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It is my understanding (could be wrong of course) that the addition of ところ to
a verb draws the time aspect of the verb **nearer to the speaker/subject**. So
the following progression can be established.

> **そこへ歩いた**  
>  I walked there (Unclear about the time except that the action is over and
> done with.)
>
> **そこへ歩いたところだ**  
>  I just walked there (States that the action ended very recently from the
> perspective of the speaker/subject.)
>
> **そこへ歩いている**  
>  I am walking there (States that the action is currently occurring)
>
> **そこへ歩くところだ**  
>  I am about to walk there (States that the action hasn't happened but will
> in the near future.)
>
> **そこへ歩く**  
>  I will walk there (States that the action hasn't happened and will in the
> future.)

I have read that 歩いているところだ can also be translated as "I am walking".

**Could someone please explain how 歩いている (when it implies continuing action as
opposed to habitual action) differs in meaning from 歩いているところだ and how it could
be placed in the above progression if possible?** In addition, I feel like it
may be a separate issue so please ignore if too complicated, when would
歩いていたところだ be used?

If I had to guess, I'd say that 歩いているところだ falls between 歩き始める and 歩いている.

As a slight side note, for momentary verbs, does 帰っているところ mean "I am just
about to enter the house" or "I am just about to leave where I am and start
going home"?
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grammar usage て-form
～ているところ used with continuing verbs
That is a lot of questions and I might forget some but here goes. First, let
me just warn you to be careful with ところ especially the the way it is used in
your examples. It also has the meaning of place. And in your examples it
really feels like you are talking about the place you were walking to.

歩いているところだ basically mean "Now is the time I am currently walking". Which
sounds silly and basically means "I am walking".

歩いていたところだ means while I was walking. Which could be used as an answer to "when
did it happen?". Although 歩いていたところでした would sound better.

帰っているところ means I am currently on my way back. 帰るところだ means It's time to go
back now./I'm about to go back. 帰ったところだ means I just came back now.
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The word ところ has several meanings:  
<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/54376/meaning/m1u/%E6%89%80/>

ところ is not just "place". It may also indicate the time or occasion or moment
of the action.

Most people will interpret like this:  
歩いているところだ。  
When I was walking.
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歩いている can be taken as either "I'm walking" or "I have walked" and when you use
it in the former meaning, it's the same as 歩いているところ（だ）.
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[Can ところで be ambiguous (time vs.
location)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39699/16344)  
My answer: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39711/16344>

> Could someone please explain how 歩いている (when it implies continuing action as
> opposed to habitual action) differs in meaning from 歩いているところだ

I think 歩いているところだ just contains emphasis of [This is what i'm doing NOW] (or
This was what i was doing THEN).

  * I'm walking, and i'm talking to someone on my cell phone. The person asks what i'm doing now, and I answer:   
  
駅に向かって歩いてる or 駅に向かって歩いてるところ ---- either sounds fine. ( The latter would sound
a bit theatrical with the DA at the end, as ...ところだ )
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