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I'm supposed to write "I'm going to sleep tomorrow" using romaji.

Would the romaji be

> watashi wa ashita neru e iku n desu

because

  * "I'm" is the subject which is "watashi wa"
  * the time is "ashita" which is "tomorrow" and comes after the "watashi wa"
  * "sleep" is "neru" 
  * I'm using the particle "e" for direction, and 
  * "iku" is "to go". 

For conversational Japanese, I need to add "n desu" for the sentence.

Would that be correct or am I missing something?
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grammar particles english-to-japanese
How to write "I'm going to sleep tomorrow"?
There are several issues with the translation you're suggesting there.

Let's start with the English sentence:

> I am going to sleep tomorrow.

The way you've parsed it to translate "going to" is taken to mean the motion
verb "to go". But is sleep a place that you are going to?

Unless, this is some really poetic English, I think less colloquially what you
are saying is either:

> I will sleep tomorrow [interpreting go as the future tense]

in which case the translation I would go with with is ...

[わたし]{watashi}[は]{wa}[明日]{ashita}[寝]{ne}[る]{ru}.

OR

> I plan to sleep tomorrow [interpreting go as a volitional construction]

in which case I would say

[わたし]{watashi}[は]{wa}[明日]{ashita}[寝]{ne}[る]{ru}[つもり]{tsumori}[です]{desu}.

* * *

Regarding the statement

> For conversational Japanese, I need to add n desu for the sentence.

I am not sure where you are getting that rule, but at least for me (as a non-
native speaker of Japanese), there are only a limited number of types of
conversations where I would end sentences with [んです]{ndesu}.

* * *

One further place where I could be misunderstanding you which would affect the
translation. Do you mean "I am going to sleep **all-day** tomorrow" or simply
that your plans for tomorrow include sleep?
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明日は眠ります。「Ashita wa nemurimasu」is the answer to this. Or, "Tommorow (I) will
sleep. This here is the way that someone who is Japanese would say it. You
could also say, 僕は明日は眠ります。「Boku wa ashita wa nemurimasu」, though I would
advise you to use the first one, as Japanese people find that using "I"
「私と僕」too much sounds "unnatural". I hope this helps you positively!
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The simplest way to translate your English sentence is 「あした ねる」。

We typically won't say 「わたしは」 or 「あなたは」 unless the subject is unclear from
context. In conversation, there's a general understanding that if you are
telling me about something that someone will do, that someone is you unless
otherwise stated. We omit subjects like this in conversational English
occasionally, but it's almost a rule in Japanese.

Because there is no future tense in Japanese, you have to use what is called
the non-past tense, which is often referred to as the present tense. You
express that you _will_ do something in the future by simply giving a time
reference: ねる - I sleep あした ねる - Tomorrow, I will sleep.

If this is a plan you're making, you could say 「あした ねる つもり だ」 ("The plan is to
sleep tomorrow" / "I plan to sleep tomorrow"), but if it's in response to a
question asking why you aren't asleep yet, you might say 「あした ねる の だ」 ("It's
that I will sleep tomorrow") or 「あした ねる んだ から」 ("It's because I will sleep
tomorrow").
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