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I know there are other questions on this site about が and けど at the end of a
sentence, but I couldn't find one about interrogative sentences. Context: in a
manga, person A said something that his friend (person B) interpreted as a
joke. The dialogue continues as follows:

> Person A: だって８割はホントだもん。
>
> Person B: へぇー ８割本音を言わない男が？

I don't understand the meaning of the second sentence. In particular, I don't
understand why there's a negative verb and the value of が. Was something left
out? I feel like there could be a じゃなかった after が. Person A in the manga is a
reserved type, so I thought it could be translated as:

> "Weren't you the type that doesn't say 80% of his true feelings?"

Is my guess right?
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grammar particles particle-が interrogatives
Value of が at the end of interrogative sentences
The end of the question was dropped and assumed obvious.  
This is often the case in Japanese and many phrase parts get dropped all the
time.

I don't have enough context to tell you more about your case, but here is an
example in English.

> A : 80% of men are perverts!  
>  B : WHAT!? 80% of men are? <-the last word, " **pervert** ", was dropped.
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> Person A: だって８割はホントだもん。
>
> Person B: へぇー ８割本音を言わない男が？

So little context to be sure, but my best guess is Person A is arguing what
the 男 have said or done is 80% based on reality and Person B jokes by saying
the man usually says only 20% of his real thought.

As for the が, what is supposed to follow it is "８割はホント(の事言ったの？)" or something
like that.
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That が is a subject marker, and the corresponding predicate is omitted.

> A: だって8割はホントだもん。
>
> B: へぇー 8割本音を言わない男が（8割もホントのことを言うの／そんなに本音で喋ったの）?  
>  The person who doesn't say his true feelings 80% of the time (says that
> much truth this time)?

But it would be too wordy if you tried to translate this literally, so your
translation attempt seems fine to me.
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> Person A: だって８割はホントだもん。  
>  Person B: へぇー ８割本音を言わない男が？

The following your guess is not right/correct.

> "Weren't you the type that doesn't say 80% of his true feelings?"

As you guessed **something was left out** in the sentence by Person B. The
full sentence might be like:

> Person B: へぇー ８割本音を言わない男が 「 **８割はホントだ」と言うのは疑{うたが}わしいくないか** ？  
>  _Huh, isn't it doubtful that the man who does not say the 80% true
> intention says "80% is true"?_ _Huh, isn't it doubtful that you say "80% is
> true" who usually hide the 80% of your true intention"?_

In this context, I think, Person B used **男{おとこ}** in stead of **you**.
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