In a book I was reading, a tomboyish character complained about the
expectations her parents had of her as their only daughter. She said:

> 「蝶よ花よと育てたかったらしいんだけど」

EDICT defines 蝶よ花よ as "bringing up (one's daughter) like a princess." Is this
accurate? What is the etymology of this phrase?
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etymology definitions
What is the meaning and etymology of 蝶よ花よ?
According to
[JapanKnowledge](http://dic.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?ei=UTF-8&p=%E8%9D%B6%E3%82%88%E8%8A%B1%E3%82%88&fr=dic&stype=prefix)
and [Idiom Dictionary](http://www.geocities.jp/kuro_kurogo/ko-
jien04/page10.html),

蝶よ花よ usage can be found at 1745 on **Natsumatsuri Naniwakagami** 「夏祭浪花鑑」, a
[Bunraku](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunraku) play:

> 乳母はコレ此様に、皺も白髪もいとはず、こなたの背長の延るのを、蝶よ花よと楽しみて
>
> A(wet) nurse enjoys to see one's growth like 蝶よ花よ, without noticing oneself
> wrinkle or white hair.

According to above sentence, your definition about "like a princess" should be
correct, and state that could lead to spoil/pamper children.

[Few](http://www.union-net.or.jp/cu-cap/tiyahoya.htm)
[pages](http://kotoba.livedoor.biz/archives/50716572.html) says that, possible
origin could be from 花や蝶や → 蝶や花や → **蝶よ花よ** → ちやほや  
(Or above may be just rumor because there is no official proof for that as
Tsuyoshi and Boaz pointed out.)

As as side note, decent word **ちやほや** have similar meaning and normally use on
conversation.
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answer
(This is a longer version of my comment on YOU’s answer.)

Let me state an objection to what seems to be a popular theory about the
origin of 蝶よ花よ, which YOU also stated as (not main) part of the answer.

As YOU said, a few (actually more than a few) pages claim that the phrase 蝶よ花よ
appeared in the form 花や蝶や in [Makura no
Sōshi](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pillow_Book) (completed in 1002).
However, this claim seems groundless to me.

Some of these pages even quote the poem in Makura no Sōshi which contains the
phrase 花や蝶や:

> みな人の花や蝶やといそぐ日もわがこころをば君ぞ知りける (みなひとの はなやちょうやと いそぐひも わがこころをば きみぞしりける) While
> everyone cares only about beautiful things such as flowers and butterflies,
> you and only you care about my heart.

In this quote, 花や蝶や describes two examples of beautiful things. But I cannot
see any connection between this meaning and the phrase 蝶よ花よ which describes
how a child is raised with a lot of (or even too much) affection.

So 花や蝶や in the quote above has a different order, a different particle and a
different meaning from 蝶よ花よ. I find it much more reasonable to consider 花や蝶や
above as unrelated from the set phrase 蝶よ花よ rather than the same phrase in a
different form and usage, unless there is some evidence suggesting otherwise.

As I said, there are many pages stating this as the origin of 蝶よ花よ. But my gut
feeling is that it seems that they copied this claim from somewhere (possibly
without thinking). As is often the case in this kind of discussions in
linguistics, the large number of pages claiming something is hardly a measure
of reliability of the claim.

Neither
[Daijisen](http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E8%9D%B6%E3%82%88%E8%8A%B1%E3%82%88&dtype=0&dname=0na&stype=0)
nor
[Daijirin](http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E8%9D%B6%E3%82%88%E8%8A%B1%E3%82%88&dtype=0&dname=0ss&stype=0)
states the origin of the phrase 蝶よ花よ. I do not have access to a larger
dictionary.
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**Second EDIT**

I've finally traced this to a wedding song originated in the city of
Shizukuishi(雫石町) in the Iwate prefecture(岩手県):

```

    ハァ今日はナァーハーエ
    日も良いしナァー
    ハァ天気も良いしナァヨー
    結びナァーハエー
    合せてナァー
    ハァヤレヤレ
    縁となるナァーヨー
    
    目出度～の　若松様だ
    枝も栄える　葉も茂る
    
    蝶よ花よと　育てた娘
    今日は他人の　手に渡す
    
```

Source:
<http://www.bunka.pref.iwate.jp/seikatsu/minyou/shousai/minyou_001.html>

The main part of this song in relation to this phrase being:

> 蝶よ花よと 育てた娘 今日は他人の 手に渡す

Where the bride that has been raised with love and care is given to another
person.

**EDIT**

I'm still doing some research, but I did find something interesting regarding
an alternate explanation. While searching, I found mention of this word
related to 「月よ星よ」. Looking up the definition of this:

> この上なく愛したりたたえたりすることのたとえ

Loose Translation: "To love and praise exceedingly"

Which has a similar meaning to 「蝶よ花よ」.

* * *

While doing some research on this, I found a rather interesting alternative
explanation

regarding this when referring to a Chinese origin:

> ほう RT @petite_chate: 中国語の「蝶花」を「チャオファオ」と読むのが関係してるかもです。 QT: @marianna_ave:
> 自己レス。「蝶よ花よ」が詰まって、ちやほや か。 RT @marianna_ave: @hakubi 「チヤホヤ」の語源ってなんだろ。

Source: <http://twitter.com/#!/hakubi/status/20881151047>

In this case referencing it to the Chinese pronunciation of 「蝶花」 as
「チャオフャオ」(cyao fyao). Interestingly the phrase appears to be attributed to
ちやほや, Which means to pamper or spoil.
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