I have been trying to grasp the concepts of transitive vs intransitive as I
learn Japanese and had some questions on the following

窓を開けている... OK 窓を開けてある..... OK 窓が開いている.... OK now I have an issue with the
following sentence

窓が開けてある.... X?

does 窓が開けてある, make sense? I thought it would be wrong since we cannot use が
with 自動詞. In my book under the transitive verb portion is says that

> object set by the particle を

Thus should the grammatical sentence be 窓を開けてある？
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-08T01:28:33.570
82976
2020-12-08T15:37:30.870
2020-12-08T01:34:26.743
31342
31342
question
grammar transitivity
Understanding 他動詞vs自動詞 more clearly
You are correct that at the basic level only transitive verbs (and some
intransitive exceptions) should be used with the particle を to mark their
objects. However, this changes the moment things verbs are conjugated into
other forms. てある is a _stative verb_. Once ～てある is added to the end of a verb,
it loses transitivity.

So although you would use を in this sentence:

> 誰が窓を開けた。  
>  Someone opened the window.

You would not use を in the following sentences:

> 誰かに窓が開けてある。 The window was opened by someone (for a certain purpose).

> 窓が誰かに開けられた。 The window was opened by someone。

So, in cases like ～てある and the passive form (開けられる), transitive verbs no
longer use the particle を. Once verbs are conjugated into other forms, the way
they are used often changes. As a result, 「窓を開けてある」would not be correct in
most contexts.

There are exceptions where ～てある is used with the particle を to emphasize the
volition of the agent, but it is not regarded as grammatically correct by
most. Oftentimes, を is also replaced by は in those circumstances.
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-08T04:53:41.630
82981
2020-12-08T05:06:55.663
2020-12-08T05:06:55.663
21657
21657
82976
answer
が ～ + a transitive verb + てある and が ～ an intransitive + ている mean "the state of
the result". So 窓が開けてある and 窓が開いている are natural.

窓を開けている is the progressive form of 窓を開ける or someone keeps the window open
intentionally.

I think 窓を開けてある is a bit unnatural and isn't often used.

Source:<https://www.tomojuku.com/blog/teoku/tearu1/>
<http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/046.html>
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-08T15:04:34.297
82993
2020-12-08T15:37:30.870
2020-12-08T15:37:30.870
7320
7320
82976
answer