Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando / English
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Try listening to the bare dialogue first
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H. Are you content with our flat? Do we have enough rooms?
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P. Our kitchen is small, but the dining room and cellar are quite big. We also have two bedrooms.
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H. Yes, but do you not want to have an allotment [parcelo]? Would you like to grow tomatoes and vegetables? Would you like to hear the insects humming [= to hum] there?
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P. You have many questions! Do we have money for an allotment? Would we have time to grow anything? If we were to have children, how would we find time to work in an allotment?
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H. So you do not want a larger kitchen, you do not want to grow vegetables, you prefer to have children. You forget [that] children also cost money and time.
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P. I suppose [that] you are right. Our flat has two bedrooms and various bits of furniture, cupboards and shelves. I am quite content. I am sorry, but I think [that] we must not complain.
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Sample answers are offered below
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The previous lesson commented on the group of 40 or so roots known as affixes. A second group of roots may for lack of a precise term be called ‘wordlets’, literally little words. This term refers to the 150 or so roots which are complete in themselves, i.e. they require no ‘ending’. They include cardinal numbers, prepositions, pronouns, correlatives, con- and sub-junctions, adverbs of time and some others. Unsurprisingly the group contains no adjectives, nouns or verbs as these all require ‘endings’ to confirm their role. Of course many wordlets can also take ‘endings’ and act as adjectives, nouns, etc. This happens to a greater extent than with equivalent words in English.
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This practice may seem strange, even inhibiting. Such a reaction is normal. Let it wash over you at present. Instead concentrate on enjoying the lessons and dialogues for themselves. The rest will follow as you grow more familiar with manipulating the material.
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Please attempt the exercises before consulting the material below
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Vespermanĝo – manĝo de la vespero : evening meal
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legolibro – libro por leg(ad)o : book for reading, reading book
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poŝtkarto – karto por la poŝto(sistem) : postcard
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manĝoĉambro – ĉambro por manĝ(ad)o – dining room, eatery
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festparolado – parol(ad)o por fest(okaz)o : speech for a special occasion
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datreveno – reveno de (speciala) dato (en la jaro) : anniversary
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skribpapero – papero por skrib(ad)o : writing paper
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lupago – pago por lu(ad)o : (payment for) rent
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sunsubiro – subiro de la suno, ir(ad)o de la suno suben : sunset
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dombesto – besto (taŭga) por domo(j) : domestic animal, house pet
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Note: the addition of ‘ad’ like ‘ing’ in English draws attention to the action involved.
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arbaro – aro /grupo de arboj : set of trees, wood
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preĝejo – ejo / loko por preĝ(ad)o : prayer house, church
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bovino – ino / femalo de bovo : female ‘cow’
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kongresano – ano / membro de kongreso : congress member
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A distinguishing characteristic of affixes as against other roots is that they do not need to add any linking vowel to aid pronunciation – cf aŭtovojo, legolibro, manĝoĉambro supre. Suffixes almost without exception begin with a vowel. They are designed to link easily to other roots.
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En la domo estas multaj ĉambroj – in the house [there] are many rooms
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En la domo estas malmultaj mebloj – in the house there are few /not many items of furniture
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En la domo troviĝas kelkaj vizitantoj – some visitors are in the house
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En via apartamento troviĝas pluraj ŝrankoj – [there] are several cupboards to be found in your apartment
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En via apartamento estas diversaj bretoj – [there] are sundry shelves in your flat.
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En la domo estas multaj bestoj –[there] are a lot of animals in the house.
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Iuj estas bonaj, sed aliaj ne [estas] – Some [people] are good. but others are not.
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Multaj estas interesaj, sed aliaj ne [estas] – Many are interesting, but others aren’t
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Kelkaj estas puraj, sed aliaj ne [estas] – Some are clean, but others aren’t.
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Pluraj estas utilaj, sed aliaj ne – Several are useful, but others are not.
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Mi devus vendi kelkajn el miaj posedaĵoj – I would have to sell some of my possessions [in those circumstances]
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Mi devus ripari plurajn el miaj mebloj – I would have to repair several pieces of furniture [in those circumstances]
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Vi povus elekti la plej utilajn el la donacoj – You would be able to choose the most useful [in those circumstances]
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Vi povus ĵeti la plej malbonajn el viaj mebloj for – [in those circumstances] you would be able to throw out your worst bits of furniture.
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Ĉu vi ne volus ĉesi fumi? Would you not be willing to stop smoking [in those circumstances]?
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Ĉu vi ne devus kompromisi? Would you not have to compromise [in those circumstances]?
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Ĉu vi ankoraŭ fumas? Mi bedaŭras, ke jes. Are you still smoking? I regret so, I do [smoke]
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Ĉu vi ĉesos plendi? Mi supozas, ke jes. Will you stop complaining? I suppose so. [Yes, I will]
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Ĉu vi trinkas bieron? Mi ripetas, ke ne. Do you drink beer? I repeat I don’t [drink beer]
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Ĉu vi ankoraŭ fumas? Mi konfesas, ke jes. Do you still smoke? I admit that’s a ‘yes’
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La domo estas farita el brikoj kaj mortero – The house is made from bricks and morter.
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La ŝuo estas farita el kaŭĉuko kaj ledo – the shoe is made from rubber and leather.
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El kio estas farita La Ejfel-turo? Mi supozas, ke ĝi estas farita el metalo.
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H. Ĉu vi estas kontenta pri nia apartamento? Ĉu ni havas sufiĉajn ĉambrojn?
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P. Nia kuirejo estas malgranda sed la manĝoĉambro kaj la kelo estas sufiĉe grandaj. Ankaŭ ni havas du dormĉambrojn.
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H. Jes, sed ĉu vi ne deziras havi parcelon? Ĉu plaĉus al vi kreskigi tomatojn kaj legomojn? Ĉu plaĉus al vi aŭdi la insektojn zumi tie?
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P. Vi havas multajn demandojn! Ĉu ni havas monon lui parcelon? Ĉu ni havus tempon kreskigi ion? Se ni havus infanojn, kiel ni trovus tempon labori en ĝi?
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H. Do vi ne deziras havi pli grandan kuirejon, vi ne deziras kreskigi legomojn, vi preferus havi infanojn. Vi forgesas, ke infanoj ankaŭ kostas monon kaj tempon.
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P. Mi supozas, ke vi pravas. Nia apartamento havas du dormĉambrojn kaj diversajn meblojn, ŝrankojn kaj bretojn. Mi estas sufiĉe kontenta. Mi bedaŭras, sed mi opinias, ke ni devas ne plendi.
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Till, until, as far as
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To hire from, rent from
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Would be able to (if)
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