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I need to know when 「女性観」 was coined and, more importantly, when it became
widely known/used. Was 「女性観」used in the early to mid-19th century? Did it
replace 「婦人観」later on?

Nitobe Inazo used 「婦人観」 in his early to mid-20th c. writing and I have not, so
far, seen him use 「女性観」.

I searched for "女性観" 造語 in Google but I could not easily find an answer about
the origin of 「女性観」.

Any help would be greatly appreciated!
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etymology history nouns
When did the word 「女性観」 come into standard usage? Is it a more politically-correct form of 「婦人観」?
It's surprisingly easy to trace the origin of 女性観 since 日本国語大辞典 (日国) cites its
first appearance.

> ＊吾輩は猫である〔１９０５〜０６〕〈夏目漱石〉一一「古来の賢哲が女性観を紹介すべし」

But I don't much think it's appropriate to say it was "coined", because it's
but an ordinary idea to put them together if you know both the words 女性 and 観.
By the way, 女性 itself seems to have gained the meaning "woman" quite recently.
Again from 日国:

> ＊英和双解字典〔１８８５〕〈棚橋一郎〉「Womankinds. female sex; race of women 女人（じょじん）。女性（ジョセイ）」

The dictionary also suggests that this usage of 女性 has spread from the
translation of grammatical "feminine" gender. So it can be said that 女性 was a
brand new neologism at that time, while 婦人 for "adult woman" has more than
1,000 years of history having this meaning.

> (1)成人した女性。おんな。
>
> ＊律〔７１８〕名例・婦人有官位条「凡婦人有㆓官位㆒犯㆑罪者 各依㆓其位㆒従㆓議請減贖当免之律㆒」

Then,

> ~~_Nitobe Inazo used 「婦人観」 in his early to mid-19th c. writing and I have
> not, so far, seen him use 「女性観」._~~

~~this part of your post doesn't seem right to me, because I believe Nitobe
Inazo,[who was born in
1862](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B8%A1%E6%88%B8%E7%A8%B2%E9%80%A0),
was not able to author a writing in "early to mid-19th c." Anyway,~~ from the
reasons above I can safely assume that 婦人 was a steady word to refer to
"women" through the lifetime of Nitobe. Besides, I found [Japanese
WP](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E4%BA%BA) states that 婦人 was once
revived during women's lib movement in interwar period, which can be taken
into account.

Quite aside from question, but of course 婦人 is mostly outdated today except a
handful of surviving proper names or fixed terms like 婦人服, 婦人科 etc.
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I'm afraid I don't have any authoritative reference, but have you checked the
[Wikipedia article 婦人](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E4%BA%BA)?

>
> 大正デモクラシーの時期、婦人という語は、普通選挙権要求運動とも連動し、斬新な響きを持った。「婦人公論」に代表されるように、「意識の高い成人女性」との響きさえあった。
>
> 婦人という語感が、「年輩女性」「既婚女性」との意味合いを持つようになり、次第に使われなくなった。
>
> 現代の日本語においてより一般化した呼称が「女性」である。「婦人」の語はやや古めかしいイメージを持つ古語になりつつある。

So 婦人 was a stylish word back in the early 20th century, but now it's a dated
word. The article also says some feminists accused 婦人 of being "politically
incorrect" in 1990's, saying the right part of 婦 is from 箒 (broom).

My personal impression of 婦人 is the same; today it's closer to _madam_ than
_woman_ , and many compounds which use 婦人 smell like Taisho period to me.
Perhaps 婦人服 is relatively still common now, but I feel even this word is
disappearing except in traditional department stores like 三越.

* * *

**EDIT:**

I found this thorough article regarding the usage of 女性 and 婦人:

「婦人」と「女性」－ことばの歴史社会学－ by Takako Hiroi
<http://hiroitz.sakura.ne.jp/resources/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87/woman.pdf>

According to this, 婦人 was the accepted translation of English _woman_ which
firstly came into use at around 1870. Owing to its "modern western" feelings,
it caught on from around 1885 until 1920's. Countless words using 婦人 appeared
in those days. However:

>
> 婦人が言論や運動の用語であり、女性の社会的な地位や役割を表す言葉であったがために、それ以外の私的で日常的な意味合い、とりわけ女という語が持っているセクシュアリティを欠落させることになった。

As the status of women improved in Japan, 婦人 became gradually worn-out,
because it too much gained the "women-in-the-society" connotation during the
大正デモクラシー political movement. People needed more neutral word for 'women'.

As for the etymology of 女性, it first appeared in Meiji era, and at first it
was a rare word which was used to translate _feminine gender_ found in western
languages. But as 婦人 became unpopular, 女性 replaced it because 女性 looked more
neutral and objective. The first book with the title containing 女性 was
published in 1901, and after the 1930's it became dominant. Thereafter 婦人
survived in limited situations, but it inevitably gained "married", "elder",
or "ma'am" connotation as we know today.
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