The translation I was given for this sentence was: "The house trembled in the
earthquake," but I'm at a loss for how 「ぐらぐら」and 「揺れる」are connected by 「と」.

My best guess would be that 「と」functions similarly to "with" to connect the
adverb to the verb? In other words, "The house shook uneasily," or something
to that effect?

Thank you for your insight!
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question
grammar particle-と onomatopoeia
How is 「と」used in the sentence: 「地震で家がぐらぐらと揺れた。」
> How is 「と」used in the sentence: 「地震で家がぐらぐらと揺れた。」

ぐらぐら alone works as an adverb, but we sometimes add と to it for style: そよそよ（と）
**そよぐ** 風、すやすや（と） **眠る** 子ねこ、ばたばた（と） **走りまわる** 。  
It doesn't really change anything, but seems to add slight explanatory sense
that it feels like more care has been taken.

> My best guess would be that 「と」functions similarly to "with" to connect the
> adverb to the verb? In other words, "The house shook uneasily," or something
> to that effect?

This usage of **と** is to **_describe_** something, _what_ or _how_ something
is; 「～なんです」と言った。  
It indicates the **_content of a quotation or thought or idea_** or the like,
and  
makes an _adverb phrase or clause_ ; it's always followed by a verb: と **いう**
／と **言う** 、と **思って** 、頑{がん}と **して** 言うことを聞かない
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answer