> もう少し大きな声で話してください (Please speak slightly louder.)

What もう means/stands for in this sentence?
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meaning
What もう means in this sentence?
This もう is an adverb that means something along the lines of "more" or
"additionally". In your case, you can think this もう corresponds to '-er':

  * 少し大きな声で  
in a bit loud voice

  * **もう** 少し大きな声で  
in a bit loud **er** voice

The latter can be used even when the listener is already trying to speak in a
loud voice. You can remember もう少し and もうちょっと as set expressions that mean "a
little **more** ～".

Another example:

  * 5分待つ  
to wait for five minutes

  * **もう** 5分待つ  
to wait for **another** five minutes
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