[{"text_idx": "#000000", "text": "Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando / English"}, {"text_idx": "#000001", "text": "Try listening to the dialogue first"}, {"text_idx": "#000002", "text": "Sample answers are offered below"}, {"text_idx": "#000003", "text": "Did you find many points to make notes on? This lesson starts to explore in more detail how Esperanto works. This is its genius. It has \u2018roots\u2019 i.e. basic ideas which may in essence be names of things. For example the root \u2018feri\u2018 is a day off work, a holiday (originally a holy day!) The root \u2018feri\u2018 takes an \u2018O\u2019 ending to emphasise this. Traditionally we would call it a noun. John Wells\u2019 dictionary lists it as \u2018feri/o\u2019 to show its root meaning. But the \u2018root meaning\u2019 may in essence describe things or situations. For example the root \u2018lau\u0306t\u2018 means \u2018loud\u2019 and takes an \u2018A\u2019 ending to confirm this. Traditionally we would call it an adjective. A third group of \u2018roots\u2019 points to actions. For example \u2018ven\u2019, listed \u2018ven/i\u2019 in dictionaries. Traditionally we would call it a verb."}, {"text_idx": "#000004", "text": "Only rarely do these kind of roots appear without their confirmatory \u2018ending\u2019 or \u2018category\u2019. This is explained later in the course. Do all ideas or \u2018roots\u2019 in Esperanto need to take a confirmatory ending like this? If you have been studying the vocabulary following Lesson 12, you will know the answer is no. Indeed you have already met some \u2013 al, ankau\u0306, ankorau\u0306, antau\u0306 etc. Sometimes called \u2018wordlets\u2019 for fun this mystery also will be explored later."}, {"text_idx": "#000005", "text": "Please attempt the exercises before consulting the material below"}, {"text_idx": "#000006", "text": "Ekzercu vin! \u2013 Exercise yourself!"}, {"text_idx": "#000007", "text": "S\u0302ajnas al mi, ke vi eraras \u2013 It seems to be you are wrong"}, {"text_idx": "#000008", "text": "S\u0302ajnas al mi, ke c\u0302io estas en ordo \u2013 (It) seems to me everything is OK"}, {"text_idx": "#000009", "text": "S\u0302ajnas al mi, ke li forgesis ion \u2013 It looks to me that he\u2019s forgotten something"}, {"text_idx": "#000010", "text": "S\u0302ajnas al mi, ke ili faris nenion \u2013 Methinks they have done nothing."}, {"text_idx": "#000011", "text": "Estas malvarme en la g\u0302ardeno \u2013 It is cold / chilly in the garden"}, {"text_idx": "#000012", "text": "Estas seke ekster [outside] la domo \u2013 It\u2019s dry outside (the house)"}, {"text_idx": "#000013", "text": "Estis terure ekster la domo \u2013 It\u2019s terrible / awful outside"}, {"text_idx": "#000014", "text": "Johano estas interesa \u2013 Jes li parolas interese : John is interesting \u2013 Yes, John talks interestingly"}, {"text_idx": "#000016", "text": "Johano estas k0mplika [complicated] \u2013 Jes, li parolas komplike : John is complicated. Yes, ke talks complicatedly"}, {"text_idx": "#000017", "text": "Johano estas kolera [angry] \u2013 Jes, li parolas kolere : John is angry \u2013 Yes, he talks angrily"}, {"text_idx": "#000018", "text": "Johano estas kurag\u0302a [courageous] \u2013 Jes, li parolas kurag\u0302e : John is brave \u2013 Yes, he talks bravely"}, {"text_idx": "#000019", "text": "Johano estas tre sag\u0302a \u2013 Jes, li parolas tre sag\u0302e : John is very wise \u2013 Yes, he talks very wisely"}, {"text_idx": "#000020", "text": "Johano estas sincera \u2013 sed li ne parolas sincere : John is sincere \u2013 But he does not talk sincerely"}, {"text_idx": "#000021", "text": "dolc\u0302a [sweet]: dolc\u0302e \u2013 sweetly Li kantas al s\u0302i tre dolc\u0302e \u2013 He sang very sweetly to her"}, {"text_idx": "#000022", "text": "klara [clear] : klare \u2013 clearly Li parolis tre klare kaj elegante \u2013 He spoke very clearly and with elegance"}, {"text_idx": "#000023", "text": "lau\u0306ta [loud] : lau\u0306te \u2013 loudly Li kriis [shouted] lau\u0306te \u2013 He shouted loudly"}, {"text_idx": "#000024", "text": "rapida \u2013 quick : rapide \u2013 quickly, fast S\u0302i rapide komprenis la situacion [situation] \u2013 She quickly read (understood) the situation"}, {"text_idx": "#000025", "text": "subita [sudden] : subite \u2013 suddenly Ili subite kuris for \u2013 They ran away suddenly"}, {"text_idx": "#000026", "text": "absoluta \u2013 absolute : absolute \u2013 absolutely Oni devas esti absolute silenta \u2013 One / People must be absolutely silent"}, {"text_idx": "#000027", "text": "serioza \u2013 serious : serioze \u2013 seriously La fortega vento estas nun serioze dang\u0302era [dangerous]. The super-strong wind is now seriously dangerous."}, {"text_idx": "#000028", "text": "Li ofte respondas rapide \u2013 He often replies quickly"}, {"text_idx": "#000029", "text": "Li c\u0302iam parolas sincere \u2013 He always speaks sincerely"}, {"text_idx": "#000030", "text": "S\u0302i neniam skribas klare \u2013 She never writes clearly i.e. the look of the text"}, {"text_idx": "#000031", "text": "S\u0302i neniam verkas klare \u2013 She never writes clearly i.e. the expressions she uses"}, {"text_idx": "#000032", "text": "Note: Using the terms skribi for the act of forming the letters and verki for creating the content Esperanto can make the meaning clearer"}, {"text_idx": "#000033", "text": "S\u0302i malofte respondas rapide \u2013 She rarely replies quickly"}, {"text_idx": "#000034", "text": "Li ofte parolas komplike \u2013 He often talks complicatedly."}, {"text_idx": "#000035", "text": "S\u0302i c\u0302iam respondas tuj. -, She always replies straightaway."}, {"text_idx": "#000036", "text": "bele \u2013 beautifully terure \u2013 frightfully kontente \u2013 contentedly varme \u2013 hotly strange \u2013 oddly plene \u2013 fully romantike \u2013 romantically sag\u0302e \u2013 wisely libere \u2013 freely kurag\u0302e \u2013 bravely evidente \u2013 obviously fiere \u2013 proudly g\u0302entile \u2013 politely honteste \u2013 honestly firme \u2013 firmly utile \u2013 usefully forte \u2013 strongly importante \u2013 importantly hejme \u2013 at home rare \u2013 rarely"}, {"text_idx": "#000037", "text": "Note : Without a context the meaning of some English words may be ambiguous. For these exercises the context of the lesson itself should be assumed. As elsewhere bold letters are a reminder of where the stress falls."}, {"text_idx": "#000038", "text": "1. Estas interese, ke Johano estas hejme. \u2013 It is interesting John is at home."}, {"text_idx": "#000039", "text": "2. Strange estas, ke s\u0302i neniam parolis \u2013 It is strange she never spoke."}, {"text_idx": "#000040", "text": "3. Estas bele kus\u0302i apud la maro \u2013 It is beautiful to sit by the sea."}, {"text_idx": "#000041", "text": "4. S\u0302ajnas al mi, ke vi respondis honeste. \u2013 It seems to me he ansered honestly."}, {"text_idx": "#000042", "text": "5. Ne gravas, ke pluvas. Ni restu en la hotelo hodiau\u0306. \u2013 It\u2019s not important that it is raining. Let\u2019s stay in the hotel today."}, {"text_idx": "#000043", "text": "6. Utile estas nag\u0302i bone. It is useful to swim well."}, {"text_idx": "#000044", "text": "H. Kial ne? Mi ne povas kredi, ke vi volas fari absolute nenion hodiau\u0306, ec\u0302 se pluvas forte. C\u0302ar la vetero estas malbona, estus oportune viziti vian patrinon. S\u0302ia domo estas varma kaj seka, ec\u0302 kiam estas malseke ekstere."}, {"text_idx": "#000046", "text": "Lesson 10 New words to add to your word stock"}]