[{"text_idx": "#000001", "text": "(Scroll down for the English version)"}, {"text_idx": "#000002", "text": "O gwmpas y flwyddyn 1621, ac yntau ar y pryd dan glo yng ngharchar Castell Llwydlo, aeth yr ysgrifydd enwog, John Jones o Gellilyfdy, ati i roi trefn ar enwau am bysgod a chregyn y mo\u0302r yr oedd wedi bod yn eu casglu ers dechrau\u2019r ganrif. Diweddarodd y rhestr eto pan oedd yng ngharchar y Fleet yn Llundain yn 1633, gan ychwanegu rhagor o bysgod at ei gasgliad. Mae\u2019r rhestr, a\u2019r wybodaeth a geir ynddi, yn awgrymu bod ganddo gryn ddiddordeb mewn pysgod a\u2019u harferion."}, {"text_idx": "#000003", "text": "Y pysgodyn cyntaf a enwir ganddo yw\u2019r ABAD, a dyma sut y mae\u2019n ei ddisgrifio yn 1621 (fi piau\u2019r atalnodi):"}, {"text_idx": "#000004", "text": "math ar bysc yn y mor ar y sydd ynddo dri rhywogaeth bysc. Y penn blaen iddo sydd asgelloc val morkath, ac a blas morkath arno, ac rhaid yw ei gweirio val morkath y\u2019w vwytta. Y rhan ganol iddo sydd debic i ganol mulwel, ac y sydd a blas mulwel arno, ac a ddylir ei gweirio val mulwel y\u2019w vwyta. A[\u2019r] rhan ol iddo sydd debic i gi glas, ac y sydd a blas ki glas arno ac a ddylir ei gweirio val ki glas y\u2019w vwyta, ac a vag y rai ievaink yn ei groth val moelrhon neu lamhidydd."}, {"text_idx": "#000005", "text": "[cweirio = cyweirio, paratoi; morcath = \u2018skate, ray\u2019; mulwel = penfras, \u2018cod\u2019; ci glas = \u2018dogfish\u2019; moelrhon = morlo; llamhidydd = \u2018porpoise\u2019]"}, {"text_idx": "#000006", "text": "Ychydig dros ganrif yn ddiweddarach, tua dechrau\u2019r 1740au, prynodd Lewis Morris, yr hynafiaethydd o Fo\u0302n, gopi o gyfrol fawr Francis Willughby ar bysgod, De Historia Piscium (1686). Wrth iddo ddarllen drwyddo\u2019n fanwl, ychwanegodd nifer o sylwadau ar y dalennau darluniadol yng nghefn y gyfrol, gan dynnu ar ei wybodaeth ei hun am hanes y pysgod a\u2019u henwau yng Nghymru. O ddiddordeb arbennig yw\u2019r sylw canlynol sydd ganddo ar y ddalen sy\u2019n darlunio\u2019r Squatina Salu:"}, {"text_idx": "#000007", "text": "The Monkfish or Angelfish in wales Called Maelgi. They are found in Plenty about Sarn y Bwch and in Barmouth Bay. They are generally of ye Size of a Man, and are delicious Eating. Said to have 3 sorts of Fish on it, a Ray, a Salmon & a Sturgeon. They have often their Heads above water, and I suppose gave the first rise to ye story of ye Meremaid. They take them in nets with mashes 10 Inches or a foot square."}, {"text_idx": "#000008", "text": "Mae\u2019n debygol iawn mai\u2019r un pysgodyn sydd gan John Jones a Lewis Morris mewn golwg, er nad ydynt yn gwbl gytu\u0302n am union natur y tair rhan \u2013 y naill yn cynnwys morcath, mulwel a chi glas, a\u2019r llall yn cynnwys morcath, eog a stwrsiwn. O ran yr enw Abad y mae John Jones yn ei roi ar y pysgodyn hwn, mae\u2019n ddiddorol bod H. E Forrest, yn ei gyfrol ar The Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales (1907), yn cofnodi\u2019r enw Abbot am yr Angelfish, y Rhina squatina: yr Abad felly."}, {"text_idx": "#000009", "text": "Esbonnir yn yr Oxford English Dictionary (dan y gair monk, n.1), fod yr elfen monk yn digwydd mewn enwau anifeiliaid \u2018whose form suggests the cowled or tonsured figure of a monk\u2019. Mae\u2019n debygol fod yr enw Abad yn cyfleu\u2019r un syniad, ac mae\u2019r llun isod yn sicr yn atgoffa rhywun o abid mynach neu abad, gyda\u2019i lewys llac."}, {"text_idx": "#000014", "text": "The Abbot and the Mermaid"}, {"text_idx": "#000015", "text": "In around 1621, when the eminent Welsh scribe John Jones of Gellilyfdy was incarcerated in Ludlow Castle prison, he decided to sort the names of fish and shellfish that he had been collecting since the beginning of the century. He would update this list again in the Fleet prison, London, in 1633, adding more items to his collection. The list, and the information contained in it, suggests that Jones was particularly interested in fish and their habits."}, {"text_idx": "#000016", "text": "The first fish to be named is the ABAD (\u2018abbot\u2019), and this is how he described it in 1621:"}, {"text_idx": "#000017", "text": "a sort of sea fish that contains three types of fish. The front part has fins similar to a ray, it tastes like a ray, and one must prepare it like a ray for eating. The middle part is similar to the middle of a cod, and it tastes like cod, and needs to be prepared like cod for eating. The rear part is similar to a dogfish and it tastes like a dogfish and needs to be prepared like a dogfish for eating. It nurtures its young in its womb like a seal or a porpoise."}, {"text_idx": "#000018", "text": "Just over a century later, in the early 1740s, the antiquarian Lewis Morris of Anglesey bought a copy of Francis Willughby\u2019s large volume on fish, De Historia Piscium (1686). As he read through it carefully, Morris added notes drawing on his own knowledge of fish in Wales and their Welsh names. These comments are particularly abundant on the pages containing illustrations of fish towards the end of the volume. Of particular interest is the following note he has on the page depicting the Squatina Salu:"}, {"text_idx": "#000019", "text": "It is very likely that John Jones and Lewis Morris both have the same fish in mind, although they are not entirely in agreement about the exact nature of its three parts \u2013 the former\u2019s consisting of a ray, cod and dogfish, and the latter\u2019s of a ray, salmon and sturgeon. As for John Jones\u2019s name for it, Abad, it is interesting that H.E. Forrest, in his volume The Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales (1907), records the name Abbot for the Angelfish or Rhina Squatina."}, {"text_idx": "#000020", "text": "According to the Oxford English Dictionary (under monk, n.1), the element monk is found in the names of animals \u2018whose form suggests the cowled or tonsured figure of a monk\u2019. The word Abbot probably conveyed the same idea, and the image below certainly does remind one of a a habit worn by a monk or an abbot, with its loose sleeves."}, {"text_idx": "#000025", "text": "Buchfrech, y cowpog a\u2019r gwrthfuchfrechwyr"}]