So this sentence appeared in my grammar book:

> パーティーの__地震が起こり、会場は大騒ぎになった。

It says the correct thing to write in the blank space is 最中に. Which would
roughly translate the sentence to "Just as the party was going on, an
earthquake occurred, and the venue changed into an uproar".

While I understand why 最中に is a correct answer, I don´t quite understand why
うちに can't also be used. I thought that besides using うちに like の前に, it could be
also be used as 間に。
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grammar word-choice time
最中に and うちに differences
うち is a noun which usually means '(inside) your own house', '(inside) your
mind' and your family. It is not used to indicate 'in the middle of something
such as パーティー.

'うちに' is used to indicate a period of time within which an action continuously
occurs. It is close to 'while', but the most important thing to remember is it
is not used when a single event occurs.

I think you are thinking about 途中 which means 'in the middle of' as in

> パーティーの **途中** 地震が起こり、会場は大騒ぎになった。

It translates to

> (Literally) In the middle of the party... While the party was going on...

'最中に' is different from 途中 as '最' literally means 'most' which is used to
change the following character or word to _superlative_ and '中' means
'middle'. It literally translates to 'in the height of' or 'in the most middle
of'. Your example sentence translates to

> (Literally) In the height of the party... When the party was reaching the
> best moment... When the party was reaching the climax

It is important to understand what the character '最' means and what difference
this character makes.
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> 「パーティーの______[地震]{じしん}が[起]{お}こり、[会場]{かいじょう}は[大騒]{おおさわ}ぎになった。」
>
> "An earthquake hit right in the middle of the party and the place just
> panicked."

While 「[最中]{さいちゅう}に」 may not be the only phrase that can correctly fill in the
blank, it is a far better choice than 「うちに」. In fact, using 「うちに」 there would
be highly inapproproate. Why?

When we say 「noun + の + うちに」, the duration of what that noun represents must
be fairly long. It needs to last at least several days and it can last a few
years as well. You might say:

> 「[夏休]{なつやす}みの **うちに** 『ハムレット』を[読]{よ}むつもりです。」

It is fine to say that because the summer recess lasts 6 weeks.

Or you can place a whole mini-sentence in front of 「うちに」 to say something
like:

> 「[日本]{にほん}に[住]{す}んでいる **うちに** 、ぜひ[韓国]{かんこく}にも[行]{い}ってみたい。」

The speaker will be living in Japan for a year, so he can say this using
「うちに」.

To go back to the original sentence, we need to think about **how long this
party lasts**. A few hours at the most, right? And how long does an earthquake
last? A couple of minutes at the most, normally, yes? If so, that is your
prime opportunity to use 「 **最中に** 」-- _**something quick happening right in
the middle of a not-so-long-lasting event**_.

Regarding 「[間]{あいだ}に」 that you mentioned, it may not be totally incorrect to
use it here, but it does not sound nearly as natural as when using 「最中に」. I
will admit that some native speakers might actually use 「間に」 here, but to me
at least, it would lack the "capture the moment" kind of impact that 「最中に」
gives you.
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There are two reasons.

  * Unlike ～の間に, it seems that ～のうちに cannot be directly used with nouns that denote an event. (As long as it's used with the noun that denotes a time span, it can be very short)

>     * 今年のうちに／今日のうちに／7月のうちに／夏のうちに
>     * 朝のうちに／午前のうちに／日中のうちに
>     * 夏休みのうちに／オリンピックの開催期間のうちに
>     * 小学生のうちに／子供のうちに
>     * 一瞬のうちに
>     * [*]番組のうちに／[*]コンサートのうちに／[*]オリンピックのうちに

Your sentence should at least be パーティーが終わらないうちに or パーティーをやっているうちに.

  * Unlike ～の間に, うちに has the nuance of "no later than ～ ends" rather than "in the midst of". In other words, when one says うちに, there is usually a "deadline" in his mind. But such nuance is not necessary in this case.

>     * 子供のうちに勉強をしておきましょう。
>     * 鉄は熱いうちに打て。 Strike while the iron is hot.
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