62376
Are sentences A, B, and C all correct? If not, which are incorrect and why? If
they are all correct, does it mean that に and と can always be used
interchangeably with adverbs? And that に and と aren't actually needed?

> **A:** 彼女はかんかん **に** 怒った。  
>  **B:** 彼女はかんかん **と** 怒った。  
>  **C:** 彼女はかんかん怒った。
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-23T10:28:30.260
62359
2018-10-27T00:30:31.390
2018-10-24T03:04:21.443
9831
25875
question
particle-に particle-と adverbs
Are に and と interchangeable when used with adverbs?
Only A is correct. かんかん is adjective verb in this sentence. に is used for
adjective verb, and と is used for adverb. In case of adverb, と is omissible,
but に for adjective verb is always needed.

<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/47693/meaning/m0u/>
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-23T12:40:50.137
62360
2018-10-23T12:40:50.137
62359
answer
When かんかん means "furious(ly)", 明鏡国語辞典 defines it as "an adverb that takes に",
デジタル大辞泉 defines it as a na-adjective, and 大辞林 defines it as an adverb. Indeed
it's confusing, but at least to me, かんかん in this sense is a **no-adjective** ,
which means I feel only Sentence A is correct. You can use it as a predicate.

>   * 彼女はかんかんに怒っている。
>   * 今、彼女はかんかんだ。
>   * かんかんの彼女とは話をしたくない。
>

However, when かんかん describes strong sunshine, it _also_ works as "an adverb
that optionally takes と", just like ゆっくり(と), ガタガタ(と), etc.:

>   * 太陽がかんかん照り付けている。
>   * 太陽がかんかんと照り付けている。
>   * 太陽がかんかんに照り付けている。
>   * かんかんの太陽
>

In uncommon situations where かんかん works as a simple onomatopoeia, it's an
"adverb that optionally takes と".

>   * 空き缶をカンカンと叩く。
>   * 空き缶をカンカン叩く。
>
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-23T19:23:22.390
62376
2018-10-23T19:23:22.390
5010
62359
answer
As for those three sentences, only A 'かんかんに怒る” is correct.  
Grammatically, “に“ and “と“ is not interchangeable, and they have slightly
different nuance.

In the sentence “かんかんに怒る“, “に“ is not a particle, but a part of the adjective
verb “かんかんだ”. Any adjective verb has an unchangeable part and changeable
part(だ).  
When an adjective is followed by a verb, “だ“ changes into “に”.

For example,  
1. 彼女は **きれいに** 踊(おど)った。 きれい(=unchangeable)だ(=changeable). The adjective verb “きれいだ“ is followed by the verb “おどる(=dance)”. So, ”きれいだ“ changes into ”きれいに“.

  2. 私は日本語を **上手(じょうず)に** 話す。 The adjective verb “じょうずだ” changes into “じょうずに” when followed by the verb “はなす“.

“に” can be a particle as well as a part of an adjective verb, whereas “と“
works only as a particle. That’s why you can’t say “かんかん **と** なる”.

[![enter image description
here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sMCGN.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sMCGN.jpg)
An unchangeable part is called 語幹(gokan), and a changeable part is called
活用語尾(katsuyou-gobi). Every 用言(verb/adverb/adjective) has 語幹 and 活用語尾. This
picture shows how an adjective verb changes depending on the following word.
さわやかだ changes to さわやかに when it forms 連用形(followed by a verb). In this case, as
the chart shows, there’s no option for さわやかと as an adjective verb. Also, に in
さわやかに is not a postpositional particle but a part of the adjective verb. In
the same way, かんかんに in the sentence A is 連用形 of the adjective verb “かんかんだ“,
which is one word, and there’s no possibility that it turns to “かんかんと“ in this
case.

However, かんかんと is an adverb, and it’s not かんかん(noun) + と(particle). かんかんと as
an adverb is not used when referring to someone getting mad. It’s only used
when referring to strong sun sunshine or making sounds as another answerer
already explained.

Both かんかんに( an adjective verb / 形動) and かんかんと( an adverb/ 副 ) don’t include に
or と as a postpositional particle. In this case, they are a part of completely
different words (に is 活用語尾 of an adjective verb whereas と is just a part of an
adverb). That’s why they are not interchangeable in this case.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-26T21:28:18.443
62445
2018-10-27T00:30:31.390
2018-10-27T00:30:31.390
31724
31724
62359
answer