text.text: Karate (空aa手?) (Japanese pronunciation: [kaɽaaate] ( sunein), IPA: /kəaaˈaarɑaaːaatiː/) yookyoo dweep samooh mein viksit ek maarshal Art hai jo ab okinaava, Japan mein hai. iska vikaas deshi yuddh paddhati se hua tha jise te (手, literally: "hand"?) aur cheeni kempo kehte hain.[1][2] karaate ek prahaar kala hai jismein mukkebaaji, paad prahaar aur ghutana prahaar aur mukt-hast praudyogiki jaise naaif-hainds (karaate chop) ke roop mein istemaal kiya jaata hai. kuchh shailiyo mein grepaling, lauks, atakaav, throw aur mahatvapoorn binduon par prahaar karna sikhaaya jaata hai.[3] ek karaate abhyast karmi ko karateka (空aa手aa家?) kaha jaata hai.
text.text_idx: #000001
text.text: inhein bhi dekhein: Okinawan martial arts
text.text_idx: #000006
text.text: karaate ki shurooaat saadhaaran yuddh pranaali ke roop mein hui jise yookyoovans ke pechin varg ke beech te (okinvaan: ti) ke roop mein jaana jaata hai. 1372 mein chujen ke satto King dvaara cheen ke ming saamraajya ke saath vyaapaar sambandhon ko sthaapit karne ke baad, cheen ke aagantuko dvaara yookyoo dweep samooh mein vishesh kar ke fujiyn praant mein cheeni maarshal Art ke kuchh roopon ko aarambh kiya gaya tha. 1392 ke aas-paas cheeni parivaaron ki ek badi samooh saanskrutik aadaan-pradaan ke liye okinaava sthaanaantarit hue, jahaan unhonne kumemura ki samooh ko sthaapit kiya aur cheeni maarshal Art sahit cheeni Art ki vistrut vividhta aur vigyaan ke apne gyaan ka aadaan-pradaan kiya. 1429 mein raaja sho haashi dvaara okinaava ka raajaneetik keindreekaran aur shastr pratibandh lagaane ki neeti ko 1609 mein shimaaju kabeele ke aakraman ke baad okinaava mein laagoo kiya gaya tha aur okinaava mein baad mein nihatthe mukaabala takaneek ka vikaas hone ka bhi kaaran tha.[2]
text.text_idx: #000007
text.text: karaate ke te shaili ke aarambhik teen shailiyon ke atirikt kanbun uechi (1877–1948) ek chautha okinaavaan shaili tha. 20 saal ki umr mein ve Japani sena mein jabaradasti bharti hone se bachane ke liye cheen ke fujiyaan praant ke foojau chale gaye the. vahaan par unhonne shooshiva ke adheen adhyayan kiya. us samay mein ve vahaan ke cheeni nanpa shorin-ken ke agrani hasti the.[17] baad mein unhonne sanchin, siyesan aur sanasiyeriyoo kaata ke aadhaar par uechi-you karaate naamak swayam ki ek shaili ka vikaas kiya, jo unhonne cheen mein seekha tha.[18]
text.text_idx: #000013
text.text: inhein bhi dekhein: Japanese martial arts
text.text_idx: #000014
text.text: shotokan karaate ke sansthaapak gichin funaakoshi, ko Japan ke mukhya dveepon par karaate ki shurooaat aur lokapriya banaane ka aamtaur par shreya diya jaata hai. vaastav mein kai okinaavans shikshan sakriya the aur isi liye ve bhi karaate ke vikaas ke liye utana hi jimmedaar hai. funaakoshi asato anko aur itosu anko donon ke chhaatr the (jisne 1902 mein okinaava preefekchural school system mein karaate ki shurooaat karne mein madad ki thi) is avadhi ke dauraan pramukh shikshakon jo Japan mein karaate ke prasaar ko prabhaavit kiya unamein kenava mabuni, chojoon miyaagi, motobu choki, kanaken toyaama aur kanabun uechi shaamil hain. is kshetr ke itihaas mein yeh ek kalahakaari samay tha. ismein 1872 mein Japan ke okinaavaan dweep samooh par kabja karna, pratham sino-Japani yuddh (1894–1895), rooshi-Japani yuddh (1904–1905), Korea par kabja aur Japani sainyavaad ka udaya (1905–1945) shaamil hain.
text.text_idx: #000015
text.text: Japan mein karaate ka aadhunikeekaran aur siddhaantikran mein safed vardi jise kimono aur dogi ya keikogi - adhikaanshat: karaategi kaha jaata hai- aur raink vaale belt ko shaamil kiya gaya hai. donon hi naye prakriyaayon ka udbhav aur lokapriya jigero kaano ke dvaara kiya gaya, jo judo ke sansthaapak aur un vyaktiyon mein se ek the jisse funaakoshi ne karaate ke vikaas mein paraamarsh liya tha.
text.text_idx: #000018
text.text: 1929 tak otsuka ka panjeekaran Japan maarshal Arts sangh ke ek sadasya ke roop mein ho chuka tha. is samay mein okinaavaan karaate keval kaata ke saath sambaddh tha. otsuka ne socha ki budo jismein raksha aur aakraman par poora dhyaan keindrit hota hai, bhaavana ki kami hai aur vah kaata takaneek jo yathaarthavaadi yuddh sthitiyon mein kaam naheen aati hai. usane doosaron ke saath adhik jujhaaroo shailiyon ka bhi prayog kiya jaise judo, kendo aur eikido. usane okinaavaan karaate ke vyaavahaarik aur upayogi tatvon ke saath joojitsoo aur kendo jisne karaate mein kumaait ke janm se, ya free faaiting se hi netrutv kiya tha, se paaramparik Japani maarshal Art takaneekon ke saath mishran kiya. otsuko ne socha ki karaate ke adhik gatisheel tareeko ka prashikshan dene ki aavashyakta hai aur usane apne swayam ki karaate shaili: vodo-you ko viksit karne par dhyaan keindrit karne ke liye funaakoshi ko chhodne ka faisala kiya. 1934 mein vaado-you karaate aadhikaarik roop se ek svatantr shaili ke roop mein pahachaana gaya tha. is maanyata ka arth tha ek poornakaalik maarshal kalaakaar banane ke liye- otsuka ka uske chikitsa abhyaas se prasthaan karna aur apni jeevan ke uddeshya ko poorn karna.
text.text_idx: #000020
text.text: maasutatsu oyaama dvaara 1957 tak karaate ke ek nae roop jiska naam kyokushin tha, ko opachaarik taur par sthaapit kiya gaya tha (jinka janm ek Korean ke roop mein hua tha, choi iyong-ivi). kyokeshin bade paimaane par shotokan aur goju-you ka ek mishran hai. yeh ek paathyakram hai jo ki jeevantata, shaareerik majabooti aur poorn sampark par jor deti hai kyonki yeh shaareerik, poorn-bal ladaai par jor deti hai aur yahi kaaran hai ki kyokoshin ko vartamaan mein aksar "poorn sampark karaate" ya "naukadaaun karaate" kaha jaata hai (pratiyogita mein iske niyamon ke liye iska yeh naam pada). kai anya karaate sangathan aur shailiyaan kyokoshin adhyayan kram ke hi vanshaj hain.
text.text_idx: #000022
text.text: world karaate federation ne karaate ke in shailiyon ko iske kaata soochi mein maanyata di hai
text.text_idx: #000023
text.text: karaate-du sangathan ke vishv sangh[19] (WUKO)[20] ne in shailiyon ko iski kaata soochi mein maanyata di hai.
text.text_idx: #000024
text.text: inhein bhi dekhein: Okinawan kobudō evam Japanese martial arts#Philosophical and strategic concepts
text.text_idx: #000026
text.text: karaate ka abhyaas ek kala (budo) ke roop mein, khel ke roop mein, ek yuddh khel ya aatm raksha prashikshan ke roop mein kiya ja sakta hai. paaramparik karaate ke abhyaas mein aatm vikaas par jor diya jaata hai (budo).[21] aadhunik Japani shaili ke prashikshan mein ek uchit kokoro (mudra) manovaigyaanik tatvon ko shaamil karne par jor deta hai jaise drudhta, nirbhayata, sadaachaar aur netrutv kaushal. khel karaate mein vyaayaam aur pratiyogita par jor diya jaata hai. kuchh shailiyon mein hathiyaar (kobudo) mahatvapoorn prashikshan kriyaakalaap hai.
text.text_idx: #000027
text.text: karaate mein haathaapaai ko kumaait kaha jaata hai (组aa手:くaaみaaて). shaabdik roop se iska arth hai "haathon ko milaana". kumaait ka abhyaas khel aur aatm-raksha prashikshan donon ke roop mein hota hai.
text.text_idx: #000034
text.text: world karaate federation (WKF) sabse bada karaate khel sangathan hai aur antararaashtreeya olympic samiti (IOC) dvaara olanpik khel mein karaate pratiyogitaaon ke liye hamesha se jimmevaar hone ke roop mein ise maanyata praapt hai. WKF ne sabhi shailiyon ko niyantrit karne ke liye saamaanya niyamon ko viksit kiya hai. raashtreeya WKF sangathan ne apne vishisht raashtreeya olympic samiti ke saath sanyojan kiya hai.
text.text_idx: #000043
text.text: gichin funaakoshi ne karaate-du ke "kaara" ki vyaakhya [kisi] ke svaarthi aur bure vichaaron ko shuddh karne ke arth mein kiya hai. ek spasht man ke liye aur vivek ke saath hi [abhyaasakarmi] us [gyaan] ko samajh sakte hain ki jo usane praapt kiya hai. funaakoshi ka maanana tha ki inhein "andar se vinmr aur baahar se komal hona jaana chaahiye." keval vinmrataapoorvak bartaav ke dvaara koi karaate ke kai sabak ko seekh sakta hai. yeh shravan aur aalochanaaon ke prati khule najriye ke dvaara kiya jaata hai. ve pramukh mahatva ke namrata se maanate hain. unhonne kaha ki "karaate ko poorn roop se laagoo un durlabh sthitiyon mein hi kiya jaata hai jismein ya to koi doosare ko neecha kar raha ho ya uske dvaara vah khud neecha kiya gaya ho." funaakoshi ne upaasak ko jeevan bhar mein shaayad ek baar se jyaada karaate ka istemaal vaastavik mukaabala mein karne ko asaamaanya maana hai. unhonne kaha ki karaate abhyaasakarmiyon ko "aasaani se ek ladaai ke liye kabhi taiyaar naheen hona chaahiye." yeh samjha jaata hai ki ek asli visheshagya dvaara ek jhatke ka arth maut ho sakta hai. yeh spasht hai ki jo apne seekhe hue gyaan ka durupayog karta hai asal mein vah khud ko apamaanit karta hai. unhonne vyaktigat aparaadh siddhi ke charitra visheshata ko badhaava diya. "saarvajanik mrutyu sankat ke samay mein, ... ek lakh aur ek virodhiyon ka saamana karne ke liye uske paas himmat rakhana chaahiye hai" unhonne sikhaaya hai ki hichkichaahat ek kamjori hai.[33]
text.text_idx: #000050
text.text: chaaineej hand ke roop mein mool karaate ko kaanji mein likha gaya tha. baad mein yeh homofon mein parivrtit ho gaya jiska arth emti hand hai. mudran mein mool karaate shabd ka prayog itosu anko ko shreya diya gaya hai. unhonne ise vartamaan mein istemaal 空aa手:かaaらaaて (emti hand) ke bajaay kaanji mein 唐aa手:かaaらaaて (taing daayanesti hand) likha. cheen ke taing vansh ka ant AD 907 mein hua. baad mein okinaava mein aamtaur par China ko sandarbhit karne ke ek tareeke ke roop mein kaanji ne iska pratinidhitv kiya. is prakaar karaate shabd mool roop se "chaaineej hand ", ya "cheen ke maarshal Art " ko abhivyakt karne ka ek tareeka tha.
text.text_idx: #000052
text.text: karaate shabd ke ant mein du (道:どaaう) ka yog anya saanketik vikaas hai. du ek pratyaya hai aur iske kai arth hain jismein sadak, path, maarg aur tareeka shaamil hai. iska istemaal kai maarshal Art mein kiya jaata hai jo ki Japan ke saamanti sanskruti se aadhunik samay gujarane ke dauraan bacha raha. iska arth yeh hai ki ye kala keval ek yuddh pranaali naheen hain lekin jab ise abhyaas ke roop mein protsaahit karne ke dauraan ismein aadhyaatmik tatv bhi shaamil hai. is sandarbh mein du ka aam taur par anuvaad "jis tarah" ke roop mein hai. udaaharanasvaroop eikido (合 気: 道 あaaいaaき どaaう), judo (柔aa道: じaaゅaaう どaaう) aur kendo hai (剣 道: けaaん どaaう). is prakaar karaatedu, emti hand takaneekon se thoda adhik hai. yeh jis tarah emti hand hai.
text.text_idx: #000055
text.text: 1930 aur 1940 ke dashak mein Canada mein karaate ki shurooaat hui choonki is samay mein Japani log is desh mein aakar basane lage the. yahaan par karaate ka abhyaas bade paimaane par sangathanon ke bina hi kiya jaata tha. dviteeya vishv yuddh ke dauraan, kai Japani Canada ke parivaar british Columbia ke sudoor ilaake mein chale gaye the. 13 saal ki umr mein masaaroo shintani kitigaava ke tahat Japani shivir mein shorin-you karaate ka adhyayan shuroo kiya. 1956 mein 9 varshon ke kitigaava ke saath prashikshan ke baad shintani ne Japan ki yaatra ki aur hironori otsuka (vaado you) se mile. 1958 mein otsuka ne shintani ko apne vaado kaai sangathan mein shaamil hone ke liye aamantrit kiya aur 1969 mein unhonne shintani ko aadhikaarik taur par unki shaili ko vaado kehne ke liye kaha.[35]
text.text_idx: #000056
text.text: Canada mein isi samay ke dauraan karaate ki shurooaat masaami surooka ke dvaara bhi kiya gaya tha jisne 1940 ke dashak mein suyoshi chitose ke tahat Japan mein shiksha praapt ki thi. 1954 mein surooka ne Canada mein pehli karaate pratiyogita ki shurooaat ki aur raashtreeya karaate association ke liye neenv rakhi.
text.text_idx: #000057
text.text: 1950 ke dashak mein shintani, ontaariyo ke liye chale gaye aur haimiltan mein Japani saanskrutik kendra mein karaate aur judo ka adhyaapan shuroo kiya. 1966 mein unhonne (otsuka ke samarthan ke saath) Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation ki shurooaat ki. 1970 ke dashak ke dauraan otsuka ne uttari America mein vaado kaai ke pradhaan prashikshak par shintani ko niyukt kiya. 1979 mein otsuka ne saarvajanik roop se shintani ka padonnati karte hue haachidn (8 dan) pradaan kiya aur niji taur par use ek kudaan pramaanapatr (9 dan) bhi diya jise shintani dvaara 1995 mein iska khulaasa kiya gaya tha. shintani aur otsuka ne kai baar ek saath Japan aur Canada ka daura kiya, unka pichhla daura otsuka ki maut ke do varsh pehle 1980 mein tha. shintani ki mrutyu 7 May 2000 ko hui thi.[35]
text.text_idx: #000058
text.text: 1950 ke dashak aur 1960 ke dashak mein kai Japani karaate gurooon ne United Kingdom mein is kala ko seekhaana shuroo kiya. 1965 mein London mein tatsuo Suzuki ne vaado-you ka adhyaapan shuroo kiya. 1966 mein, british karaate federation ke poorv sadasyon ne mukhya prashikshak ke roop mein hirokaaju kaanaajaava ke adheen great Britain ke karaate sangh (KUGB) ko sthaapit kiya,[40] aur JKA se sambaddh tha. isi samay kaanasuke enoda kaanaajaava ke roop mein ingalaind aae aur leevarapul mein dojo ka prashikshan diya. kanaajaava ne 3 saal ke baad Britain chhod diya aur enoda ne padabhaar ko sambhaala. 2003 mein enoda ki mrutyu ke baad, KUGB ne mukhya prashikshak ke roop mein Andy sheri ko chuna. is ke fauran baad, KUGB se ek naya sangh JKA England vibhaajit hua.'
text.text_idx: #000063
text.text: 1964 mein, gosuko-you ka sansthaapak, taakaayuki kubota, ne antarraashtreeya karaate association ko tokyo se California sthaanaantarit kiya.
text.text_idx: #000070
text.text: seedo karaate ki sthaapana tadaashi naakaamura dvaara kiya gaya tha.
text.text_idx: #000071
text.text: the karaate kid (1984) film mein ek ameriki kishor ki kaalpanik katha hai jiska parichay karaate se hota hai.[44]
  chak noris: karaato kanmaadoj (1986), bachchon ki ek animated sho hai, jismein chak noris swayam episode ko shuru karne aur episode ki naitik baaton ke liye aate hain.
text.text_idx: #000074
text.text: saaaincha:Karate schools saaaincha:Karateka saaaincha:Martial arts saaaincha:Manav by country saaaincha:World Karate Federation
text.text_idx: #000078