form of address for the person you are speaking to (or
about), such as their name or position plus a suitable honorific like _san_.

(Also, while English only has one "I" and one "you", Japanese has about a
billion "I" and just as many "you"s. _watashi, boku, ore, watakushi, atashi,
wa, uchi, sessha, warawa_ , all mean "I" and appear in different contexts and
usages, some limited to fiction.)

You can do away with the pronoun entirely and still infer the subject in the
right context.

> (having been told of someone who just come into a large amount of money, has
> quit work, and is travelling around the world)
>
> _shiawase da na..._ ( **He** (inferred by context) must be happy...)
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