[{"text_idx": "#000003", "text": "Yn ystod trefoli a marchnata cyflym, mae Tsieina wedi profi datblygiad economaidd a chymdeithasol anghytbwys \u2013 rhwng ac o fewn dinasoedd \u2013 a grwpiau cymdeithasol. Er mwyn hyrwyddo cyfiawnder cymdeithasol a datblygu cynaliadwy, heb so\u0302n am sefydlogrwydd gwleidyddol, mae\u2019n hanfodol sefydlu a gwella\u2019r system lles cymdeithasol gyffredinol. Fodd bynnag, mae\u2019r trawsnewidiadau demograffig a\u2019r newidiadau cymdeithasol yn ystod yr oes ddiwygio yn her fawr i system les bresennol Tsieina. Gan ganolbwyntio ar ddatblygiad anghytbwys system les Tsieina, nod y prosiect ymchwil cydweithredol hwn yw archwilio datblygiad lles cyfredol Tsieina, mathau newydd o lywodraethu a chynnig argymhellion ymarferol a realistig o ran polisi ar gyfer datblygu yn y dyfodol."}, {"text_idx": "#000004", "text": "Introduction Over the last thirty years, China has undergone comprehensive and profound social and economic transformation. The rapid development of urbanization, marketization, informatization and globalization has brought China a series of major challenges. These include how to adjust the relationship between the state, market and society; how to narrow the gap between rich and poor;..."}, {"text_idx": "#000005", "text": "This article examines religious freedom in the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) using critical frame analysis of state and civil society organisations\u2019 (CSOs) policy discourse associated with the United Nations (UN) Universal Periodic Review (UPR). The findings show how indigenous Chinese CSOs\u2019 input to the UPR is limited. Their voice is muted, some merely mirror..."}]