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I am having trouble with the bold part of this sentence from wikipedia:

> バブル経済（バブルけいざい、economic
> bubble）とは、概ね不動産や株式をはじめとした時価資産の資産価格が投機によって実体経済の経済成長以上のペースで高騰し続け、
> **投機によって支えなければならない市場が、投機によって支えきれなくなるまでの経済状態** を指す。

The best I can get for the bolded text is:

> The state of the market that needs to be propped up by speculation until it
> can no longer be supported by speculation.

This use of ～なければならない combined with ～によって is hard for me to translate. Since
によって is repeated twice, I am curious if this is some special grammatical
construct. In particular it seems that ～なければならない here might mean not 'needs to
be propped up', but something else, since logically the markets do not require
themselves to be propped up. I'm probably just missing something basic. Please
give me a translation and explanation.
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2012-09-11T04:55:49.697
6767
2012-09-11T07:25:40.370
2012-09-11T06:02:27.510
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question
grammar translation
～なければならない  and ～によって auxiliary meanings
The way I interpret that sentence is:

> バブル経済（バブルけいざい、economic
> bubble）とは、概ね不動産や株式をはじめとした時価資産の資産価格が投機によって実体経済の経済成長以上のペースで高騰し続け、
> **投機によって支えなければならない市場が、投機によって支えきれなくなるまで** の経済状態を指す。
>
> An economic bubble denotes economic conditions where, due to speculation, a
> steep increase in the present value of assets including to a great extent
> real estate and stocks continues at a pace exceeding the growth of the
> actual economy, and _the market which must be sustained by speculation ends
> up becoming unsustainable by speculation_.

Basically what I think it's trying to say is the speculation leads to a
vicious cycle that can't be sustained.

**Edit:** Tried to fix the translation.
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2012-09-11T05:36:01.493
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2020-06-17T08:18:27.500
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answer