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In this exercise im supposed to choose proper form. I've choosen a b a, and
the answers say the same thing - but I do not really understand it. I just
feel it. I am not sure if my Institution is good, or I simply was lucky. Is
there an explanation?

From what I think, it would become に反する；に反した just before words like
thing/effect/result.
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2017-11-15T17:16:28.387
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2017-11-16T13:30:59.540
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question
grammar
に反して vs に反する; when to use
I may be oversimplifying but I think the easiest way to understand the
difference is to remember the difference between the て形 and the 連体形
(dictionary form).

**て形:**  
The て形 is used to join independent clauses and can also be used to adverbially
modify verbs.

**連体形:**  
The 連体形 is used ~~to terminate sentences or~~ to adjectivally modify nouns.  
_EDIT: I was not correct in the claim that the 連体形 can terminate sentences.
The verb form that can terminate sentences is called the 終止形. In modern
Japanese the 終止形 and 連体形 are the same for 形容詞 (i-adj) and 動詞 (verb) but
different for 形容動詞 (na-adj). きれいな = 連体形, きれいだ = 終止形. Thank you commenters._

Thus, you use **に反する when the modified noun is contrary to something and に反して
when the whole clause is contrary to something.** (it might be more correct to
think of it as modifying the verb only rather than the sentence, I'm not
certain how Japanese grammar is thought of from a native perspective).

> チームは予想 **に反して** 、決勝戦まで進んだ。
>
> Contrary to expectations, the team made it to the finals.

I put the comma in to show that the 反して clause it is somewhat separate from
the rest of the sentence. I don't know if the Japanese would actually include
it or not. In this sentence, proceeding to the finals (the entire clause) is
contrary to your expectations. Thus に反して is appropriate. If you used に反する, you
would be saying that simply the finals (for some reason) are contrary to your
expectation (which doesn't really make sense to me at least).

> 今回の統一地方選挙は開票前の予測 **に反する** 結果に終わった。
>
> The recent nation-wide election ended in a result contrary to the
> predictions from before the ballots were counted.

In this sentence, the "results" are contrary to the predictions. The 反する
clause is describing what kind of results there were, not how the election
ended.

> 労働者の意思 **に反して** 雇用者が労働を強制することはできない。
>
> Contrary to the wishes of employers, you cannot force employees to work.

Again, the entire clause is contrary, not just "employee".
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2017-11-15T17:48:36.577
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answer