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Feel free to follow us at the links below:
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by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
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Ĉi tiu sutta estas vaste konsiderata kiel fundamenta referenco por meditada praktiko. Enkonduko
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Kaj cetere, bhikkhus, kiel bhikkhu logxas observante vedanā en vedanā?
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A. Sekcio pri la Nīvaraṇas
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B. Sekcio pri la Khandhas
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C. Sekcio pri la Sensaj Sferoj
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D. Sekcio pri la Bojjhaṅgas
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ĉeestanta ene, li komprenas: “ekzistas la samādhi sambojjhaṅga ene de
mi”; ne estante la samādhi sambojjhaṅga ĉeestanta ene, li komprenas:
“ekzistas neniu samādhi sambojjhaṅga ene de mi”; li komprenas kiel la
neaŭdita samādhi sambojjhaṅga venas; li komprenas kiel la ŝprucita
samādhi sambojjhaṅga disvolviĝas al perfekteco.
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E. Sekcio pri la Veroj
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En estaĵoj, bhikkhus, havante la
karakterizaĵon de maljuniĝi, tia deziro ekestas: “ho vere, eble ne
ekzistas jarā por ni, kaj vere, eble ni ne venos al jarā.” Sed tion ni
ne volas deziri. Ĉi tio estas la dukkha de ne akiri tion, kion oni
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bhikkhus, mallonge estas la kvin upādānakkhandhas? Ili estas: la rūpa
upādānakkhandha, la vedanā upādānakkhandha, la saññā upādānakkhandha, la
saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha, la viññāṇa upādānakkhandha. Ĉi tiuj estas
nomataj mallonge, bhikkhus, la kvin upādānakkhandhas.
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Kaj kio, bhikkhus, estas sammāvācā?
Tio, bhikkhus, kiu sindetenas de musāvādā, abstinas de pisuṇa vācā,
abstenas de pharusa vācā, kaj abstinas de samphappalāpa, tio estas
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Por iu, bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum
sep jaroj, oni povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri
videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu alkroĉita, anāgāmita.
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sep jarojn, bhikkhus. Por iu, bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar
satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum ses jaroj, oni povas atendi unu el du
rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu
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Lasu nur ses jarojn, bhikkhus. Por kiu,
bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum kvin
jaroj, oni povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri
videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu alkroĉita, anāgāmita.
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Nur du jarojn, bhikkhus. Ĉar kiu, bhikkhus,
praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum unu jaro, oni
povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri videblaj
fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu alkroĉita, anāgāmita.
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bhikkhus. Por kiu, bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas
tiamaniere dum sep monatoj, oni povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu
[perfekta] scio pri videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu alkroĉita,
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monatojn, bhikkhus. Por kiu, bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar
satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum kvin monatoj, oni povas atendi unu el du
rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu
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Lasu nur tri monatojn, bhikkhus. Por kiu
ajn, bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum du
monatoj, oni povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri
videblaj fenomenoj, aŭ se restas iu alkroĉita, anāgāmita.
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Nur unu monaton, bhikkhus. Por kiu,
bhikkhus, praktikus ĉi tiujn kvar satipaṭṭhānas tiamaniere dum
duonmonato, oni povas atendi unu el du rezultoj: ĉu [perfekta] scio pri
videblaj fenomenoj, ĉu restos iu alkroĉita, anāgāmita.
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Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
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(b) a Judge may be removed from his office in the manner provided in clause (4).
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⁠(3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of India and—
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(a) has been for at least five years a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; or
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(b) has been for at least ten years an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; or
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(c) is, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.
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this clause “High Court” means a High Court which exercises, or which
at any time before the commencement of this Constitution exercised,
jurisdiction in any part of the territory of India.
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computing for the purpose of this clause the period during which a
person has been an advocate, any period during which a person has held
judicial office not inferior to that of a district judge after he became
an advocate shall be included.
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Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except
by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of
Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House
and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that
House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same
session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or
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person appointed to be a Judge of the Supreme Court shall, before he
enters upon his office, make and subscribe before the President, or some
person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation
according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
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⁠(7) No person who has held office as a Judge of the Supreme
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125. (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.
shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights
in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be
determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined,
to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second
neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in
respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his
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126. When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when
the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to
perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be
performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President
may appoint for the purpose.
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128. Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Chief Justice
of India may at any time, with the previous consent of the President,
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Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
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Appointment of ad hoc Judges.
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131. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme
Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original
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(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
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(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
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(c) between two or more States,
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if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law
or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
⁠Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to—
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(i) a dispute to which a State specified in Part B of the First
Schedule is a party, if the dispute arises out of any provision of a
treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed
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Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
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(ii) a dispute to which any State is a party, it the dispute arises
out of any provision of a treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.
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133. (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any
judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in
the territory of India if the High Court certifies—
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(a) that the amount or value of the subject-matter of the
dispute in the court of first instance and still in dispute on appeal
was and is not less than twenty thousand rupees or such other sum as may
be specified in that behalf by Parliament by law; or
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(b) that the judgment, decree or final order involves directly
or indirectly some claim or question respecting property of the like
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(c) that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court;
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134. (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any
judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High
Court in the territory of India if the High Court—
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(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
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(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any
court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the
accused person and sentenced him to death; or
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⁠Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c)
shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf
under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court
may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain
and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a
criminal proceeding of a High Court in the
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Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
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territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.
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135. Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme
Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter
to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if
jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by
the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this
Constitution under any existing law.
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136. (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme
Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any
judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or
matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of
clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order
passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law
relating to the Armed Forces.
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137. Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or
any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to
review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.
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139. Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to
issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.
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140. Parliament may by law make provision for conferring upon the
Supreme Court such supplemental powers not inconsistent with any of the
provisions of this Constitution as may appear to be necessary or
desirable for the purpose of enabling the Court more effectively to
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Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
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the jurisdiction conferred upon it by or under this Constitution.
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141. The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.
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144. All authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court.
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145. (1) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament,
the Supreme Court may from time to time, with the approval of the
President, make rules for regulating generally the practice and
procedure of the Court including—
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(a) rules as to the persons practising before the Court;
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(b) rules as to the procedure for hearing appeals and other matters pertaining to appeals including the time
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Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
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Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
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(c) rules as to the proceedings in the Court for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III;
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(d) rules as to the entertainment of appeals under sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134;
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(e) rules as to the conditions subject to which any judgment
pronounced or order made by the Court may be reviewed and the procedure
for such review including the time within which applications to the
Court for such review are to be entered;
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(f) rules as to the costs of and incidental to any proceedings
in the Court and as to the fees to be charged in respect of proceedings
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(g) rules as to the granting of bail;
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(h) rules as to stay of proceedings;
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(i) rules providing for the summary determination of any
appeal which appears to the Court to be frivolous or vexatious or
brought for the purpose of delay;
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(j) rules as to the procedure for inquiries referred to in clause (1) of article 317.
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the provisions of clause (3), rules made under this article may fix the
minimum number of Judges who are to sit for any purpose, and may
provide for the powers of single Judges and Division Courts.
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minimum number of Judges who are to sit for the purpose of deciding any
case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of
this Constitution or for the purpose of hearing any reference under
article 143 shall be five:
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that, where the Court hearing an appeal under any of the provisions of
this Chapter other than article 132 consists of less than five Judges
and in the course of the hearing of the appeal the Court is satisfied
that the appeal involves a substantial question of law as to the
interpretation of this Constitution the determination of which is
necessary for the disposal of the appeal, such Court shall refer the
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147. In this Chapter and in Chapter V of Part VI, references to any substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this
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discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
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