<transcript><audio_0>hi everyone its MJ the fellow actuary and in this video I want to talk about the boundary copulas and essentially this may be start off a little bit with the history so we've already introduced</transcript><video><caption><image_1>The image is a screenshot of a page from a math worksheet. The page is divided into two sections. On the left side, there is a list of mathematical equations written in red and blue text. The equations are written in a neat and organized manner, with each section containing a different type of equation. 

On the right side of the page, there are several lines of text written in blue and pink. The first line of text reads "Mathematics - Mathematics" and the second line is written in black text.

The first line is a mathematical equation that shows the relationship between the two variables. The equation is written as "Mathematicians" and "Matrices". The second line has a mathematical representation of the equation, with the first line representing the mathematical equation and the third line representing a mathematical function. The third line has an equation that represents the mathematical function of a mathematical problem. The fourth line has two mathematical equations, one for the mathematical problem and the other for the function of the function.
- The fifth line has three mathematical equations that represent the mathematical functions. The sixth line has four mathematical equations and the seventh line has five mathematical equations. The eighth line has six mathematical equations in red text, and the</caption><caption><image_2>The image is a screenshot of a document with a list of mathematical equations written in black text on a white background. The equations are written in a neat and organized manner, with each equation written in different colors and sizes. 

The first equation is written in the top left corner of the document, followed by a list in the bottom right corner. The list includes the names of the equations, their corresponding values, and their corresponding properties. The first equation has a value of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,</caption></video><transcript><audio_3>this guy called Maurice Rene fresshe he was French he was working with joint distributions in 1956 he kind of teamed up with the American Apes claw and they publish sklar's theorem the problem was is they thought that they had found this</transcript><transcript><audio_4>whole thing up on their own where it turns out that there was somebody else who sixteen years later back in the 1940s had almost beaten them to it and this was this guy called wetware zli</transcript><transcript><audio_5>often it's a Finnish name so my pronunciation is probably not the best anyway he published quite a lot of this work in an obscure German journal and because it was during World War two and no one really kind of picked up on it</transcript><transcript><audio_6>until we see almost 20 years later also Hostin was working on he was working from negative 1/2 to 1/2 where fresshe was working on more 0 to 1 which allows more full probabilities so it's amazing</transcript><transcript><audio_7>how this haften guy was very very close to discovering copulas and their use in probabilities but like I said his scale was just a little bit off anyway it's a fascinating history and I do encourage you guys to read up more about it but now in this video I want to talk about</transcript> hi everyone its MJ the fellow actuary and in this video I want to talk about the boundary copulas and essentially this may be start off a little bit with the history so we've already introduced this guy called Maurice Rene fresshe he was French he was working with joint distributions in 1956 he kind of teamed up with the American Apes claw and they publish sklar's theorem the problem was is they thought that they had found this whole thing up on their own where it turns out that there was somebody else who sixteen years later back in the 1940s had almost beaten them to it and this was this guy called wetware zli often it's a Finnish name so my pronunciation is probably not the best anyway he published quite a lot of this work in an obscure German journal and because it was during World War two and no one really kind of picked up on it until we see almost 20 years later also Hostin was working on he was working from negative 1/2 to 1/2 where fresshe was working on more 0 to 1 which allows more full probabilities so it's amazing how this haften guy was very very close to discovering copulas and their use in probabilities but like I said his scale was just a little bit off anyway it's a fascinating history and I do encourage you guys to read up more about it but now in this video I want to talk about
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