[{"text_idx": "#000025", "text": "Dywedir yn aml fod traddodiad heddychol yng Nghymru. Dechreuodd y traddodiad hwn gyda sylfaenu\u2019r \u2018Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace\u2019 a gwaith \u2018Apostol Heddwch\u2019 Henry Richard. Mae\u2019r aelodaeth o sefydliadau heddychlon wedi cynnwys deallusion, diwinyddion, athrawon ac ysgrifenwyr sydd wedi cael dylanwad sylweddol ar ddiwylliant yng Nghymru. Yn aml daethon nhw o gymunedau agos, Cymraeg eu hiaith, oedd ffynhonnell syniadau allweddol yn heddychiaeth Gymraeg. Ymhellach, roedd y naill heddychwyr yn arfer nabod, ysbrydoli, a helpu'r llall. Dros amser, datblygodd heddychiaeth Gymraeg o fod yn fudiad oedd yn gwrthwynebu rhyfel i fod yn fudiad a\u0302 phwrpas cymdeithasol ehangach. Wedi dweud hynny, mae llais taer a heriol i heddychiaeth yng Nghymru. Yma, mae Linden Peach yn archwilio datblygiad heddychwch yng Nghymru trwy waith sawl awdur a bardd. Mae'n esbonio bod heddychiaeth yn aml yn cael ei thrafod wrth gyfeirio at ryfela, ond yn dadlau ei fod yn bwysig gweld heddychiaeth mewn cysylltiad ag agwedd ehangach at fywyd, a bod ei pherthynas a\u0302 heddwch yn bwysig hefyd."}, {"text_idx": "#000026", "text": "It is often said that there is a pacifist tradition in Wales. This tradition began with the founding of the \u2018Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace\u2019 and the world of the 'Apostle of peace' Henry Richards. The membership of pacifist institutions has included intellectuals, theologians, teachers and writers, which has had a significant influence on culture in Wales. Often, they came from close, Welsh-speaking communities, which were the source of key ideas in Welsh-language pacifism. Furthermore, the pacifists used to know, inspire, and help each other. Over time, Welsh-language pacifism developed from being a movement which opposed war to being one with a wider social purpose. Having said that, pacifism in Wales has an insistent and challenging voice. Here, Linden Peach, Director of Educational Development at The Prince's School of Traditional Arts in London, researches the development of pacifism in Wales through the work of several authors and poets. He explains that pacifism is often discussed with reference to war, but argues that it is important to see pacifism in the context of a wider world-view, and that its relationship with peace is important too."}, {"text_idx": "#000028", "text": "Gomer ar eich gwyliau / Gomer on your holidays 2019"}, {"text_idx": "#000029", "text": "Mae gwyliau\u2019r haf yn prysur nesa\u0301u ac mae pawb yn Gwasg Gomer"}]