[{"text_idx": "#000025", "text": "Croeso i \u2018Cyflwyno Beirdd Cymru\u2019. Yn yr adnodd hwn byddwch yn dod o hyd i wybodaeth am feirdd sy\u2019n ysgrifennu yn y Gymraeg, neu sydd wedi ysgrifennu am y wlad. Dylanwadwyd ar y beirdd yn y cyflwyniad hwn gan bob agwedd ar Gymru, yn cynnwys traddodiadau barddol Cymraeg, a hanes, tirwedd a diwylliant Cymru. Yma byddwn yn dathlu lleisiau Cymreig, yn cynnwys rhai cyfarwydd, a rhai sy\u2019n llai adnabyddus. Efallai y byddwch yn synnu nad yw rhai enwau cyfarwydd wedi\u2019u cynnwys yn yr adnodd hwn. Roeddwn yn credu ei fod yn bwysig i ddangos yr amrywiaeth sy\u2019n bodoli ym myd barddoniaeth Gymraeg, yn cynnwys y gwahanol arddulliau, o\u2019r traddodiadol i\u2019r arbrofol, sydd wedi bodoli trwy hanes Cymru."}, {"text_idx": "#000026", "text": "Dyma adnodd addysgol rhad ac am ddim, ar gyfer y rhai sydd a\u0302 diddordeb yn y Gymraeg, ac yn hanes a barddoniaeth Cymru. Mae wedi\u2019i ysgrifennu er mwyn helpu pobl i ddysgu am feirdd Cymru yn y ffordd hawsaf posib, ac felly mae\u2019n cynnwys dolenni i lyfrau ac erthyglau. Yngly\u0302n a\u0302\u2019r wybodaeth am bob bardd, mae\u2019r lluniau wedi\u2019u cysylltu a\u0302 gwefannau, ble fyddwch chi\u2019n gallu dod o hyd i rai o\u2019r llyfrau y mae so\u0302n amdanyn nhw yn y cyflwyniad hwn. Mae\u2019r awdur wedi manteisio ar wybodaeth academyddion, haneswyr a beirdd Cymreig blaenllaw wrth greu\u2019r dudalen hon. Ymunwch a\u0302 ni i ymchwilio i feirdd Cymru drwy hanes y wlad ac i ddarganfod pam mai un enw ar Gymru yw Gwlad frwd y beirdd."}, {"text_idx": "#000027", "text": "Welcome to 'Introducing Welsh Poets'. In this resource you can expect to find information about poets who wrote in, or about, Wales. The poets in this introduction have been influenced by all aspects of Wales, including Welsh poetic traditions, Welsh history, landscape and culture. It is time to celebrate Welsh voices from the familiar to the new. It might be surprising that certain household names have not been included in this resource. This is because I thought it was important to explore the diversity within Welsh poetry and the range of styles, from the traditional to the experimental, that is present throughout Welsh history."}, {"text_idx": "#000028", "text": "This is a free educational resource for those interested in Welsh language, history and poetry. It has been written with the intention of making further study of Welsh poets as straightforward as possible, including links to books and articles. The photos that accompany each poet are linked to websites where some of the books mentioned in this introduction can be found. This page has benefited from the knowledge of prominent Welsh academics, historians and poets. Join us in an exploration of Welsh poets throughout Welsh history and discover why Wales is called Gwlad frwd y beirdd."}, {"text_idx": "#000030", "text": "Mae'r eitem hon ar gael i'w lawrlwytho: / This item is available to download:"}, {"text_idx": "#000033", "text": "Dros y canrifoedd, mae\u2019r enw Taliesin wedi\u2019i ramantu, ac mae\u2019r bardd wedi cael ei ddyrchafu i fod yn rhan o fytholeg Cymru. Efallai mai un o straeon mwyaf adnabyddus Cymru yw\u2019r chwedl am sut y daeth Taliesin i fod. Roedd y wrach, Ceridwen, wedi gorchymyn i was ifanc droi diod hud am flwyddyn a diwrnod. Bwriadwyd y ddiod ar gyfer ei mab oedd yn wrthun a diddawn pan gafodd ei eni. Penderfynodd Ceridwen fragu diod i newid ei natur. A\u0302\u2019r ddiod yn barod, tasgodd diferyn ar law'r gwas. Ar unwaith, rhoddodd y bachgen ei law yn ei geg i leddfu\u2019r llosg gan yfed y ddiod a derbyn ei buddion i gyd. Ac felly daeth chwedl Taliesin i fod."}, {"text_idx": "#000034", "text": "Bardd llys cynnar oedd Taliesin. Un o\u2019r Cynfeirdd oedd e, oedd yn weithredol rhwng y 6ed a\u2019r 12fed ganrif, fwy neu lai. Cyfoethog ac amrywiol oedd ro\u0302l y bardd yn yr Oesoedd Canol, yn cynnwys bod yn rhyfelwr, diddanwr, proffwyd, a chroniclydd. Roedd barddoniaeth yn draddodiad llafar, ac ysgrifennwyd fel arfer mewn ffurfiau a mesurau barddol, Cymraeg, sef cerdd dafod a chynghanedd. Un o ddyletswyddau bardd llys oedd ysgrifennu barddoniaeth i ganu clodydd noddwr enwog, fyddai\u2019n aml o dras frenhinol (am fwy o wybodaeth am feirdd Cymraeg yn yr Oesoedd Canol, gweler y cyswllt isod). Roedd Taliesin yn enwog am ei allu i wneud hyn. Ymhlith rhai eraill, ysgrifennodd ddeuddeg o gerddi mawl i\u2019w noddwr, y Brenin Urien Rhedeg a\u2019i fab, Owain."}, {"text_idx": "#000036", "text": "The name Taliesin has been romanticised throughout the centuries and the poet has transcended into myth. The story of how Taliesin came to exist is perhaps one of Wales\u2019 most well-known stories. The witch Ceridwen tasked a serving boy to stir a potion for a year and a day. The potion was intended for her son who had been born grotesque and talentless. Ceridwen decided to brew a potion to alter his nature. Just as the potion was ready, a splash fell on the serving boy's hand. The boy immediately brought his hand to his mouth to ease the burn, consuming the potion and all of its benefits. And so, the legend of Taliesin was born."}, {"text_idx": "#000037", "text": "Taliesin was an early Welsh court poet. He was one of the Y Cynfeirdd or 'The Early Poets' who were active around the 6th to 12th century. The role of the medieval poet was a rich and varied one that included warrior, entertainer, prophet and chronicler. Poetry was an oral tradition that was usually written in Welsh poetic forms and metre or cerdd dafod and cynghanedd. One of the duties of a court poet was to write panegyric verse or poetry written in praise of a celebrated patron, these individuals were often of royal descent (for more information about medieval Welsh poets see the link below). Taliesin was renowned for this ability. Among others, he wrote twelve praise poems for his patron, King Urien Rheged and his son, Owain."}, {"text_idx": "#000038", "text": "Aneirin was one of Taliesin's contemporaries.\nThe name Taliesin means 'radiant brow' or 'shining brow'.\nHanes Taliesin was written in the 16th century by Elis Gruffydd."}, {"text_idx": "#000040", "text": "A lleufer yn eu llygaid."}, {"text_idx": "#000041", "text": "Extract from 'Marwnad Owain ab Urien'"}, {"text_idx": "#000042", "text": "Wide England\u2019s host would sleep\nWith the light in their eyes."}, {"text_idx": "#000049", "text": "Roedd Gwalchmai ap Meilyr yn un o\u2019r cynharaf o Feirdd y Tywysogion neu\u2019r Gogynfeirdd. Hanai o deulu o feirdd proffesiynol o Fo\u0302n (ac fe\u2019i cysylltir yn arbennig a\u0302 Threwalchmai). Bu ei dad, Meilyr Brydydd, yn fardd llys i\u2019r Tywysog Gruffudd ap Cynan (marw 1137). Mae\u2019r cerddi sydd wedi goroesi yn awgrymu cyswllt arbennig rhyngddo a\u2019r Tywysog Owain Gwynedd (marw 1170), mab Gruffudd ap Cynan, yn ogystal a\u0302 brodyr a meibion Owain. Roedd Madog ap Maredudd, tywysog Powys, yntau\u2019n noddwr pwysig iddo, a chyfansoddodd awdl farwnad hir yn dilyn marwolaeth Madog yn 1160. Yn ogystal a\u0302\u2019r cerddi mawl a marwnad traddodiadol, cadwyd ganddo gerddi crefyddol a myfyrgar, a hefyd gerdd Orhoffedd, lle mae\u2019n ymffrostio yn ei alluoedd milwrol ef ei hun a rhai ei noddwr, Owain Gwynedd, ac yn llawenhau yn agweddau ar serch a natur. Cadwyd barddoniaeth Gwalchmai mewn dwy lawysgrif bwysig o\u2019r Oesoedd Canol, sef Llawysgrif Hendregadredd (c.1300) a Llyfr Coch Hergest (c.1400). Gwelir yn llinellau agoriadol ei Orhoffedd y llawenydd personol a\u2019r brwdfrydedd sy\u2019n nodweddu llawer o\u2019i waith."}, {"text_idx": "#000050", "text": "Gwalchmai ap Meilyr was one of the earliest of the Poets of the Princes or Gogynfeirdd. He belonged to a family of professional poets from Anglesey (and is associated in particular with Trewalchmai). His father, Meilyr Brydydd, was the court poet of Prince Gruffudd ap Cynan (died 1137). Gwalchmai\u2019s extant poetry suggests a particularly close relationship with Prince Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), Gruffudd ap Cynan\u2019s son, and Owain\u2019s brothers and sons. Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, to whom he composed a long elegy following his death in 1160, was also an important patron. As well as the traditional eulogies and elegies, Gwalchmai\u2019s repertoire contains religious poems, poems of reflection, and his Gorhoffedd, a \u2018boasting\u2019 poem celebrating his own military exploits as well as those of his patron, Owain Gwynedd, and rejoicing in aspects of love and nature. Gwalchmai\u2019s poetry has survived in two major medieval manuscripts, The Hendregadredd Manuscript (c.1300) and the Red Book of Hergest (c.1400). The opening lines of his Gorhoffedd convey the personal joy and enthusiasm that characterize much of his poetry."}, {"text_idx": "#000052", "text": "Early to rise is the sun in summer which is quickly approaching,\nSweet is the birdsong, splendid and fine is the weather.\nI am a man of magnificent and fearless attributes in battle,\nI am a lion at the front of a regiment, my onslaught is a lightning flash."}, {"text_idx": "#000056", "text": "Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr was one of the twelfth-century Poets of the Princes or Gogynfeirdd. He sang the praises of the most important princes of his age: Madog ap Maredudd of Powys (died 1170), Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), Owain Cyfeiliog (died 1197) and Lord Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth (died 1197). He is the most prolific of all the court poets, 3,847 lines of poetry (in 48 poems) having survived in some major medieval Welsh manuscripts, including The Black Book of Carmarthen (c.1250), The Hendregadredd Manuscript (c.1300) and The Red Book of Hergest (c.1400). His repertoire was vast, and as well as the traditional eulogies and elegies, he composed a long poem for the church of Meifod and its patron saint, Tysilio, religious poems, poems of appeasement, poems of thanks and two love poems. Cynddelw was a master craftsman, and his poetry is characterized by a certain self-confidence and awareness of his high status as he addresses his patron princes. In an awdl for the great Lord Rhys of Deheubarth, he reminds Rhys of their interdependency, neither having a voice, and therefore powerless, without the other (an extract from the poem can be read below)."}, {"text_idx": "#000058", "text": "You without me, you would have no voice,\nMe without you, I have no voice either."}, {"text_idx": "#000062", "text": "Roedd Iolo Goch yn fardd llys yn yr Oesoedd Canol a gafodd ei eni yn Nyffryn Clwyd. Roedd yn ysgrifennu gan ddefnyddio\u2019r traddodiad barddol Cymraeg o gerdd dafod a chynghanedd, ac yn ffafrio\u2019r cywydd. Roedd Iolo\u2019n ysgrifennu yn arddull y Gogynfeirdd, gan ddefnyddio iaith sy\u2019n atgoffa dyn o Gymru hy\u0302n. Ithel ap Robert, archddiacon Llanelwy, teulu\u2019r Tuduriaid o Fo\u0302n, ac Owain Glyndw\u0302r oedd ei noddwyr, a chyrhaeddodd un o\u2019i gerddi ddwylo\u2019r Brenin Edward III Lloegr, hyd yn oed (1347). Dangosodd y gerdd wybodaeth am frwydrau yn Lloegr, Iwerddon, a Ffrainc. Mae\u2019i weithiau eraill yn cynnwys cerddi disgrifiadol, ac roedd un ohonyn nhw\u2019n so\u0302n am neuadd fawr Sycharth, oedd yn gartref i Owain Glyndw\u0302r, yn ogystal a\u0302 cherddi oedd yn ceisio ategu trefn ddwyfol, wleidyddol, a chymdeithasol (Mae\u2019r \u2018Y Llafurwr\u2019 yn enghraifft o hyn). Roedd yn gydoeswr i Dafydd ap Gwilym a Llywelyn Goch Amheurig Hen."}, {"text_idx": "#000063", "text": "Iolo Goch was a medieval court poet who was born in the Vale of Clwyd (his name translates to Iolo the Red). He wrote using the Welsh poetic tradition of cerdd dafod and cynghanedd, favouring the cywydd form. Iolo wrote in the style of the Y Gogynfeirdd, his use of language reminiscent of an older Wales. His patrons were Ithel ap Robert, an archdeacon of St. Asaph, the Tudur family of Anglesey, Owain Glyndw\u0302r and one of his poems even reached the hands of King Edward III of England (1347). The poem displayed a knowledge of battles in England, Ireland and France. His other works include descriptive poems, one of which was about the great hall of Sycharth, home to Owain Glyndw\u0302r, as well as poems that sought to uphold divine, political and social order ('The Labourer\u2019 is an example of this). He was a contemporary of Dafydd ap Gwilym and Llywelyn Goch Amheurig Hen."}, {"text_idx": "#000064", "text": "lle daw beirdd aml, lle da byd;\nGwawr Bowys fawr, beues Faig,"}, {"text_idx": "#000069", "text": "Roedd Gwerful Mechain yn ferch i Hywel Fychan o Fechain ym Mhowys. Roedd ei thad yn aelod o\u2019r teulu Vaughan, ac roedd Gwerful yn meddu ar y breintiau a ddaw o gael ei geni i deulu a\u0302 statws uchel a boheddig. Roedd hi\u2019n fardd canoloesol y mae cryn dipyn o\u2019i gwaith wedi goroesi. Roedd hi hefyd yn fardd arloesol, ac mae hyn i\u2019w weld yn y pynciau ddewisodd hi. Roedd hi\u2019n un o\u2019r beirdd cyntaf i ysgrifennu am gamdriniaeth deuluol; Mae \u2018I\u2019w Gw\u0302r am ei Churo\u2019 yn gerdd deimladwy, gref yn llawn o iaith ddig a delweddaeth llawn egni. Roedd hi\u2019n fardd cynhyrchiol nad oedd wedi\u2019i chyfyngu i un arddull, ond mae\u2019i gwaith yn cynnwys barddoniaeth grefyddol a doniol, a cherddi\u2019n dangos ymwybyddiaeth gymdeithasol. \u2018Cywydd y Cedor\u2019 yw un o\u2019i gweithiau enwocaf. Dyma gerdd sy\u2019n ceryddu\u2019i chymheiriaid gwryw am ganu clodydd corff menyw o\u2019r corun i\u2019r sawdl tra byddan nhw\u2019n anwybyddu un nodwedd ge\u0302l. Cafodd y gerdd ei hysgrifennu mewn ymateb i 'Cywydd y Gal' gan Dafydd ap Gwilym."}, {"text_idx": "#000070", "text": "Roedd Gwerful yn sylwedydd craff ar gymdeithas ganoloesol. Ysgrifennwyd ei cherddi crefyddol, sy\u2019n cydymffurfio a\u0302 moesoldeb caethiwus cymdeithas ganoloesol, yn gaeth, mewn cynghanedd, ond mae rhai o\u2019i cherddi eraill yn fwy rhydd o ran y mesur, yn dangos ei meistrolaeth ar y grefft. Roedd Gwerful yn gydoeswr i Dafydd Llwyd a Llywelyn ap Gutyn, a byddai\u2019n gohebu a\u0302 nhw\u2019n rheolaidd."}, {"text_idx": "#000071", "text": "Gwerful Mechain was the daughter of Hywel Fychan from Mechain, Powys. Her father belonged to the Vaughan family, and Gwerful enjoyed the privileges that being born into a high-status and noble family afforded her. She was a medieval poet with a substantial surviving body of work. She was also an innovative poet which is reflected in her choice of subject matter. She one of the first poets to write about domestic abuse; \u2018To Her Husband for Beating Her\u2019 is a poignant and powerful poem full of enraged language and energetic imagery. She was a prolific poet who was not restricted to one style, her work includes religious, humorous and socially conscious poetry. One of her most well-known works is \u2018Ode to a Vagina\u2019, a poem that chastises her male counterparts for praising a woman\u2019s body from her hair to her feet but ignoring one hidden feature. The poem was written in response to Dafydd ap Gwilym's 'Ode to a Penis' or 'Cywydd y Gal'."}, {"text_idx": "#000072", "text": "Gwerful was a keen observer of medieval society. Her religious poems, which conform to the restrictive morality of medieval society, were written in strict cynghanedd, while some of her other poems had a relaxed attitude towards the metre, displaying her mastery of the craft. Gwerful was a contemporary of Dafydd Llwyd and Llywelyn ap Gutyn, who she corresponded with on a regular basis."}, {"text_idx": "#000082", "text": "Eurig Salisbury a Barry J. Lewis: \"Er mor anghyflawn yw\u2019r darlun ar adegau, eto fe gawn [yn ei waith] gipolwg cyffrous ar Guto mewn lleoliadau arbennig ar adegau arbennig, ac yn raddol fe ddaw i\u2019r amlwg amlinelliad o yrfa bardd ac iddi arwyddoca\u0302d gwir genedlaethol a rhyngwladol.\""}, {"text_idx": "#000083", "text": "Cyfansoddai Guto yn Gymraeg. Cafodd ei eni yn nyffryn Ceiriog a bu\u2019n byw am gyfnod yng Nghroesoswallt, lle cafodd fod yn fwrdais yn gyfnewid am ganu cerdd o fawl i\u2019r dref. Teithiodd Gymru a\u2019r gororau benbaladr, ac fe\u2019i claddwyd yn abaty Glyn-y-groes."}, {"text_idx": "#000084", "text": "Bardd mwyaf y bymthegfed ganrif.\nCymerodd ran fel milwr yn y Rhyfel Can Mlynedd a bu\u2019n dyst i brif ddigwyddiadau Rhyfeloedd y Rhosynnau yng Nghymru.\nCanodd fawl i uchelwyr mwyaf blaenllaw ei ddydd ar hyd a lled Cymru, yn fwyaf nodedig i Syr Wiliam Herbert o Raglan yn ystod ei fuddugoliaethau a\u2019i gwymp yn yr 1460au.\nRoedd yn bennaf gysylltiedig ag abaty Ystrad Fflur, Rhaglan, Croesoswallt (lle bu\u2019n byw fel bwrdais) ac abaty Glyn-y-groes, lle bu farw a lle\u2019i claddwyd."}, {"text_idx": "#000086", "text": "Guto composed in Welsh. He was born in the Ceiriog valley and lived for a time in Oswestry, where he was made a burgess in exchange for composing a poem of praise for the town. He travelled all over Wales and the marches. He was buried in the abbey of Valle Crucis."}, {"text_idx": "#000087", "text": "The greatest poet of the fifteenth century.\nTook part as a soldier in the Hundred Years War and witnessed the most important events of the Wars of the Roses in Wales.\nComposed praise poetry for the leading noblemen of his day in every part of Wales, most notably for Sir William Herbert of Raglan during his spectacular rise and fall in the 1460s.\nPrincipally associated with Strata Florida abbey, Raglan, Oswestry (where he lived as a burgess) and Valle Crucis abbey."}, {"text_idx": "#000090", "text": "'In praise of William Herbert of Raglan, first earl of Pembroke, after the capture of Harlech castle, 1468'"}, {"text_idx": "#000098", "text": "Cafodd Katherine Philips ei geni yn Llundain, ond treuliodd y rhan fwyaf o\u2019i bywyd yng Nghymru. O\u2019i chartref yn Aberteifi ysgrifennodd farddoniaeth a sicrhaodd ei bod yn cael ei chydnabod fel y bardd Prydeinig benyw cyntaf o bwys. Hi oedd y wraig gyntaf hefyd i gael llwyfannu drama\u2019n fasnachol. Roedd hi\u2019n adnabyddus yn ei chyfnod ei hun, ond diflanodd ei gwaith o olwg y byd yn ddiweddarach, a dim ond yn yr 20fed ganrif y sylweddolwyd ei wir werth. Pan ddechreuodd ysgrifenwyr ffeministaidd dynu sylw at ei barddoniaeth cafodd ei harddel fel un o feirdd mwyaf dylanwadol yr iaith Saesneg."}, {"text_idx": "#000099", "text": "Mae llawer o\u2019r drafodaeth ynghylch barddoniaeth Katherine yn canolbwyntio ar ofyn a oedd hi\u2019n lesbiad ai peidio. Y rheswm am hyn yw bod ei gwaith yn ffocysu\u2019n emosiynol ar fenywod, a\u2019r perthnasoedd nwydwyllt yr oedd hi\u2019n eu cael a\u0302 nhw. Ni waeth beth fo rhywioldeb Katherine dyma\u2019r cerddi Prydeinig cyntaf sy\u2019n mynegi cariad rhwng dwy fenyw."}, {"text_idx": "#000100", "text": "Katherine Philips was born in London, but spent most of her life in Wales. From her home in Cardigan she was to write poetry that marked her out as the first significant female British poet, as well as the first woman to have a commercial play staged. Well-known in her own time she fell into obscurity and it was not until the late 20th century that her true worth was realised. When feminist writers began to highlight her poetry she was finally acknowledged as one of the most influential women poets in the English language."}, {"text_idx": "#000101", "text": "Much discussion around Katherine\u2019s poetry and life concentrates on whether she was or was not a lesbian. For the emotional focus of her poetry was on women and the passionate relationships she had with them. Regardless of Katherine\u2019s own sexual orientation they are the first British poems which express same-sex love between women."}, {"text_idx": "#000109", "text": "Norena Shopland has a Master\u2019s degree in heritage studies and has worked with leading heritage organisations including National Museums Wales, Glamorgan Archives and Cardiff Story Museum. She has extensively researched the heritage of LGBT people and issues in Wales for 15 years. She devised the first project in Wales to look at placing sexual orientation and gender identity into Welsh history, culminating in the Welsh Pride, the first exhibition exclusively on Welsh LGBT people, allies and events, and managed Gender Fluidity, the first funded transgender project in Wales. Norena arranged for Gillian Clarke to write the first poem in the world by a national or poet laureate celebrating the LGBT people of a country. NorenaShopland"}, {"text_idx": "#000111", "text": "Un o\u2019r beirdd olaf i ennill ei fywoliaeth yn canu cerddi i bobl yn ei gymuned.\nGwnaeth ddefnydd arloesol o\u2019r gynghanedd ar fesurau rhydd newydd.\nCanodd gerddi i fwy nag un haen yn y gymdeithas, o\u2019r tlawd i\u2019r mwyaf cefnog.\nThomas Parry: \u2018Y mwyaf toreithiog, ac ar lawer ystyr y gloywaf ei ddawn o feirdd [yr ail ganrif ar bymtheg] ... un o brif feirdd Cymru.\u2019"}, {"text_idx": "#000112", "text": "Huw Morys composed in Welsh and he is considered to be the greatest poet of the 16th century. He lived at Pont-y-meibion farmhouse near Pandy in the Ceiriog valley. He was buried in Llansilin church, where he served as a warden."}, {"text_idx": "#000113", "text": "He was one of the last poets to earn a living composing poetry for his community.\nHe made innovative use of \u2018cynghanedd\u2019 in new free metres.\nHe composed poetry for all levels in society, from the poor to the wealthy.\nThomas Parry: \"the most prolific and in many ways the brightest bardic talent of the seventeenth century \u2013 one of the great Welsh poet.\""}, {"text_idx": "#000114", "text": "Darn oddi wrth \u2018Codi Nant-y-cwm\u2019 (gofyn i grefftwyr adeiladu ty\u0302 i dlodion)"}, {"text_idx": "#000116", "text": "Extract from \u2018To build Nant-y-cwm\u2019 (request for craftsmen to build a house for the poor)"}, {"text_idx": "#000121", "text": "Pan fu farw Sarah Jane Rees ym 1916, dywedodd yr ysgrif goffa yn y Carmarthen Journal y canlynol: \u201cGall dyn honni\u2019n ddiogel nad yw\u2019r un Gymraes arall wedi bod mor boblogaidd mewn cymaint o feysydd cyhoeddus ag oedd Cranogwen.\u201d"}, {"text_idx": "#000122", "text": "Cranogwen oedd yr enw barddol a ddaeth ag enwogrwydd Sarah \u2013 mae\u2019n gyfuniad o ddau air: Sant Crannog, yr enwyd Llangrannog ar ei o\u0302l, a Nant Hawen, yr afon leol \u2013 ac yn wir llwyddodd hi i wneud nifer fawr o bethau yn ystod ei bywyd. Roedd hi\u2019n forwr, athro, bardd arobryn, ysgrifennwr a golygydd, a phregethwr lleyg. Yn ystod ei hoes, gwnaeth gryn dipyn i hyrwyddo ysgrifenwyr benyw yng Nghymru, ond nad ydym yn gwybod llawer amdani heddiw."}, {"text_idx": "#000123", "text": "Trwy ei hysgrifennu y daeth Cranogwen yn enwog, dros nos, bron. Yn 1865, cystadlodd yn yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, y digwyddiad cymdeithasol hwnnw sy\u2019n Gymraeg i\u2019r gwraidd. Yn y Brifwyl yn Aberystwyth, cyflwynodd gerdd o\u2019r enw \u2018Y Fodrwy Briodasol\u2019. Rhaid i bob awdur ddewis ffugenw, ac felly pan ddaeth i\u2019r golwg mai menyw oedd wedi ennill, roedd pawb yn synnu. Roedd hi wedi bod yn cystadlu yn erbyn ysgrifenwyr gwryw enwog a chydnabyddedig."}, {"text_idx": "#000125", "text": "Cranogwen was the bardic name for which Sarah was to become famous - a combination of Saint Cranog after whom Llangrannog was named and Hawen the local river, and she certainly covered a lot of ground in her life. She was a sailor, teacher, award winning poet, writer and editor and lay preacher. In her time she did an enormous amount for the advancement of Welsh women writers but today is little known."}, {"text_idx": "#000126", "text": "It was through her writing that Cranogwen became a celebrity almost overnight. In 1865 she entered that quintessentially Welsh cultural event, the Eisteddfod. At the nationals in Aberystwyth she entered a poem \u2018Y Fodrwy Briodasol\u2019 ('The Wedding Ring'). All entries are anonymous and so when it was revealed a woman had won there was genuine shock. She had been competing against established and renowned male writers."}, {"text_idx": "#000127", "text": "Darn oddi wrth 'Fy Ffrynd'"}, {"text_idx": "#000129", "text": "Oh! My dear sister, you to me\nAs the moon to the sea, constantly,"}, {"text_idx": "#000135", "text": "Cymerodd ei enw barddol o afon yn llifo\u2019n agos i\u2019w gartre\u2019, Afon Ceiriog. Teitl ei gasgliad cyntaf o farddoniaeth, wedi\u2019i gyhoeddi yn 1860, oedd 'Oriau\u2019r Hwyr' ('Evening Hours'). Dylanwadwyd ar ei waith gan y Gymru wledig, a chan berseinedd barddoniaeth ac alawon gwerin Cymraeg, yn enwedig y rhai a oedd yn deffro atgofion bore oes."}, {"text_idx": "#000136", "text": "Yn ystod y cyfnod a dreuliodd yn Lloegr, dylanwadwyd ar Ceiriog gan y Cymry John Hughes, R.J. Derfel ac Idris Fychan, oedd yn aelodau o gymdeithas lenyddol. Roedd Idris Fychan yn arfer canu\u2019r delyn, offeryn cerdd traddodiadol oedd yn cael ei ddefnyddio i gyfeilio i farddoniaeth Gymraeg ganoloesol. Roedd R.J. Derfel yn gefnogwr pybyr o hanes, iaith a diwylliant Cymru. Mae\u2019u dylanwad i\u2019w gweld yn y llyfr 'Cant o Ganeuon: Yn Cynwys, Y Gyfres Gyntaf o Eiriau ar Alawon Cymreig', y gyntaf o bedair cyfrol (y cyhoeddwyd dim ond un ohonyn nhw)."}, {"text_idx": "#000137", "text": "O bryd i\u2019w gilydd, cyfeirir ato fel \u2018Robert Burns barddoniaeth Gymraeg\u2019.\nCafodd ei hudo gan ganeuon gwerin Cymraeg, ac ysgrifennodd gerddi telynegol yn dilyn eu rhythm. Mae\u2019r rhain yn cynnwys 'Dafydd y Garreg Wen'."}, {"text_idx": "#000138", "text": "John Ceiriog Hughes was born on a farm overlooking the village of Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog in North-East Wales. He left for Manchester in 1849 where he worked as a railway manager between Manchester and London. Shortly after he took a job as a clerk in London. In later life, he moved to Caersws railway station where he worked until his death."}, {"text_idx": "#000139", "text": "He took his bardic name from a river that ran close to his home, the River Ceiriog. His first collection of poetry, published in 1860, was called 'Evening Hours' or 'Oriau\u2019r Hwyr'. His work was influenced by rural Wales and the musicality of Welsh poetry and folk tunes, particularly those that invoked memories of childhood."}, {"text_idx": "#000140", "text": "During his time in England, Ceiriog was influenced by Welshmen John Hughes, R.J.Derfel and Idris Fychan who were members of a literary society. Idris Fychan played the harp, a traditional instrument used to accompany medieval Welsh poetry. R.J.Derfel was a staunch promoter of Welsh history, language and culture. Their influence can be seen in 'Cant o Ganeuon: Yn Cynwys, Y Gyfres Gyntaf o Eiriau ar Alawon Cymreig', the first of four volumes (only one of which was published)."}, {"text_idx": "#000141", "text": "He is sometimes referred to as 'the Robert Burns of Welsh poetry'.\nHe was fascinated by Welsh folk songs and wrote lyrical poems to their rhythm. These included 'David of the White Rock' or 'Dafydd y Garreg Wen'."}, {"text_idx": "#000146", "text": "Cafodd T.H. Parry-Williams ei eni yn Rhyd-Ddu, Eryri, a daeth o deulu o lenorion. Roedd ei dad, Henry Parry-Williams, wedi ennill clod yn yr Eisteddfod, ac roedd Ann, ei fam, yn chwaer i gynganeddwr uchel ei fri. Bardd adnabyddus ledled Cymru hefyd oedd R.Williams Parry, ac roedd yntau\u2019n gefnder i T.H. Parry-Williams."}, {"text_idx": "#000148", "text": "Ysgrifennodd erthyglau academaidd, a daeth yn ffigwr adnabyddus ar y teledu a\u2019r radio. Roedd e\u2019n arfer chwarae rhan weithredol mewn cymdeithasau Cymraeg eu hiaith, yn cynnwys Llys yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, ac Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion. Cafodd T.H. Parry-Williams ei urddo\u2019n farchog ym 1958."}, {"text_idx": "#000149", "text": "Fel plentyn ysgol, dechreuodd ysgrifennu dyddiadur manwl, arfer y daliodd ato weddill ei oes.\nRoedd yn wrthwynebwr cydwybodol yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd a chyhoeddodd gerddi yn y cylchgrawn heddychol, 'Y Deyrnas'.\nYsgrifennodd mewn cwpledi sy\u2019n odli, ac ar ffurf soned.\nTeithiodd yn eang; astudiodd ym Mhrifysgol Freiburg (yr Almaen), ac aeth e i Ogledd a De America, ymhlith mannau eraill."}, {"text_idx": "#000150", "text": "T.H.Parry-Williams was born in Rhyd-Ddu, Snowdonia. He came from a literary family. Henry Parry-Williams, his father, had been successful in the Eisteddfod and Ann, his mother, was the sibling of a celebrated strict metre poet. T.H Parry-Williams\u2019 first cousin, R. Parry-Williams, was also a well-known poet in Wales."}, {"text_idx": "#000151", "text": "T.H Parry-Williams attended The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where he later became a professor. He went on to attend Jesus College Oxford in 1909 studying English loan words in Welsh. This research was published in 1923 titled 'The English Element in Welsh'. His first volume of poetry, 'Cerddi', wasn\u2019t published until 1931. A further six volumes of poems and essays make up the main body of his creative work, 'Olion' (1935), 'Lloffion' (1942), 'O'r Pedwar Gwynt' (1944), 'Ugain o Gerddi' (1949), 'Myfyrdodau' (1957) and 'Pensynnu' (1966). The essays were collected in 'Casgliad o Ysgrifau' in 1984, and the poems in 'Casgliad o Gerddi' three years later."}, {"text_idx": "#000152", "text": "He wrote scholarly articles and became a well-known figure on television and radio. He was active in Welsh societies including the Court of the National Eisteddfod and The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion. T.H Parry-Williams was knighted in 1958."}, {"text_idx": "#000153", "text": "As a schoolboy he started a detailed diary. A habit that he kept until his death.\nHe was a conscientious objector during WWII and published poems in the pacifist journal, 'Y Deyrnas'.\nHe wrote in rhyming couplets and sonnets.\nHe was well-travelled having studied in Freiburg University (Germany) and travelled to South and North America, among others."}, {"text_idx": "#000154", "text": "Beth yw\u2019r ots gennyf i am Gymru? Damwain a hap\nYw fy mod yn ei libart yn byw. Nid yw hon ar fap\nYn ddim byd ond cilcyn o ddaear mewn cilfach gefn,\nAc yn dipyn o boendod i\u2019r rhai sy\u2019n credu mewn trefn."}, {"text_idx": "#000155", "text": "What do I care about Wales? It is just fluke and accident\nThat I live within her confines. She is no more on a map\nThan a small patch of land in the back end of beyond.\nAnd a bit of a pain to those who believe in order."}, {"text_idx": "#000160", "text": "Ysgrifennodd Lynette Roberts am fywyd pentrefyn Llanybri, yn cynnwys y bobl oedd yn byw ac yn gweithio yn y pentref. Mae\u2019r pynciau yn ei cherddi\u2019n cynnwys erthyliad a byd natur. Roedd ganddi ddiddordeb neilltuol mewn adar. Dylanwadwyd arni hi gan draddodiadau barddol Cymraeg, ac roedd hi\u2019n eu defnyddio i fynegi\u2019i phrofiadau ynghylch byw ar ffiniau pentref Cymraeg traddodiadol. Ym 1944, ysgrifennodd draethawd byr o\u2019r enw \u2018Village Dialect\u2019 oedd yn mynegi\u2019r brwdfrydedd hwn. Roedd arddull ei hysgrifennu\u2019n arloesol, a dim ond yn ddiweddar y mae\u2019i gwaith wedi derbyn y gydnabyddiaeth y mae\u2019n ei haeddu. Mae barddoniaeth Lynette yn tynnu ar brofiad synhwyraidd dwys i ddangos bywyd yn y Gymru wledig yn ystod y cyfnod o ddatblygu technegol sylweddol a ddigwyddodd yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Gellir gweld esiampl o\u2019r arddull hon yn \u2018Air Raid on Swansea\u2019 (1941). Mae\u2019r gerdd yn cyfuno\u2019i hiaith fywiog a\u0302\u2019r arswyd technegol oedd wedi tarfu ar gefn gwlad llonydd Cymru."}, {"text_idx": "#000161", "text": "Roedd Lynette Roberts a Robert Graves yn gohebu gyda\u2019i gilydd. Yn aml byddai\u2019r naill yn helpu\u2019r llall i ddatblygu syniadau a cherddi. Roedd hi\u2019n arfer ysgrifennu llythyrau personol a phreifat at y bardd Alun Lewis. Mae 'Poem from Llanybri' (1944) yn gwahodd Alun Lewis i ymweld a\u0302 hi yn ei chartref yn Llanybri. Roedd hi\u2019n ffrind i Elizabeth Sitwell, Vernon Watkins, a beirdd enwog o Gymru oedd yn ffynnu yn yr 20fed ganrif."}, {"text_idx": "#000162", "text": "Dylan Thomas oedd y gwas yn ei phriodas . Diddymwyd ei phriodas ym 1948.\nYn hwyrach yn ei hoes, ymunodd a\u0302 Thystion Jehofa.\nYm 1956, torrodd ei nerfau, a threuliodd gyfnodau mewn ysbytai meddwl."}, {"text_idx": "#000164", "text": "Lynette Roberts wrote about village life in Llanybri, including the people who lived and worked in the village. The subjects of her poetry include miscarriage and the natural world. She was particularly interested in birds. She was influenced by Welsh poetic traditions and used them to express her experiences of living on the borders of a traditional Welsh village. In 1944, she wrote a short essay called 'Village Dialect' that expressed this enthusiasm. Her writing style was innovative and it is only recently that she has begun to receive the recognition that her work deserves. Lynette's poetry draws on an intense sensory experience to depict life in rural Wales during the technological burst that occurred during WWII. An example of this style can be seen in 'Air Raid on Swansea' (1941). The poem fuses her vibrant use of language with the technological terror that had descended upon the quiet countryside of Wales."}, {"text_idx": "#000165", "text": "Lynette Roberts and Robert Graves exchanged correspondence, often assisting each other with the development of ideas and poems. She held an intimate correspondence with poet, Alun Lewis. 'Poem from Llanybri' (1944) is an invitation to Alun Lewis to visit her at home in Llanybri. She was friends with Elizabeth Sitwell, Vernon Watkins and other notable Welsh poets of the 20th century."}, {"text_idx": "#000166", "text": "Dylan Thomas was best man at her wedding. Her marriage dissolved in 1948.\nIn later life she became a Jehovah\u2019s Witness.\nIn 1956 she suffered a mental breakdown and spent time in mental institutes."}, {"text_idx": "#000167", "text": "Extract from 'Poem from Llanybri'"}, {"text_idx": "#000168", "text": "Then I'll do the lights, fill the lamp with oil,\nGet coal from the shed, water from the well;\nPluck and draw pigeon, with crop of green foil\nThis your good supper from the lime-tree fell."}, {"text_idx": "#000174", "text": "Wedi ei geni a\u2019i magu yng Nghaerdydd, mae gwreiddiau teuluol Mererid Hopwood yn Sir Benfro. Wedi cael ei haddysg yn Ysgol uwchradd Llanhari ac yna ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth, aeth ymlaen i ddatblygu gyrfa fel ieithydd dawnus sy\u2019n arbenigo mewn Sbaeneg ac Almaeneg. Yng nghanol y 1990au, gan dynnu ar ei dawn fel ieithydd, dysgodd gynganeddu mewn gwersi a sefydlwyd gan y Prifardd Tudur Dylan a Geraint Roberts, Ysgol Farddol Caerfyrddin."}, {"text_idx": "#000175", "text": "Yn ddigon buan daeth yn agos at gipio\u2019r Gadair yn Eisteddfod Ynys Mo\u0302n, 1999 cyn mynd ymlaen i\u2019w hennill yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Dinbych, 2001 \u2013 y fenyw gyntaf erioed i gyflawni\u2019r gamp. Canodd awdl oedd yn trin deunydd na fu canu arno cynt yn hanes wrywaidd cystadleuaeth y gadair, sef y pwnc o feichiogi, geni babi ac yna\u2019r brofedigaeth yn sgil colli\u2019r plentyn. Aeth ymlaen wedyn i dorri record arall, drwy fod y fenwy gyntaf i wneud y trebl, sef ennill y Gadair, y Goron a\u2019r Fedal Ryddiaith."}, {"text_idx": "#000176", "text": "\u201cYn y darn rhwng gwyn a du"}, {"text_idx": "#000177", "text": "Mae Mererid, trwy ei gwaith fel academydd, darlledwr, Prifardd ac awdur wedi dod yn enw cyfarwydd i gynulleidfaoedd yng Nghymru a thu hwnt. Mae\u2019r Prifardd Alan Llwyd wedi so\u0302n am bwysigrwydd Symlder Dyfnder mewn mynegiant barddol ac mae canu Mererid yn ymgorffori\u2019r cysyniad hwn gyda\u2019i cherddi sydd ar y cyfan yn ddealladwy o\u2019r darlleniad cyntaf gan lwyddo i gynnwys dyfnder athronyddol. Mae\u2019n aelod disglair o staff Prifysgol Cymru Dewi Sant, wedi cyhoeddi nifer o lyfrau i blant a hefyd yn gwneud argraff yn ddiweddar gyda phrosiectau mawrion fel y gwaith comisiwn, Cantata Memoria, a grewyd ar y cyd gyda Karl Jenkins i gofio trychineb Aberfan, a\u2019r sioe Eisteddfodol gyda Robert Arwyn a Bryn Terfel, i gofio Paul Robeson, \u2018Hwn Yw Fy Mrawd\u2019."}, {"text_idx": "#000178", "text": "Mae Mererid Hopwood hefyd yn aelod blaenllaw o Gymdeithas y Cymod ac yn ymgyrchu\u2019n angerddol dros heddwch."}, {"text_idx": "#000180", "text": "Although born and brought up in Cardiff, Mererid Hopwood\u2019s family roots are in Pembrokeshire. Having been educated in Llanhari secondary school and then in Aberystwyth University, she went on to pursue a career as a talented linguist specialising in Spanish and German. In the mid-1990s, drawing on her linguistic skill, she learned to fashion cynghanedd in classes established by the Chief-bard Tudur Dylan and Geraint Roberts, of Carmarthen Bardic School."}, {"text_idx": "#000181", "text": "Soon enough she came close to seizing the Chair in the Anglesey Eisteddfod in 1999, before going on to win it in the Denbigh National Eisteddfod in 2001 \u2013 the first ever woman to achieve the feat. She composed an awdl (that is, an ode in strict metre), dealing with material that had not been touched upon previously in the masculine history of the chair competition, namely the topic of pregnancy, giving birth to a baby, and then the bereavement in the wake of losing the child. She then went on to break another record, by being the first woman to \u201cwin the triple\u201d namely to win the Chair, the Crown, and the Prose Medal."}, {"text_idx": "#000182", "text": "\u201cIn the spot between white and black\nAre the buds of all imagining.\u201d"}, {"text_idx": "#000183", "text": "Mererid, through her work as academic, broadcaster, Chief-bard and author, has become a familiar name to audiences in Wales and beyond. The Chief-bard Alan Llwyd has talked about the importance of the Simplicity of Depth in poetic expression, and Mererid\u2019s composition embodies this concept in her poems which on the whole are comprehensible on the first reading, succeeding to contain philosophical depth. She is a dazzling member of staff at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David, having published a number of books for children, who is also making an impression lately with big projects such as the commissioned work, Cantata Memoria, which was created jointly with Karl Jenkins to commemorate the Aberfan disaster, and the Eisteddfod show with Robert Arwyn and Bryn Terfel, to commemorate Paul Robeson, \u2018Hwn Yw Fy Mrawd\u2019 (\u2018This Is My Brother\u2019)."}, {"text_idx": "#000184", "text": "Mererid Hopwood is also a leading member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (Cymdeithas y Cymod), and campaigns passionately for peace."}, {"text_idx": "#000186", "text": "Darn oddi wrth 'Ni W\u0302yr Neb'"}, {"text_idx": "#000188", "text": "Extract from Ni W\u0302yr Neb'"}, {"text_idx": "#000189", "text": "No one knows what colour the night is\nTo others, and however close they come\nNo two can ever agree on what precise light"}, {"text_idx": "#000196", "text": "Cafodd Twm Morys ei eni yn Rhydychen, addysgwyd ef yn Aberhonddu ac Aberystwyth, ac mae\u2019n gallu honni hawl ar sawl man. Mae wedi teithio\u2019n helaeth ond mae\u2019i galon a\u2019i enaid yn perthyn i Eifionydd."}, {"text_idx": "#000197", "text": "Nag ar y daith i Gaerdydd.\u201d"}, {"text_idx": "#000198", "text": "Mab i\u2019r ysgrifennwr teithio adnabyddus Jan Morris yw Twm, a dechreuodd ei yrfa broffesiynol yn gweithio am gyfnod byr fel ymchwilydd i BBC Cymru. Yn fuan, dechreuodd ddatblygu ei yrfa greadigol ei hunan, wrth ennill clod trwy sefydlu\u2019i fand gwerin-roc, 'Bob Delyn a\u2019r Ebillion', ef yw\u2019r prif gyfansoddwr a chanwr, ac mae hefyd yn canu\u2019r delyn ac offerynnau eraill. Dysgodd Morys sut i gynganeddu yn Ysgol Uwchradd Aberhonddu, ac mae\u2019i feistrolaeth ar y ffurf gelfyddydol hon, ynghyd a\u0302\u2019i steil llafar naturiol, yn gwneud i\u2019w ysgrifennu deimlo\u2019n gyfoes, ond eto, yn dragwyddol o glasurol mewn ffordd unigryw."}, {"text_idx": "#000199", "text": "Mae\u2019n gallu siarad Llydaweg yn rhugl, ac roedd yn byw yn Llydaw pan gyhoeddodd ei gyfrol gyntaf o farddoniaeth, \u2018Ofn fy het\u2019. Ar o\u0302l dychwelyd i Gymru, daeth yn aelod blaengar o grw\u0302p o feirdd a deithiodd o gwmpas Cymru i berfformio\u2019u gwaith, a threfnodd ddigwyddiadau barddoniaeth fyw oedd yn boblogaidd yn y 1990au. Roedd y grw\u0302p yn cynnwys Myrddin ap Dafydd, Iwan Llwyd, Ifor ap Glyn, Meirion Macintyre Huws a Geraint Lovgreen, ymhlith rhai eraill. Yn y 1990au hwyr, aeth i deithio o gwmpas De America a pherfformio\u2019i farddoniaeth, gyda ffrind a chyd-Brifardd, y diweddar Iwan Llwyd. O ganlyniad, cyhoeddwyd \u2018Eldorado\u2019, fel casgliad o farddoniaeth, a rhaglen ddogfen ar S4C yn cynnwys perfformiadau o\u2019r cerddi ar hyd y daith. Mae Morys wedi cymryd rhan mewn llawer o Ymrysonau yn yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, ac wedi bod yn aelod o sawl ti\u0302m sy\u2019n cystadlu yn Nhalwrn y Beirdd."}, {"text_idx": "#000200", "text": "Mae Morys yn gyflwynydd profiadol ar Deledu a Radio, ac wedi cyflwyno rhaglen ddogfen ar Radio 4 am gynghanedd yn ddiweddar, \u2018To Rhyme and Chime for a Chair\u2019. Mae wedi cyfieithu a lleisio rhaglen am Ryfel Fietnam i S4C."}, {"text_idx": "#000204", "text": "Poet, singer, musician, broadcaster, linguist, editor."}, {"text_idx": "#000205", "text": "Twm Morys was born in Oxford, educated in Brecon and Aberystwyth, and he can lay claim to many a place. He has travelled far and wide but his heart and soul belongs to Eifionydd."}, {"text_idx": "#000206", "text": "The son of the heralded travel writer, Jan Morris, he started his professional career with a brief spell as a researcher for BBC Cymru. Twm Morys soon began to forge his own creative career and making a name for himself by starting his folk-rock band, 'Bob Delyn a\u2019r Ebillion' in which he is the principal composer, singer, and also plays the harp and other instruments. Having learned how to write in cynghanedd in Brecon High School, Morys\u2019 mastery of the art form coupled with his natural and oral style makes his writing contemporary, yet timelessly classical in a unique way."}, {"text_idx": "#000207", "text": "A fluent Breton speaker, he was living in Brittany when he published his first volume of poetry, \u2018Ofn fy het\u2019. Having returned to Wales he became a prominent member of a group of poets that went on poetry tours of Wales and organised live poetry events that were popular in the 1990s. The group included Myrddin ap Dafydd, Iwan Llwyd, Ifor ap Glyn, Meirion Macintyre Huws and Geraint Lovgreen, amongst others. In the late 90s he embarked on a poetic tour of South America with fellow Prifardd and Friend, the late Iwan Llwyd. The result, 'Eldorado' was published as a collection of poetry and as a documentary for S4C containing performances of many poems along the way. Morys has also taken part in many an Ymryson in the National Eisteddfod and has been in various Talwrn y Beirdd teams."}, {"text_idx": "#000208", "text": "An experienced presenter on TV and Radio, Morys has most recently presented a documentary on Radio 4 about cynghanedd, \u2018To Rhyme and Chime for a Chair\u2019 and has translated and voiced a programme on the Vietnam War for S4C."}, {"text_idx": "#000211", "text": "Darn oddi wrth 'Dod Adre'"}, {"text_idx": "#000220", "text": "Mae gan Natalie ymwybyddiaeth gymdeithasol gref ac mae\u2019n defnyddio ei barddoniaeth i gyfathrebu a\u0302\u2019i darllenwyr am bynciau pwysig nad ydyn nhw\u2019n cael eu trafod yn aml, gan ddefnyddio iaith glir a gonest. Mae hi\u2019n ysgrifennu am ei phrofiadau\u2019n byw gyda Diabetes Math 1, bywyd cartref, a pherthnasau teuluol. Mae\u2019i harddull farddol yn gadael argraff ddofn, a bydd y delweddau y mae\u2019n eu creu\u2019n aros yn hir yn y cof ar o\u0302l i chi daro arnyn nhw. Mae\u2019i harddull ysgrifennu\u2019n fywiog a chyffrous, ac mae ar bob tudalen ddelweddau afluniedig o realiti sy\u2019n farddoniaeth athrylithgar."}, {"text_idx": "#000221", "text": "\u201cGwae i\u2019r sawl a ddaw i\u2019r casgliad hwn heb fod wedi rhagweld nad anorthrech mohonom ni, ac yn wir, mai marwol ydym ni i gyd, heb os. Byddwch chi\u2019n gadael, o leiaf, wedi cael eich argyhoeddi o\u2019r ffaith (brinnach) nad oes rhaid i ddyn esgus ei fod yn anfarwol, ychwaith. Cyflwyniad ysblennydd o brofiad dynol ydyw, sy\u2019n onest ac emosiynol, yn llawn atalfeydd a cholled a dryswch a chariad. Ai wedi ceisio cyrraedd y lleuad y mae Holborow? Ie, ac mae hi wedi glanio, crwydro dros ei wyneb, plymio i\u2019r craterau, a hel coflaid o se\u0302r wrth fod i fyny yno.\u201d Wales Arts Review (gweler y dolenni isod)."}, {"text_idx": "#000224", "text": "Natalie is a socially conscious writer and she uses poetry to engage with her readers about important issues that are rarely discussed, and she does so using open and honest language. She writes about her experiences of living with Type 1 Diabetes, domestic life and familial relationships. Her poetic style leaves a deep impression and the images created echo long after reading. Her writing style is refreshing and exciting, every page is a distorted reality of poetical brilliance."}, {"text_idx": "#000225", "text": "\u201cWoe betide anyone who comes to this collection without the foresight that we\u2019re not invincible and are indeed very much mortal. You\u2019ll leave, at least, with the (rarer) conviction that nor do we need to pretend we are. It\u2019s an honest, moving panoply of human experience, full of hiccups and loss and confusion and love. Shoot for the moon? Holborow has landed, roamed its face, dipped into the craters, and gathered an armful of stars while up there.\u201d Wales Arts Review (see links below)."}, {"text_idx": "#000234", "text": "Byddai\u2019n bosibl i fi ddal ati i restru\u2019r geiriau sy\u2019n codi yn fy meddwl pan fydda i\u2019n meddwl am Gymru a\u2019i chynhyrchion barddol cyfoethog; rydym yn adnabyddus am ein canu, ein hysbryd, ein synnwyr o gymuned."}, {"text_idx": "#000235", "text": "A dyna pam y byddai\u2019n afresymol ystyried beirdd cyfoes Cymru heb grybwyll Sophie McKeand, sy\u2019n fardd arobryn ac awdur Ieuenctid Cymru. Mae\u2019r cerddi yn 'Rebel Sun' yn fflachio ar draws y dudalen, fel nentydd yn llawn breuddwydion hylifol, sydd wedyn yn ffrwydro\u2019n ddisyfyd o\u2019r dyfroedd aflonydd fel haid o ddrudwyod yn crafangu\u2019u ffordd i ganmol yr Haul Heriol ym mhob un ohonom ni."}, {"text_idx": "#000236", "text": "Ond eto i gyd, mae clywed gwaith McKeand, yn llawn cryfder a pherseinedd syfrdanol wrth iddo gael ei ddarllen yn uchel, yn dyrchafu\u2019r cerddi nes eu bod nhw\u2019n dod yn rhywbeth mwy na geiriau\u2019n unig: dyma gerddi sy\u2019n gyforiog o nerth, o ymdrech, am y llais unigol ym mhob grw\u0302p sy\u2019n llwyddo i gael ei glywed, o\u2019r diwedd."}, {"text_idx": "#000237", "text": "Mae Sophie McKeand yn defnyddio\u2019i geiriau i\u2019n golchi ni a\u0302 golau\u2019r Rebel Sun sy\u2019n bresennol ym mhob un ohonom ni \u2013 a dyna pam roedd ei ro\u0302l fel Awdur Ieuenctid Cymru (2016 \u2013 2018) mor bwysig i oleuo llwybr i do newydd o feirdd. Mae McKeand yn enaid o Gymru\u2019n teithio\u2019r byd yn ei fan, sy\u2019n ein dysgu nid dim ond i werthfawrogi\u2019n gwreiddiau ni yng Nghymru, ond hefyd, i dyfu fel blagur, ymledu fel blodau gwylltion, ac anturio drwy\u2019r byd ehangach sy\u2019n aros o\u2019n cwmpas ni."}, {"text_idx": "#000239", "text": "I could go on listing the words that spring to mind when I think about Wales and its rich poetic offerings; we are known for our song, our soul, our sense of community."}, {"text_idx": "#000240", "text": "Which is why it would be absurd to consider the contemporary poets of Wales without giving a mention to Sophie McKeand, award-winning poet and Young People\u2019s Laureate for Wales (2016-2018). On the page, the poems in 'Rebel Sun' hiss along the page like streams in their dreamlike fluidity, only to burst like a sudden flush of starlings, grasping out of the tumbling waters to praise the Rebel Sun in all of us."}, {"text_idx": "#000241", "text": "Yet, hearing McKeand\u2019s work aloud, in all its startling musicality and power, elevate the poems into something more than mere words: these are poems of power, of action, of the individual voice in every group, finally making itself heard."}, {"text_idx": "#000242", "text": "Sophie McKeand uses her words to wash us with the light of the Rebel Sun present in all of us \u2013 which is why her role as Young People\u2019s Laureate of Wales (2016-2018) was so vital to lighting the way for a future generation of poets. A Welsh soul travelling the world in her van, McKeand teaches us not only to appreciate our Welsh roots, but to grow like shoots, spread like wildflowers, and explore the wider world waiting all around us."}, {"text_idx": "#000252", "text": "Y diweddaraf oddi wrth Cyflwyno Barddoniaeth"}, {"text_idx": "#000254", "text": "Mae cymuned fawr Gymraeg ei hiaith ar Drydar, ac mae ysmaliwr newydd"}, {"text_idx": "#000256", "text": "Mae Patrick Jemmer wedi dod yn hyfedr yn yr iaith, ac wedi"}, {"text_idx": "#000258", "text": "Mae Bragdy\u2019r Beirdd wedi bod yn cynnal nosweithiau poblogaidd ers 2011, lle"}]