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Please look at the 2nd kanji in the 熟語 that starts with 陰:  
[![why?](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bAD1n.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bAD1n.jpg)

That 熟語 means " _grimly_ " and looks like a 形容動詞. Example usage:

> 「もう一度、JLPT不合格です」家庭教師は陰＿にいった。

Using _New Nelson_ I looked under `陰` and did not find that 熟語.

  1. What is that kanji (音、訓、画数、部首)?
  2. I'm using a Mac. How can I input that character into a document? I'd be happy to cut/paste from a web page.
  3. Why would a translator use such a crazy 熟語 to express the feeling of " _grimly_ "? For me, a non-native, I look at that 熟語 and actually feel "grim" because it reminds me that kanji are a never ending nightmare for me. But, what about native speakers?
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translation kanji
what is this kanji? why is it used?
It's 鬱, which is read as うつ. See [this entry from
Wiktionary](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AC%B1) for details.

IMEs can easily convert うつ into 鬱, but don't worry, I don't remember how to
write this kanji by hand. Although it's a 常用漢字 since 2010, it's too
complicated :-) I believe many native speakers are like me.

Actually, this character is famous as an example of insanely complicated
kanji. 厚切りジェイソン, a foreign comedian, [often uses this kanji in his
bits](https://youtu.be/frFUdx_PMgA?t=3m54s).

Your third question is a bit hard to answer because there is not enough
context, but I personally think 陰鬱 is not uncommon at least in novels.
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This kanji is 「うつ」, and it should appear in the kanji conversion list on Mac
when you enter these kana. One of the most common words it appears in is
[鬱病]{うつ・びょう}, which is the word for "depression". Another is [憂鬱]{ゆう・うつ} which
also means "depression", "gloom", or "melancholy". The former is (I believe)
the medical term for depression, while the latter is more subjective. Other
than that, I'm not too sure on any other nuances between them.

The word in question is [陰鬱]{いん・うつ}, and the sentence would be something like:

> "Once again I've failed the JLPT", the (home) tutor stated grimly.

You can get the sense of sadness and disappointment of the person by the use
of this word; especially since they mentioned that they failed **again**.
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# 鬱

is a rarely used kanji due to its complexity (I think this is the most
complicated kanji in the jouyou list?), and it stands for depression,
melancholia. Some words using it include:

  * 鬱病 (うつびょう) clinical depression
  * 陰鬱 (いんうつ) gloom, melancholy
  * 憂鬱 (ゆううつ) dejection, gloom, depression

Most of the time when you see this kanji it will be read with the on-yomi ウツ
but jisho also gives the kun-yomi readings of うっする、ふさぐ、しげる which do not seem
to be normally used.
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