Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando / English
#000000
Try listening to the dialogue first
#000001
Sample answers are offered below
#000002
Did you find many points to make notes on? This lesson starts to explore in more detail how Esperanto works. This is its genius. It has ‘roots’ i.e. basic ideas which may in essence be names of things. For example the root ‘feri‘ is a day off work, a holiday (originally a holy day!) The root ‘feri‘ takes an ‘O’ ending to emphasise this. Traditionally we would call it a noun. John Wells’ dictionary lists it as ‘feri/o’ to show its root meaning. But the ‘root meaning’ may in essence describe things or situations. For example the root ‘laŭt‘ means ‘loud’ and takes an ‘A’ ending to confirm this. Traditionally we would call it an adjective. A third group of ‘roots’ points to actions. For example ‘ven’, listed ‘ven/i’ in dictionaries. Traditionally we would call it a verb.
#000003
Only rarely do these kind of roots appear without their confirmatory ‘ending’ or ‘category’. This is explained later in the course. Do all ideas or ‘roots’ in Esperanto need to take a confirmatory ending like this? If you have been studying the vocabulary following Lesson 12, you will know the answer is no. Indeed you have already met some – al, ankaŭ, ankoraŭ, antaŭ etc. Sometimes called ‘wordlets’ for fun this mystery also will be explored later.
#000004
Please attempt the exercises before consulting the material below
#000005
Ekzercu vin! – Exercise yourself!
#000006
Ŝajnas al mi, ke vi eraras – It seems to be you are wrong
#000007
Ŝajnas al mi, ke ĉio estas en ordo – (It) seems to me everything is OK
#000008
Ŝajnas al mi, ke li forgesis ion – It looks to me that he’s forgotten something
#000009
Ŝajnas al mi, ke ili faris nenion – Methinks they have done nothing.
#000010
Estas malvarme en la ĝardeno – It is cold / chilly in the garden
#000011
Estas seke ekster [outside] la domo – It’s dry outside (the house)
#000012
Estis terure ekster la domo – It’s terrible / awful outside
#000013
Johano estas interesa – Jes li parolas interese : John is interesting – Yes, John talks interestingly
#000014
Johano estas k0mplika [complicated] – Jes, li parolas komplike : John is complicated. Yes, ke talks complicatedly
#000016
Johano estas kolera [angry] – Jes, li parolas kolere : John is angry – Yes, he talks angrily
#000017
Johano estas kuraĝa [courageous] – Jes, li parolas kuraĝe : John is brave – Yes, he talks bravely
#000018
Johano estas tre saĝa – Jes, li parolas tre saĝe : John is very wise – Yes, he talks very wisely
#000019
Johano estas sincera – sed li ne parolas sincere : John is sincere – But he does not talk sincerely
#000020
dolĉa [sweet]: dolĉe – sweetly Li kantas al ŝi tre dolĉe – He sang very sweetly to her
#000021
klara [clear] : klare – clearly Li parolis tre klare kaj elegante – He spoke very clearly and with elegance
#000022
laŭta [loud] : laŭte – loudly Li kriis [shouted] laŭte – He shouted loudly
#000023
rapida – quick : rapide – quickly, fast Ŝi rapide komprenis la situacion [situation] – She quickly read (understood) the situation
#000024
subita [sudden] : subite – suddenly Ili subite kuris for – They ran away suddenly
#000025
absoluta – absolute : absolute – absolutely Oni devas esti absolute silenta – One / People must be absolutely silent
#000026
serioza – serious : serioze – seriously La fortega vento estas nun serioze danĝera [dangerous]. The super-strong wind is now seriously dangerous.
#000027
Li ofte respondas rapide – He often replies quickly
#000028
Li ĉiam parolas sincere – He always speaks sincerely
#000029
Ŝi neniam skribas klare – She never writes clearly i.e. the look of the text
#000030
Ŝi neniam verkas klare – She never writes clearly i.e. the expressions she uses
#000031
Note: Using the terms skribi for the act of forming the letters and verki for creating the content Esperanto can make the meaning clearer
#000032
Ŝi malofte respondas rapide – She rarely replies quickly
#000033
Li ofte parolas komplike – He often talks complicatedly.
#000034
Ŝi ĉiam respondas tuj. -, She always replies straightaway.
#000035
bele – beautifully terure – frightfully kontente – contentedly varme – hotly strange – oddly plene – fully romantike – romantically saĝe – wisely libere – freely kuraĝe – bravely evidente – obviously fiere – proudly ĝentile – politely honteste – honestly firme – firmly utile – usefully forte – strongly importante – importantly hejme – at home rare – rarely
#000036
Note : Without a context the meaning of some English words may be ambiguous. For these exercises the context of the lesson itself should be assumed. As elsewhere bold letters are a reminder of where the stress falls.
#000037
1. Estas interese, ke Johano estas hejme. – It is interesting John is at home.
#000038
2. Strange estas, ke ŝi neniam parolis – It is strange she never spoke.
#000039
3. Estas bele kuŝi apud la maro – It is beautiful to sit by the sea.
#000040
4. Ŝajnas al mi, ke vi respondis honeste. – It seems to me he ansered honestly.
#000041
5. Ne gravas, ke pluvas. Ni restu en la hotelo hodiaŭ. – It’s not important that it is raining. Let’s stay in the hotel today.
#000042
6. Utile estas naĝi bone. It is useful to swim well.
#000043
H. Kial ne? Mi ne povas kredi, ke vi volas fari absolute nenion hodiaŭ, eĉ se pluvas forte. Ĉar la vetero estas malbona, estus oportune viziti vian patrinon. Ŝia domo estas varma kaj seka, eĉ kiam estas malseke ekstere.
#000044
Lesson 10 New words to add to your word stock
#000046