extracted_text:
oxford exam support
Solutions
Upper-intermediate Workbook

with
audio CD
Tim Falla, Paul A Davies                                                                                OXFORD

11 likes disagreeing with people.
12 always does what is considered normal
and acceptable by most people.
13 is the opposite of the person in 12.
14 plans their work and life carefully
and thoroughly.
15 tries to behave sensibly and doesn't
laugh much.
16 wants to be successful and rich.
17 is reliable and trustworthy.
18 is energetic and friendly towards
Other people.
2 Choose four adjectives in exercise
which can have both a positive and negative connotation in your opinion.
unäI Out Ofthe

4 Unit 1 • Out of theordinary

2    Read an extract from The Heart is a
Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers (1917—67). Are the sentences true (T) or
false (F)?
1
The family have just
eaten.
2
The job Hazel has heard
about is in a shop. 3 The family don't want Mick to take the job.
3    Find and underline evidence in the
text Which implies that
1
it's getting dark.
2
the father is looking
forwork.
3
Mick is a girl.
4
Mick is fourteen years
old.
5
Ralph isa small young
boy.
6
the family are very
short Of money.
Listen to the next part of the story.
Choose the correct words to complete the summary.
Mick
feels texcited about / ashamed of her initial reaction to the job. The salary
is SIO za week / a month, Which is 'quite a lot Of I not much money. Bill earns
•the same as this I more than this. Mick wants to buy sa piano I some dresses
and shoes but she doesn't say so. Mick •thinks carefully / hardly thinks at all
before offering to take the job. Mick thinks that it's 'a permanent, full-time
job a holiday job. The family are •happy with / uneasy about Mick's decision.
able to
work,' she said. •I found out about this job today.'

'What kind ofjob?' asked their
Dad. 'Anything I could do, or just for girls?' 'Just for a girl. A clerk down
at Wooluorthk is going to get married next
'The
ten-cent store —' Mick said.
•you interested?'
The
question took her by surprise. She had just been thinking about a sack of
wintergreen' candy she had bought there the day before. She hot and tense. She
rubbed her bangs2 up from her forehead and counted the first few stars
Their Dad flipped his cigarette down to the sidcnvalk. 'NO,' he said•We
don't want Mick to take on too much responsibility at her Let her get her growth out. Her
growth through with, anyway.' 'l agree with you.' Hazel said. 'I really do
think it would be a
Mick to
have to work regular. I don't think it uould be right'
Bill put Ralph down from his lap and shuffled his feet on the
•Nobody
ought to work until they're around sixteen. Mick            two more gears and finish
at Vocational — ifwe can make it.'
'Even
ifwe have to give up the house and move down in X*n,• their
Mama
said, 'I rather keep Mick at home for a while.'
For a
minute she had been scared they would try to corner taking a job. She would have said she
would run away from the they took the attitude they did touched her. She felt excited. were all talking about her — and in a
kindly way. She the first scared feeling that had come to her. Ofa sudden she (fthe filmily and a tightness came in
heé throat.
wintergreen a plant used to flavour sweets bangs fringe (Of hair) unit I
Out of the

Revision: Student's Book page 9

1 Use the prepositions and prepositional phrases in the
  boxes to complete the sentences.
1
  What are your feelings now that you
  are older?
2
  He can't get
  into universityhis poor exam grades.
3
  He doesn't feel
  at easevery intelligent people.
4
  his lack of social skills, he's doing
  very well at school.
5
  At
  Cambridge she studied French politics and economics.
subject
  was English.
7 1 have a few worries                his
  apparent inabäity
studied at Oxford.

3 According to the article, a it's
impossible to understand why some people have particular talents and some do
not.
b    we have a fixed set Of genes and can
therefore only develop in one direction.
c     genes have a significant effect on
physical and mental characteristics, but do not precisely determine them.
d    our personality and intelligence are
determined by the life we lead rather than our genes.
4 Kevin Rathunde and Samuel Whalen suggest that a we could
all be geniuses if we worked hard enough.
b    supreme talent is the result of
inherited natural talent followed by hard work.
c     genetic factors alone determine
ability. d most Of us are doomed to be mediocre.
 The author of the article  is optimistic about young people's capacity to explore their potential.
 believes that it is easy for
children to achieve
greatness.
 believes that we can never really know what we are capable of.

 believes that it is foolish for
young people to be too ambitious.
2    Use six of the prepositions and
exercise I to complete the text
3
Read the text.
Choose the correct answers. 1 Which is true about Ted Williams?
a He claimed that he had no natural ability at all. b He believed that
his success was due to hard work. c His own explanation of his achievements has
been rejected by scientists.
d He
lied about his natural talent.
2 During the 20th century, it was Widely believed that a intelligence has
very little to do with DNA.
b genes
do not affect behaviour because they are

sometimes
•switched off'.
 Our genes interact With our environment.
 the majority of people are of average intelligence and can do nothing
about it.
6 1                 Out Ofthe
The Success Myth

Where do great musicims, great
mathematicians and that we all have the potentktl to be like.       Lionel
get their talent? For           now we  Such a claim flies in the
face of reax»n, The have  that rnœt ot them cue simply torn with   genes we inherit clearly matter. cs
do genetic difterenæs a talent that ordinary leople do not have.    EaseEa11             EEtween
indMduals These differences often give legend Williams claimed that
his achievements had a     advcmtage In ter ms of abilities.
such as

nothing to
  do With natural ability but were the result Of

hand-eye ccadi_nation or the ability to
  grasp complicated

practice.
  prcrtice, prcrtice• rmple             that he

mathematical
  concepš. But it is al*' true that Lionel

merely EEing mcdest.        x:ientists
  now               that there

Mesi would
  not have Y»zome the  fcntknller

was a gaxå      of truth in
  what *lid.

he is. nor           Kcsp:rov a
  cEEss               without huge

                          kst
  æntury. it                    exit we

                              trom          Extrents
  trcm an                    and

inherit ct fran cu gŒents INA. that ct fùz*a                —
a       IQ —
But now it surroundings, gettrg no genetic factcts

wittnat                               hm_zs
  c'

of the
  environment                    ct

                                             to          few

University. 'And tYEre cre

                    to          tme
             big

functbn                           wczk

to swallow, how much effort gone into F*2.rsuading
  that ot us inherits a fixed amount

                                  In    wctcs.
  although each of is

ot intelligence, and that most of us are destined to

                                b:zn with
  a fixed   genes. we have

medtcre.

                                 frcm  the
  oaExac:ity to develop in

you E-zave the gntential to
  develop into a

a number of distinctly different
  ways.

athlete. a
                      or a brilliant Nob21

Our
  personalities. our intelligence

scientist?
  It would be foolish to suggest that            can

and our talents are ultmxttely

do             cmyth_ing.
  But the new

                                                determined
  by        interaction of

Eience tells that it

-GicefO                genes
  With the environment

tcolSh to think         medicx:rity
  is

we grow up by the life we

bunt into rncst of us. or that cmy

                                                  lead Our          have

of us can know what we are

a P)wertul
  influenæ over the

really cap:able ot until we have

formation
  and development of

spent cm       amount
  of

                                        an
             and mental traits,

time and effort exploring our

from height to eye colour

Our abilities are not æt in genetic

to intelligence. However,

stone. They              deve10VEd

they
  hardly ever deterrnne

, into

                                                      what
             characteristics Will

What counts is our attitude

                                                           Intelligence
and talent are not innate,                  them; what

pre-determined or
How dœs
this view of the role of genes change our understanding Of individual talent and abilities?              this new way
of thinking it was csumed that we simply inherited our talents and abilities,   it
now tEX1t genes don't
matter,
we do With
them. With humility. with       and with extraordinary
greatness something to which anyone
- of any age —       .
Unit
1 Outofthe

                     Complete
  the personality quiz.                                                                             3
  —Complete the second sentence so that it

I
Ify0u arrange (see) a show with a friend but the
friend cancels, do you a risk(go) on your own?
b invite a different
friend (go) with you?
2    If
you're at the cinema with friends and you don't like the film, do you a walk
out and agree(meet) them afterwards?
b  decide(find)
outWhat your friends think first?
3    Ifyou
need (go) shopping to buy a new outfit, do
you a go by yourself and expect(find) What you want?
b  persuade
a friend (go) with you and help you to choose?
4    If
you're with friends and they all fancy
(watch) a DVD that
you've already seen, do you
a  encourage
your friends(choose) something different?
b say nothing even
though you don't want (watch) it?
2
Choose
on
station.
b Stop to criticise me!
I
regret to tell I that you've lost your place in the
football team.
b I
regret not to revise I much before my exams.
5    a
Jason studied French at university and went onto become / becoming a teacher.
b  He went on to eat/ eatingeven though
he wasn't hungry.
6    a
I'll never forget to meet/ meeting the Queen.
b  I
forgot to buy / buying bread on theway home.
7    a As
looked out Of the window I could see Fran walk / means the same as the first
sentence. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1   We
are thinking about going away this Christmas.
(consider)
Wethis
Christmas.
2   1
finally succeeded in solving the Sud0ku puzzle.
(manage)
I finallythe
Sud0ku puzzle.  Martha told me that I should see a
doctor. (advise) Marthasee a doctor.
4    It
wasn't easy for me to do this calculation. (have difficulty) this
calculation.
5    1
told Harry not to forget to text me When he got home.
(remind)
Julian
with his homework.
some sport at the weekend. 8 go to the
music festival. (let) the music festival.
9
car at the garage down the road. (got) at the garage down the road.

walking up the garden path.
b I saw Ben ride / riding down the
road and fall / falling Off his bike.
81                 Outofthe

student
answering the examiner's questions. Do With her opinions? Why? / Why not?
I DO you think the boys in photo A mind
wearing school uniform? Why do you think so?
2 Do you think school uniform is a good
idea? Why do you think so?

moody nail varnish necklace piercing
  shorts snikv tights ton

5 Describe the photo
below.
Which Of the phrases
below does the student in exercise 1 use? Listen again and tick the ones you
hear.
    I should think                                        Maybe/Perhaps
    I'd Say                                                       They
look like
      They 100k as if                                          They
Obviously
     They 100k as though                                                                                6
Answer these questions.
They could/may/might be
1 Why do you think the doorman is stopping the people
      It's clear from the
photo that                                                                            from
coming in?
3
Describe photo a. Write sentences describing the people's
(a) clothes (b) hair (c) make-up (d)
jewellery
(e) expressions. Use the words in the box to help you.
IG
WRITING Description of a person

I can write
Preparation
1
Read
the exam writing task and jumbled model text. Match paragraphs       with
headings      below.

Write
a description (200—250 words) of a person who has had a big influence on you.

A
Since
studying history in Miss Simpson's class, it has become my favourite subject
and I want to go on to study it at university. She is a person 1 100k up to and
consider to be a role model. I feel that I owe her a lot and I hope that my
history teachers at university are as
inspiring.
B
She's
an excellent teacher and is always very encouraging. She comes across as very
perceptive and sensitive. I guess teaching can be quite stressful, but she
seems to take things in her Stride and hardly ever gets flustered or angry.
However, she doesn't tolerate rudeness or lateness, speaks her mind, and she
tells people off for talking when she's talking. I don't mind that, but some of
my classmates regard her as a bit strict. She's very good at holding the
class's attention (unlike some Other teachers!) and she makes history, Which
can be a little boring at times. really come alive.
C
A
person Who has undoubtedly had a huge influence on me is my history teacher,
Miss Simpson. I've known her for the past two years, since I started at
upper-secondary school.
D
She's
in hereartythirties and is quite tall and slim. She's got short. red hair and a
friendly smile. She's got blue eyes and she sometimes wears glasses. As far as
clothes go. she tends to wear a skirt and a blouse or she sometimes wears
trousers, but she always looks smart and elegant.
Heading 1: Introduction and background
information
Heading 2: Appearance
Heading 3: Personality
Heading 4: Conclusion and feelingsabout the
person
2
Complete
the phrases for describing people with the words in the box.

1 Out of the
5
people       her
as 4 adjective
6
People       her
± adjective
7
Some          find
her ± adjective
8
She             adjective
4 at times.
3
Tick
the phrases in exercise 2 that appear in the model text in exercise I.
Underline them in the text.
Find two examples Of phrases for making
contrasts in the model text in exercise 1.
Writing guide
5
You
are goingto do the exam writing task in exercise I. Plan your description using
the chart below.

Introduction:
  Who? How long have you known him/her?

Conclusion:

the person

6
Write
your description (200—250 words). Follow the paragraph plan in exercise I and
use the notes you made in
exercise 5.

Rich and poor

VOCABULARY
  BUILDER (2.1): MONEY IDIOMS »SB
135"

PAGE
Match
  the two halves of the idioms. One of the matches with two endings.
1   costends
  meet
2   makeinto
  some money
3   liveyour belt
4
  comean arm and a
  leg
5   tighteninto
  your savings
6   dipa
  killing g from hand to mouth
5 Complete the second sentence in
  each pair so that it means the same as the first. Use idioms from exercise 4.
The new battery for my laptop was
  extortionate.
to
  buy a new battery for my laptop.
2
  You'll
  have to be very careful with your money until the end of term.
You'll
  have tountil
  the end Of

3    My
  uncle earned a fortune selling property in Mongolia. My uncleselling
  property in

Mongolia.
4
  When she was 21, she inherited some money.
         She                                      at
  the age of 21,

For
  the past year, she has only had just enough     money
  for the basics.
She
  has beenfor the past year.

2
Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 1.
Use an appropriate form Of the verbs.
1

My
twelve-year-old sister never spends all of her
: sheat
least half of it every
month.
2    She
got intowhen she was a student and she still
owes thousands.
3    My
grandparents' house is in a terrible state, but they can'tto
renovate it.
4    My uncle used to be well-off, but he millions on a business that failed.
5    The
company has moved to smaller offices in an effort to reduce its
6    If you're living on a low     , it's
essential to carefully.

2

3
Draw
lines to match words in box A with words in box B that mean the same. Then
write three informal words below.
poor

 Complete the dialogue with the correct
form Of used to                  3 Choose the correct answers.
(affirmative,
negative or interrogative). 1 1 practise the guitar every day, butl a
didn't use to b wouldn't c used to 2 loe hates eggs, but hethem.
a would like     b
used to like        c didn't like  When
Elsie was young. sheballet lessons twice a week for ten
years.
a 'd goto b used to go to c wentto  I
don't let my dog in my room now because it Stop jumping on my
bed.
                                                                                a
wouldn •t              b didn't use to               c would
                                                                                5 My
neighbourAdele's piano teacher.
                                                                                a •d
be                    b would be                      c used to be
6 I love W him funny.
a b
never used to find c didn't find
 Brandon You see that house on the
corner? My dad live there With his parents.
Millie                                  Really?
It's huge! 2          your family be rich?
Brandon I suppose so. My grandparents run a
department store_

Millie
a department store in this tm? Brandon Yes. But it closed twenty
       Millie        Why did
it close?
Brandon I don't know. My grandparents s talk
about it very much.
2 Replace used to With would in these
sentences. possible.
1    My
grandfather never used to go out without a
2    We
used to live in Washington, D.C.
3    1
used to go to the sweet shop every afternoon.
4    We
didn't use to talk to our parents about school.
5    When
Harriet was young, she used to go dancing every night.
6    Our
dog used to be scared Of cats.
2

Revision:
  Student's Book

page 17

I Complete the sentences
  With the correct form Of the verbs in the box.
She
  bought the lots Of improvements profit when she sold it.
Ricardo
  moved to London two years ago and a flat since then.
They're very excited about
Of their new house next week.
4 Thousands of people
  homeless since the Start Of the economic recession.
f you don't              your
  rent on time, you're likely to
6 t's great owning a
  cottage. but you have to  quite a lot of
  maintenance.

2    vuSTENING6 Listen to a radio report
about Kenneth Robinson. What is the best summary? Choose a, b orc.
a
A
man bought a house very cheaply and then made a profit by selling it for
$300,000.
b
A
man paid $16 to move into a $300,000 house, but had to leave after eight
months.
c
A
man left his $300,000 house and When he returned, squatters had moved in.
3    Listen again. Are these sentences true
(T) or false
1    When
Kenneth Robinson moved into the house, it needed a lot Of improvements.
2    Mr
Robinson paid $16 in legal fees before he moved into the house.
3    Public
reaction to Mr Robinson's actions was mixed.
4    By
the time a judge instructed Mr Robinson to leave the house, he had already
gone.
5    Mr
Robinson has made money by talking and writing about his experiences.

Write a short summary of
  the text opposite about Mr Baxter. (use exercise 2 for ideas.)

Squatter becomes legal owner

of
a smart West London apartment block are furious that an unemployed man who has
never paid any rent has become the legal owner of a groundflat estimated to be 2 £311)cm
Ian Baxter. who to be On IT engineer before being made redundant in moved nto
the flat shortly after losing his job. 'It was a low point in my life. I out of
work withmoney and nobody to turn to' he explains. 'l afford the rent on my
previous flat. so I looked for somewhere to squat - and found this. It was in a
terrible state when I first moved in, but I gradually improved it and made a
home out of it.'
In
the fifteen years he has been in the flat, Baxter has replaced all the
electrical wiring. installed central and fitted double glazing. As a squatter
than an official resident. he has no rent during that time. However. he has
contributed Bw-a-',ear maintenance fee which all residents of apartment block
are asked to pay.
Most
of the other inhabitants of the block were Baxter' situation until a recent
article in the local drew to his court case. Mr Baxter order to claim ownership
ot his flat on the b:rsis been resident there for more than twelve the fact
that he was a case.'If I mcn.'ed in and would have caused problems for the
whole Baxter. 'There was much cats could have been a major risk or a residents
should be thanking me. not helped preserve the value ot their
• Rich and poor
2
Complete
the second conditional form Of the verbs in the box.
mison half to chart'
a pron for less than $5.
3
You       in
debt ifyou
carefully!

Revision: Student's Book
  page 19

I Complete the sentences
  With the correct prepositions.
Do
  you have confidencethe government to spend Our
  money wisely?
Thousands of tenants have
  benefited the laws about fair rent.
3
  Should we wave goodbyebanknotes and coins and
  just use electronic forms Of payment? It's important for tenants to forge a
  good relationship their landlords.
Millionaires should donate
  a percentage of their money       good causes.
6    He
  first got involved              charity work at iversity.
7    Are
  the poorest people in Our society danger being forgotten?
8    People
  like teachers and nurses need to be valued their contribution to society.

4
Match
the questions (1—9) with the texts (A—C).
Which person
1    went
abroad to work?
2    spent
three decades working?
3    has
set up a new charity?
4    felt
guilty about spending too much money on things that weren't essential?
5    does
not feel guilty about not passing on any money?
6    has
helped                people set up their own businesses?
used to lie
about being rich?
8
is
    exactly how much money has been given
9
about
how to lead a similar lifestyle?
Translate these sentences from the text into

                                            1                                 dedicated
much Of his adult life
•ah
2
he
made. the emptier he felt.
I
3
He
despised the wealth and the wealthy people with whom he had surrounded himself.
the books
4

Burnie
describes his background as humble.

4
If
nobody              their taxes on time, what

If you had Sl million. would you give
  any away? If so. who would you give it to and why? If not. What would you do With
  it and Why?

5
If l more affluent. I afford
to go skiing twice a year.
3 Read texts A—C opposite. Which of these
statements are true for all three people?
1
They
were born into a rich family.
2
They
worked hard to become rich.
3
They
do not believe money brings happiness. 4 They have given money away.
 4 1 Unit2
•aes To RAGS

Karl Rabeder
Kart         Wtwn it hit him.
He                the the wealthy people with whom he had himsetf_ thing to do
- get rid of it all.
48. had his adult life
to making money. After university, started a     and the   of 32, he was a
millõnaire.
c.æ trcrn a bækgrcn_.nd, and
his mother nad told him a of s'xcess. But more money he made, the emptier
on a glid« trip in
Argentina. Rabeder met people Who just neeœd a few hwWed  to up
businesses. He began giving out most was that when he returned a year
'I fett if €200 could
make SLEh a differeme, what am I                 svmcúng arrnnt   nice
his
off €1,000 a month
—           he
earn  ard a life coach. "wish to give some kind Of braveness to Other just
tea
Sara
'•æatth always
associated with traunw st•æ         rmtrær   lea•irg
                         She        to
live with
nmthS later she farer         a
new car she started university.          this made fæ          Of an       Stæ
didnt enjoy hwing more than others; she             to             ttæm.
atnn her background.
pretended she              a stu•nt grant like
After uniwrSity, She trmelled
throuffi Astraiia ard t'æ USA with future husband, Hagh. It was now the
70s -
activists. antiot£lear
protesters, and became              as a         was         tor who she was
rather than for her background.
she knew that her inheritance was for
thõg œ-ðy — in total? Robin smiles and says stæS rwt good
with ax»ut £10.CO:) to £20,000 a year.
much.'
She stops.                   then you
Brian
Burnie
Hali h       is
almost 200 years Old, and Brian Burnie has smt £18 millim rethildiN it
hto a  hotel. He bought it in
1993. at which time
it was derelict. The to   it             a fanily home       a hotel. and to
give the
Nas to a
Cancer Care. Then. so
Wife St•urley was nut S M'en Burn•e would
sell Doxtord Hall arxi use træ mono' to start a ctwity tcr to and trom
hospital.
Burnie descrit»s his tEkgmM1d
as His fattv          a t'.iidiN site, his nwther was a housewife. He his               eWns,
hard at tüS later returned to education and studied a frierxi up a firm of
        wnich he ran for 30 years. Although he                a of
NOW he says he's done
his lifes work. tt• that            to            is the
He his three children are rx't intvitirg
his •æath. either. which is lucky because he wcRJ1dnt hae left it tor
them
•As a lwent. test thing can
give your children is time, Its not

Match the sentence halves. Complete sentences

the past perfect continuous.
 My
hand was hurting because I
2 Jenny had tears in her eyes because She
 They had to give their dog a bath
because it
4 Beth felt confident about her exams because
she
 We got evicted from our flat because we
6 Tom decided not to go Out because he
(write)
postcards all morning.
(play) in a muddy field.
(not feel) well.
(not pay) our rent.
(watch) a hilarious film. (work) hard
all term.
2
Invent
your own endings for these sentences. use the past perfect continuous.
3
Complete
the
second sentence as the first sentence. Use the past perfect simple.
I I ate my dinner, then I went upstairs.
After I'd eaten mi
2
1
had a shower, then Susie arrived.
When Susie
3
We
swapped numbers, and the next day he called.
The day after
4
She
tidied her room, then she went out.
After she
5
She missed the
class, so she didn't do the homework.
Because she
6
He
finished his dinner and washed up his plate.
When
he
6 1 unit2
correct).
I Sara hadn't heard me knock at the door
because she to music.
a
had listened C]  b
had been listening
 Before their goalkeeper was sent off,
Chelsea easily.
           a
had won                             b had been winning
Ben so much during the meal that he hadn't
eaten his food.
        a had talked                      b
had been talking
5
We
didn't know what homework we had to do because attention to the teacher.
a
hadn't
paid [2       b hadn't been paying
6
1
was really annoyed that I left my book on the train because Ireading it.
a
hadn't
finished     b hadn't been finishing
5
Complete
the sentences With the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of
the verbs in the box.

3
According
to the police, the accident happened because both carstoo
fast.
4
In
the first round he played Nadal, Whothe tournament three
times already.
 My dad retired early from his job
because he a bad back for years.
6
I
found five coins down the back Of the sofa, although in fact I  for
my keys.

Complete these sentences with your own ideas. Use the
  past perfect simple in 1 and 2. and the past perfect continuous in 3 and 4.
Police
  arrested the 85•year-old woman because

4

1
  Look at the photo. Then tick/ the words that you think Listen to the same
  student answering would be useful for describing it. the question below. What
  was wrong with the gift she received?

Tell me about a time
    when you received a gift that left you feeling very disappointed.

5

Example

continuous

My
    uncle and aunt • with us.

past perfect simple

My parents s        my
    uncle and aunt the wrong thing.

past perfect continuous

For months, 16 parents
    for a Hello Kitty lunchbox.

used to

My parents all our
    presents under the tree.

We         them on
    Christmas Eve.

6 Translate
  these sentences into your own

2    OUSTENlNG7 Listen toa student
describing the photo. Which words from exercise 1 does she use? Circle them.
3    Match
the extreme adjectives (1—10) with the normal adjectives in the box. You need
to use some adjectives more than once.

language.
 Apparently, my parents had told my
uncle and aunt what to buy me.

2
Unfortunately,
it wasn't quite what I wanted.

3
Obviously,
didn't say anything to my uncle and aunt.

4
Luckily,
they didn't realise how disappointed I was.

5
To
be honest, I've never mentioned it since.

7 Now write your own answer to the examiner's
question.

Unit 2 • Rich and poor
Preparation
I Read the story, ignoring the gaps. What was
the exam writing task? Choose the correct words.

Write
a story about a character whose 'generous / mean action ends up having 2
positive / negative consequences for 'that character / somebody else.

2 Complete the story With the words in the box.
Writing guide
4
Read
the exam writing task below. Then choose one of the scenarios below and think
Of a positive consequence.

Write a story about a
character whose generous action ends up having positive consequences for that
character.

Scenario

Consequence

You buy a bus ticket for somebody who needs to get
  home.

You let a young child keep a ball you were
  playing with in a park.

You let somebody borrow a
  valuable possession.

Too hungry to share
1t
  was a hot day in July and  was in
He
  had been looking for a new sports bag, but he hadn't found one he liked. He'd
  bought a white T-shirt instead. It was now one O'clock and he nedn't eaten
  since breakfast, so he headed for his favourite takeaway. Half an hour
, Mason was sitting on a bench
  outside             Burgers, about to take his first bite Of an extra-large
  cheeseburger. Then, Out Of
                               ,
  his                    Kyle
hi•,
      his lunch in his     starving           •t to share it with       his
  friend. *len Kyle asked         —s
Mason
  lied and said he was just a bus. They chatted for a *'ile. As as Kyle had MSM
  his lunch out Of the bag. At the a bus pulled wanting to wait an hour for the
  next one, Mason put his lunch away again and got on the bus, which was
  crowded and hot. he arrived at his Stop and afterwards, he was at At last, he
  could have his lunch! Opening the bag, he saw his new white T-shirt was
  covered with brown barbecue Sauce. But that was not all: Having been in a bag
  for two hours in hot the burger srælled too bad to eat!

Stage
  1 : Setting the scene

2:

event

Stage
  3: Events that follow

Stage
  4: The resolution

5

Plan your story using the chart below. Use the scenario
you chose in exercise 4 or your own ideas.
3    Divide
the story into four paragraphs according to the four stages below. (There is
more than one possible answer.) Stage I: Setting the scene • It
Stage 2: The first event
Stage 3: Events that follow
Stage 4: The resolution
 unit 2
     1       Get Ready for
your Exam

'DO
  YOU know any men of the rank of Baronet in London?' she asked suddenly.
There was a note of
  suspicion in the strange question, and when I said I knew no Baronets, she
  seemed relieved. I questioned her further, and she murmured that she had been
  cruelly used by a Baronet she would not name, She told me she came from
  Hampshire and asked if I lived in London. I explained that I did, but that I
  was leaving for Cumberland the next day.
•Cumberland!
  ' she repeated softly. 'Ah!' I Wish I was going
I
  was once happy in Cumberland, in Limmeridge rd Eke to see Limmeridge House
  again.' House! I stopped, amazed.
               wrong?
      asked anxiously. 'Did you hear
after
  us?' m_           I heard the                of Limmeridge somebody there?'
  sad. •But Mrs is dead; and her Husband is dead; and ther little girl may be
  married and gone away .
Perhaps she would have told me more, but just at that
  moment we saw a cab. I stopped It, and she quickly got in.
The extra Ct is from
  Oxford Bookworms:
•rhe Woman in White', by
  Wilkie Collins.

When I left them at midnight, a full moon was shining
  in a dark blue starless sky, and the air was soft and warm. I decided to take
  the long route home, and walk across Hampstead Heath before joining the road
  into the centre Of the city. After a while I came to a crossroads and turned
  onto the London road, I was lost in thoughts, wondering about the two young
  ladies in Cumberland, when suddenly, my heart beating. A hand had touched my
  shoulder from behind. turned at once, my hand tightening on my
There,
  as if it had dropped from the sky, stood
Of
  a woman, dressed from head to foot in I was too surprised to speak,
'Is that the road into
  London?' she said.
I looked at her carefully.
  It was then All I could see in the moonlight was a face, large sad eyes, a nd
  light brown hair Her was quiet and self-controlled. What sort Of   she was,
  and why she was out so late           I could not guess. But there was
  nothing evil about her— indeed, a kind of sad innocence seemed to come from
  her.
•Did you hear me?' she said, quietly and rapidly.
'Yes,' I replied, 'that's the road.
  Please excuse me — I was rather surprised by your sudden appearance.'
'You don't suspect me of doing anything wrong, do you?'
'No, no, seeing you so
  suddenly gave me a shock, that's all.' ' l heard you coming,' she said, •and
  hid behind those trees to see what sort of man you were, before I risked
  speaking. May I trust you?' Her eyes searched my face, anxiously.
Her
  loneliness and helplessness were so obvious that I felt great sympathy for
  her. 'Tell me how I can help you,' I said, 'and if I can, I will.'
•Oh, thank you, thank you.
  You are very kind.' Her voice trembled a little as she spoke. • I don't know
  London at all. Can I get a cab or a carriage at this time of night? Could you
  show me where to get one, and will you promise not to interfere With me? have
  a friend in London Who will be glad to receive me. I want nothing else — Will
  you promise?'
She
  looked nervously up and down the road, then back at me. How could refuse? Her
  fear and confusion were painful to see. 'Will you promise?' she repeated.

We set Off together
  towards the centre Of London. It was like a dream — walking along that
  familiar road, with so strange and so mysterious a companion at my side.

EXAM
TASK - Reading
Read
the text. Choose the correct answer, A, B, C Or D, for questions 1—4.
On his way home, the man
A
was
scared because he was all alone on the road. B was in a hurry since it was
already after midnight.
C
took the wrong turn at the crossroads and got lost. D wanted to enjoy the
pleasant weather a little longer.
When he met the woman.
A   he
was puzzled at her being Without company.
B    she
spoke too quietly for him to hear her.
C    he
had to apologise because he had insulted her.
D   she
suspected he had bad intentions.
The
man felt Obliged to help her because he A feared she might be in pain.
B
could
see she was disorientated.
C
wanted
to solve the mystery surrounding her. D was beginning to like her very much.
4
The
woman was suspicious of the man because
A she didn't like the
fact that he was questioning her.
                                                                                B
he had pretended not to hear somebody calling after
                                                                                them.
C
she thought he might know someone Who had hurt her. that
they both knew Limmeridge
Get
Ready your Exam I

 You are going to hear five people
talking about their plans for the future. Match the speakers (1—5) with the
phrases (A—B. There is one phrase that you do not

and travelling.
B
Getting a job before university, as my parents won't be
able to support me.
C
Alternating
work and travel according to a fixed plan.
D
My
family Will help me financially while I get professional experience. Learning
and earning while gaining hands-on experience.
Maybe a Study-related job and visiting
family.

EXAM TASK - Use of
English

Choose
the correct answer. A B or C. to

Don't always believe what you reui
When is
and         on            A people  uvNlating
  their a    lirr                a someone posted that it was Week and                the
  idea.  tin* right search reveals that there is no              thing
Week. Why Were so
The Simple answer is that it was fun, interesting a
  thing to Anyway, What does it matter if it
Book Week ? people Were enjoying
But a          issue        from
  this: with                information available on the how do We know What to
  believe or not? Qwyting random lines    a book might       Of fun, what if
  the  asking people to send money?
Would it be so harmless           So,
  remember next time

I Get Ready for your Exam 1

3 A through

B
  over

across

 A
  such a

C such

 A
  themselves

B
  them

C a lot

6 A too much

B
  SO much

C
  so a lot Of

7
  A little

B bit

C
  much

8
  A could

B
  would

C
  is to

Describe
the                below and answer the questions.
•hat is the mother thinking? 2 Or casual
clothes? Why?
occasion when you wore very Smart

a_AM TASK - Writing

below.
rg is running a new feature called My
Character. We would like you to write about
character from a book you've read
Ifwe decide to publish your entry we
will 50 euros.
article Of 210—230
words for the website. Say •ho your favourite character is, What book he/she is
from and Why they are your favourite.
bur article should include:
•
a
title.
•
a
description of the character.
•
some
things the character does.
•
reasons
why they are your favourite.
Write your article in the appropriate style
and format.

                                                                                2 A
with                    B by                   C through

Generations
1
Match
the sentence halves (1—15) with a—o. 3 Complete the phrases With the correct
preposition in the box, 1 1'm on the same wavelength as Joanna.if needed. Some
prepositions can be used more than once.
2
1'm
wary Of Emily.
3
1
adore my grandad.
4

I
look up to my big brother.               I trust my sister.
a   I'm
not Sure she's completely honest.
b   I can
tell her anything and she'll nevertellanyoneelse-              something C I
couldn't imagine life Without him.             4 flatter d We agree about
almost everything.            5 flirt e I always listen to what he says.            6
insult
6    1
admire my dad.     a              7 lecture
8
7    1'm
very close to my brother.
9
8    I despise Jack.
9    I
feel sorry for the man Who lives next door.   10 tease
Il
12 f He's cowardly and
dishonest. g He's achieved so much in life. h He's had a really hard life. i We
share all the Same hobbies.
j We can talk to each Other about anything.
11 I have nothing in common with my sister.

3
Where
do you live?
4
Where
is the ticket office?
5
Would
you be willing to answer some questions?
6
Will
you be eating at home this evening?
7
What
time do
8
Why
are you laughing?
 Ed ate one ofthe sandwiches.
? The ham one.

3 Adam made Eve cry.
? Adam did. 4 George met Emma at Sam's party.
? Emma.

5 Fred was flirting with Sara.
? Fred was.

Read the statements. Write subject or object
questions.
Something is making a strange noise.
2 One Of the boys will play in goal.

Pete
has got something in his bag.
What
4 Marcus gave you somethingto eat.
What
Something is missing from the cupboard.
What
6
Jess
saw somebody in the park.
7
rd
like One Ofthose pizzas.
Which
8
Somebody phoned
Sally last night.
Who

2
4
5

Write
Keira
They
They
They
He

the
  prepositions

went
were
told

missing

-
stayed

complained
his

questions. Think where to place the the
  style is informal.
to Spain
  With her sister.
? Her sister.
ina hotel for two weeks.
? TWO weeks, unhappy about
  their room.
?
  Their room.
to the hotel manager.
? The hotel manager.
son off for not tidying
  his room.
?
  Not tidying his room.

2    Listen to the indirect questions.
Write the equivalent direct questions.
3
4
6
8
3    Read
the statements and then write subject or Object questions for the answers
given.
1 Toby ate the apple.
Toby
did.
The apple.
3

b is a result Of medical

Revision: Student's Book
  page 29

Complete the sentences with
  the compound nouns below. There is one compound noun that you do not need.
People
  are living longer in Japan: the now 80 for men and 86 forwomen.
2 All Old people receive
  a(n)in the UK, but it is barely
  enough to live on. 3 have a(n)               who is living in a(n) in
  Eastbourne.
4
  In the UK the usualis 65 for both men and
  women.
The average humanin
  the USA is nearly 80 years.
6
  If children don't die Of childhood diseases, they have a very good chance of
  living to a(n)

2
OUSTENING
Listen to the radio programme and complete the facts With the correct numbers.
World population facts
•   The
world population is about             billion.
•   Life
expectancy in the 1950s was about Z years. From 2000 to 2010 it was about
years.
healthcare.
c
is
very alarming and can't be viewed as a success.
d
will
remain stable over the next 60 years2 According to Professor Jenkins,  the
growing population has led governments fight childhood diseases and improve
healthcare.
b
the
limited amount of natural resources will slow down population growth.
c
the
growing population could cause more damage to the environment.
d
feeding young people is more difficult than feeding old
people.
3
In
most wealthy countries a there are lots of young people to guarantee economic
growth in the future.
b
people
are worried that their populations will increase. c young people aren't
interested in getting jobs and working hard.
d birth rates are often worryingly low.
4
In
many poor countries a the governments have difficulty educating young people
and creating jobs for them.
b
a
lot of young people don't want to complete their education.
c
young
people are helping to boost economic growth. d healthcare and jobs are only
available to Older people. Women are likely to decide to have fewer children if
a population growth continues to increase.
b
death
rates remain high.
c
they
think their children will live to become adultsd their children are guaranteed
a good education.
Use the Internet to find

       . Around •                  %
of the world population is under 25.                     the current population
of
• By 2050 the world population is
expected to reach         a China   b India billion.      2 when the world
population passed
3
Carefully
read the multiple-choice questions in exercise 4 a 1 billion and check that you
understand everything. b 3 billion
c 6 billion
Unit3 • Generations

Revision:
  Student's Book page 31

I Complete the adjectives
  with the correct endings.
1   unpredict  5
  argument
2   respons     6
  mood
3
  confus7 combat
4
  reason
2    Complete
  the sentences using the phrasal verbs in the box in an appropriate tense.

1
  We
  didn't like each other at first, but we being friends.
2
  A large company bought the building and
a supermarket.
3    It's
  difficult tomy work When people keep
  phoning me. 4 Iwas born in London, but I the
  countryside.
5
  Finding a
  good place to live Often luck.
6
  Sophie accused
  her Of stealing.
7
  It's best not toifthe teacher tells you off.
8
  My little brother is really annoying and the
  worst in me.

4
Match the gaps (1-6) in the text with six of the
sentences (A—H) below. There are two sentences that you do not need.
A
These
experiences. near to their homes, have left young people fearful for their own
safety.
B
However,
the government is going to invest £50 million.
C
For
example, youth-on-youth violence and anti-social behaviour among teenagers is
rising.
D
On
average, we spend 17p for each young person per day on youth services — and
this has to change.
E
As
a result, they hung around On the streets.
 It isn't clear how we can move forward
from here.

G
Recommendations include a •youth hub' in every community to tackle anti-social
behaviour and crime.  They said to give young people more of
a stake in communities and give them more
opportunities.
3 Read the article opposite. What is the best
summary of the conclusions? Choose a. b or c.
a
The
government needs to provide more money so that teenagers are less bored and
more involved in their communities.
b
Most
teenagers are valuable members of the community, but the government needs to
focus on the small minority who become involved in crime.
c
There
are enough recreational facilities for young peop e, but more money needs to be
spent on dealing With the consequences Of teenage crime.

Youth
Review

eW
statistics in the Youth Review— in Britain prepare to holidays, over one
million t— wandering the streets because there year -long enquiry
consulted 16.000 mmends radical action to
The Youth Review was
undertaken by
4ChiIdren and
supported by Nestlé_ It c— a               Of unprecedented debate about
the weláre               people in the UK _ Recent statistics
demonstrate worrying trends many aspects of teenagers lives.
-8esearchers spent twelve months touring each
region Of the and consulting over 16,000 teenagers to find out what life is
truly like for young peoNËtoday in the UK how they themselves believe that
improvements can be
publicising
the Review today, pop star and youth icon

Lily

- go

he

Allen
said: •I want to see a new start for teenagers in communities where they have
nothing to do, nowhere to and nowhere to call their own. The Youth Review has
consulted 16,000 teenagers across the country and their was clear. The number
of teenagers
             L                                         problem
for us all and instead Of
Only
after they re in crisis, we need to Stop them getting into trouble in the first
place.' The Review discovered:
young
people in deprived areas have been victims their own community.
said that, in their opinion, young people
involved in anti-social behaviour because they were

than
70% Of eleven- to sixteen •year •Olds said that witnessed anti-social behaviour
over the last whilst 12% Of young people belong to a gang.
said
they had nowhere to and to do outside school. s

•
62%
said that they did not know where to go to get help or information if they
needed it.
•
Youth
crime costs up to £13 billion per year compared to £1.6 billion
spent by government on positive prevention and youth programmes, It costs E
35,000 to put ayoung in a detention centre for a year.
Review is calling for an urgent transformation of
—t teenagers. It recommends a programme of
investment and action to provide positive for all young people, With early
support and troubled teenagers to prevent difficulties
•
in æry
community providing
as wen as
creative arts.       aM
         —tion and supÞrt for teenagers in difficulty.
•
intervention
teams' to work in areas of high &Btvation and unrest, offering teenagers
specialist and positive support.
•
Action
on bullying and a new Victim support scheme for young people Who have been the
victrms Of crime.
•
Young
mayors elected in every area to give teenagers representation and a say in
their community.
•
Free
public transport and leisure for all young peo#,. under eighteen to ensure
access for all.
Oona King, Chau Of the Review said: 'Growing
up can be tough and we are Simply not doing enough to help the next generation
to flourish. Young people need to be a part Of our communities, Otherwise we
spend billions dealing With the consequences of anti-social behaviour, crime
and Violence.'

Unit 3 • Generations

 Order the words to make sentences.
1
better
/ today / feeling I far / Fm

2
as
/ nowhere I Chinese / difficult / as / is / Enthsh/ near

3
much
/ at chess / my brother / am I better / I / than

4
than
/ even / this winter / colder / is / last winter

5
nothing
/ too much coffee / as / too much alcohol I as / for you / bad / like / is

2
Complete
the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives and adverbs in
brackets.

1
The             I
work. the            I feel.
(hard / tired)
2
Theyou
drive. theyou are to have an accident. (fast /
likely)
3
 The
(cold I depressed)
3
Complete
the sentences with the double comparative form Of the adjectives in brackets.

4
5
Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence.
1
It's
hot today. It was the same yesterday.
I
2
I
used to be argumentative. I'm less so now.
I'm less

People
  think I'm confident, but I'm not really.

4 I thought this exercise would be more
difficult.
This exercise is

 You said you'd arrive earlier.
You didn't

Rewrite the sentences so that they have the
same meaning. Use clauses with as.
1 My maths result and my physics result were
terrible.

3 Today is sunny and yesterday was too.

5 My mum and my dad are calm and reasonable
most of the time.

I  3

SPEAKING Role-play
I Add question tags.
Let's go to a museum,
We should hire a car,
Don't forget to ring me,
4 Hotels are very expensive,
You haven't got a car,
6
Nobody
likes being criticised,
7
Your
cousins are arriving soon,
8
You
never phone me,
2
Listen to each statement. Then repeat it
twice, adding a question tag. The first time you repeat it, make the intonation
go up. The second time, make it go down. Then listen and check.
Your parents like French food, don't they?
Your parents like French food, don't they?
3
Read the exam
speaking task below. Then listen to a student doing the task With an examiner.
Which four Of the issues (a—h) do they discuss?
4
Read the phrases
below. Then listen again to the student in the exam and tick the phrases that
the speakers use. Suggesting a course Of action I know, Why don't we 2.
Here's an idea. Let's
I've got it. HOW about think we should
You could always
The Other thing we should do is
Objecting
I'm not sure/convinced about that.
I don't think that's a great idea.
Let's put that idea to one side for a moment.
      I see Why you're
Saying that, but                                              2
That's not a bad idea, but I think
Alternatively, we could
5
Write mini-conversations. Speaker A suggests a course Of
action and Speaker B Objects to it and adds a reason, an opinion or another
suggestion. Use different phrases from exercise 4 and the ideas in the box.

You and your parents are going on holiday
  to the UK. You are going to visit your English friend during the visit. Talk
  to your friend about the trip, and cover these issues:
Issue I: Issue 3: Issue 2:
Issue

a where you will meet b the best way to get
around  good places to eat out d an interesting
museum or gallery e how long you will Stay  where
you should Stay g a day trip or excursion h the cost of the whole trip unit 3 •
Generations

CHECK
  YOUR WORK

you:

used
  some Of the expressions in the box in ekercise
•tten
  200-250 words?

go Out and generally to make decisions for
themselves.

I

2

writing
  task below ignoring the gaps. Choose
now is very were
  growing advantages and the 21" century,

are
  given in disadvantages are given in gives his opinion in
believes
  that life for it was 50 years ago.
model essay With the
elderly
  people look life was much nostalgia, or is as good now as it , technology in
  the last 50 years, the lives of teenagers.
CDs, DVDs and entertainment and for
  teenagers to find
than
  we were, and are food, better frequently.
teenagers
  nowadays to wear

and

different up.
disadvantages compared
  paragraph
the

back
  better life was has
the

,
  as
clothes,
have what

the the
from
Write
paragraph

words

on
  in for in
computers

a
  able and
much

an
With

B
  /
introduction

in
their days

the transformed
Internet
society
  to
they

model correct
life

Of
50 C.
B /

now
the

a"
buy take
more

essay

C.
/ is
youth gone
past?
we
like,

essay answers.

when which being years
better
box.
and by.
people
provide makes for their are
more holidays
to

in
ago.

/
Is

Writing
3 You
Of a to

5

two
Write

and
Write

are

teenager help
advantages opposed

the

guide
or you.
an

Disadvantages
disadvantages,

your

going three as
essay
to

a
reasons

to do

and
  an

or

essay

the advantages
(200—250
adult.

vice for it.

exam writing task below. First think
  and disadvantages Of being to an adult. Use the ideas in the box

words)
    Which presents the disadvantages of being a teenager as

Examples

Examples

Do the advantages
  outweigh the versa? Make a note of your opinion
(200—250 words) in your
  notebook.

Preparation
Read the exam
  exercise 2,

Life for teenagers their grandparents
  presents the a teenager in

1
  The advantages
2
  The
3
  The
  writer conclusion.
4
  The
  writer worse than
Complete
  the
A   Many
  claim that this merely really not
B   '
our lives improved
  television, fantastic it easy schoolwork.
richer and better more
freedom

, teenagers probably
aren't as active as they used to be. Many parents complain that they do less
sport nowadays and spend more time indoors in front Of screens. s        , the
pace of life was much slower 50 years ago. There was less pressure on young
people to perform well in exams and they had more time to relax.
D
While it is true that life was better for teenagers in some respects 50 years
ago, believe that the advantages of being a teenager in the 2 century outweigh
the disadvantages.
3
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING

VOCABULARY BUILDER (4.2):
  INTERNATIONAL

ORGANISATIONS
  »SB PAGE 137"

Complete
  the names Of the international organisations. Volunteers from the Cross have
  arrived at the scene of the disaster to help with casualties.
2    The
  Worldwide           for Nature has successfully raised awareness of
  endangered species.
3    Amnesty
  has asked members to write letters of complaint to the ambassador.
4    Several
  countries have been forced to ask the European          Bank
  for a loan.
         Latvia
  joined the European             in 2004.

Find eight words in the wordsearch and use
them to complete the sentences below.
I The Prime M      is in crisis after losing
an important v             on the economy.
2
The
Welsh Assembly uses a different e system from the LIK
Parliament.
3

A
group of Ipoliticians have launched a c to have the minimum wage increased.
4
Because
of her criminal record, she Will not be able to hold public o again.

Taking a stand
P itiCS and protest

VOCABULARY
  BUILDER (4.1): ELECTIONS »SB PAGE

137"

3 Mach the two halves of
  the definitions (1—6) with a—f. 1 Proportional representation is a political
  system
2  A  is
  election result which
3  A —•ncyisa small area ofthe UK which
  eÞction is an election which
5 A caødate is a person Who 6 A coalition is an
  agreement which a elects one member of parliament.
b  anows
  two or more different parties to form a government.
c   does
  not give a majority to any one party. d aims to be elected.
decides the national government Of the UK. gives
  parties a number of seats in parliament according to the percentage of votes
  they get.

5
Thousands
took part in a d    against nuclear energy.
6
Very
few teenagers belong to a political p
2 Complete the questions with the correct
form Of the verbs

Unita • Taking a stand

I Do
the                                                                                Rewrite
the sentences to include one Of the words in

Write P for present or F for future.
1
10
loves Adele.  hound tn have her
2
Where's
Lucy?' •She'll be at her dance class.'
3
lark
is  he angry when he realises What's happening.
4
£800
fora phone? YO" can't
5
1've
reminded Sam about the appointment three times, so he shonldn't forget
6
guests
may leave before Hannah gets home.
2 HOW probable is it that
Charlie Will buy a Number the sentences (a-O from 1 (most (least probable).
a
Charlie
will definitely buy a new phone.
b
Chances
are Charlie Will buy a new phone. Charlie might buy a new phone. d Charlie is
bound to buy a new phone. e Charlie won't buy a new phone.
f Charlie is very likely not to buya
newphone-
the sentences correctty. I Don•tcallTara
—shel
2 We probably might not get home
The match Will finish by now. Let's see
brackets. Don't change the meaning.
I It's likely to be cold next month. (chances
/ bound)

2
If
you work hard, I expect you'll do well in your exam.
(could / should)

3
It isn't possible that the message is from John — he
hasn't got a phone. (may not / can't)

4
It's
certain that Kate will get the job. (bound / likely)

5
The
only possibility is that this is the wrong key. (chances / must)

6
I
think it's unlikely our school team will win the league.
(can't / will)

7
1
assume Harry has left the hotel by now. (Will / could)
8
9
My
grandparents will probably emigrate when they retire.
(chances / must)

10
I
assume your teachers are enjoying the holiday. (will / chances)

5
Ifyou
invite him, he's bound he'll come.
6
I'm
sure our team may not win the league.
7
Chances
are nobody can notice our mistake.
8
Dad
mustn't be angry about my exam results — I haven't told him yet!
4 Taking a stand
PðJVtiticm

Revision: Student's Book
  page 39

1 Complete the summary with the words in
  the box.
For
  centuries, British rule in Ireland was a cause of violence and civil          After
  a long armed
,
  Ireland gained independence in 1922. Only Northern Ireland, with its
  Protestant majority, remained part Of the UK. However, the Catholic minority
  there complained about bad treatment and a lackofcW paramilitary  from
  communities started a campaign Of Violence which lasted until 1998, when a
  peace              finally created the chance Of a non-violent future for
  Northern Ireland-

2
Read
the text about Partition. Which three
States now exist in the area that used to be
Brtish
3
Answer
the questions about the text.
1    Before
independence. which were the two main religious groups in India and which was
larger?
2    What
did most Indian politicians think of the idea of a separate state for Muslims,
prior to 1947?
3    What
was the main purpose Of dividing India into two separate nations?
4    Where
did millions Of Muslims move to after 1947? Why?
Listen to the information about Gandhi. Are
these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Gandhi first campaigned for civil rights when
he was a away from his home nation of India.
2
Gandhi
only supported the use ofviolence after the British killed hundreds of Indian
protestors.
3
Gandhi
spent six years in prison during the 1920s. Gandhi left his political party
because he felt it did not share some Of his most important beliefs.
5    Amemberofa
different religion killed Gandhi in 1948.
an
independent state only since 1947; before then. it of the British Empire. ruled
by the United Kingdom. At that were two main religious groups within hdia:                and

*slims
were in the minority. and Often felt badly treated by the when it come to legal
political issues 1940. British rule in hutia was coming to an end. a talked
about creating a separate state for of the leading politicians from both
religious
Irøio to remain a united countrw But
to increase tension W:w-æe b break out _ In he Muslim League led to riots
in
*mgr,'
a pb'          inb
ratms: one for  (India) and one the Mushrns (Pakistan) The boundaries ot the
two nations were drawn and in 1947. when  became independent. Pakistan was
created. Millions ot Muslims trom India crossed the bolder into Pakistan. and
millions of Hindus Who           found themselves in R'kiston moved to India,
The two newty independent nations wele completely unprepared for dealing with
such huge migrations. Violence broke out and hundreds ot thousands of CHINA
people were killed.
PUNJAB*
Today, the borders are not the same as
they were
1947:nthe 1970s, part of Pakistan become
another independent state.
And Kashmir, an area between Pakistan
and India. is still o disputed territory.
EYLON

Explain in your own words this famous
  quotation attributed to Gandhi: 'An eye for an eye makes the whole world
  blind'.

Unit 4 • Taking a stand

Revision:
  Student's Book page

41

I
  Complete the sentences with nouns or adjectives in -ism or -ist formed from
  the words in brackets. My aunt launched a campaign against (sex) in the
  media.
2
  Have you ever been the victim Of abuse?
A prominent political(active)
  has been arrested outside the royal palace.
4 My dad studied(journal)
  at university and later worked for the BBC.
My
  uncle is quite right-wing now, but he used to be (social).
6
  Four men have appeared in court charged With (terror).
2 Choose four more nouns or adjectives
  ending -ism or -ist and write sentences to
  show their meaning.

2
When it comes to matters related to education, teenagers a can already help to
make decisions.
b
are
affected by decisions but can't influence them. c do not know enough to make
good decisions.
d are not mature enough to make important
decisions.
 Jocelyn doesn't think sixteen-year-olds
should have the vote because a they wouldn't take it seriously. b they don't
really want to vote.
c
they
haven't yet had a university education.
d
most
issues are not directly relevant to people that young.
4 Before Leila was asked to give her opinion on politics,
What was her attitude the subject?
a
She
didn't think there was any possibility ofthe situation changing.
b
She
got angry when people mentioned it.
c
She
thought most politicians were dishonest.
                                                                                d
She couldn't get it out of her mind.
 What does Leila think sixteen-year-olds
would do if they were given the vote ?

a They would vote for changes in the education system. b
They might develop a more mature attitude to politics. c They would onty take
an interest in issues which directty affected them.
3 Read the article opposite. Which sentence
best describes Leila's attitude? Choose a, b or c.
a
Teenagers
under eighteen should definitely be given the right to vote in general
elections.
b
Teenagers
under eighteen should definitely be given the chance to become more involved in
politics.
c
Teenagers
under eighteen probably wouldn't vote even if they were given the chance.
 Read the article again and choose the
best answers.
I Leila believes that teenagers are
interested in a certain issues rather than party politics in general. b
left-wing politics more than right-wing politics. personalities in politics
rather than issues.
finding out how the electoral system works.
2 unit 4 • Taking a stand

T"NRGGRS
IN TH€     pupil in London
WORLD
Of POLITICS

make  Ask if they think the Prune Minister
doing a ard lust and completely uninterested. ask them if they agree with being
taxed at sixtæn. or if think ttÞy have more rights, and they could
go on for hwrs_ that's too?
It is true that teenagers don' know a lot
poENcs. don't know '.•hOS lett• right.v•õg and know what a coalition
government was. But this is rrwe da_æ the "ve is us to
dÚectty because can't vote ultil we're eighteen old. are deerred enough
to have chi½ren, to Pin the army and to a                educatim affect
us for rest of our life - so why
•e we not considered matue enough to about
Matters Of schools and education rrxge than
•                                 •e       by
Who are this       the
On
the other hand. a lot of teenagers wouWÝt take           ttpy given the
vote at sixteen. I spoke to Sharon. seventæn. from London. Who said:
•Alotofsix'een-year-dds enough and wouldn't take it seriously. But adults al   way?
Jocelyn, sixtæn, also from south-east London. disagrees, We                have
the  it doesn't affect us yet Voting concerns over-
Odes. sixtæn. asked the al-important
question: should have a               wmt
vote?
Not many Of us      ro
            I ddn•t have any thoughts about politics until for my         I
didn't think giving us the vote was even up for  this because t'm a political
because rm conatiomd b switch oft when the topk is mentioned?
tt-æ vote. But why would we want
we have always been told
the vote, maybe we would take On the
respmsibility to find wt about what are and take many adults do.
is a  md
government has shown no faith in the know. maybe we wouk' ewn rmre rebabie than
adults. If the government does decide
IS     US
          hen it will need to make an effort - hiking the campaign nto schools
and s&ng us           and t-Wpõg us understand What we are being
given the to do.      could through our schools voting in      is tm big a deal
to be trusted to but we should be able to                 our and   issues that
affect us gives us the vote,  won' try to take over the world. or vote
to lemonade, We would just
                                   •                    133

4E                 Future perfect
and future continuous

Choose the correct tense.
1
This
time tomorrow, we             in Paris.
a
will
be arriving     b Will have been arriving
2
Next
April. my grandparents     the local post Office for forty years.
a
will
be running b Will have been running 3 WillAva her training course by July?
a have completed b have been completing
4 Where will you when you go to Spain?
           a be
staying                          b have been staying
5
Our
plane      by the time you get to the airport.
a
Will
have landed           b will have been landing
6
By
the time they reach Hawaii, they       for nearly two days.
a
Will
be travelling           b Will have been travelling
2
Complete the sentences with the future perfect simple or future perfect
continuous form of the verbs in the box. Sometimes both tenses are possible.
1
In
December, my parents         married for 25 yea
2
Do
you think scientistsa machine time travel by the end Of this
century?
 By the time we get home. Ithe
same clothes for three days!
4 Kirstie and Elsiefor
hours by the time we get there, unless we take a taxi.
 By the time the Olympics begin. most
athletes for months, or even years.  When
we get to Beijing, wenearly 8,000 kilometres.
7
The
kids will need to run around after the concert, because they still for two
hours.
8
By
the end Of today, I               this book for two weeks — and I'll only be
halfway through!
 Dad will be back from his •fun run'
soon. I'm sure he every minute!
10 By the time our grandchildren grow up,
many species Of animalcompletely.
I Unit 4 • Takingastand
3
Rewrite
the sentences as polite enquiries using the future continuous.
I What do you plan to visit next week?
2
How
long are you intending to stayin Paris?
3
When
are you going to leave the hotel?
4
Who
will pay the bill?
4
Complete
the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Include
the future perfect simple or continuous or the future continuous form Of the
verbs in brackets.
We'll finish all our exams in June.
(take) By the end Of June. all our exams. Ben is starting a one—year degree
course. (do) Ben a degree for the next year. The bar stops serving drinks at 11
p.m. (serve) The bar drinks after 11 p.m.
4 My nine-year-old brother started English
lessons When he was five. (have)
When my brother starts secondary school at
eleven, he  English lessons for six years.  I'm
going to learn to drive before I finish school. (learn)
By the time I finish school, I to
drive.  My uncle retires next month after 25
years with the company. (work)
When my uncle retires next month, hefor
the company for 25 years.

Write
  four true sentences about yourself or your family. Use the future continuous
  in 1 and 2 and the future perfect simple
  or future prefect continuous in 3 and 4.

1
2
3
4

Listen to a dialogue between two

DAY
OF ACTION!
 Join
our protest against the latest rises in tuition fees for university
students !
*
March
through the town centre
*    Demonstration outside the town hall
*
Rally
in the park with speeches
*    Handing out leaflets in the shopping
centre
 Collecting
petition signatures on the High Street
THIS SATURDAY - ALL EVENTS START AT 1 P.R.

Sam so, What are we going to do for
the Day Of Action on Saturday?
Chloe I think we should join the demonstration
outside the town hall.

in the park. We can take a picnic and a
football. It'll be fun.
Chloe It isn't about fun. It's a protest!
       Sam                                                                    Il
join th
chloe
2 Complete the table with the highlighted
phrases from exercise I.

agreeing

                                       that.               7

8

teenagers, Ella and Mike. Answer the
questions. I What does Ella suggest doing?

2
What
is her main reason for suggesting it?

3
Whatis
Mike's objection to Ella's suggestion?

does Mike Suggest taking part in?
5
6

persuading
Wouldn't join the march?
Comprom ising or agreeing
0K.
Let's ,
then.
5    Choose
the correct answer.
1
Everybody
is meeting / meets atl p.m. in the park.
2
OK. Who will make
/ is going to make the placards? 3 According to the leaflet, the
speeches start / are starting at 2 p.m.
4 Hmm. I think I'll join / I'm joining the rally instead.
6    Write a dialogue discussing plans for
the Day of Action. Use the dialogue in exercise 1 as a model. Include phrases
from exercise 2.

Unit' • Taking a stand

Preparation
 Read the letter Of protest. Complete
Elsie's paragraph plan below in your own words.
4 April 2013
Mrs
lanes,
1 writing tn exnr•ess my about the proposed closure of the skate
park in LNer Road.
I
understand the council plans to close it in

     healthy                                         to
The
  fact         that in   to practise this facility will also ttæ safety
  of g2gcefgcg-t9 recmsider skate park.
        I                             to
Yours
  sincerely, Elsie Waters Miss E.W.

safety
  in

risk
  to close

OF
  _

the teenagers who currently use
this facility. They will be forced to pursue their hobby in areas which are
less safe, such as streets and shopping centres. only will this make them a'r•e
likely to be involved in accidents with traffic, but it will also create a
hazard for pedestrians. Expecting teenage skateboarders to avoid busy pavements
is simply not realistic. In addition, the planned closure gives a very negative
signal to young people in the town, who have few opportunities for leisure
activities. Although there is a sports centre, teenagers cannot afford to join
it. The skate park allows to socialise in an enjoyable and having pay.

paragraph
  I: Reason for writing

Paragraph 2: First reason
  for protest

paragraph 3: Second reason
  for protest

Paragraph 4: Desired
  action/outcome

I Unit4 • Taking a stand
2 Write the missing words in these phrases.
Then add the underlined phrases in Elsie's letter that could replace each
          It
is important to r                        that
2
It
is for these r_ that I think you should
3
1
wish to r my opposition to
4
I
am particularly c    about
Writing guide
3 You are going to do the exam writing task
below. Think Of two reasons to oppose the plan. Use the words and photos to
give you ideas.

Your local council has
decided to save money by cancelling this year's summer carnival. Write a letter
Of protest (200—250 words) explaining whyy0u think this decision should be
reversed.

•
community
• costumes • procession
•
charity
• fun • fundraising
In your notebook, write a paragraph plan like
the one in exercise 1. Include your ideas from exercise 3.
5 Write your letter in your notebook. Follow
the paragraph plan you made in exercise 4.

CHECK YOUR WORK

ve you:

-clearly
  followed your paragraph plan?
ritten 200-250 words?
used some Of the phrases
  in exercise 2? used an appropriate style for a formal letter?

2 Get Ready for your-Exam

which requires inte:wention from a medical practitioner. It
  occurs when your personal 'body clock' Is out of sync with daylight, so you
  have severe problems with sleeping and waking at the normal times. Scientists
  have found that by using light therapy or chronobherapy or both, they can
  help this condition. You are to sit in front of a full-spectrum light box
  which simulates daylight for a certain amount of time each day. Chronotherapy
  involves having your bedtime gradually moved forwards over a period of weeks
  until you new sleeping habits.

A  Aromatherapy
The smell of certain essential oils is helpful in aiding
  relaxation, which will make it easier to fall asleep. There are four oils you
  can buy that are especially effective for sleep therapy. The most
  fragrant-smelling is lavender, which is a muscle relaxant and bas an overall
  calming effect Chamomile your nervous system and is gentle enough to used not
  only on adults but also on youngsters. Clary Sage and Neroli are
  anti-depressant relax the brain. Use a mixture Of theæ Oils three times
  daily; morning, afternoon and evening. Apply them to the skin or a drops to
  your bathwater.
B  Homeopathy
This kind of sleep therapy stimulates your immune system as
  well as relaxing your mind and body. A stronger immune system leaves your
  body better able to deal with the stresses and strains of everyday life and
  perks you up, putting you in a much more buoyant and positive mood. There are
  several kinds of homeopathic remedy available over the counter in selected
  pharmacies. Put a few drops in water to drink or — for a more tailored
  therapy — consult a homeopathic practitioner who will prescribe you a
  personal remedy that fits your type of sleeplessness. You Will be given drops
  or small pills take.
C  Healing touch therapy
There are several methods of massage which all have a holistic
  effect on the body. Many health troubles are stress-related, because stress
  causes the body's equilibrium to become unbalanced. Massage or •healing touch
  therapy is a proven technique for calming the body's central nel".'ous
  sygt.em. It is very efficient as a treatment for stress and Insomnia, as well
  as promoting a return to full health. Massage, wmbined with the use of the
  correct essential  is a doubly powerful sleep therapy. It is a
  therapy, however, that you cannot do yourself and requires a qualified
  practitioner.
D  Liat therapy
  and chronotherapy
Circadian rhythm slæp
  disorder' is a condition

cheers you up as it takes effect?

2
  makes you less likely to get sick?

3 restores the balance of your
  body?

4 is mild
  enough to be recommended even for children?

requires
  you to change your daily routine?

6 works
  even better when used alongside another thera ?

7 requires special equipment?

EXAM TASK - Reading
Read the text and for each question (1—7) choose
the paragraph (A—D) it refers to. Each letter can be used more than once.
therapy:
                             Get
 foryour Exam 2
         2
    Get Ready for your Exam
EXAM TASK -
Use of English

EXAM TASK - Listening
You are going to hear a radio interview.
Choose the correct answer, A. B, C or D, to complete each sentence.
1 According to Tanya, research suggests that
A     most
social activists today are in their twenties.
B     American
activists organise more social action than those in Europe.
C     73%
of young people boycotted companies last year.
D    this
year neartv twice as many young people took social action as last year.
2
When
asked about the Internet, Tanya says that
A    Facebook
is a good example Of a social-networking site that actively supports big
causes.
B    Twitter
is the most popular website for organising social protests.
C    there
are websites set up especially for organising social action.
D    the
Internet is the best way to gather together people with similar opinions.
3
Molly
Katchpole was upset with her bank
A    when
they introduced fees for online payments.
B    so
she forced them to return the fees they unfairly charged her.
C    so she got 130,000 people to sign a
petition against them.
D    so she decided to change bank as a
sign Of protest. 4 Tanya says that today
A
there
still aren't enough people who support social action.
B
young
people know they can make a difference in the world.
C

people
feel they don't have enough information to get involved in social action.
D

the
most successful group in political protests are young people.
I Get Ready for your Exam 2
Complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first sentence. Use the word in brackets. pay attention to
spelling and grammatical correctness.
I never liked olives till I went to Greece.
(have) olives since I went to Greece. Michelle had to listen to Grandma's story
for the whole evening. (made) Grandma to her Story for the whole evening.
3 He played football forten years, then he
broke his leg and had to retire. (been)
After he football for ten years, he broke his
leg and had to retire.
Jared was never this rude as a child. (used)
      Jared                                             this
rude as a child.
5
But
did the team eventually manage to win the game?
That's what I'd like to know! (in
      I'd like to know                                             the
game.
6
Oops!
You broke Mum's favourite cup. I'm sure she'll be angry. (bound)
Oops! You broke Mum's
favourite cup. She angry.

EXAM TASK -
Speaking

The town council want to close a park near
your school. You are a member Of the student committee, Which is planning to
organise a protest against this decision. Talk to a friend about the steps to
be taken.
Discuss your arguments in favour Of saving
the park, and agree on:
•
the
type Of action you want to take. participants.
•
advertising.

EXAM TASK - writing

The town council are planning to rebuild the
local  swimming pool. There are five different
projects, from a very ambitious one With a modern spa and water slides to a
simple renovation of the existing pool. Yesterday there was a meeting with the
general public in the local community centre, where people could find out more
and  express their ideas and wishes.
Write a report of 210—230 words for the local
newspaper about this event. In your report say  how
many people appeared.
what the atmosphere was like.
       • What questions people asked.  what
the result was.
Write your report in the appropriate style
and format.

Technology
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Computing

VOCABULARY BUILDER (5.1): TECHNOLOGY

COMPONENTS »SB PAGE 138«

Label the pictures With the words in the
  box.
1                                         3
4                                                    6
9

Complete the texts with the verbs and
prepositions in the
I love social networking. I t
Faceb00k most evenings. I usually find lots
Of Other friends
online too and their chats or I • comments
their walls. I usually' my profile once a week Or so — maybe change the photo
or add something to my list oflikes and dislikes.

a
lot of apps and music to my computer. usually s iTunes. But the tracks are
quite expensive, so I also a lot of live radio my phone or computer. play in a
band and I videos Of us playing new tracks our YouTube channel so that other
people can see them.
2 Choose the correct verbs to complete the
instructions.
Sometimes both verbs are correct.
1
Scroll
down / Tap to the bottom ofthe page and click on / enter the 'Contact' link.
2
Browse
/ Search through the folders on your hard drive, then double-click / press on
the relevant icon.
3
Enter
/ Key the postcode, then zoom in / zoom out to See the street in greater
detail.
 Swipe
down / Scroll down the list Of contacts and tap on / click on the name you are
looking for.
 Highlight / Scan the words you want to
change and click on / key the relevant button on the toolbar.
 Match five Of the tasks (A—G) below
with the instructions in exercise 2. There are two tasks that you do not need.
A
find
and open a document on your computer.
B
Reformat
text in a document.
C
Find
and watch a video on your phone.
D
Get
in touch With the people who run a website.
E
Stream
a song to your computer.
F
Find
a friend's contact details on your smartphone. G Locate a friend's address on
an online map.
5

GRAMMAR
Passive: all form
5B
1
Complete
the sentences with an appropriate passive      3 Complete the sentences with
the passive form of the verbs

form Of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes two
tenses are possible.
1
By
next weekend, the house (redecorate).
2
1
had a feeling that I        (laugh at).
your car
(service) this year?' 'NO, not yet.'

4
  The vandals Who

(arrest)
  by the

police this morning

(see)
  last night

near a shop Window that

(break).

5
  Right now the church you can't go inside.

(renovate), so

6
We'll
have to wait until the gas cooker
(repair) before we can safely use it again.
7
Many
rare species (threaten) by Climate change and could become extinct.
2
Make
the active sentences passive. Be careful where you put the adverbs and
prepositions.
1
You
can easily find our contact details on the website.
2
Thieves
have recentty broken into my hwse.
3
In
German cities, they often dean the streets at night.
4
They
sang that song beautifully.
5
Somebody
has looked after this vintage carverywell.
6
The
teacher spoke to the student about his bad behaviour.
in the box.
1 1 can't find my wallet. I think it might
Shoes mustn't            in the mosque.
Please remove them before you go in.
My letter didn't arrive. It must             in
the post.
4 The deadline for my school project is
tomorrow. So it has this evening. 5 1 think smoking is terrible. It should
illegal years ago.
6
You
shouldn't have left the scene of the accident. You ought to it to the police.
7
During
the flight hand luggage can in the cwerhead lockers.
Do you think London might ever again to
host the Olympic Games?
4 Underline the mistakes and write the
sentences correctly.
I I thought that I'd been being followed.
2
This
house Will be never sold.
3
The
menu bar can being find at the top Of the screen.
4
The
children were looked by the babysitter after.
5
1've
been being stared at by that man.
Complete the sentences with a passive
structure.
1    Homework
must
2    1
don't like
3    The
exam results will

I

4    Computers
mustn't

Revision: Student's Book page 51

The drug I was taking had an
  unpleasant it made me feel a bit sick.
2    The
  doctors will have to carry out some tests before they can make an accurate
3    1
  had a tetanus       it didn't hurt.
in

Choose the correct words to complete
•e text below.
 a each                  b all             c
every          d the
2   a as   b for      c like      d to be
3   a
which             b that      c when   d what
                                      With          c
for                 d in
5 a
provided                until          c unless          d once
     a away                     on             c
Over             d through
Paranoia
or real concerns?
time we visit a website, •cookies' are sent
to             computer and stored there, hidden from view.
people do not even know they are there. But
what what are they used for? Some people see them
•spies' that record all our activity on
the Internet, consider them to be harmless devices designed to •e easier for
us. They are basically text files that store that may be useful to the owners
of websites that can record which you looked at and, visit that site, appears
on screen takes also record payment details when you it easier for you to shop
again at
s                                              *Out.
th81? That probably depends on storing information about wøsites we  too
3 Are these sentences about the text true (T)
or false (F)?
 The text contains mostly fact, not
opinion.
2 We do not know the writer's own opinion on
Internet C] pnvacy.
 Listen
to six teenagers talking about
Internet privacy. Which three speakers have serious

5

 It's easy to ignore online
advertisements.
 Losing our privacy is the price we pay
for services that websites like Google provide.
e Online advertisements can be harmful.
    I trust the website companies to
take good care of my personal data.
Write about your opinion on Internet
privacy. Give and/or examples to justify your views.
much personal information about users.
Social-networking sites know about our friends, our tastes, our view of the
world, our politics, Our marital status, etc„ and that information target you
personalised advertising. Moreover, some people fear that you have over
perstx-nal data, it's very difficult to have it destroyed. more, data end up
anywhere — the police or the government might want to

see it, Or Companies might use it in
unexpected or

You
  do, of course, have a choice. You can restrict

information

you
  pass •             to Google and other sites. The

is that

you miÿlt find that
  surfing the Net and online become a lot more difficult.

suddenly

5

Revision: Student's Book
  page 53

Complete
  the sentences With the words in the box. Use each word twice. Use the
  appropriate part of speech (noun or verb) and the correct form.

I The film you bought on
  eBay isn't genuine. It's been
2    1've           my
  iPhone so that I can run unofficial software On it.
3    Last
  week two men were convicted Of
They had made thousands Of
  illegal copies Of computer games and tried to sell them online. 4 A teenager
  was arrested forinto a government website.
share information on the
  Internet about how to alter the software on their smartphones.
6
  Some computerjust do it for fun, others
  because they want to steal sensitive information.

4
Read the text again and answer the questions.
I What do Internet trolls try to do When they
join online discussions?
2
Why
did Nicola Brookes feel sympathy for the reality TV sta r?
3
What is the most devastating consequence
of troll attack mentioned in the text?
4
Why
do trolls feel free to say unpleasant things online?
2
Read
the text opposite, ignoring the gaps. and answer the questions.            5
What has Facebook been made to do? I How many victims Of Internet trolls are
named in the text?
2
How many Internet trolls are named in the text?
3    Match
the gaps in the text (1—6) with six ofthe sentences (A—H) below. There are two
sentences that you do not need.
A    More
than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a fake Facebook page
was set up in her name.
B    Despite
this, campaigners warn that online bullying is becoming increasingly common.
 Some visitors to the website might
think that the opinion is genuine and Start arguing.
D One troll was jailed for 56 days after
tweeting such a message.
 Facebook too were unhelpful.
 They are in a virtual world and do not
have to face their victims.
G   But
will the website operators reveal the names of the trolls?
H   Some
even threaten physical violence.

An troll is someone Who posts provocative in an online chat
  •cial-networki_ng site or blog. Their aim is
—atribute
  to the discussion, but to up—t them angry.
Sometimes the comments are fairly a troll
  might Visit a website that is to combatting global warming and post a comment
'
  Global warming Is a myth made up sannd-r8te æientlsts who Just want to
  further their own n.reerx'
This is
  exactly What the troll fight.
However, many trolls are far more dangerous
  and pst comments that are deeply hurtful, and often of
ZXiSt or racist nature. In 2011, 45-year—old licola Brookes
  left a of support for a reality contestant on Facebook. The contestant had
  hate mall on Facebook and, feeling sympathy the young man, Mg Brookes
  left a message on his ncebook Saying simply: 'Keep your chin up,
Frankie,
  they'll move on to someone else soon.' They move on to someone else - Ms
  Brookes - within
trolling probably has the highest prome cases. Premier League
  footballer Fabrice Mua.mba on the pitch during a match in 2012,
  racist appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in misfortune and laughing at him.
  4 C) Thankfully,
Eamba
  made a complete recovery. The effects of such can be devastating, especially
  for people Who targeted precisely becauge they admitted to vulnerability in
  the first There have even been two well-publicised incidences of people taking
  .n lives after being targeted by trolls on —-networklng sites.
post mess*s
that cause such of them are sad, lonely people with

             problems who  the attention their
They behave badly online
  because they normal standards Of polite and
They say
  things that they dare to   tn     Finally, trolls æmain anonymous and
  that no dizcver who they
When Nicola Brookes first
  the police and made a complaint, they told her there was nothing they could
  do. •a
So
  she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose
  the Identities of the trolls who had been tormenting her. She won the case
  and is free to pursue private prosecutions against those responsible for
  abusing her. With trolls facing exposure and possible prosecution In future, hopefully
  they Will think twice before posting abusive mess*s.

5

I
  Rewrite the text. Use passive structures to make the underlined words the
  main focus of the sentences.

 Nobody informed me about
  the change of venue.

6 I
hope nobody will blame me for the accident.
Mark Zuckerberg created in
2øø4 when he was a student at Harvard They will
install WI-fi in the school once they have agreed
University. He originally  on a price.
intended it to be a in which people could photos
of and rate them according to who was 8 They wouldn't have cancelled the
concert if they'd sold the most attractive. The      more tickets. college
banned within days, but it later became the basis for the social 3 Rewrite the
sentences using the passive. Make the indirect site we km:" today. At
object the subject. first, it granted only to students, but They gave the
teacher a present at the end Ofthe year. later allowed the age of

at

end
  Of the

-to join. over one billion people
actively use In 2e11, Forbes Magazine declared Nobody has taught him good
manners. to be the ninth mst powerful person in
the world.
 My boss is promising me a big pay rise.

Find
  outfourinteresting facts about the invention of YouTube. Express them using
  passive structures.

2
4

4
They gave me ten minutes to make up my mind.

 They
won't Offer the job to Martin.
6
They
awarded prizes to the cleverest students.
7
The
bank owes Harry £100.
8
Somebody
threw the boy a lifebelt.
2 Rewrite these active sentences as passive
sentences, avoiding the words somebody, nobody, they and people. 1 people have
polluted the lakes in our region.
2
They've
sold the house next door.
3
Somebody
will tell you when to start the exam.
4
They
should have picked up the kids before four o'clock.
5
Read the exam
speaking task below.
the words in the box. Then listen to a
student answering the questions. Which hotel does she choose and Why?

In a
competition you have won a two-night Stay for you and family at one Of these
hotels. Which would you ch•se and Why? Why are you rejecting the Other options?

4    Complete the sentences from the
student-s answer. Then listen again and check.
2 Look at the photos ofthe
hotel rooms below. Write two sentences speculating about each photo. use the
phrases
                 5 Look at the
photos again. In your notebook, write answers
      Photo 2                                                                                to
the questions in the exam speaking task below.

Preparation
 Complete the sentences using the future
in the past.
1 'There's no time to geta coffee. The coach
leaves in five minutes!'

nn time

the

My cousin arrived on Friday.

3
'I'm
looking for a job. I'll have to pay my university fees.' She was looking for a
job because

4
•I'm
excited. I'm going to get a new smartphone for my birthday.'
She was excited because

5
'I
know I'll never forget your kindness.' She knew

6
•We
must get tickets quickly. The film starts in five minutes:

2
Punctuate
the sentences. Th" au contain direct speech.
1
Where's
the satnav she asked
2
He's
so lazy she muttered He never helps
3
What
you need he commented is a ho iday
4
My
favourite sport he declared is rugby
5
1
hate you she screamed Get out Of here
3
Choose
the correct speech verbs.
I •Don't ever speakto me like that!' she
bellowed stressed.
2
•you
just don't trust me. do you?' she grumbled / warned.
3
•That's
a nice dress,' he remarked / stressed.
4
'We're
getting married in May,' she announced / tioned.
5

•It
was my fault.' he assured / acknowledged.
I unit 5
Writing guide
 You are going to do the exam writing
task below. Plan your story using the chart below.

Write a story in Which a
piece Of technology is Of great help to the main character.

Background: When/Where the
  events happen

Main character(s)

Item of technology
  involved and how it helps

What
  happens as a result

the
  story ends

5
Think
of a beginning for your Story. You could
•
set
the scene.
 start With a dialogue.
•
start
by looking back.
6
Write
your story (200—250 words) in your notebook.

A matter of taste

VOCABULARY

BUILDER
  (6.1): INFORMAL FOOD

IDIOMS

PAGE
  139"

3                                                with
  the words in the box.
Theo has got a lot on his        at
  the moment. what     his school exams and the football
2
  mum Ekes to keep
  fit. but my dad is a real couch
3
  tell you all about my holiday later, but in
.
  it was enjoyable but not fantastic.
4
  The team has sacked their manager, but neither side
  Will spill the               about what happened.
5
  Our
  neighbour owns an apartment in Paris, and ifwe her up, she might let us Stay
  there.
6
  As an artist, he's very talented, but as a person, he's
  totally out to
How can you be so full of this earlyit
  the morning?
8
  She loves her job, but she's paid
9    Our
  plan to buya holiday home in Barbados turned out to be   in the sky.

Solve the anagrams. Does the missing
word have a positive (+) or negative (—) meaning? Circle + or — .
1
This soup is
really
(PANTSUNLEA).
2
The
sandwiches had been made With
(SALET) bread. /
3
This
chicken is
(GOTUH). (¥ /
My starter was rather
(SELSATTES).
S The
mushroom pie was served (RACYEM) mashed potato. (+ /
curry sauce was very

(LADBN).
7 For breakfast, they ate
poached eggs With
(RYSCIP) bacon.
I noticed that the orange juice
(TIBTRE).

Write
  a menu which includes eight of the adjectives in the box. You can decide how
  many different dishes to include.

These
chips are extremely (SAYREG).
the sentences with the opposite of the
—'tined adjectives.
curry isn't too but in
                                                                                6                    of

    6B GRAMMAR       sive:     vanc           ctures

I                                     Complete
  the second sentence so that it

3

Complete
  the second sentence so that it

means the same as the
  first sentence. Include the passive

means
  the same as the first sentence. Use the passive with

Of
  know, think or believe.

may/might, should or must.

1 It's known that there
  were early human settlements near

1 It's possible somebody
  told Josh about the party.

natural salt deposits.

Josh

There

It's essential to pay for
  tickets in advance.

near
  natural salt deposits.

Tickets

2 Soldiers in the ancient
  Roman army are known to have

3 It's good to water
  plants once a week.

received salt as part of
  their wages.

Plants

It

4 It's possible rabbits
  will eat our crops.

salt
  as part of their wages.

Our crops

3 A thousand years ago,
  salt was thought to be as valuable

The
  only logical conclusion is that somebody stole our

as gold.

satellite dish.

A thousand years ago, it
  as valuable as gold.

Our satellite dish

4 It's thought that a
  British taxon saltwas one of the

Complete
  the sentences with the passive gerund Or passive

factors which led to Indian independence.
A British tax on salt which led to
  Indian

infinitive
  Of the verbs in the box.

independence.

I
  I realty can't stand                              flowers.

        5
  In some cultures even                                    that salt has

2
  Do you remember                           to clean your room?

magical
  powers.

3
  Our babysitter wants                            a childcare

In
  some cultures even today. salt

professional.

magical
  powers.

4
  My dad hopes                             president of the golf club.

         6
  It's                                                      problems connected

      Beyoncé
  will never agree                         for your

with eating too much salt.

magazine.

There are

6
  The shoplifter avoided                              by security guards.

            connected
  with eating too           salt.

7
  1've arranged                            by taxi at midnight.

the mistakes and write the

8
  These days, women at work expect                               more

sentences correctly.
1
  Two thousand years                earth was known it was round.

fairly than in the past.
Complete these sentences
  with your own ideas. Begin

2 The dinosaurs are
  believed to die out because of a huge

with
  a passive gerund or passive infinitive.

meteor impact.

1
  1'm used to

3
  There have been known to be jellyfish in the sea for more

2 Can you imagine

than 500 million years.

4 Today, the earth was
  known to have been 4.5 billion years old.

3 One day, I hope

4
I
don't remember
5
Most
people would prefer
than
       I Unit 6        matter
of taste
CULTURE Healthy
living
can
talk about foodund

Revision: Student's Book
  page 61

Match the words in lists A
  and B to form compound nouns. Then use them to complete the sentences below.
1
  Even
  a small, daily can cause problems in the long term.
2
  Too many sugary
  drinks and snacks can lead to rapid
3
  In
  the past, people burned more calories because they had a less
A good way for parents to prevent Obesity in children
  is to control
S Losing weight does not
  reduce the number of in your body, but they get smaller.

A NEW WAY
TOVGETYSLIM?

Complete the text opposite With words from
the words in brackets.
questions about the text.
t   condition was the drug Exenatide
initially "signed to help?
       2          is the
difference between Exenatide and exendin-4?
—h part of a Gila monster is exendin-4 obtained from?
—h area of the brain does the drug work on?
S Ex other problems might the drug be able to
help, from overeating?
•
Listen
to three people giving their slimming drugs. Which speaker is the most favour
of the drug? Speaker
Listen again. Match the opinions With Write 1.2 or 3 in
the boxes.
believes
•
lose
weight if they avoid an energy
a good Start for weight loss?
misuse the pill?
C]
•
a
   effect on self-image?
rapid
weight loss are but research to
Sweden have a drug whk:h from oversized
and • lizard can effectively reduce food cravings.The claims have recently been
published in The Journal of
The drug Exenatide is widety used to control the blood
sugar levels of people with type 2 diabetes. It is an art#ially produced
equiKIÞnt of a s           (nature) occurring chemical caged exendin4.
which comes from a æry unusual source: the saliva of a Gila monster,
Göa monsters are a type of lizard found the deserts of North America and
are one of only two species of lizard
(know) to produce venom. Since collecting tt-E saliva no
easy task. scientists developed a way of creating a synthetic version of
exendin4.
Now, researchers at tt•E Sahlgrenska Academy. part of the
University of Gothenburg. have discovered that the drug has an  (interest) side
effect A study with rats has demonstrated that exendin-4 is effective at
reducing cravings for food. Leader of tt•E study, Assistant
Karolina Skibicka, described the                         (fro
as
'both unknown and quite            (expect)'. Scientists
that the drug may have applications beF.nd weight control. Since it targets the
reword centres in the brain. it could potentially be used to control all kinds
of addictims,

including drug dependency and

(aIcohol).

6

Of

Revision:
  Student's Book page 62

Underground is forbidden.
I logged into my
  girlfriend's Facebook account without
They opened their first
  restaurant five years ago, and it was an instant
4
  His mother's              has always been very important to him.
There is always a huge security surrounding
  the Olympic Games.
6 We bought this exercise
  bike after seeing the on TV. 7 Harry and Isaac
  aren't talking to each Other — they must have had a big
8
  A police investigation has begun following the of a body in a river.
of
  the fridge. people used ice to keep food cool.
2 Form a noun orverb from each
  adjective below, using a dictionary to help you if necesgry. Then write an
  example sentence for each one. 1 tired:
4

3    Read the texts opposite. Which Of the
secret recipes is the Oldest?
4    Choose
the correct recipe.
Which recipe:
1
is
now kept more safely than it used to be?
2
did
somebody pay money for?
3
is
probably worth the most Of the three?
4
includes
quantities but not the method?
5
was
accidently thrown out bythe makers?
6
is
known by onlytwo people at the company?
7
has
never been bought or found?
8

is
partly revealed on the product label?
matteroftaste

Secret .
recnpes
Lea
& Perrins
Developed
by John Wheeley Lea and William Perrins, Worcestershire Sauce, with its rich
and spicy taste, was an instant success when it went on sale in 1838. Since
that time, the for
making the sauce has been a closely-guarded secret. But after more than 170
years, the original recipe has been revealed- It was found in notes dating from
the mid-1800s that were inadvertently in a n.ñish bin by the sauce
factory. Brian Keogh. a former Lea & Perrins employee, discovered the
notes. which were neatly written in ink in two leather-bound notebooks, rescued them.
label
on bottles of the sauce lists vinegar, mlasses, sugar, salt, anchovies,
tamarind extract, a-ions and garlic. aut it doesn't reveal the identity other key ingredients, merely adding
'spice' and
.
Mr Keogh's documents reveal that these include cloves, soy sauce, lemons,
pickles and
They
also show the all-important ratios of the which until now have also remained
However,
even with all the ingredients, there guarantee you would be able to make the
sauce, what makes it distinctive is the way it is made, is still a secret.
Dr pepper
Poking
through antiques stores while travelling in Texas, Bill Waters found a tattered
old notebook filled with formulas.
He
bought it for $200, could resell it for five times that. It his instinct about
the book's value was more knew. Mr Waters discovered that the the drugstore
where Dr Pepper was a recipe for •D Peppers Bitters'. after buying the book,
Waters took to sell it. He noticed store caned the •Old Corner

Drug Store'. An
Internet search revealed Dr Pepper, first served in 1885, was invented at the
Old Corner Drug Store. As he gathered more information, Waters took a slower look
through the 360 pages, which are filled with formulas for everything from piano
polish to hair restcxer. He eventually spotted the •D Peppers Bitters' The handwriting is not clear, but
ingredlents —n to imlude mandrake root and syrup.
I
had a national treasure,' said Waters. 'It has specks of the original
concoction on its pepper's manufacturer says the recipe is not for the modern
day soft drink, only
Dr
employees. But despite that, is to sell for between $50 ,OOO 575.000 it
gæs up for auction.
(KFC)
Colonel Sanders• handwritten recipe
for fried chicken arrived back in its Kentucky home on Tuesday after five
months in hiding while KFC upgraded security arrangements.
KFC
president Roger Eaton was visibly relieved when the door to a new electronic
safe was shut with the single sheet of paper inside. •Mission accomplished,' he
said.
The
recipe lays out a mix of eleven herbs and spices that coat the chain's Original
Recipe chicken, including exact amounts for each ingredient. Written in pencil
and signed by Harland Sanders around 70 years ago, the iconic recipe is now
protected by an array of hightech security gadgets, including motion detectors
and cameras.
The
recipe is such a tightly held secret that not even Eaton knows its full
contents. Only two company executives at any time have access to the recipe.
KFC won't release their names or titles, and it uses multiple suppliers who
produce and blend the ingredients btR know only a part of the contents.
Just how valuable is the recipe?
According to p Hustad, a professor of marketing in Indiana, the value is just
as high for this secret recipe as for the Co• formula. 'l guess I'd put those
two at the pyramid,' he said.
The company's security expert Bo Dieti
security measures were essential. For recipe was kept in a filing cabinet
combination locks. 'You could hae used a rætal bar to that thing up,' Dietl said.
of

GRAMMAR Articles and
  quantifiers
uan
  ers Corr

I Complete the text With a, an, the or nothing if no
article is required.
Although British are more
health-conscious than they used to be, many of them still like to eat bacon for
breakfast once or twice week. But most are unaware that there is unusual custom
surrounding bacon.
custom
is known to date back hundreds Of years to 13th century or even earlier.
According to tradition, married couple could Win a large piece Of bacon if they
could prove to a judge that they had not regretted their marriage or had •
argument for at least year and day. In one town, Dunmow. couple had to
kneel on sharp stones and say special poem which ended with the lines: •For
this is Our Custom at Dunmow well known, Though the pleasure be ours. the
bacon's your own.' Afterpoem, there was a noisy parade around
town. Dunmow claims to be the only Britain which still continues tradition to
this day.
2
Choose
the correct words to complete the sentences.
I My parentswent to university,
but neither of them finished their degree.
           a
both               b every                  c either
     2 Nearly                       of my
classmates are going to the

           a
every              b most                   c all
3
My
grandfather left £1,000 toof his grandchildren.
           a
each               b every                  c either
4
The
best thing about this Indian restaurant is that dish tastes
different.
           a
another         b all
5
We've hardly spenttogether this

holiday.

a
  all

b
  any

c Whole

3
Complete
the sentences with few, a few, little or a little. Your homework would be
better if you spent more time on it.
2
These
days, there are so        opportunities to escape from technology.
3
1've
invited Claudia to the party, but frankly there's chance she'll come.
Anna is spending the weekend with of her
friends from school.
5
As
the detective was leaving the room, he noticed blood on the wall.
6
Soya beans contain
a lot of protein and very fat.
7
Many
people start writing a novel, but people actually finish.
8
My
grandmother spent years in India when she was a child.
4
Add
ofto these sentences only when it is necessary in order to make the sentence
correct.
I I gave Christmas presents to all_ my friends.
2
Lions
spend much    their time sleeping.
3
Both          his
sisters went to this school.
4
Each
          us understood how serious the situation was.
5
'twas
so hot that I spent the whole _ night awake. 6 Are many _ your friends going to
university?
5
Complete the second sentence so that it
means the same as the first sentence. Use the words in brackets.
 We didn't see any polar bears in
Alaska. (no)

in Alaska.
 There were very few people in the
square. (any)
There
in the square.
3 He gave each of the children a copy Ofhis
new book.
(every)
He gave

Of his new book.
 We couldn't eat all of the cake — it
was huge! (whole)
We
couldn 't it was huge!
5 He spent most of his holiday in bed with
sunstroke.
(nearly) He spent in
bed with sunstroke.

-l                6
• matter of taste
Listen to a student doing the exam speaking task below.
Which option does he choose? What               2 Draw lines to match the two
halves of the phrases in the two reasons does he give for choosing it?      chart.

1 To my

opinion that

strongly that

3
  I'm of the

mind

4 I feel fairly

clear to me that

5 't seems

opamon

6
  1              have any

argued that

7
  rm not

g a case for arguing that

8 could be

sure. really.

9
  There might Se

Strong opinions about

10
  On

time,

11
  But then

the other hand,

12 Having

said that,

13 At the same

m
  again,

You are planning a meal
  With classmates to celebrate the end of your exams. What kind of meal will
  you have? Choose one of the options in the photos. Justify your choice and
  say why you rejected the other suggestions.

3
Complete the headings (A—C) in the chart in exercise 2 using three Of the
descriptions below.
1     Tentative
opinions
2     Suggestions
3     Firm
opinions
4     Counter-arguments
5     Agreement
and compromise
Write answers to the questions below. Include
at least two phrases from exercise 2 in each answer.
1    Do
you think advertisements for junk food should be banned? Why? / Why not?
2    Do
you think children should be taught about healthy eating at school? Why? / Why
not?
                                                                                unit 6                   Of

Preparation
Read the exam writing task and the model text
below.
Match the paragraphs (1—5) with the
headings (a—D. There is one heading that you do not need.

Describe
a restaurant which. because of its food and service, you would recommend as a
good place for a special family meal.

 The
Silver Spoon is situated on a side street in a residential part of town. There
are hardly any Other shops or restaurants in the Street. so if you didn't know
it was there, you would never find it by chance. But it's definitely worth a
special visit, even though it's Off the beaten track.
 Stepping
inside, you notice that the interior is nothing special. It's quite traditional
and a little dark - nothing like all the trendy, minimalist restaurants you
find in town. But it's very comfortable.
 What
made a big impression on me the first time I went to the Silver Spoon was the
friendliness of the people who work there. Therre extremely welcoming from the
moment you walk through the door. And throughout the meal, they're attentive
without being annoying. They always manage to create a very relaxing and
informal atmosphere.
4
But.
Of course, the most important aspect Of any restaurant is the menu, and this is
definitely the Silver Spoon's main attraction. They Offer a range Of dishes to
Suit every taste, from basic pasta with tomato sauce to exotic hot and sour
Thai salads. The choice is impressive and the ingredients are always fresh. TO
finish the meal. they offer a variety Of mouth-watering desserts.
5
All
in all, the SilverSpoon is the perfect place for a special family meal. There
are options to suit every budget, and for What you pay it's a great deal.
a
Food b Staff c Value for money  Location
 Decor
 Atmosphere
2 Rewrite the sentences replacing the
underlined words With more interesting adjectives.

1
1 had a big pizza in a nice,restaurantby the sea.

• matter of taste
4
We
had a table by the window and enjoyed the great
views.

5
The
room was big,but there was a good atmosphere.

Writing guide
3 You are going to do the exam writing
task in exercise 1. Plan your description by choosing four of the paragraph
headings (a—O and writing them in the chart below.

Paragraph
  I:

Paragraph 2:

ragraph 3:

paragraph 4:

paragraph
  5: Conclusion

Add  to
your paragraph plan. You do not need to write complete sentences, but do
include some interesting adjectives.
5 Write your description (200—250 words) in
your notebook.

     3       Get Ready for your
EXAM
TASK - Reading                                                                                A
And I truly believe that eventually they will influence
Read the article about the influence Of
technology   all types of study, both in school and beyond the on students'
learning. For each gap (1—7) choose the      classroom.
sentence (A—D that fits best. There are
three sentences        B It's hard not to wonder Why, being aware of that, that
you do not need.     educators don't customise the way they teach and test.
C
Asignificant
one, it seems, according to experts.

e-learning:
  Hazy past — better future?
How
  much of an effect does technology have on students' learning? For the last
  fifteen years, there have been countless studies made of the impact of
  technology on helping students to learn. Currently available technologies,
  the most important ofwhich are computers and the Internet. apparently provide
  a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can
  flourish. 2 or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I'm
  afraid.
Computers
  have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. This is because
  schools have done what every organisation when it sees an innovation — it
  crams the innovation into its existing model, which adds cost doesn't transform the standard
  classroom.
 Content is king and the mode of
  Elivery is irrelevant If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it
  does not matter what, ifany,  is
  used. Furthermore, it is perhaps an
±vious point, but every person learns differently. We
  have different intelligences, aptitudes and Þarning styles depending on
  the subject.
This
  would be perfectly possible computers. Except that, unfortunately, learning
  plans are still prohibitively as compared to a generalised class plan.
change is on the horizon. I think
  studentlearning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will
  pave the way ar more independent learning.
can study from home thanks to the
  fact that learning programmes are being written for who are forced by their
  circumstances to
Þ—if-sufficient.
  There will be a wealth of tests, exams, courses and degrees, to a high and
  globally-acceptable This would prove beneficial in those areas of the world quality
  education is limited or extremely Therefore, in a few years' time we could
  and have a completely different technology and its impact on

D
Technology allows students to study at their own pace and
encourages them to take the initiative and learn independently.
E
The
process of learning in the classroom may become sõficantly more
effective as students can manipulate information on the computer.
F
There
        of course. hurdles like costs to overcome, but ifs just a matter of
time and effort.
G
We
have. during that period, spent over $60 billion on them. but in my view they
seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools.
H
Computers
are only as good as the teachers who are teaching With them.
Students who currently don't have access to
schools or teachers are now able to get online.
Students can communicate their ideas to their
teacher using a variety of media.

EXAM TASK — Listening

You are going to hear five people
talking about weight loss. Use the information from the listening to complete
the sentences (1—5). Use two or three words.
Speaker I is only slim if she is calories.
2
Speaker
2 thinks: 'As long as you burn you eat, you have nothing to worry about.'
3
Speaker
3 has always been a few kilos overweight. She's trying to lose them          calories.
Speaker 4 is worried he will if he doesn't
keep playing rugby.
 5 Speaker 5 doesn't eat carefully to
Stay slim but to
Get Ready for your Exam 3

EXAM TASK - Use of
English

Read the text below. Choose the correct
answer, A. B, C or D, to complete each gap.

Semco,
a Brazilian manufacturing company, is possibly one Of the most interesting
companies in the world. t its competitors. there are no job titles, offices,
bosses or secretaries. people set their own salaries and organise their own
work day, and everyone shares in the profits. This may sound like for disaster.
Nonetheless, Semco has grown consistently for the last twenty years, despite
being located in one of the world's most volatile markets.
Ricardo
Semler took over the company from his father at the tender age Of 21. If there
hadn't been a worldwide recession, such responsibility so early on this young
man's shoulders. However, Semler saw an opportunity for change, since Sernco
previously run on traditional authoritarian lines. Overnight he fired 60% Of
the company's top management, many Of whom were his father's friends.
Semler
set to work designing a diversification strategy. One of his managers came the
idea of small, self-managed teams Of workers who would be entirely in charge of
all aspects of production. Their salaries would be linked to the profit they
made. did costs go down. but productivity and profits also went up. The new
Semco was being born.

A Contrary B Unlike

C
  Against

D Opposed

      A
  case             B definition

C idea

D
  recipe

A might not B can't have

C must not

D could not

have fallen fallen

be
  falling

fall

4 A has               B had been

C
  was

D has been

     A down to       B
  forward

C up with

D into

6
  A When                B Even though

C While

D
  Not only

EXAM TASK -
Speaking

These two photographs show people eating.
Compare and contrast them.
These ideas may help you:
•
setting
— place and atmosphere
•
people's
feelings — mood, facial expressions, conversation
•

food
— people's eating habits and attitudes to food

EXAM
TASK - Writing

I Get Ready for your Exam 3

 You
have seen an advert in a teenage magazine in which they
invite schools to participate in a competition entitled  Healthy
School. Write an email (200—220 words) to the  organisers.
In your email
 • Say why you are writing.
 • explain how your school supports
healthy lifestyles.
•
ask
for more information on the competition.
•
ask
how to apply to take partin the competition.
Write your email in the appropriate
style and format.

 Communication

VOCABULARY
  BUILDER (7.2): HEADLINES AND NEWS

VOCABULARY
  »SB PAGE 140"

3
  Complete the headlines with the words in the box. Then write a complete
  sentence explaining each headline.

Complete the definitions.
1    A
very short item of important news: newsf
2    A TV channel that only has news
stories: r channel
3    A
news report of something that is happening now:
A newspaper with serious news and
analysis:
-5 An article in a newspaper that gives
the papers political point of view. e
 A newspaper with lots Of gossip and
human-interest stories: t
7 The act of altering or
removing articles from newspapers that are thought be politically threatening
or immoral:

A
description of an event by somebodywho actually saw account
A personal record of news on a website
that is frequently updated: n
Someone Who reports news from a
particular country or on a particular subject: c
 An
article in a newspaper that appears regularly and is usually written by the
same person: c
 The
first page of a newspaper: f page The spreading of news by ordinary people:
journalism

Find
    two interesting
    headlines on British newspaper websites (e.g. www.mirror.co.uk).Write them
    below With explanation.

an
2

Listen to an excerpt from a TV news
&sh. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1
The
information in Dan's report is new.
2
has
seen tanks on the streets.
3
Dan
knows where the president is.
 The top Story in most Of the tabloids
is about a war.
S   broadsheets have differing opinions
on the education reforms.
government
is concerned about racist articles in press.
7 •

              are/were talking to you.                                                                         about
newspapers. Report the questions.
              I 'You should read my news blog.'                                                         1
She asked him if he read
Emma
says
2
'I'll
be working at home tomorrow.'
My mum said
3
'l
hate watching the news on TV.'
Anna says
4
'You
haven't been working hard enough.'
Ben complained
5
'l
hadn't expected the broadcast to be live.' Ian explained
6
'I'd
like to borrow your newspaper.'
Fred said
7
'l
don't want to goto the theatre.'
                          Amy
has said                                                                              5
Match the answers (a—D With the questions in exercise 4.

 There should be more sport.
2    Choose
the correct answers.       b I've bought a paper every day.
I   Sam said / told her to leave.       c
Yes, I do. Most Of the time.
2
•This
article is really interesting: said I told Harry.            d Yes, I read the
newspaper every day.
3
Tm hungry: she
said I told to her dad.          e 1 like The Times.

Imogen
Ed
Imogen
Ed
Imogen
Ed
Imogen
Ed

What are you doing?
I'm writing a letter to
  the newspaper.
What's
  the letter about?
It'S
  about crime rates in Ourtown. There should be more police!
You should mention that
  recent bank robbery.
I
  will, if I can find the name of the bank.
Have you looked online?
I can't. Somebody has
  stolen my laptop!

4

They
said I told me he was af There's a good mix of serious news and 5 Jake says /
tells that he wants to study      human-interest stories.
3    Read
the dialogue and complete conversation.
I   asked
Ed what 1  . He explained that
and Ed
. I asked
7
CULTURE Making news
f
can understandan-ðFti& about •ourhalism

fleet Street
journalism
  can be a lonelyjob, with hours spent at
Nowadays,a or on
  the phone. But if you say the words 'Fleet to a British journalist, you
  conjure up an 1_euj_tjng— (excite) world, where the 2 (write) word was the
  newspaper was king.
Street, in the centre of
  London, is synonymous with the of its (history) links With
This world had its
  4 (begin) in the first printing works appeared there. Soon, the area known
  books and pamphlets and during (day) newspapers appeared.
(locate) for
  gathering
It to City — the 7
  (finance) centre — Which is the main g the (govern) in the Houses
PzEznent- By
  the middle Of the 2Œ century, almost every and broadsheet had its head
  office in Fleet Street. Journalists would rush and fight to get the 10 (late)
  news stories.They would spend long hours in the Fleet Street pubs and
  restaurants, interviewing their 'contacts' while drinking and eating at the
  expense Of their (employ). It was the street that never slept.
However, from the 1980s, technology was starting to
  change the way newspapers were produced, so new and bigger premises were
  needed. Gradually, all the papers moved to the outskirts.pf the city.
  Printing became (computer), and journalists began spending more time on their
  mobile phones and less time on their (prolong) business lunches.
Many older journalists are still
  unhappy about the changes. One of them, Peter McKay, wrote in The
  Independent, 'Fleet Street was a seething mass ofprinters, advertisers
  andjournalists, drinking and punching each Other every night, all night.
  People
(literal) never went home Nowadays we sit in the fir
  corners of London, likc battery hens at computer terminals, pecking out our
  stuff and never meeting one another.'

Revision: Student's Book page 73
Complete the text With the correct form Of
the verbs in the box.
Twitter has the news - enabling people to
read about events from the perspective Of ordinary people. One problem,
however, is verification. It's important to a picture Of other tweeters in
order to tell if they're merely misinformation. Another drawback
Of Twitter is that it is impossible to the
context to important stories Or to s events in detail because cannot be longer
than 140 characters. Nevertheless.
Twitter has   a huge impact m conventional
journalism and most reporters               rely on it.
2    Listen
and match the news reports (A—E) With the summaries (1—8). There are three
options that you do not need.
report meals how some staff behaved
dishonestly.

Find
  out some interesting facts about a famous newspaper such as The rimes or The
  New York Times.

2 gives details of an
unusual theft from a sporting venue. how
people have been left vulnerable in a US
 how people are celebrating the
record-breaking weather.
S fscusses the effect of personnel
reductions in —portant institution.
how staff Will benefit from government
changes.
how a group were responsible for a new
record.
•
—stheresignation of a prominent leader.
the text opposite with words formed from
the
7 •
Early communication

Revision: Student's Book
  page 75

5
  Match the underlined phrasal verbs in the text With these definitions.

1
  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.

1
  decipher become represents
4 convey

Baggy
  sweatshirts aren't very fashionable now, but

5 seen With difficulty

they might
The meeting was supposed
  to end at six, but it

6 invented

until seven.
      3
  Teachers at our school don't                           rudeness

attenge!š——

or lack Of punctuality.

Research how your language

4 My brother an Internet
  company two years ago and he already employs ten people.
We considered going to
  Italy for our holidays, but we eventually  Spain.

relates to English or
  another language.

6 Sales are very bad this
year. We need to a new way Of attracting customers.
2
Read
the text opposite quickly and match photos  With paragraphs B—D.
                 Photo I                      Photo 2                     Photo
3
3
Choose
the best summary ofthe text.
1    Prehistoric
people could draw and carve before they could talk.
2    The
foundation non.erbal communication began with ancient caveman drawings.
3    Early
Egyptians are responsible for creating todars alphabets.
Are the sentences true orfalse (F)?
I There is a large amount Of
conflicting evidence for how the human race began to talk.
2
It
is thought by manythat the earliest cave painters had already mastered
language.
3
Evidence
of communication using sand and stones has been found.
4
Petroglyphs
seem to represent ancient belief Systems.
5
There
were no similarities between the systems Of ideograms developed by different
cultures.
6
The
English and Chinese alphabets both came from systems of ancient ideograms.
7

aking
our mark

Human
beings are social animals ard communicating has always been of vital importance
to us. We have developed our communication skills further and faster than any
Other species, However. no one really knows how humans began to communicate
•ere-ally.
HOW did noises and grunts words. and how did people on what those words meant
exactly? Scientists have many theories. there is no consensus. because tere is
Obviously no hard evidence for of these theories. In fact. the origin verbal
communication is considered
•hardest
problem in science'
there
is one form Ot earty communication that scientists do Nyd evidence tot, and
that is the
.rtten
torm Archaeological
attempts
to          informatøn probably took the form ot don't know how much
trp-* people talked. but these describe the hunt fc•3S_ hunting expeditions arc
animals. especic*,• can be

The
next step for Which carvings in a back  as petrcgtyphs. E-œty mcõe
rrartõgs stoæs a              way
obvioush"
            However, pictures Of peop'e and animals rTB2de on rock faces have
in every continent Ot the except Antarctica. It is difficult to what the lines
of people,
Later,
between 9000 and 5œO pictures started to represent concepts and ideas-
These are kncwn os ideograms. Because some ideas ore universal. a number Of the
correspor-ding ideograms bok the sar'W though developed by different
cütues, example. an eye with a 'ear sadness These evohæd into early
writing
The
is that all the tM             haæ
•arty        The
E-.ctean         in 1443. is tre       to this.
Once the human race had mastered the written
word. there was no stopping us! We now live in a world Of books. texts,
newspaper articles. headlines. adverts, emails. magazines: we are surrounded by
wn:yds and pictures. Forms Of communication may become

have
enabled scientists to were used for      ever more sophisticated. but we the
evolution of these earty non-       tribes               developed             basics
thousands of years ago and we still rely on them

2
•l
got up early because I had a lotofwork to do.'

3
•My
sisters going to have a baby.'

4
'l
won't tell anyone your secret.'

5
'I
broke the vase in the living room.'

2
Decide
Which verb (a—c) does not fit in each sentence. I
The manager _ that we finish work early.

            a
proposed             b suggested
2 George _ to us that he had found a
new job.
            a
added                  b explained             c announced
3
My
uncle me to accompany him to New York.
            a
invited                  b asked                    c warned
4
Henry
        taking the bus into town.
        a advised              b agreed
5
Harry _ writing the anonymous email.
            a
admitted             b refused
6
The
head teacher _ us to wait Outside her office.
            a
instructed           b agreed                   c asked
3 Complete the sentences with a preposition,
if necessary.
and the infinitive or -ing form Of the verbs
in the box.

 •Go
to your room this instant,' my dad said to me.

2
'Don't
forget to phone me this evening,' Sarah said to Clare.

3
'It wasn't me Who
ate all the biscuits,' said Owen.

4
'I
won't lend you my pink jacket,' said Amy to Sandra.

•Kate must apologise to
  Andrew,' said Mum.

6
'Why
don't we go and see a film?' said Dave.

7
'I'm
sorry I lost my temper,' said Robert.

her decision to resign from her job.
money from the till.
to him.
for my cinema ticket, even though he was
almost broke.
6
My
parents forbade meto the music festival.
7
Chris
agreed me a lift into town. 8 The lifeguard warned us not near the rocks.
9 We congratulated Beth all her exams.
      I          7
1  Jake (leave) the house. His shoes are still in the hall. 5
Look again at the photo. Answer the questions.

2  There's a big dent in the front of
Louis' car. He (have)
a crash.
 fit's midday in the UK, it(be)
the —iddle of the night in Australia.
Sara's
eyes are very red. She
                 •Not
necessarily.                                                (chop)

(work)
for a walk 1 How do you think the student is feeling? Why?

2    How do you think bad behaviour should
be dealtwith in school?

3    Describe
an occasion When you (or a friend) were told Off by a teacher.

•
Preparation
I Read the exam writing task below and
the model review, ignoring the gaps. In which paragraph does the writer  talk
about the way in which the book changed the way he/she Sees the world?
2 talk about the characters? 3
talk about the plot?

Write
a review Of a book Which changed the way you see the world. Write 200—250
words.

2
Use
the words in the boxto complete the phrases in paragraph B Of the review that
describe the plot.

3
Find
and underline:
1 eight adjectives that describe personality
or characters in    paragraph C.
three adjectives in paragraph D that
describe the plot.
Writing guide
4    You are going to do the exam
writingtaskinexercise 1. Make notes using the chart below.

parawaph
  I:

Paragraph
  2: The plot

Paragraph
  3: The characters

paragraph
  4: Conclusion

5
Write
the review using your notes and the paragraph plan.

7

A Written in 1944 by
George Orwell. Anima/
Farm is one of the most
famous books in English literature. It is a satirical allegory about communism
and. despite being easy to read. it contains some very complex and challenging
ideas. It has had a profound influence on me and has changed the way I think
about IN)litics.
on Manor Farm. which is
owned by Mr Jones, a cruel and lazy farmer.
around the
animals' decision to start a revolution and take over the farm.
Although they start out
with good intentions, in or the story the pigs take complete control and start
to mistreat the other animaLs. By    of the story. the animals can' t tell the
difference between pigs and humans, and life for them is         than it was
when Mr Jones ran the farm.
C   I was very impressed
with the characterisation. Although they are only animals. the characters are
very complex and convincing. The most important of them is the pig Napoleon.
One of the leaders of the revolution. he is nevertheless cunning and
manipulatiw. and abuses his powers. Another fascinating character is Boxer. a
horse, who is faithful. hard-working and
D  To sum up. although it is
not a pleasant story to read and is quite upsetting in places, it is both
gripping and thought-provoking. It really made me think about politics and the
way in which power can corrupt Lrople.

Our
planet
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Global warming
Draw lines to match the two
halves of the compound nouns. Why are residents unhappy about plans to build a
Wind farm Off the coast Of Wales?
1   natural        waste
a It will put people off visiting the
area.
2   nuclear       fuels
3   solar            c
turbine               b It goes against government policy.
4   fossil            gas          c
The public have not been consulted.
5   Wind           e
panels 4 Why was Sooty the kitten lucky?
6   oil f
farm     a She was not electrocuted.
7   wind            g
station b A firefighter was near the pylon and saw her. 8 electricity   h rig        c
The pylon was not too high.
9
coal              i
pylon  VOCABULARY BUILDER (8.1): WILDLIFE AND
10
power           mlne       ENDANGERED
SPECIES »SB PAGE
11
greenhouse k
fumes
12
carbon          I
footprint              Complete these animal facts with the words in the box.
13
carbon        m
gases
14
climate         n
emissions
15
exhaust        0
change
Very few tigers that were bred in have
been successfully reintroduced into

2 L*el the photos (1—6) With compound nouns
from exercise 1.
Listen to the news bulletin and choose answers.
     1                        natural gas
pipeline will begin in
           •                      b
Nigeria.         c Algeria.
is being discussed at the meeting in Rome?
of private jets.
by activists.
           c                        reduce
global warming.

2
  The dodo was hunted to
100 years Of its
  discovery.

within

rhino
deaths. as their horns are highly valued on the black market.
4 Most zoos organise programmes for
endangered species.
One of the most serious endangered species is
the destruction of their natural
6
Koalas almost disappeared a century ago, but people managed to  the species by
creating nature        where they could live safely, away from hunters and
natural predators.
Complete the sentence With at least two
ofyour own ideas.
                'Q
protect       environment where I live
I Choose the correct answers. Sometimes both
answers are acceptable.

4 1 was able to book the last seat on the flight.
(succeeded)

I Could you / Were you able to book tickets
for the festival?

 the
  correct sentences. Rewrite the ones Which do not use can or could/couldn't
  correctly.

5 Complete the dialogue with the correct forms of can,
  could, be able to and manage to. There may be more than one

2
1
answered the phone, but couldn't / didn't manage to hear anyone's voice on the
Other end.
3
I'll
take my phone to the USA, butl can't I won't be able to make any calls from
there.
4
We're
having a party next weekend. Can you / Will you be able to come?
5
When
the flood came, we managed / were able to climb onto the roof.
6
Although she lives
in Spain, she can't / isn'tabte to speak Spanish.
7
I
could smell / succeeded in smelling gas as soon as I walked through the door.
8
The
hill was very Steep but we could / managed to cycle to the top.
      1 Sorry, I can't give
you a liftto the party tomorrow.                              correct answer.
finish your science project last night?

Mia
No. My brother had some friends round. They were so noisy, |              concentrate!
Leo   work on it tonight? I help you, if you like. I'm
      4 1'm worried that I
can't drive whenrm older.                    a                           interested
in climate change.
Mia Thanks. I              find some
statistics online, but I need to show them as diagrams.
Leo 6               you
draw? I'm not very good. Mia Yes,          draw pretty well. Although probably
do it better When I was ten. It was my favourite hobby. But I don't have time
now
7     As
soon as the ball hit my mouth, I could taste blood. C]              Leo Don't
worry. After your exams. you
8     He
worked hard all term and could pass his exams. C]
3 Rewrite the sentences
without changing the meaning. Include the words in brackets.
1    Were
you able to visit your cousins? (manage)
2    1
can't play tennis next Friday, I'm afraid. (able)
3    Will
you be able to help at the summer fair? (can)

I

Revision: Student's Book page 83
Complete the sentences with the word in
brackets and a prefix from the box. There are four prefixes thatyou do not
need.
The two teams met last year
in the World Cup (final).
2 Since resigning, the countrrs
(president) has been charged with
corruption. 3 I didn't get the email because you had (spelled) my email
address.
I think the estate agent (valued) our nat
when they advertised it for only £120,000.
S She's a            (talented) performer Who
tan sing, dance and act.
the text opposite using sentences A—E. There
is —sentence that you do not need.
ed then there are the insects in Our food.
Etin the West, they are becoming more and
more mular as a food source.
C Wonly did this solve the problem, it also
created a new culinary fashion.
top of that, many manufactured food products
contain which come from insects.
E some scientists believe the time has come
to —-—aluate our attitude for several reasons.
parts Of the world is eating bugs
• common? rare?
Listen to a teenager talking about
—g bugs. Are these sentences true (T) or
false (F)?
tried insects and worms while travelling.
an event Which only happens once a year.

•watched
locals collecting worms from the sea night.
one Of the worms raw, on the beach. S    he
hadn't eaten them.
Do you.vant"tIiES with -ttíaty•
a—ed a plague ot locusts, the government
asked them since conventional methods Ot pest
Thais
decided that locusts were a                dish.        some farmers —ticides
on their crops to sell them to
a    countries woss
Asia and Africa, but in the West, people     generally regarded the dea with
disgt£t.             Firstly, at a time wten obesity is on rise, insects
Otter a low-tat source Of protein and Other nutrients. Secondly. if we chose to
get a significant amount ot our protein trom insects, could reduce the amount
ot intensive meat faming.This would be beneficial trom both an animal-welfare
and environmental perspective-And thirdly, it we harvested insects as a source
of food, we would need to use fewer pesticides - another environmental
beneåt. Although most people in tt•æ West dislike the            0t
           insects. we actually eat quite a large number of them without
realising it.There are the small flying insects we    every day, usually
without Many of the products we buy in the are allowed by law to contain o
certain number of insect       before being considered unsafe to eat. Peanut
butter can contain up to 30 fragments per 100 grams, for example, while
chocolate cm have twice that number.       Like it or not, you probably eat
insects ever,' dayl

Find two more
  unusual dishes on the Internet. Write the names of the dishes, how they are
  prepared and where they are popular.

Natural
resources in space
minin a
Read the text again and match the Sentences (A—G) with
the

Revision: Student's Book page 85
I Solve the anagrams to give seven words
which mean
•pieces
1
KUHCNS
2
ELCIRPAST
3
SPULM
4
KEPSSC
5
NESTGARFM
6
STIB
7
ALFKSE
2 Complete the definitions (1—9) With the
words in the box.

2
  A(n)

is a large, bright Object, e.g. our

3
  A(n) space.

is
  a rock that falls to earth from

4
  The

is everything that exists.

5 A(n) a star.

is a large Object which
  orbits

6 A(n) a planet.

is an Object which orbits

7 A(n)

is
  a group Of planets (plus their

is a group Of Stars Which make a pattern in
the sky.

gaps (1—6). There is one sentence that
you do not need. A They described the plan as daring, difficult — and very
pricey.
This can then be used for refuelling
commercial satellites or spaceships from NASA and other countries.
But,
in fact, astronauts were able to extract 200 grams of gold from an asteroid
during an earlier mission. D These would be used to search for the right type
Of asteroids.
E •
It would be awfully hard to make money from it,' he said. They range in size from
about seven metres to about sixteen kilometres in length.
G Anderson says the group will prove the
sceptics wrong.
5
Are
these sentences true or false (F)?
I Peter Diamandis is one of the people
behind the plan to mine asteroids.
2 The initial stages Of the
project will not begin for quite a few years.
Some scientists believe the cost of the
project Will be too high to make it worthwhile.
The founders of the project have been
involved in other space•related ventures in the past.
The asteroids they plan to mine are
between the planets Mars and Jupiter.

moons) orbiting a Star.

it into space from earth.

               8                                          is
  a large group Of solar

7 Professor Richard Binzel
  believes the project has no

systems.
are small, rocky objects
  which Orbit a Star.
3
  Read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps. Choose the best

chance Of success.

summary: a, b or c.

Do
          think mining asteroids is a good idea? Give your

a    Plans
  have been announced to start mining asteroids for water and natural
  resources, although most scientists are opposed to the idea.
b   lames
  Cameron is making a documentary film about the attempts Of two billionaires
  to Start a business mining asteroids.

opinion in two or three
  sentences.

6
The
founders of the project believe it will eventually be cheaper to get water from
asteroids than to take
c Three entrepreneurs are
planning to setup a mining operation in space in order to extract water and
minerals from asteroids.
I

Obots in space Will be
extracting gold and platinum from asteroids within ten years if a new venture
backed by two Silicon Valley billionaires and filmmaker James Cameron goes as
planned.
Since my early teenage
years, I've wanted to be an asteroid I always viewed it as a glamorous vision
Of where we could go; peter Diamandis,           Of the founders Of Planetary
Resources Inc., said at the news conference.
The companrs is 'to make the resources Of space available to
The inaugural step, to be achieved in the
next 18 to 24
—nths,
would be launching the first in a series of private The plan is to use
commercially built ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals the rocks
that regularly pass by Earth. One Of the
—any founders predicts they could have their            Of
•»ace-based petrol station up and            by 2020.
9-æral scientists not involved in
the project said they were —aneously thrilled and wary. 2_ They do not
see it could be cost-effective, even with platinum and gold nearly $6,000 per
100 grams. A forthcoming NASA to return n_JSt 60 grams Of an asteroid to Earth
will tout $1 billion.
entrepreneurs
behind Planetary Resources a track record of profiting from space Diamandis and
co-founder Eric Anderson first people to sell rides into space to
—Sts.
'Before we started launching people into as private citizens, people thought
that was idea,' Anderson said. This is a long-term But it's not a charity.
We'll make money.' fuel processing and later refuelling would without humans.
•It is the stuff of science like in so many other areas of science rs possible
to begin the process of making them former astronaut Thomas Jones, an adviser
that asteroids could be
mined for resources has for Asteroids are fragments of rock part of a planet.
form a belt between Mars and Jupiter, but —s
•ve freely around the solar system. The new venture targets these free-flying
asteroids, seeking to extract from them the rare metals that are used in
batteries, electronics and medical devices.
There
are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near Earth that would be good initial
targets. They are at least 50 metres Wide, and Anderson figures ten per cent Of
them have             and Other valuable minerals.
However,
it's very expensive to transport water from Earth into space, so the plan is to
take the water from an asteroid to a location in    Here it can be broken down
into liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen for rocket fuel. s and                wcnjld
not disclose             the pr*ct win cost              By building and    quickly,
the company hopes to operate much more cheaøy than
Tim
Spahr, Director Of the Minor Planet Centre, said getting mining equipment into
space and operating safely sounds 'expensive and difficult'.
And
Richard Binzel, Professor Of Planetary Science at the Massachusetts Institute
Of Technology, said the idea 'may be many decades ahead Of its time. But you
have to Start somewhere'.

Relative clauses
received a letter

Complete the text with the relative pronouns in the box.
The British
Interplanetary Society, was founded in     is an organiztion promotes              exploration.
In the early days, s    humans had not vet been into space, they worked on
designs tor rockets_ More recently, they have argued in tavour of öuilding
a space station on Mars, scientists would be able to study the rocks and
climate Today, the Society S headed by Dr Robert Parkinson, has worked for
various aerospace com>anies. But in the 1940s, its chairman was science
fiction writer Arthur C, Clarke,              novel 2001;
Space Odyssey was made into a well-known
science fiction film.
2 Complete the sentences (1—6) using the
clauses (a—O below. Add a relative pronoun only if necessary.
1 1 think I've lost the book
 Covent Garden, a popular place for
tourists to visit.
 Harper
Lee, appearing in public.
4 Camp Nou Stadium, hold
nearly 99,000 fans.
The
hotel      burned down last week.

Last week, a newspaper
4
Rumours
of a video recording. denied by          police, have been reported by
news agencies.
5
Journalists
were shown a bag containing
6
The
victim's house, hililt in the 17th century, was the scene Of a fire last
year.
4 Combine each pair of sentences into one
sentence with a shortened relative clause. There may be more than one possible
answer.
1    1've
got a place on a course. It starts in October.
2    The
university is only ten years Old. It is located just outside Edinburgh.

4
The
tuition fees would be unaffordable without a scholarship. They total
£9,000 a year.

5
My
scholarship is worth £7,000 a year. It is awarded by

the university.

0 1
your
opinion? Why?                        Justifying your opinion
I think
poster is the most effective because The reason I believe that is because
Another
reason is

5 Match the sentence halves. Rewrite
the second halfto include doldoes or did for emphasis.
 they play
tennis once a week. he gets Sundays off.

     Preparation                                                                                2
Complete the useful phrases with words in the box. Tick'

'There is no hope for this planet. It's
  time we humans started looking for another one.' DO you agree?

 Read the exam writing task and essay.
Then use the essay  the four used in the essay in exercise 1. to complete the
student's notes for paragraphs 2—4.

It's hard to deny that the world's
  climate is changing because of greenhouse gases. As developing countries
  become more industrialised, global warming seems unstoppable Having said
  that. is the situation really so hopeless? In my opinion. it is not.
Firstly. there are
  several international agreements to reduce carbon emissions. The best known
  of these is the Kyoto Protocol. We should also remember that new agreements
  may set even more ambitious targets in the future.
'econdly, technology is always advancing. Scientists
  are inventing greener forms Of transport and energy production. and may soon
  discover ways of removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. So. although
  technology is part of the problem when it comes to our carbon footprint. it
  may also be an irnlx»rtant of the solution.
It is sometimes argued that global
  warming Will accelerate Out Of control when the lifestyle for the majority of
           in China and India reaches the currently enjoyed in America. It is
  worth pointing out. however, that if technology advances fast enough, it will
  still be possible to reduce carbon emissions, despite the millions of extra
  cars on the roads.
so, all in all, I am optimistic about the future.
Although the
  world is becoming more industrialised. in many ways it is also becoming
  greener. HoNully, it Will be Our home for centuries to come.

'Scientific
  progress does more harm than good to the environment.• DO you agree?

paragraph
  1: Introduction — expand titte

 2:
  First argument to support your opinion

paragraph
  3: Second argument to support your opinion

ragraph
  4: Argument in support of the opposite opinion

paragraph
  5: Conclusion — restate opinion

Paragraph 1: Introduction
  — expand title

Paragraph
  2; First argument to support your opiniorv_

paragraph
  3: Second argument to support your opinion

Paragraph
  4: Argument in support ofthe opposite opinion

Paragraph
  5: Conclusion — restate opinion

Writing
guide

3
Read the exam writing task. Then circle the words in the box you think may be
useful for your essay.
21 Unit 8 •
4 Get Ready for your Exam

EXAM TASK - Reading
Read the text. For
each gap (1—4) choose the sentence (A—E) that fits best. There is one sentence
that you do not need.

Personal
    training is one of the newest leisure services. It is also one of the
    fastest-growing, even though it can be quite pricey. What do personal
    trainers do and why are they in such great demand? A personal trainer is a
    fitness professional involved in exercise prescription and instruction. t
    From these they put together a specific exercise programme for each individual.
    They also offer tailored advice on other areas of health and wellness.
    These include aspects such as diet and nutrition, stress management and
    lifestyle change.
Many people do not like, or are nervous of, going to
    a gym. A trainer can make a gym visit much less daunting, and with
    supervised practice comes confidence. Many
    trainers visit clients in their home, bringing suitable equipment with
    them. There are also many opportunities to train outside.
people who employ the services of a trainer are often
    hardworking, time-poor individuals. Trainers can produce efficient and
    effective workouts with little time-wasting.
This is achieved by setting goals and providing
    feedback. And the biggest incentive is obviously seeing results!
Martin, a 27-year-old financial
    analyst, explains why he enrolled with Pete, a personal trainer in a gym
    near his workplace. 'My hectic job was having a disastrous effect on my
    health — I was drinking too much coffee and sleeping badly.
My diet was terrible, and the
    doctor said I was the
    verge of diabetes.' He got in touch with Pete and he's never looked back.
•t have boundless energy
    and feel my age again.
significantly, I am much
    better at my job!' —ys Martin.

 M'ich
is not surprising as they usually take into the underlying reasons for their
clients' weight
trainers
measure their clients' strengths and with fitness assessments.
C                            responsible
for motivating clients.
wonder
— who wouldn't like to lose 10 kg and of
fitness that they never thought were
E                        be
very flexible and doesn't involve "ms.

EXAM TASK -
Listening

You are going to hear a person talking about
animal rights. Choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D, to complete each
sentence.
1   The
narrator became a vegetarian
A
because she felt that most supermarket meat had a plastic
taste.
B
after
she did her food shopping somewhere different from usual.
C
while
traveling around Europe, about eighteen years
D
she
was unsure of the quality Of the meat and fish.
2   to
the narrator, the Italian market vendors A made no secret Of where their goods
came from. B •ed the animals for you after you bought them.
C       seemed
offended when asked about their meat

D       kept
the meat in their stalls in unhygienic conditions. 3 Investigating factory
farming, the narrator
A
found
out that factory farm animal living conditions in Britain were worse than in
Italy.
B
discovered
that chickens were treated much worse than other animals.
C
decided
she wanted to choose her food products more carefully.
D
was
horrified With how many animals were kept on one farm.
4 The organisation
Compassion in World Farming
A
is
responsible for some changes in legislation.
B
fights
to bring those who torture animals to justice.
C
conducts
inspections Of animal living conditions.
D
is
the most successful animal rights group in the UK.

Get
Ready for your Exam 4

Complete
the text With the correct form Of the verbs inWrite
an essay of about 200-250 words saying if you agree brackets.      or disagree
with the following Statement:

I love wildlife, so when
  my friend suggested that we went t           (track) brown bears in the High
  Tatras, I a            (not, think) twice about it, and we made arrangements
  to go the following week. The trip was a great success. We stayed in a remote
  mountain hut which
(usually,
  reserve) for park rangers. As soon as we arrived, our guide explained to us
  that we [1]             (fully, integrate) into
  their research programme and s         (track) the movements of bears wearing
  GPS transmitters. On the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and, after
  throwing on some warm clothes, set Off into the forest. Our guide walked very
  fast and we had trouble keeping up with him. Suddenly he dashed Off across a
  meadow. He must
(catch)
  sight of a bear. We followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we
  reached him, the bear 7 (vanish) into the bushes. Later in the week, though,
  we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries. Our Olide insisted
  that we should keep our distance from the bears so as • (not, disturb) them.
Observing
  bears in their natural habitat was really fascinating. | 9 (never,
  experience) anything like that before. If | have) to go back to school. I
  would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.

Spending
a lot Of time using social media, such as Facebook and YouTube, prevents
teenagers from developing the social skills they need to operate in the
•real•
world.
Consider the following:
•
What
social skills do teenagers need?
•
Does
using social media damage these skills?
. What is the real world?

Write
your essay in the appropriate style and format.

EXAM TASK -
speaking

You are the new chief editor Of your
school magazine. You think the magazine has become rather dull and needs to
change. Talk to your fellow editor about it. Identify the strong and weak
points of the current magazine and agree on three changes you would like to
introduce. These ideas may help you: frequency Of issues
•
size.
print, colours regular columns
•
illustrations
and photographs going online
Other

Mistakes
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
Behaviour

I Complete the adjectives.
He's so c He left his cash card at the till
Of the supermarket the other day.
2
She's so s     . She never plans ahead. Little Joe had only cut his finger. but
his mum was completely h              , crying and panicking.
4
Cath's
mum has told her teacher to move her up to a higher maths class. Don't you
think that's
5
It
was veryf             Of you to buy that Old car.
You're bound to lose lots of money on it.
6
Jason
is really p . He always carries a philosophy book around with him, but he never
reaUy reads it.
7
Jake
is so r               . On Valentine's Day he bought his girlfriend twelve red
roses.
8
Liam
is always making t        remarks. He should consider other people's feelings a
bit more.
9
Beth
is very e          to improve her French. She's studying really hard.
10
He
has a r determination to be the best. He lets no one or nothing get in his way.
't was d      of him to lie about how he
spent the money.
Listen and write an adjective to each
person's behaviour.
6
sentences describing the behaviour below. Use
the
—ture It • be • adjective of somebody to do
something. adjectives if more than one is possible.
— didn't remember theirwedding anniversary.
                                                                     Of
him       to remember
annivertari
       Z                                knocked
over an expensive vase.
the centre forward when he was about to score.
4
He
spread gossip about his best friend.
5
She saved a child
from a burning building.
6
per
    Of his salary to charity.
VOCABULARY BUILDER (9.1): ADVERBS »SB PAGE
142«
Complete the sentences with an adjective,
adverb Or adverbial phrase formed from the word in brackets.
       1 The festival is
held                           . (yearly)

2
  He walked down the road

.
  (leisurely)

3
  We need to improve the

lives Of people

with serious illnesses. (daily)
4
She
greeted me        . (jolly)
5
We'll
have to go to bed          tonight.
5 Choose the correct form of the adverb.
I The ball hit me hard / hardly on the arm.
2    Sam's teachers think very high /
highly of him.
3    I
haven't seen you much late / lately.
4    lames
was wrong / wrongly accused of stealing money from the till.
5    Don't get too close / closely to the
oven. It's still hot.
Think
of real or invented examples of the following behaviour. deceitful:       I               at
spiteful:

altruistic:
unit 9
Complete
the speech bubbles. use a verb from the box and            3 Complete these
third conditional Sentences With the past

each Of these modal structures once: might
have, needn't have, should have and shouldn't have.

You

some for me!

The battery's dead!
You
2
Complete
the sentences With a modal in the past (should/ might/could/needn't have) and
the verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
 We got lost on the way. We turned left
when we  (turn) right.
           I
Spent all morning looking for my camera. You
 (tell) me that you'd borrowed it!
3

Thanks
for the sandwich, but you (make) it. I had lunch in town.
4
Josh
(let) me know that he wasn't coming home. I cooked dinner for him.
5
You
(buy) any milk. There's lots in the
fridge.
6
Dad
had already filled the car with petrol, so Mum (get) any more.
 I
perfect and have form of the verbs in the
box. Sometimes you need to use a continuous form.
1 If you  me a text, I where you were.
the party if I myself.
3    f
lames             the plane instead of the train, the journey   a lot longer.
4    She  so cross if you so spiteful.
5    If you              talking, you what
I said.
Speculate about the past. Write third
conditional sentences.
1
He
wasn't listening to the teacher so he didn't know what to do.

If he'd

to

have

2
The
sun wasn't shining so we didn'tgo to the beach.
3
Harry
was driving recklessly and was involved in a car crash.
4
Sam
was short Of money SO he didn't buy the jeans.
5
1
ate the sandwich because I was hungry.

3 Read the text again. Complete each gap in
the sentences with one or two words.
I Many people from English•speaking countries
come to Britain to find out about their
They can use help them.
3
Who
DO You Think You out about their family history.
4
The
ideas that they have about their ancestors at the Start Of the programme are
often
5
Harriot's
great-grandfather was a white slave owner.
2 Complete
the text with appropriate words. I'm not who I thought I was!
Do you know anything about gour ancestors? In
Britain and

English-speaking countries, people take
a lot Of interestin their origins, and finding out tand
writing up Smilg historg — complete With family tree — has become areal hobby.
Mang Americans, Australians, Canadians and from
Other former British colonies come to Britain to 100k their family records and
to discoverwhere their ancestors and     theg did before they emigrated. There
many websites which can help them trace their familg and even professional
researchers Who Will scour official and documents and builda
picture of —ople who lived and died hundreds of years ago.
BBC television programme Who Do You
Think You Are? traces amilg history Of well-known personalities. Each programme
the celebrities sayingWhat they know
—their ancestors, and what
is interesting is the fact in the course Of the programme a good number discover
that theg were completely wrong. Many are and even shocked by their family
history, makes for fascinating W view•ng
—g Harriot, who stars in a
TV cookery programme, thought history was a stra•ghtforward account Of black
slavery,
              was
completelg mistaken. He knewthat his ancestors on                                                 no
records of her own father.
side were slaves brought
from Africa to Jamaica, but 3 Patricia was very young when Warren died. out
that his paternal great-grandfather 4 Eva disapproved of Warren as a husband
for her been a White Jamaican slave owner, Who sister. first slavesthe
age offour! Harriot Patricia lost touch with Mildred following her 5 find that
ancestors of his had been husband's death. perpetrators and victims Ofthe
African slave thinks that her great-grandmother loved her Lucy husband very
deeply.
Tom McDonald, sags, "We do always
history has a habittaking turns — and they might not always like

Revision: Student's Book
  page 97

1    Complete
  the sentences. Use the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.
Donna
  and Martin have years of marriage.
2    Last
  weekend I with some cousins that I
  hadn't seen for ages. The burglarsWith
  three expensive computers.
My elder brotherOf
  university last year. He hated the course.
Don't my
  pencils with yours. Keep them separate.
6 500 peopleto
  watch the local cricket team play.
, Tickets for the Madonna concert within
  minutes Of going on sale.
8 Sorry I'm late. I wasin
  traffic.
2
  Now complete these sentences with nouns formed from the phrasal verbs in
  exercise 1.
I Chris and Freya aren't
  talking to each Other after their
There was a over the date of the meeting so half the
  people didn't turn up. We're having a with some old friends at the weekend.
  Please come along too.
4    The
  government is concerned about the high number of college
5    The
  robbers made a quick    in a stolen car.
6    The
  play was a . We couldn't get seats.
There was a good for
  the festival: over 10,000 people.
8
  There are always on the roads into London
  during the rush hour.

3 Read the texts opposite. Complete the
sentences with the correct name: Wilf or Harriet.
generally had a relaxed approach to life.
was very sensitive about how he/she
was left some money by a relative.
's friend went travelling between school and
university.
I  9

 Read the texts again and choose the
correct answers.
1    Wilf's
parents a weren't particularly interested in how he did at school. b told him
off for his poor performance at school. c were concerned enough to give him
advice. d expected him to do really well at school.
2    Wilf
a did quite well at school.
b
generally
enjoyed his school years. c was only ever interested in school sports. d failed
all his school exams.  Wilf wishes that he had a had much
tougher parents.
b had more moneyto save. c Spent more
money on his car.
d paid more attention to his parents.

4
Harriet thinks she a was a difficult, disobedient child. b didn't work hard
enough at school. c disappointed her parents.
d made life harder for herself than it
needed to be.  If Harriet had been less
self-conscious. she a wouldn't have thought herself so inferior to others. b
would have been accepted by the popular crowd.
c
wouldn't
have had such good friends.
d
would
have kept the friends she did have.
6 Harnet a sawng up enough
money to go abroad. b Egening to her parents about a gap year. c having the
confidence to go travelling.
d having the opportunity to travel before
college.
5
Complete
these phrases from the text With the words in the box. Then translate them into
your own language. There is one word that you do not need.

Translation
I by
and 2 looking
3    as
they
4
in that  on the
6
to
tell the

/'Þ
  kMêVM
vHêM / vas a fêêMAÇêR-

By and large. my teenage Pears were a
reasonabty happy
relaxed
time tor me In tact, if anything I was a bit too relaxeci and
/
didn't take life enough. I was Of and doing sports: football and rugby in the
Winter.
        cricket and tennis in the summer. It     all
energyup to he
Of
about fourteen. but then things started to get senous school Exams               on
the horizonbutto me a                 time Off, though it
my sport ana having a good as usual.
time. LOOkjng I jlSt bock. / can withsee
tat
my parents were worried. / remember them urgi try harder at school, not to         my
homework to the minute and to start revising early for exams. It wasn•t
lessons
but need to be and organjsec to cope            With exams - and
reasonably
My
parents didn't put huge pressure Shouldon
—
because            wonted me to find my own way I
x)id attention to
what they were
I
didnt do very well in my GCSEs suggesting(the exams you
When vou•re Sixteen). scraped through.
but the results been a woke-up call for me. However didn't do in "WA
levels (the exams you take at to geta place on the university course that 1
wasn't just at school that hod a
wonted
too My
.
Money burned a hole in my pocket. as
aside. sure that in
It-at respect I         o teenager What I do regret. though, is spending the
when
my grandmother died. 1 was seven was a huge amount Of money Its difficult teen
to
fritter it al/ away on music clothes and fne-ds. / really should have saved it
and put it
                        /           needed. or usea
it to        With university
impress
on the Importance of but / didnt heed their
HARRIET, ze
I wish rd               confident
in my abilites.               when I was at school. a  struggled a bit in
tcüiro    I              fiœ at with my brot•-a.                arri         so
I dont
                    I               it
difficult to deal
(h
wt• rm parents were very supportive, b               relax in social
e•.etWx'y tt•numt If I hadn't other people
might ho.e found me easier cornm•. I rxw if you are excessiveiy shy. then it's
about the other person I'm talking to and
put them at ease in my company. which means I have less time to think atl)ut
feeling shy myself. However. at school. I found it especially difficult in my
peer group. I wosnt competitive. but I was acutely aware of my appearance and I
constantly corngxred myself to other people usually coming to the conclusion I
wasnt as cleær or popular or as cool as they were. I wanted to be popular
and in with cool crowd. though now I realty wonder why. I know now that the
kids who are considered the coolest at school aren't necessarily the most
popular or successful when they grow up
have
considered myself lucky to have them and just myself and got on with other
things.
I realise ncw eætything
d"anges during your teen physicalty, mentally, socially and emotionally —
I a harder time than most. I wish I hadnt let it snp from doing things. though
I wish I'd token a gap year or at more when I left school. But to tell the
truth. I didnt have the courage to go Off alone before going to I calld
sufficient
money. but in the end I just didnt                it enough. My parents really
wonted me to try a gap year.They said it would be a great experience before
college. I think ttVi were right. and now I won't have another oppcytunity b   a
long time.
unit 9

                  1
  Match the halves of these mixed conditional sentences.                   3
  Read the situations and write mixed conditional sentences.

1
Martha would have gone to the night club
 Tom would have accepted your invitation
 John would be emigrating to Australia
soon
4 Kate would be going to university  My
teacher would be pleased
 if he wasn't going away on Friday.
 ifhe had been able to get a work
permit. C if I had completed my project.
d if she didn't have her driving test
tomorrow.
 if she hadn't failed some of her exams.
2 Complete these mixed conditional sentences
With the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

magazines.
2
If my
school results               (be) better.
pilot When I left school.
3
If
l (pay) more attention in Spanish classes, I better Spanish.
4
If
I  (not like) fish, I
(not Order) it from the menu last night.
5
She
(not be) at this school now if her parents    (not move) to this town three
years ago.
6
Ifit  (not
be) so cold this morning, I             (not wear) my woolly scarf
now.
(like)
horror films, I (watch) Bloodbath.
9
I I failed my piano exam last summer.
That's Why I'm taking it again.

2
1
didn't go to the theatre because I'm broke.

3
Dave
didn't say hello to Emily at the party. That's why she's upset.

4
Ryan
is learning Mandarin. That's why he spent a week in Beijing.

5
Beth
couldn't phone you last night because she hasn't got a mobile.

6
Ollie lost his
iPad. That's why he's looking miserable.

7
Carolisunwell.
That's why she didn't go out last night.

8
Poland
are playing in the European Cup because they beat Belgium in the qualifying
round.

9
Fran
isn't coming to the concert With us tomorrow because she couldn't get a ticket.

2
1
rather you hadn't said that.
                     6
Read the exam speaking task below. Write two sentences
3
1
really wish my pet rat didn't die!      that you could say for each of the
points.
4
1
wish I could be able to go to the Wimbledon final, but it wasn 't possible.
2 Match the sentence halves.
1     If
only the weather
2     I'd
rather you
3     Iwish I'd
4     If
only he weren't
5     Iwish
I could  didn't drive so fast! b so insensitive!
c hadn't been awful! d help.

You borrow a CD from
  your friend, but can't find it When your friend asks for it back. Speak to
  your friend and
•  apologise.
•  say
  how you feel.
•  say
  where you think it might be.
•  Say
  What you will do if you can't find it.

You completely forgot your best friend's
  birthday. You didn't give him/her a present or a card. nor did you turn up at
  his/her birthday party. You phone your friend and
•   explain,
  and apologise for your forgetfulness.
•   talk
  about how you Will make amends.
•   talk
  about what happened at the party.
•   arrange
  to meet up.

e said I was sorry.

Read the exam speaking task
below.
 Listen to two students (A and B)  the exam speaking task in exercise 3.
Which one —pletes the task better? Why?
A/B
completes the task better because
Unit9
Consequences
a Somebody finds them and uses them to burgle your home.
b
They
have given your room to someone else and the hotel is full.
c
Your
whole family gets food poisoning.
 It overflows, floods the bathroom and
goes through the ceiling into the flat below.
 A passing car swerves to avoid it and
crashes.

p

1
    He applied to Oxford with the
Of studying modern
    languages.

2 Leave in good
    timethat you don't miss your
    train.

3 The music was
    so loud it hurt my ears.

4
    He put the kettle on in make a cup Of tea.

5
    It started to rain I put up my umbrella.

He tiptoed upstairs sonot
    to wake the baby.

7
    He had the car serviced with a to
    selling it.

8
    He's spending a week in Paris in that
    he can brush up his French.

9
    It was such a good film going to buy the DVD.

2
Rewrite
the sentences using the words in brackets.
I I couldn't follow the instructions.
(misunderstood)

2
1
didn't mean to drop the vase. (accident)

3
1
didn't mean to order two copies Of this book.
(mistakenly)

4
1
didn't dial the right phone number. (wrong)

3
You
are going to do the exam writing task below. Check that you understand it.

Write
a Story in which the main character makes a small mistake which has disastrous
consequences.

I
5 Choose one idea from exercise 4 for your
story, or invent your own. Then think of an ending and make notes below.
You could finish with
•
a
surprise or a revelation.
•
something
which links back to the beginning of the story.
•
something
which links the story to the present.
•
something
mysterious, chilling or open-ended.

Writing
guide
6 Write your story (200—250 words) using the
ideas below.
•
Setting
the scene (Where? When?)
•
The
mistake (What? Why?)
•
The
result (Why was it so bad?)

1    Circle
the sports item that does not fit in each group (1—4).
Complete the advertisement With the words in the box. Use Then write the sport
that the others belong to.      the plural form if necessary. 1 cap net rackets
shuttlecock Sport:
2    club puck skates stick
     Sport:                                                                           Lake
Sports Facility
3    club flag gloves pads
           Sport:                                                                                —a
                                             ænre in the           Facilities
4    gloves goal goggles sticks .              Enris
           Sport:                                                                                —
a                                        with
2

Label
the possessions (1—6). Then suggest what the four with sporting hobbies are.
surñce and an athletics arcuM wtside. are also entitled to use the
nearby artificial ski and skating •

VOCABULARY
  BUILDER (10.1): SPORTS DISCIPLINES

"SB
  PAGE 143"

5 Try to think of
1
  three sports Which are usually played indoors.
2
  three combat sports.
3
  three winter sports.
4
  three sports in which competitors are sitting down.
5   three
  Sports Which take place in or on water.

Choose
  one sport not given in exercises I or 2. Write all the equipment you need to
  do that sport.
Equipment:

   5                                        6
Listen to six sportspeople. Write the
correct name for each sportsperson (footballer, swimmer,
2
6
Rewrite the sentences in a more emphatic way.
1 1'm not going to lend you my bike.
No way
 I'd hardly arrived at school when the
fire alarm rang.
Hardly
3
I
only understood the next day why she'd been so upset.
Only the next day
4
Nobody
could sleep because the hotel was so noisy.
So noisy get a refund.   As
soon as I'd found my phone, it rang.
                              7
TheI didn't mind was that I'm not keen on                                    No
sooner
                skiing.                                                                                6
I'll never spend £400 on a camera again.
2    Rewrite
the sentences in exercise 1 without emphasis.        Never
7    1
definitely wouldn't goto that hotel again.
Under no circumstances
8    Not
many films have generated so much publicity.
Rarely
5 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Use Other sentences on this page to help you, if necessary.

1 It was my best Mend who
3    1
6 1

Revision: Student's Book
  page 105

I
  Match the words (1—6) with the suffixes (a—O. Then write the nouns they form.
            achieve                     •Ings
2 child b •ship sponsor c
  •ment
4
  earn             •ment retire    •ism
       6
  commercial           f •hood

IOC =Sportand money
SMART
MONEY
The bigœst trands in the world always
spent vast amounts of mori3' on traditional TV aåvertiserrents are
becnrning less

2 Complete the opinions (a—n With the words
in the box.
a
There's
no about it, money from big business has ruined sport.
b
If
you          me, sports were boring before the big money Sponsors came along.
c
The
is, nobody really notices the name of the sponsor, so they're wasting their
money.
d
The             line
is, sport needs money and sponsorship provides it.
e
The
way I   it. sponsorship is an easy way for sports to make money without doing
anything. f Let's it, if sponsorship didn't make you buy the company's
products. they wouldn't do it.
Listen
to five people giving opinions Of sports sponsorship. Match them With the
opinions in exercise 2. There is one opinion that you do not need.
Read the text opposite. Which Of these
sentences best summarises the content?
a
Men
can earn more from sports sponsorship, even though women's achievements are
comparable.
b
Companies
spend lots of money to associate themselves with the right sports event, team
or individual.
c
TV
advertising is getting more and more difficult because Our viewing habits have
changed.
•e these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1
W
advertisements are less effective these days because people watch TV.
2
Companies
are likely to spend even more on sports in the future than they do now.
UK sports sponsorship focuses on men's
sports.
handful of female sports stars earn a similar
—t to Maria Sha
;          tt•eæ cmwantes as our
media habits dlange_ The days rams 'fCR)ple sat down to watch the same
programmes at the
Tcday, although the total Tv' audience
has increased, as aM it suits them, on a platfirrns, often skipping wer the
advertisements attractive *ternattve. gy sponsoring a sçn-ts star cny a
certain amount of TV coverage but with the stxcess and achievements
Similarly,
sponsoñng a major gnductwtth excitementof the scats fms
                             Kid             go titm a year
it to scrrscrtng hdMduaLs, there
æe marked in tre that male and female sports stars can to earn from
sponsorship, even iftheir sporting achievements are comparable. ln2011, The New
Hark rimesdrewattenton to

a

: the huge dt$•arity between two god
medal winners from the 200 Olympic Games in Beijing: male sprinter Clsain Bolt
and female discus thrower Brawn Trafton. Bolt expects to earn around $10
million a year from hissçonscrs, whereas Trafton is ltkely to receive
coly $25,000 a year despite having a spons&šhp deal with sports
mega-brand Nike, In the UK, women's sports sponsorship accoung for only of the
total sports sponsorship
Al
sports stars who want to earn rmney from endorsements need to :
have
the right kind of        but for fema\e stars. their appearaoze is almost as
irT4xŸtant as their achievements. The female sports star (by a huge
margin) is tennis player Maria
Sharapova, who nets somewhere in the
region of $25 million year from prize money and sponsorship cumbined. Even when
she dropped to 126 in tre world tennis rankirgs in 2009. her earnings did rot
suffer much. She ts an irresistible commodity Or ary would-be sponsor, rot
least because ot the e,ance to cornrnuucate directly with her fans Facebook -
all 84 million of

Do
  you agree with sports sponsorship? Why? / Why not?

IOD READING Getting ahead

Revision: Student's Book page 106 I
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1    His
means he needs glasses for driving, but not for reading.
2    After
twisting her ankle, she put ice on it until the went down.
3    Before
serving the ball, he always wipes the from his face with a towel.
4    Regular
exercise is good for your heart and improves
5    He had
to retire from professional football after seriously damaging a         in his
knee.
6    It
is claimed that learning the trumpet can increase the capacity of your
I don't think I've broken my wrist — it's just a bad
8 Running when you have a cold is more
difficult because all your      are blocked.
2
Read
the texts (1—5) opposite. What do the five people have in common? Tick all the
options Which are true.
a
They
all play sport professionally.
b
They
are all American.
c
They
have all displayed some unusual habits. d They have all been extremely
successful in their sport.
3
Choose
the best summary (A-F) for the texts (1—5). There is one summary that you do
not need.
A
This person blames his/her occasional defeats on a failure to follow the normal
rituals. This person's habit could make him/her feel self-conscious, but he/she
has made a joke of it.
C   This
player would eat something at specific moments in the match. in addition to
various other habits and rituals.
D   This
person refused to admit that the habits existed until shown video footage of
them.
This person's habits started to become a
problem, so an effort was made to stop them. Some Of this person's habits must
have made him/her think of the place where he/she was born.

Answer the questions about the texts.

Can you write a word connected with
  human antomy each of the letters below?
2
3
10
  E
11
  D
12   N
13
  E
14   S
15
  s

I Where did the claws Which Turk Wendell wore
around his neck come from?
2
What
was the connection between Pelle Lindbergh's orange T-shirt and Sweden?
3
What
habit related to clothing does Serena Williams have?
4
What
humorous remark does Les Miles make about his team's home pitch?
5
Which
of Neil McKenzie's habits started with a joke, and Who was responsible for it?
6
Which
Of the habits in the texts do you find most unusual?

Turk Wendell was a baseball player who
played tor two of the biggest teams in the USA — the Chicago Cubs and the New
York Mets - during the 1990s. He ot their most successful players, but he
became one ot the best known because ot some unusual habits he developed. For
example. he would always draw three crosses In the ground when he went onto the
pitch.

And because his
jersey number was 99 he insisted that all ot the numbers tn his professional
contract ended with those two digits A keen hunter, Wendell often wore
souvenirs from his hunting trips around his neck: claws trom mountain lions,
tor instanœ. But most unusual habit involved eating liquorice sweets. He
would put four in his mouth before tacing the other team's At the end ot an
innings, he would spit out the sweets, run off pitch and brash his teeth. Then
he would put tour more                in his mouth and start the ritual again
2 The
ice hockey
When
Pelle Lindbergh moved from his native muntry b the USA to play professional ice
hockey. he a tew unusual habits to remind himself of home. always wore the same
T-shirt underneath hß Philadelphia Flyers player. This T-shirt was at a
sports shop in Sweden. The T-shirt
and its annoying. It's like have to do it and
if I dont. then I'll lose And I'm mt Eng ZE•cause I didn't play well, I lost
because I didn't tie my shco the rght wTy. Perhaps hel most unusual super
stition is her habit ot wearing pair
ot socks for every match of a grand slam tournament — washing
them!
LE tmtball - that' s American football. not
soccer — U:üverstty (LSD. He is very successful in that role and
                       ISU              one
ot the best in their league. The tact that
L— at me —de ot the pitch when his team is
playing is not S howeær. is that before every game he eats a Ëw cd
gras from pttcY He the action throughout the

enpœa and  been
washed every time It began to tall apart he had it regired. Also, when there
were breaks in the game.           ha-a a glass ot drink called Pripps, which
is trom Sweden. He
Ested
that the drink had two ice afrs in it, and also that the —rson who carried the
drink to him held the glass in his right hand, Tragically, Lindbergh was killed
in a car crash when he only 26 years old. His jersey number was 31, and since
his
•ath. nobody in the team has worn that
number.
3 The tennis player
Vvilllarns
is the younger ot the two American tennis-
*Ying Williams sisters and has had an
amazing career In the
*It.
Her success in grand slam singles matches is undoubtedly to her talent and
athleticism — but Selena's mind, it is also to some very specific habits and
rituals She always ties her n:elaces in the same way before a match. And during
a match.
always bounces the ball five times before each        serve
twice betore each second serve. Serena is aware that her Ext orùy at
moments ot particularly high stress. Even it Miles were about his habit, he
could not deny it, as there are numerous clips on YouTube which show him eating
grass So he prefers to treat it with humour, claiming that his personal
tradition reminds him that he is 'part ot the field and part of the game' He
also paints out that the grass in Tiger Stadium - where the ISLI football team
play their home matches — has the best flavour.
5 The cricketer
Neil McKenzie is a South African
cricketer who played tor his national team between 2W0 and 2009. He was popular
and talented playez who was also well known for being superstitious. In the
dressing room, he always insisted that all the toilets were closed and flushed
before he went in to bat. And while batting McKenzie was very careful not to
step on any of the white unes on the ground.
Like many superstitious people, McKenzie
developed his habits in an attempt to control his luck For example. one day,
before the match started, McKenzie'S teammates taped his bat to the ceiling as
a joke. Having retrieved his bat, McKenzie played brilliantly that day and
scored over 100 runs. So trom then on. he started taping his own bat to the
ceiling! Eventually, he developed so many habits that they were interfering
with his everyday life. so he decided to stop doing them. It wasntan easy task,
but he succeeded.

Which expressions are
  followed by the unreal past?

Complete the sentences with an appropriate
past or present verb form.
I It's high time you
more attention to your teachers.
 It's 2.30 a.m. I imagine most people asleep
at this time.
        The
sooner you                           dressed, the better.
       4 It's 3.10 p.m., the
time lessons                           for the day.
 I'd
rather we    by bus, as it's raining. 6 I'd sooner we            lunch inside,
With all those wasps in the garden!
 It's time I into
town — the shops close soon.
8 Freya's fallen out of the boat! Oh well, I
suppose she  swim.
2 Complete the dialogue. Use the verbs in
brackets in the  past simple or with had better or might
as well.

words in brackets.
 Somebody's broken into my flat. (call
the police)

2 That app isn't great, but it's free.
(download it)

 I
don't think Our guests are going to arrive this evening. (go to bed)

 Amy doesn't like people using her
laptop. (not touch it)

5 You'll get into trouble if you leave that
photo on Facebook. (remove it)
4
Rewrite
these sentences without changing the meaning. Include the words in brackets.
I I don't want Dad to see my diary. (I'd
rather)

2
We
have to startwork right now. (It's high time)

3
You
shouldn•ttextherafter midnight. (You'd better)
4
5
rd
prefer the guests not to bring gifts. (I'd sooner)

6
Just
thinkwhat it'd be like to have a Ferrari! (Imagine)

7
Would
it be a good idea for everw)ne to wait outside?

IOF
SPEAKING Photo description

I
can describea Dhoto andanswer questions aboutit,

1
  AUSTENINÇ31Listen
  to a student describing the photo below. Sum up her description by writing a
  few words next to each heading (1—4).
1   Overall
  scene and location:
2   Main
  focus of the photo:
3   Clothes
  and Other props: 4 Expressions and actions:
2
  Choose
  the correct words in these phrases. Listen again and tick three phrases that
  the student uses.
1
  The details are out of focus / zoom.
2   He's
  almost Out Of photo / shot.
3   Her
  face is partly hidden / hiding.
4   1
  can make/ take out buildings through the window. Cl 5 The background is blur
  I' blurred.
3
  Write four Sentences describing the photo opposite.
  Follow the headings in exercise I and use at least two phrases from exercise
  2.

Complete these useful phrases With the
  words in the box.
first and
2     For
  a
3
  Secondly, /
4
  Also, let's not
And most
5     Answer
  these questions about the photo below. Use phrases from exercise 4.
1
  Why
  do you think there are more women than men in the class?
2
  think it's betterto exercise in a group than alone?

Why do

think
  so?

6

Listen
  to a student answering the

question below. Tick the
  pieces of information she mentions.

Tell
us about the last time you did some exercise as part of a group.

a
  where it happened C]

d
  how you felt then            C)

b
  when it happened

e
  howyou feel now

c
  who was there

f
  an interesting moment

7 Listen again. Write a brief summary
of the student's answer.

incorrect. Rewrite them correctly if
necessary.

1
Read
the exam writing task and the description. Then match the paragraphs (1-4) with
four of the headings (a—f) below. There are two headings that you do not need.

Write
  a description of a memorable get-together With friends and/or family which
  included a game.

1   One
of the most memorable family get.togethers we've ever had took place one day
last summer. There were twelve of us going, including my uncle and aunt. As the
weather was good, we decided to go for a picnic by the river. We drove there in
several cars, parked by the road,
and carried our baskets of food across the
field until we reached a good spot.
2   We
had a really relaxing lunch. chatting and enjoying the scenery. When we'd
finished eating, my uncle, Who lived in the USA for five years, suggested a
game Of baseball. He'd come prepared With a bat and ball, and even a baseball
glove too. The rest Of us weren't too Sure, but  he
was desperate to play, so we reluctantly got into two teams.
3   No
sooner had the game started when it became clear that my uncle's teammates were
hopeless at baseball. My uncle. who is very competitive. started going berserk.
He was jumping up and down and yelling at people to run faster. But it didn't
do any good - his team were thrashed. Away stormed my uncle, leaving us to
clear up the baseball things. He ended up having a big row With my aunt.
4   I've
seen my uncle and aunt quite a few times since that picnic, but I've never been
brave enough to mention that game of baseball. Perhaps they've forgotten all
about the argument they had - but I doubt it!
a
The main action
 After the event c Events leading up to
the main action
 The immediate result of the main action
e Setting the scene
 Describing the people involved
2
Find
extreme equivalents of these phrases in the description in exercise 1.
I very keen to play
2
started getting excited
3
shouting
at people
4

his
team were beaten
I Unit10
1    In the bag a baseball bat was.

2    Next
to the river was a field.
3    It
4    Away
stormed he, yelling at his Wife.

5    In
the centre of the field stood a tree.

Writing guide
You are going to do
the exam writing task in exercise I. Plan your description by choosing four of
the paragraph headings (a—D and adding them to the chart.
5
Add
notes to your paragraph plan. Try to include some interesting details.

paragraph
  1:

paragraph
  4:

6
Write
your description (200—250 words) in your notebook using your plan from exercise
5. Include at least one 'extreme equivalent'.

       5       Get Ready for your Exam

Suddenly
  I realized the awful truth. I could not speak nor
•yes,
  Pip, dear boy, I've made a gentleman of you! You see, 1 promised myselfthat
  all the money I made out there in Australia should go to you! I'm your second
  father, Pip! I'm not a gentleman myself, and I didn't go to school, but       got
  you, Pip! And 100k What a gentleman you are! And what books you've got!
  You'll read them to me, Pip! And I'll be proud Of you even if I can't
  understand them! Didntyou ever think it could be me who was sending the
  money?'
'Oh, no, no, no: I replied.
  'Never, never! Wasn't anyone else involved at all?' just me, and Jaggers,
  Ofcourse. Who else could there be? boy,
  I kept myself going, you see, through all the hard work,just by thinking Of
  you. And I promised myself I'd come back to England one day and see my boy.'
  He laid his hand on my shoulder. 'Now you must fir-Hi a bed for me, and not
  a word to anybody. 1 was sent away for life, and they'll hang me if they
  discover I've come back.'
My feelings were hornbly confused. The man Who had paid
  for my education and luxuries for years was risking his life to see me. I
  could not like him - in fact my whole body trembled With disgust when he
  touched me, but I had to protect him. He went to sleep in Herbert's room.
  After locking all the doors carefully, I sat weakly down by the fire and
  tried to make sense Of my life. HcnM foolish my dreams had been!
The
            is from Oxford BOOk%rms:
Great Expectations', by
  Charles Oickens_

'Can I help you?' I asked
  politely but coldly.
'Ah! Yes,' he said, 'yes, I'll
  explain.' He came into the sitting-room, where he looked around admiringly at
  my furniture and books. He held out his hands to me again but refused to take
  them. Then he sat down and rubbed his eyes With one rather dirty hand.
'You
  see,' he said, 'it's disappointing. Looked forward to this day for so long, I
  have. But it's not your fault. I'll explain. Is there anybody near who can
  hear us?'
'Why do you, stranger, visiting me late at night, ask
  that question?' I asked. And then suddenly I knew Who he was! In spite of the
  years that had passed, 1 was sure he was my convict! And when he held his
  hands out again, this time I took them. He raised my hands to his lips and
  kissed them.
'You helped me all those years ago,
  Pip! Never forgotten it!' He seemed to want to put his arms around me, but 1
  stopped him,
'If you are grateful to me for what I
  did in my childhood, I hope you have improved your way of life now. It wasn't
  necessary to come to thank me. But you must understand that I stopped
  speaking as I noticed how strangely he was looking at me.
'What must I understand?'
  he asked, his eyes fixed on

That
  I don't wish to be your friend. You and I met once in the past, but now our
  lives are separate. Will you have a drink before you leave?' As I handed him
  a glass of rum, his eyes were full of tears. 'I'm sorry if that sounds hard,
  I didn't mean it. Good luck in the future!' We drank together. 'HOW have you
  been living recently?' was sent to Australia, you
  know, before I escaped from the prison ship. After several years I finished
  my punishment, and so I was allowed to work for myself. I did every kind ofjob
  there. It was a hard life but I made a lot of money,'
'I'm glad to hear it,' I said. That reminds
  me. I must give you back the two pounds you sent me. I don't need it now.'
  And I handed him two new pound notes. Still watching me, he held them near the
  lamp until they caught fire.
•May
  ask,' he said, how you have done so well since you and I met on those lonely
  marshes?' His eyes were still fixed on mine, and I began to tremble.
been chosen to inherit a
  fortune,' I whispered.
•perhaps I can guess how much,'
  said the convict.
•Could it be, well, five hundred pounds a
  year?' I stood up, my heart beating like a hammer.
agent
  Who arranged it all,' he continued, •was a lawyer, name Oflaggers?'

EXAM TASK -
Reading

Read the text. Choose the correct
answer, A, B, C or D, for questions 1—4.
When his guest first arrived, the narrator
A    greeted
him coldly as he didn't like dealing with criminals
B    Saw
he was disappointed With how his house looked.
C    was
rude since he hated visits at such a late hour.
D    tried
to keep his distance from this stranger.
Which is true about the two men?
A
They
had spent their childhood together.
B
Their
financial situations had improved compared to the past.
C
They
used to be good friends but had gone their Separate ways.
D
They
were borrowing money from each other.
Pip was shocked
A    when
he realised where his fortune had come from.
B    to
find out that the two of them were closely related.
                                                                                C
that the convict wanted to become a gentleman. D at being asked how much money
he realty had.

the
  2012 Paralympic Games Jonnie stunned the world by setting a new record of 10
  90 seconds over 100 metres. He won a gold medal despite being the youngest (compete). The following year Jonnie
  was awarded an MBE and became an ambassador for the Paralympics Sports Fest,
  which aims to encourage more young disabled people to take part in sport.

EXAM TASK Listening

           Get Readyforyour Exam 5  4
From the last two paragraphs we learn that Pip    A
was being blackmailed by the convict.
                 B
had to repay his guest a large sum of money.
                C
felt obliged to keep the convict safe.
D didn't know about his guest's death
sentence. -
OLßTENlNG39
You are going to hear a message about participating in a marathon. Decide if
the statements (1—5)        EXAM TASK - Speaking are true or false. put X in
the correct column.
Your class wants to take part in a competition organised
by a group that supports animal rights. You are on
1
Every
runner must display their race           the jury deciding which poster will be
put into the number so that the marshals can see it.          competition. Look
at the two posters and:
2
All
participants must fill out a health           • select the poster that you
prefer, and justifyyour choice. form for emergencies and give it to the      •
explain why you are rejecting the second poster. marshals.
'S-Along the marathon route there Will be        BUNNIES
LIKE       HEY PEOPLE, speakers playing music and giving out

Jonnie
  peacock is a British Paralympic sprinter whose fight to overcome his(able) has made him an inspiration
  to many disabled sportsmen and women.
He contracted meningitis at the age of
  five, and for a while his life was in danger. The disease
 (serious)
  affected his right leg and it was necessary to amputate below the knee, He
  was then fitted with an artificial, or prosthetic, leg.
However, this(fortune)
  disadvantage wasn't enough to prevent him from being keen on sport. As a
  teenager, he played rugby and football, following in the footsteps of his
  grandfather who played for Liverpool FC. In 2008 Jonnie decided to find out
  more about disability sport and he
(enthusiasm)
  took up running.
Jonnie has been competing in sprint races
  since 2009 and his s (achieve) are phenomenal.
  At

84
Marathon participants are colour.coded according to the speed at which they
think they Will run.

5 Anyone wishing to change their
starting zone can dp so.
brackets.
friend about it. In your email
                                                                                •
give general information about the marathon.

•
describe the atmosphere.
                                                                                •
say how/why you enjoyed it.

say
why you think both Of you should try to run the marathon
next year.
                                                                                Write
your email in the appropriate style and format.
'2 | Get Ready for your Exam 5

1-2
I
Complete the                     appropriate words.
Born in 1962, Kim Ung-Yong is perhaps the
cleverest person the world. By the age 2 four, he was already to read in four
languages. He listed in Guinness World Records under 'highest IQ' — his score
is estimated to be about 210. Kim gained a Ph.D. from Colorado State University
before he was fifteen and went 5 to work for NASA in the USA. He continued With
that work his return to Korea in 1974. then, he has worked as a civil engineer
and has published over 90 papers in academicjournals.
2    Complete
the sentences with words formed from the in brackets.
 It
was veryof
Tom to let you do au the work. (self)
2   Jake
draws beautifully and writes plays. He's very
. (create)
3   It
wasn't very            ofyou to drive when you were feeling sleepy. (sense)
4   My
dad often tells    stories. (humour) Don't be so          . You should be
prouder of your achievements. (assume)
6 I wouldn't go on that roller-coaster ride unless you
are
very = . (dare)
3    Complete
the text with appropriate words.
Updown
Court is the 1            expensive house in the world. It's currently on the
market for a staggering $122                           million.
That's about 550 million more the priciest US home. It's in Britain, 28 miles
from central London, and even has royalty as neighbours - the Queen lives
nearby at Windsor Castle.
This brand-new property is utterly
extravagant. as one expect. It has 103 rooms, five swimming pools, a squash
court, gym, bowling alley, 50-seat cinema
- and the list goes
on. The driveway is of marble and heated — to melt ice in winter! Oh, yes, and
there's a six-bedroom house in the grounds for your guests.
it looks like an old-fashioned fairytale
palace, it naturally has all the state-of-the-art equipment pu could wish for.
All its systems computer-controlled and can be accessed
Yom             the
world. so, you can be on the Caribbean, for example, and still check that have
•       vintage champagne in the fridge when you get home.
4    Choose
the correct words to complete the text.
A young electrician has his back on the
housing market by making his family home 2_ a double-decker bus. Daniel
Bond. 28, spent four months and £11,000 the vehicle into a luxury
twc—bedroom home. Amazingly, the bus, which was used to carry passengers in
Dublin and East Sussex, has been fitted with a double bedroom, a tenn bedroom,
a kitchen, a TV lounge and a bathroom. It has full plumbing s a 220-litre water
tank, and can be connected to mains electricity. The kitchen has a cooker, a
fridge and a sink With running water.

 1
  A given

B
  put                C made

D
  turned

2 Aoutof

B
  into               C up to

D
  With

 A
  to turn

B
  for turning C turned

D turning

4 A yet

B
  ever               C once

D before

 A
  throughout

B around        C along

D overall

6 A too

B
  ever               C yet

D even

7 A could

B
  can                C m ight

D must

8 A moment

B
  present           C the present D no'

Daniel
and his partner Stacey now live in the converted 1991 Leyland Olympia bus and
the couple say they 7               not
be happier. Stacey said, 'I love it. We do not have any  kids
on the way at 8_ , but if we ever do, maybe Daniel        can
convert a school bus for them to live in.'

5    Complete
the text with words formed from the words in brackets.
Ifyou met him on a
flight, you would never imagine that he
 used to be a 1 (billion). He flies
economy and his 2 (appear) is more like a hard-up tourist than a
highly successful businessman. Nevertheless, Chuck Feeney is the co-founder of
(globe) renowned chain of airport shops, a
business which helped him make a fortune. But making a fortune was never his
(intend), and so Mr
Feeney set about gixing the             Of his money away to charity. Mr
Feeneýs family is
(Original)
from Ireland, and his charitable foundation has made     (donate) to Irish
Universities totaling 770 million euros since Many other good causes have benefited
tm. thanks to the approach which Mr Feeney as 'giving while living'.

1-2
3-4
I
Choose the correct words to complete the text.        4 My aunt has put herself
up for   to the local council. and    A election               B candidate
My grandmother 80 last week. She was born
D coalition C up in Newcastle, in the north of England. She studied Doctors
constituencyare = a change in the law on Soft drugs. medicine at university,
was quite unusual for a young A calling for B calling up woman in those days,
and worked C calling D calling in a hospital surgeon until she retired twenty
years ago. She 6 In 1994, Norwayvoted •no' in a on EU a break from her career
to have children, but soon membership.
went back to work. Her husband, my
grandad, passed A demonstration B election two years ago, and I know she him a
lot. But she's C petition D referendum a very positive person and lives life to
the full. She's also the words in 4 Complete the text with words formed from
great company and is always interested the lives of her grandchildren.
A
charity in Birmingham has come up with an unusual way 1 A turned             B
became              C grew   D arrived at           to raise public t    (aware)
of the problems
       2 A taken            B
grown           C brought        D moved                           faced by 2                       (home)
people in the city centre.
A what B that C and D
which They are organising an outdoor pyjama partyin one of the 4 A as B like
          -A
made            B did                 C had               D took                              main
shopping areas. 'We'll be handing out
6   A
through  B away    C over    D out      (invite) this week,' said Ryan Stevens,
a spokesman from
7   A
loses       B regrets               C misses D remembers       the charity.
'The party itself will be taking place next
8   A on           B
in         D about  Saturday evening.'
                                                                                The
party will be free of charge, but                           (pay)
2
Complete the text with appropriate words. use only one volunteers will be
collecting s (donate), and word in each
                               gap.                                                                                hope
to raise a significant amount Of money. This Will
           What
generation gap?                                                                                on
keeping two night shelters open through the
dad
and I would have different tast6                winter months. 'There used to
be s                (compare) You'd thi nk that my music. After all. I'm 17 and
he's 43. But no, last     f.             sleeping rough in Birmingham,' said Mr
Stevens, to one Of my favourite "but the recent increase in               (employ)
has week I caught              listening bands. When I expressed my surprise,
he was a              a lot of problems.' offended. 'You young people think you
invented popular      Several local     (council) have agreed to music,' he
said, 'butl've been listening to it since          support the event, although
the council itself has declined before you were born.' And the same goes s   films.      to
make a contribution, citing a lack of funds. He saw the first Star Wars film s a
young boy and loved it. Then, when the latest episode was released, he         5
Complete the text with appropriate words.
was first in the
queue at the box office. I went to see it
Several
high-profile authors in the UK havejoined the too. But notwith him!
                                                                                protests              planned
library closures. Nearly half
countrýs
smaller local libraries are under threat
3
Choose the correct words to complete the text. because of reduced funding, and
campaigners are worried 1 This time tomorrow on the plane to Beijing. that this
will 3 a detrimental effect on education. In
             A
I'll sit                              B I'll be sitting                                                   particular,
children from poorer households rely
              C
I'll havesat                    D I'm sitting                                                                       libraries,
it is claimed, in order to compensate
        2
'Where's Ann?' 'Don't know. She               television:                                             a
lack of books at home.

A
can be watching
C should watch
3 Politicians have drink-driving. A
signed
C launched
EXAM CHALLENGE 3-4 B
might watch A day Of action is s planned for next month in order D might be
watching to raise awareness of the issue. Appearances another campaign against
well-known literary figures, such as Philip
B
taken part                                                    Pullman, author
ofthe trilogy •His Dark Materials, will help
D
gauged                                                               to attract
media attention, it          hoped. Details of events around the country are
available online.
I
Complete the brackets.
While mobile phone
technology has improved
(drama)
in recent years, battery technology has lagged behind. However, 2
(science) in Korea hope to change that.
They have spent the past few years (develop) flexible batteries. The batteries
will still be
(recharge), but they Will be much smaller
than current batteries. This might make it possible to roll up your mobile,
tablet and e-reader for easy'
(store).
There may even be an (improve) in (perform), with longer battery life.
The new technology
will certainly
(revolution) the
design of hand-held devices. which is often dictated by the size and shape of
the
2    Complete
the text with appropriate
Texting
sheep
A

system
is being developed in Switzerland automatically
warn shepherds when herds of sheep come          under
attack by wolves. A collar on the sheep will monitor
the
sheep's heart rate. If it rises and stays high for a long time, 2 is a sign Of
distress, a text message Will sent to the sheep's owner by a
special chip embedded in the collar. Tests have shown that a sheep's  pulse
almost trebles under stress, from a resting heart rate of about 60—80 beats
minute. The tests involved twelve sheep being
confronted with  two muzzled wolfhounds. s is hoped the
protection  system Will reduce the number Of incidents
in Which sheep are attacked wolves. Small flocks Of sheep, many of owners are
too poor to buy a sheepdog, are particularly
at risk. Wolves have recently made a comeback in the Alps, after hunted
almostto extinction in the 1930s. It's the first that a sheep protection system
of this type has been trialled outdoors. The idea is similar to monitoring
systems used by elderly people, which automatically contact the emergency
services when something is wrong 10 their heart rate or blood pressure.
3
Choose
the correct words to complete the text.
A
chef
has created what be the world's most expensive pasta dish. Marco Pirelli, who
heads the kitchen at the award-winning Royal Aldgate Hotel Brasserie, designed
the dish to 2_ the restaurant's
50th anniversary. According to the
hotel's press release, Penne all'aragosta con tartufo is available for One
month only and is 3_ at £875. The pasta itself is made from a superior
kind of organic wheat, combined 4 spring water and extra virgin olive oil. But
it's the sauce which is s extravagant. It includes three lobster tails. cream,
champagne and fresh black truffle. The ingredients are a -guarded secret, but
Mr that the dish is not 'It's not
—hing would order Wery day,' he says,
'but for a ocasion, it's well worth the money. In fact, rd Ys a !• The is Off
with flakes Of gold as well as the more standard parmesan cheese. The dish is
not on the daily menu, but is available to order in advance.

1
  A would

B
  can

C
  bound to

D
  could

 A stress

B mark

 emphasise

D
  remind

3
  A worth

B
  valued

C cost

D
  priced

4    A by               B in         C with   D
for
5    A
strongly       B fully    C honestly             D truly
6    A
fully             B very     C tightly
7    A
bargain        B sale       reduction           D fortune
8    A
crowned     B made   C ended D finished
Complete the text
with suitable words. Use no more than
two words in each
gap.
Food
waste is a serious problem in most developing countries. For 1     ,
it is thought that the average American family throws   about
40%
of the food it buys. In the UK almost a third bread bought in the shops ends up
in the dustbin. But a revolutionary new loaf developed by an
American company may an end to the waste.
Normally bread only stay fresh for a few days, but the company claims that its
new loaf should stay mould-free for 6 months.

5-6

7-8

I Complete the brackets.
Understanding the grunts and mumbles of
teenagers can be (challenge). It can even lead some parents to feel as though
they speak a (complete) different language from their children. In a bid to
bridge the generational gap, one self-confessed unintelligible daughter has put
together an
(essence) guide to the modern youngster's
vocabulary. The A-Z ofTeen Talk by thirteen-year-old Lucy van Amerongen
provides (explain) Of around 300 weird and wonderful words used by her age
group. She was s (inspire) to compile the list after her parents complained
they could not understand s (converse) between her and her sisters. Lucy spent
a year (compile) the list before she sold the publishing rights for
£1,000. She said, 'I hope this Will clear up a lot Of
(confuse) for other families, and it's a
great feeling to see my name in print.'
2   Choose the correctwords to complete
the sentences.
        Our
teacher             for arriving ten minutes late for the
A confessed B admitted C apologised D
       2 They claimed they
had             each Other the day
           A
before               B previous C afterwards D later
 3 This thriller has one of the moststories
ever.
                A
graspi ng B clutching C holding               D gripping
4 According to eyewitness.
there was an explosion. A editions B flashes C broadcasts D accounts
 The government hasa
helpline for people in debt.
          A called in B put in            C
setup              D made up
      6 The Met Office has                motorists
not to travel unless
C forbidden D suggested
EXAM CHALLENGE 7-8
3   Complete
the text with appropriate words.
Disappearing islands
The tiny country of Tuvalu is in middle Of
the vast pacific Ocean. It consists 2 mne islands, which, added together, have
an area of only 26 kilometres. The population of Tuvalu is less
12,000. Because the
islands are made Of coral and do not rise very high above the surface of the
sea, they are particularly vulnerable to rises in sea level. In fact, a rise of
half a metre would
Tuvalu uninhabitable; any further rises might
cause the islands to disappear altogether.
this happened, Tuvalu would become the first
country to disappear as a direct result of warming. The countrýs
politicians are appealing to the industrialised nations Of the world to control
their emissions. If they do not, then the inhabitants of Tuvalu will pay the
price though they produce almost no pollution themselves. That doesn't seem
fair,
4 Complete the text with appropriate words.
Use only one word in each
Concern about the effects of warming is
growing around the world as countries struggle to control the amount of
greenhouse v' they produce. Some Of the negative effects include an increase 3
extreme weather, floods and
International
Potato Centre

(shock) boss that he was
  leaving his job. He then rang the National Lotterys hotline to daim his
  prize. His (celebrate) were cut short when he learned that his scratch card
  didn't in fact contain au the (win) numbers. He had
(fool) mistaken a 16 for a 15! Far from being a
  millionaire, he now found himself

the
  problem of  (obese) starts to affect punger and younger children, many people
  are now    quetioning the             (wise)
  of this policy. and the s          (publish) Of this latest report Will only
  increase pressure for a rethink.
Laming
  to coX with winning and losing is important (prepare) for later life,
  according to Dr

Complete
  the brackets.
A used-car salesman
  resigned from his job after
(mistake)
  believing he had won
£1 million on a scratch card. Steve
  Moseley
(read) the numbers
  on the scratch card and, in his' (excite), started dancing around his office.
  He bought champagne and gave all the money in his walletto his colleagues.
  Thinking hewas now
                                  (million),
  he immediately                his s

3
  Complete the text with words formed from the words in brackets.
A
  report recently commissioned by the Depa rtment Of
Health has suggested that primary
  schools in England and Wales are taking the wrong approach to sport. Although
  physical education is part of the school curriculum from the age of five,
  many primary school children rarely get the chance to play sports and games
(compete) because teachers
  fear it will lead to 2
(agree)
  in the playground. However, as

Cob)
car salesman. He said that the Travis. the leader of the research group behind
the report. news made him 10 (physical) sick. Luckily for 'By the time people
reach  (adult),' he

Steve, his manager
  reinstated him in hisjob, but

explains, 'they should feel comfortable with the idea
  that

he left shortly afterwards
  to set up his own garage.

you can enjoy competing in sports whatever
  the result.
Children will continue to
  see losing a game as

2
  Complete the text with appropriate words. Use only one

(disaster)
  event if you don't allow them

word in each gap.

to get used to it.'

In
  2009, James Washington was serving a prison sentence

Government ministers have
  welcomed the report's

 in
  the US state Of Tennessee for a minor offence When he

(find),
  but have so far not commentedón

whether
it will lead to any new policies. suffered a huge heart
Thinking he was in the final few moments
of his life,

secret for over a decade: that he had
  murder. His victim was Joyce Goodener, death in 1995 had remained an unsolved

When
  Rosie Swale's husband died Of cancer in 2002, she decided to run around the
  world to raise money for cancer charities. She 1             to do it alone,
  without

mystery. When Mr
  Washington made a surprising recovery, he tried to take  his confession and
  denied any involvement in Ms Goodener's death. However, the court did not
  believe him and him to 51 years in prison.

a support crew and with very basic shelter and supplies,
  which she pulled along with her in a little cart she ran. She paid for the
  trip by out her home while she was away. Her journey' 32,000 kilometres and
  lasted from October 2003 until August 2008. s that
  time, she wore out 53 pairs of running shoes and spent a week being followed
  by a pack of wolves in Siberia. She wrote a book about

Washington
told his prison guard something that he had 2         4 Choose the correct
words to complete the text.
                                                                                her
experiences, which was              in 2009.

I
  A planned

B
  organised

C claimed

D made

2 A since

B along

C as far as

D
  as

3
  A renting

B selling

C
  lending

D squatting

4
  A stretched

B
  travelled

C covered

D completed

5 A Meanwhile

B
  While

C As long as

D During

6
  A produced

B
  published

C screened

D founded

9-10
1-2

1
Complete the appropriate words. Use only one word in each gap.
Dear
Libby,
I hope you are well. Are you preparing to
go for more trips around the world?! Last time I wrote, I was looking a flat.
            well,                            good
news is that I've found
. The rent is extortionate, but I don't have
many s expenses, so I afford it. While I was looking at the accommodation
adverts, a squatter called Spikey came up and invited me to visit his squat.
But that was told him I worked in the financial sector! Talking of work, I've
putting in lots Of extra hours recently, but enjoying it.
Do you remember
advising me to find a hobby? Well, is a gym opposite my flat! I haven't been
there           , but I'll try to go soon.
Stefan
2
Complete the text with the words from the box. There are five words that you do
not need.
Andy
Wa   was an American a central in the movement known as Pop Art. He was born in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1928 to Andrej and Julia
Warchola, who were
immigrants from Slovakia. In 1945. the Carnegie Institute of Technolow. where
he      in graphic design. On
Warhol moved to New York, where he Carved
out a successful for himself a commercial artist. His clients included the
magazines Vogue. Harper' Bazaar and rhe New Yorker, and he did advertising and
window for departnult such as Bonwit Teller and l. Miller.
In the 1950s, Warhol turned to fine art,
He gained farne for his work as a painter, avanè garde filmrrnaker.
record producer and writer. The diverse circles he moved in included bohemians
intellectuals, celebrities and the wealthy. A contrwersial figure in his
lifetime, Warhol has been the subject of exhibitions, books and films since his
death in 1987.
3 Choose the correct
words to complete the text.
•The
first    OfSecret  one Of the most successful reality series. "as      by            Television
in May 2008. In the series. wealthy bcncfactors go undercover in impoverished               Each
week a millionaire
Wes thcir luxury life                in
            to take    a scCret identity and live in a deprived area for about
ten days.
on a limited budget with no modern
conveniences, they have to try and find a place in the community and work
alongside the locals to identify those who they think deserve a slice oftheir
fortune. At the end ofthe show. the millionaire s his true identity to the
community and gives a minimum Of S Ofhis own money to at least one person. Most
participants are men. not all. Each episode traces two Storylines: the
millionaire's culture shCKk as he or she is face to face with the realities
ofpoverty, and the rags-to-riches fairy tale ofstruggling individuals who get a
sudden windfall. Secret Millionaire is 9_ on a Channcl 4 UK hit which in
2007 won the prestigious for best reality series at the annual festival in
Lucerne. Switzerland.
aired     6
A off B published             B out C exposed  C away
         D displayed                          D
over
2    A
away       respecting
B
behind   B
deserving
C
off           C
admired
D
out          D
commended
3    A up            8
A taken
B
in             B
brought
C
to            C
kept
D
on           D
caught
4    A Living     9 A based
B
Having lived       B
established
C
To
live    C founded
D
To
be living           D set up 5 A discovers       10 A award
B    reveals B
reward
C    uncovers              C
price
D   detects D
gift
Total-

3-4

Complete the

words formed from the words in

cooking expertise

been limited

brackets.

to grilling ba;on or boiling an egg
  began to

Youth centre faces closure
esidents of the North-East town Of Brightwen are
  Afurious at plans to close their local youth centre, and a group of them have
  launched a campaign to persuade councillors to (consider) the decision. They
  are planning a 2 (demonstrate) this weekend in the town centre. June
  Pemberton, the main 3
(organise) Of the campaign, believes she has the backing of an
  overwhelming majority of local residents. 'Even those without children are
  unhappy,' says Miss 'They are concerned that the (close) will to groups Of
  teenagers hanging around on street corners with nothing to do. (inevitable),
  this will eau* an increase in antisocial behaviour and (vandal). '
But Mark Roberts, the leader of the toum council, claims that the
  number of people Who use the youth centre has been (steady) falling over
  recent years, 'It's getting less and less popular — and at the same time,
  more and more expensive in terms of s
(maintain),' he said, (hope), by
  January next year, the new sports centre will be completecL' he continued.
  'Teens will be able to use the centre for as little as £1, as will and
  the (employ). '
(protest) are unhappy that, unlike the youth centre, the
  sports centre will charge for
(enter). Many teenagers who currently use the youth centre
  come from (privilege) families that are already struggling to make ends
  meet,' said Mrs Pemberton, • A pound may be a
(meaning) amount of money to Mr Roberts, but it's more than
  many local families can afford. •

a deeper
nterest in cooking. At the same time, the of labcxrdevices, as blenders, tt»d
ari auttN11atü3 dishwashers, reduced the time anyone needed to spend in
kitcheru
3                   the correct words
to complete the text.

Tnirt•i yeu•s             at 130 an.
  a Tuesda•i. I stood     a of restless F•e-adolegents Urnp:etedh, I had been
  placed in front of 10 of them with the instructions cut ilto the
  platgrourxå because of the rain. Keep teuhers            here:
t * wa of were ten vr cent hopeful t            80 cent
  zepiical that
•_ Trz.ir bcåes          their
          were fol&.å_ Tne•f   to interest them in
Not Kro.ing
  *lat else to do. I bey-n to a story. Within their posturts changed: their
  faces and stopped rolling their eps Vtore than that: I managed to hold their
  attention tyroughout the fifteen miryates of tre ston_ I coul never that
  fifteen m I fe_
Over the next yar%, I studied the Wai people respond to
  Stories Leaving behind        Job, moved into freelarzt performing.                finally
  rrtl current position as a st0¶Ntellin9 c0Eh

A   a Iways would
B    even might
C    ever could
D   never will the otherassuming
B Other B challenging C the others               C
considering

Complete the text With appropriate
  words. Use only one

C will get

C talk

word in each gap.

D got

D make

4 A that

 to have predicted

D anotherD inquiring are getting         8
A say B gettell
roles tor women and       in the twentieth centwy forces changing women's
lives tMt t              BC Whowhich        CB have predictedpredicted
by the 1950s, accelerated the following decades. The CiW D Whose D
predict Act ot 1964 outlawed discrimination not only zwill say 10 A were to
change minorities but also on the basis ot sex. At the same time, B would say B
had changed
         Mneng liberation movement led                                                                  a
rethinkingC saidC will change
d roles. People of sexes came increasingly D would have saidD would be
changing tor women as an alternative to women full-time homemakers. the end
IWX, more than half ot women over sixteen were working. began to favour
men who shared housekeeping and
—e with ttæir wives. This iruSuded kitchen duties Men
                                                                                Review
           |

to face                            6

B
facing
C
having faced
D
face
I
Choose the correct words to complete the text. 2 Complete the text with the
words from the box. There are five words that you do not need.

purposes úigain traveú
  evidence decorative consumption invented recreational synthetic conventional
  introduction origins

Healthy
diets lead to a healthier IQ
Children fed healthy
diets at an early age may have

a slightly higher 10.
While those on heavier junk food diets may have a slightly [O. according to new
research from the University Of Adelaide. The study. led by public Health
researcher Dr Lisa Smithers. looked at the link between the eating     Of
children at 6 months. 15 months and 2 years, and their 10 at the age 3_
eight, The study of more than 7.000 children compared a range of dietary
patterns. traditional home-prepared food. ready-made baby foods. breastfeeding
and junk foods.
•Your diet            the
nutrients needed for the development Of brain  in the first two years Of life.
and the aim Of this study was to look at what 7_ diet would have on children's
IOS,' Dr Smithers said She explained that they had found that children Who were
breastfed at 6 months and had a healthy diet which regularly included foods as
cheese. fruit and vegetables at 15 and 24 months, had an 10 up to two points
higher by the age of eight. By children who had a diet regularly involving
biscuits, chocolate, sweets, soft drinks and crisps in the first two years of
life had IOS       to two points lower by the time they reached the same age.
According to Dr
Smithers. this study              the need to provide children with healthy
food at a crucial. formative time in their lives               the differences
in 10 are not huge: she explains. this study provides some of the

1
  A less

 down

C reduced

D
  low

       customs

B
  practices

C habits

D
  ways

 A in

B
  at

C for

D
  of

4
  A including

B consisting

C

ranging

D offering

 A
  awards

B lets

C

inputs

D supplies

6
  A nuclei

B sections

C

parts

D
  tissue

       impact

B results

C

goals

D
  changes

8
  A like

B such

C

rather

D similar

9 A contrast

B
  change

C

difference

D
  opposite

10
  A down

B up

C

nearly

D about

11
  A argues

 reinforces

C

claims

D echoes

12
  A As

B When

C

Since

D While

13
  A hardest

B important

C

strongest

14
  A consider

B argue

C

encourage

_
evidence to date that dietary patterns from 6 to 24 months have a small but
significant effect on 10, It is important that we 1'_ the longer-term
impact Of the food we feed our children.

The
first kites were probably created in China some 2,800 years ago. However, some
historians believe the kite may be even Older and have its              in the
part Of the world that is now Indonesia. Their are based on cave drawings in
the region. We know from written             that there were paper kites in
China by 549 AD: in that year a paper kite was used to send a message as part
of a rescue operation.
Europeans first learned about kites towards
the end of the 13w Century from Marco Polo's descriptions of them in his book
about his in Asia. It was not until the 16m century, though, that sailors
brought examples Of kites back to Europe, from Japan and Malaysia.
Kites come in all shapes and sizes. Some
are highly and represent flying and swimming creatures, such as birds,
butterflies, dragonflies, fish and dragons. Early kites were made Of silk and
bamboo, materials are used in many modern kites. The cultural significance of
kites varies from country to country. In some parts of Asia, kite-fighting -
where you try and catch or cut down your opponents' kites is a popular sport.
Many modern sports are based on of kite-flying, such as hang-gliding,
kitesurfing and snow-kiting.
Historical records show that in ancient and medieval
times Chinese kites were used for various 8 including gauging Wind strength,
measuring distances, sending messages and lifting people.
In
the 18th and 19th centuries, kites played a part in some scientific
experiments, including in the field Of
aeronautics. They have also been used in aerial photography, for making
meteorological observations and in
communications (e.g. carrying antennas). Though their use is now largely ,
in recent years  a German company has developed a
special kite as an             extra power source for its
cargo ships. It significantly reduces fuel 10 and thus costs.

D most D pay

attention

I
Choose the correct words to complete the text.                                 2
Complete the text With the correct form Of the verbs in
brackets.

Looking students at 1 the to grammar
realise of theModern of English changes manythat this    Why tweet when you can
whistle?
language has undergone since the last millennium. In Long
before the advent of the telephone, the people of fact, the English of today is
nothing               the English of    Kusköy t               (have) no problem placing longmedieval
times. Old English — that is, English spoken        distance calls: they would
just put their lips together and before the eleventh century — marked
grammatical          (blow). For generations the Turkish functions with
'endings' attached to 'base' words.      villagers 3            (converse)
across their steep, Nouns and adjectives could be of three genders wooded
mountainsides in a language (masculine,
feminine or neuter) and there were four                   (compose) entirely of
whistling.
cases (nominative, accusative, dative and genitive).     Now.
as modem technology creeps into their remote  had its own endings s  to the roots.
Modern    home on the Black Sea coast, Kusköy s

English marks the infinitive of verbs
with a preceding(battle) to keep its 'bird language' alive. The village's to,
whereas Old English infinitives ended in -an. In all         most expert
whistlers(gather) yesterday tenses verbs had separate suffixes for singular and          (compete) as part of an annual
festival to plural in the first, second and third persons. After            promote
the tradition.
the eleventh century, the number of
these endings     •Since mobile phones arrived, more people — especially
significantly. They were replaced by 7 is,           kids — aren't so keen on
the whistling language,' said broadly speaking, the same system that English
has
Ibrahim Kodalak, 45, one Of this year's hopefuls. today,
which, unlike Old English, makes very 8 use ofword endings. It relies 9           on
the word order             Competitors whistled instructions to one another
from in the sentence. This was due mostly to the Norman             each side
Of a valley, and g
(assess) by a invasion,
after which the invaders and the invaded had             panel of judges. For
the villagers, this is really about

somehow
to communicate with each other. The word                               upholding
their traditions.

end'ngs only added to
the confusion,  they were(not,
matter) who wins,' Said Mahmut gradually abandoned, and more prepositions were                      Civelek, who
successfully whistled instructions to

used in place of them.

fellow
  competitor to remove his hat and perform a local dance. •This is a culture
  that's in our blood.' In the end

 decimated the judges shared his view,
(declare) all dropped  competitors
joint winners.
C   condensed
D  reducedAccording to Seref Köcek. head of
the Bird Language A WhatAssociation,
about 80 per cent of the village's 1,000 thatinhabitants still understand the
language. It can which       (use) to communicate over distances of up to 1.000
metres. But as phone companies    hardly   (put up) masts around the
valley, now Some(see) holding mobiles to
C     little            their
ears more often than fingers to their lips. Kusköy smallis also slowly
shrinking, as young people leave to find in spitebetter opportunities in
Turkey's booming cities.
instead
One such person is Mr Köcek's
brother Rifat, 38, who in place
D     on the spot            works as a
fireman in Istanbul but returned for the connected   10 A sofestival. 'Even
when people leave the village. they still
B   linkedB although remember the language and
use it when             here,' he
C   bound  C whereassaid. •After all, you
have to pay to use a mobile phone.
D   added    D
however             (Whistle) is free.'
7-8
9-10
I Complete the text With appropriate words.
Use only one word in each gap.

Protesters fail to stop play
According to a police
spokesman, an attempt to disrupt a tennis match at Wimbledon            prevented
yesterday afternoon, thanks              the work of an undercover officer. A
group of environmental protesters planned to run onto Centre Court during
the second set of the men's semi*           match
and hold up a large banner protesting against
Supermarket, but the
protesters were arrested they could get onto the court. It is not clear at this
stage exactly         complaint they have against the company, but it is
thought to relate to plans to build a new store in Williams Street.
Police
are refusing to give any details of the undercover officer, but he is believed
to              moved into a squat with some of the other protesters several
months
2 Complete the text with words formed from
the words in brackets.
Sleep is essential to Scientists are
still what sleep are, as well as What actually takes What is clear, though, is
that is _ (detriment) to physical, mental and emotional well-being. (drowsy) is
the most
Obvious symptom Of a
lack of     but other problems such (depress) might not be so easily identified
as related, particularty in the cæe Of long-established bad sleeping
patterns.
During sleep there is a rate Of (grow) and
repair Of cells in the and _ (nerve) systems, and bones and muscles Of our
bodies. There are two basic types of sleep: REM (rapid eye movement) and nonREM
(non-rapid eye movement). Different physiological and (neurology) processes are
associated with each. Just as a lack Of sleep heightens certain health risks
(for example, of cardio.ascular disease), too much sleep is linked to increased
(mortal).The amount Of sleep humans require depends to some extent on age, though
there is significant '0 (vary) within in group.
9—10
and convinced them that he was an
anti-capitalist campaigner.
A spokesman    the
supermarket chain has publicly thanked the police            their work,
adding, 'Wesley's takes pride in its positive relationship with the community.
This small group of protesters does not represent the views of the general
However, the police
have             criticised in the past for using undercover officers to
infiltrate groups of environmental protesters, A spokeswoman for the Green Party
said: 'This is a terrible waste of police resources.
We
are not talking about terrorists, crimina s: these are legitimate protests
which should be allowed to               place.'
3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in
I know teenagers tend to find their parents
embarrassing, but mine are something special! My father (know) to walk to the
local shop in his pyjamas and slippers, not because he's absent-minded: he
simply can't be bothered With the convention Of getting (dress) to go outin
public.
Most people accept
that if you    (study) music when you were young, it's too late. But not my
mother! At the age of 50 she took her first singing lessons and she seems to
seriously think she
(make) it onto the
opera stage in the not too distant future. She s    (always, sing) — round the
house as well as in public. Going shopping with her is terrible!
The upside of having
such eccentric parents is that they (always, encourage) me to form my own
opinions and pursue what really interests me. sometimes wonder, though, whether
| (follow) a pretty conventional path so far in some sort of subconscious
opposition to my parents. I did sciences and maths for A levels and        (start)
a medical degree in a few weeks. My parents had assumed | 9
(want) to take a gap
year to travel and •spread my wings'. But I can't wait     (get on) with my
studies and a career!
Total:

Functions Bank

STIMULUS-BASED DISCUSSION
SPECULATING ABOUT A PHOTO
Judging
             reckon (If)
Looking
at       I'd say that (IF)
It's clear from the photo that (IF)
I should think he/she is (IF)
Maybe/Perhaps (IF)
He/she looks as if/though (IF)
He/She looks like (IF)
He/she is obviously (19
I'd say he/she is (IFJ

He/she
  could/mav/mightbe

(IF)

It's
  quite possible/likelv that

(59

There seems to be (59
Chances are that (5F)
More likely than not, (SB
GIVING A GENERAL OPINION and large. (In
Personally, I think
In my experience. (IF)
ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION
Could
you tell me what you mean by (3B not Sure What    mean by (39 Could you repeat
that, please? (39
Could Say that again, please? (39 Sorry.
I didn't catch that. (39 PARAPHRASING rm not sure how to say it in English.
(7F)
I don't kncr.v what it's called in English.
other words, (79
Whatl mean is, (79
What  (use for) (79 rsa kind of (In
GAINING THINKING TIME
•etme thinkabout that fora moment. (79
1 haven't given that a great deal of thought
before. (7B me See, (79
That's an interesting question. (79
CHOOSING AND REJECTING OPTIONS so, I'd
Opt for the mainly because (59
I think the would be the better/best option
because (SO
So mt.' choice would be the (59
I wouldn't choose the because (59
The reason wouldn't go for the is that
(sn I wouldn't pick the simply because (5F)
EXPRESSING OPINIONS
STRUCTURING AN ANSWER
First and foremost. (109
. For a start. (109 secondly, (Ion
And thirdly, (109
Also. let's not forget (10B
                 And           importantly.
(109
EXPRESSING A FIRM OPINION
                To my
mind     (6
In my view (6F)
I'm of the opinion that (6B
                 I
feel fairly                that (69
It seems clear to me that (6B
EXPRESSING A TENTATIVE OPINION don't
have any strong feelings about (6F)
—             I'm
not sure, really. (6B
•
Itcould
be argued that (69
There might be a case for arguing that (6B
INTRODUCING A COUNTER-ARGUMENT
On the other hand, (6B
But then again, (6B
Having said that, (69
At the same time. (6B
JUSTIFYING YOUR OPINION
The reason I believe that is because (89
The main reason is that (89
Why do I think that? Well, for one thing (89
•
Anotherthing
is that (BF) Another reason is (BF)
On top of that (8B
Functions Bank

Functions Bank

NEGOTIATING

AGREEING

SUGGESTING

Maybe
  you've got a point. (ID)

How
  about         (ID)

A
  That'S not a bad idea. (ID)

Or what about (ID)

I could try it, I suppose. (ID)

In that case, why

try.

(ID)

1 might give ita go. (ID)

know,
  why don't we

(49

guess ycw could be right. (an

•
  Here's an idea.

    OK.            persuaded
  me. (49

I've got it. HOW about

OK.
  Let's agree on that. (49

think we Should

J That's decided, then.
  (OF)

PERSUADING

We could always (4F)
The other thing we should do is                                                                           The
big advantage (of my idea) is (49

OBJECTING

                                                                                Wouldn't
it be betterto     (OF)
Tobe
honest, I don't really like _                                                                    T
Don't you think that
I'm
not that keen on (ID)                                                                                Mavbe,
but still think (4FJ

I don't feel happy about
  (ID)

EXPRESSING REGRET

' I
  don't think would be my thing/would suit me.

I
  (really) wish I had/hadn't

(99

I'm hot sure/convinced
  about that. (49

If
  only I had/hadn't (99

don't think that's a great
  idea. (49

I'd rather I had/hadn't

Let's put that idea to one
  side for a moment. (49

: :

     I wish could               (99

I
  see             you're saying that. but (49
That's
  nota bad               but 1 thin• (an
Alternatively, we could
  (an
I don't think could be
  bothered to (IOD)

• I wish I had been able
  to

(99

Functions Bank

Phrases
DESCRIPTIONS EXPRESSING CONTRAST
unlike Sara, lade is tall. (l G)
In contrast to Sara. lade is tall. (IG)
Sara is short, but/nhereas lade is tall.
(IG) While/Whilst Sarah is short, lade is tall. (IG) Sara is short. lade. on
the other hand. is tall. (IG) lade is tall. and yet Sara is short. CIG) lade is
tall. However. Sara is short. (IG)
DESCRIBING PERSONALITY She tends to
He has a tendency to CIG)
She has a habit Of (IG)
He comes across as (1 G)
People regard her as CIG)
People consider her (IG)
Some people find him (IG)
She can be at times. (IG)
RECOMMENDING
The impressed me. as did the (6G)
The struck me as (being) (6G) Was
immediately Struck by the (6G) immediatety noticed the (6G)
What caught my eye was (6G)
What made a big impression on me was (6G)
What found most (appealing/impressive etc.)
was .
DESCRIBING A PLOT The film is set in
(7G) The story begins When (7G) tt's the story of (76) The plot revolves around
(7G) Atthe Start of the film, (76) in the course of the film, (PG) By the end
of the film, (70 There's a twist at the end. (7G)
NARRATIVES
BEGINNING A NARRATIVE
• It was a warm evening in August ( A
•Wow! Lookat his place!' said my dad
I often think back to (SGI
SEQUENCING CLAUSES
After (leaving the house), I (2G)
Having (left the house), I (2G)
As (I left the house), I (26)
The moment (I left the house), I (2G)
    Looking up.      (2G)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Eventually, (26)
In the end. (26) After a while, (2G)
U Two
weeks later, (26) Out Of the blue. (2G)
At the same time. (2G) Shortly
afterwards, (2G)
Meanwhile, (2G)
Some time earlier, (2G)
CONCESSION CLAUSES
He won the race even though he'd hurt his
toot. (3G)
Although he'd hurt his foot. he won the race.
(3G)
He won the race despite hurting his foot.
(3G)
In spite of his injury. he won the race.
(33 PURPOSE AND RESULT
(left the house) in order to/so as not
to (9G) (leftthe house) in Order that/so that/so (9G) (left the house) with a
view to/with the intention of was so (tired) that (9G) w Itwas such (a big
surprise) that (9G)
ADVERBIAL PHRASES
In the middle of the room stood a policeman.
(IOC)
Away they drove. (1 OG)
On the table were three envelopes. (106)
It turned out that (9G)
SO finally, (9G) t And now, years later,
'still think/remember„ (96)
Phrases

Phrases
OPINION ESSAYS
INTRODUCING AND SUPPORTING AN ARGUMENT
The question we need to answer is (86)
It's no use/good arguing that (SG)
It's
fair to                    (8G)
It'S
important to                   that (8G)
It's worth acknowledging (8G)
It'S
hard                 that (86)
It's impossible to say whether (8G)
It's
easy to             out that (8G)
It's worth pointing out that (8G)
INTRODUCING ADDITIONAL POINTS
Furthermore, (86)
Moreover, (8G)
What is more, (86)
Similarly. (8G)
We Should also remember that (gG)
INTRODUCING CONTRASTING POINTS
On the other hand. (
However, (89
Having said that,
. And yet, (86)
That said. (8G) though. (8G)
CONCLUDING PHRASES
My own opinion is (BG)
In conclusion, (8G)
All things considered, (8G)
TO Sum up, (8G)
On balance. (8G)
All in all,
In the final analysis. (8G)
Phrases
LETTERS OF PROTEST
OPENING THE LETTER
I am writing to protest against wish to
register my opposition to (4G) am writing to express my concern about (46)
INTRODUCING REASONS FOR PROTESTING am Very worried about/ that am particularly
concerned about (4G) fear that (it) Will lead to
It is clearty unfair to/that (4G)
In
addition, (46) Furthermore. (OG) would like to point out that (OG)
MAKING A POINT FORCEFULLY the fact is
that (úG)
It is important to recognise that (46)
T I wish to object in the strongest
possible terms to 1 find it unacceptable that (4
DESCRIBING ILL EFFECTS
"ill do Serious damage to will lead
to the collapse/destruction/death, etc. of
_ is       to adversely affect (4 G)
will have a devastating effect on
The consequences Of Will be very damaging,
(46)
REQUESTING ACTION
It is for these reasons that I think (46)
ReaSe put            immediate) stop to
(AG) do everything in your    to (46)
I urge you therefore to reconsideryour
decision/proposal (to

Account of an event

One of the most frightening
  experiences of my life took place while 1 was on holiday in Greece two years
  ago. What started ag a relaxing and enjoyable boat trip
almost  a
  dig a g ter
 We had been Staying at a
  holiday     on mainland
Creece for
        a week When We decided to      one
Of the nearby booked the at our then We walked
  to the and found our . captain welcomed us and We Sat the
At first,
  the weather good and the Sea Was calm. However, after about fifteen minutes,
  the wind became much stronger. Then dark clouds filled the Sky, and it was
  clear that a storm was about to start. Ten minutes later, it pouring with
  rain and the sea was extremely rough. It was absolutely terrifying!
The captain of the boat
  explained that he couldn't approach the island — he was that we might hit the
  rocks if we went too close! All we could do was wait for the storm to pass.
  Meanwhile, the was rocking violently from side to side and all of the passengers
  were feeling very ill as well as frightened. But finally, the gtorrn passed,
  the sea became calm once more and we finished our journey.
1' 11 never forget being at sea during a
  storm. In future, 1' certainly check the weather forecasts before booking a boat

• Start your
accountwith an introduction that Will encourage your reader to continue
reading. Include the time and place that your story happened.
• Develop
your story using sequencing expressions, like first, then, later, next and
finally.
• Give an
idea of how quickly the events developed by using phrases like oner about five
minutes and five minutes later
• Don't write
about too many events. It is better to describe fewer things in more detail.
• Use the
past continuous for describing a scene.
• Make Sure
your Story finishes With a definite conclusion. If appropriate give a final
opinion of what happened, or say how it affects your life now.

Although
  the government gives money to universities, students still have to pay for
  their university education. They pay tuition fees and also need money to live
  on while they are studying. However, some people argue that education should
  be free, including university
education.
It is hard to deny that poorer
  people in our society sometimes miss

the chance to study at university because
  they cannot afford it. As a result, they have fewer opportunities when they
  apply for jobs, and often remain at a disadvantage throughout their lives.
  This is unfair. Free university education would ensure that everybody has an
  equal chance to study at a higher level, In addition, it would mean that
  universities could attract the most able students and not the wealthiest.
On the other hand, free
  university education would cost the government a lot of money and they would
  have to raise this money through taxation Some people maintain that it is
  unfair to tax ordinary working people so that a minority can study at
  university. Furthermore, they question how useful university education really
  is for the country as a whole, and argue that vocational training would be
  more eneficial,
On
  balance, I believe that the advantages of providing free university education
  outweigh the disadvaritages. While free education costs everybody a little
  more in taxes, it creates a fairer system and more opportunities for poorer
  people to do well.

Essay (for and against)
• Divide your
essay into four paragraphs.
• Write an
interesting introduction to your essay that will encourage your reader to
continue reading.
• In the
second paragraph include points in favour of the statement.
• In the
third paragraph include points against the statement.
• The fourth
paragraph should be a conclusion balancing the arguments for and against the
statement and offering your own opinion.
• use linking
expressions such as as a result, on the other hand, furthermore and on balance
to guide your reader through your essay.
Bank

would
  deny that global warning is a serious

Few people problem,
  and that reducing carbon emissions is the main nay to tackle it. Large,
  powerful cars produce far carbon emissions than cars with small engines, and
  for this reason, I believe they should be banned.
very
  powerful engines

rst
  and foremost, large cars with are completely unnecessary in today's world.
  Our city streets are full of these vehicles, crawling along at ten kiltnetres
  per hour and creating huge artmlntS of pollution. Electric cars are just as
  fast in a busy city and produce no carbon
enissions at all .
Moreover, large cars are more
  dangerous for pedestrians and cyclists because they are heavier and more
  likely to cause serious injury or death if there is a collision. At a time
  when we are encouraging people to walk or cycle instead of driving, we should
  aim to make our streets as safe as possible, and that includes banning
  unnecessarily large cars.
Of course, not everybody      agree
  with this position. Sone people maintain that they have a genuine need for a
  very large car. For example, families with a lot of children nay claim that
  only large vehicles, or •people carriers' as they are sœletines kncwn,
  provide enough room.
All things considered, I really do
  think that large,
p.aerful
  cars should be made illegal . While it's true that they are useful for some
  families, they create an unacceptable amount of pollution and cause
  irreversible damage to the environment.

Essay (opinion)
Description
of a person
• In
the first paragraph, include the name of the person, what he or she does, and
the reason for your choice.
• The
second paragraph should include a physical description. In the third paragraph,
mention the person's main characteristics and give examples.
• The
fourth paragraph should explain what makes this person special, with examples
Of behaviour and achievements.
• The
final paragraph should sum up your thoughts about the person
Bank
• Divide
your essay into five paragraphs.
• Write
an interesting introduction to your essay that will encourage your reader to
continue reading. Include your own op•mon.
• In
the second paragraph, include the main point in support Of your Opinion.
• In
the third paragraph. include another point in Support of your opinion.
• In
the fourth paragraph, include points in support of the opposite opinion.
• The
fifth paragraph should be a conclusion. Restate your opinion, but briefly
mention the opposite side Of the argument as well.
• Use
linking expressions such as first and foremost, moreover, for example and all
things considered, to guide your reader through your essay.
It is
 difficult think Of famous people who are good mle models. Howmœrt I have
aways admired the actœss Rachel Weisz because. as              as being
beautiful. more   she intelligent and principled.
Weiszi5170 centimetrestall and has long. dark
hair and
brown eyes. Although she was born in England,
her father was born in Hungary and her mother in Austria.
Undeniably. Weis-z has always been one
Of the most thoughtful and intelligent Stars Of the big screen For example,
aged fourteen, down as a model actress because she worried that it would
interfere with her education. She completed an English degree at Cambridge
University before launching her carter in films.
Because Of her
beauty. Weisz is offered roles in all kinds Of romantic blockbusters,
but she is very caryful about Which parts she accepts.
One of her most successful roles was in
the 2005 Oscar-winning film Gardener. which is about corruption in Kenya. It a
nur•k of her caring attitude that. during the film. she and her co-stars up a
charity called the Constant Gardener Trust to help people in Kenya who are
Irving in P2verty.
In my opinion, Rachel Weisz is a good
role model because she has never allowed fame to go to her head. Although she
is very successful.
she still spends tune helping people Who
    had fewer opportunities ir life than herself.

Description Of a
place

Of
  all the cities I have visited, the one I like most is Barcelona. I spent five
  days there in 2012 when was on holiday with my parents and it made a big
  impression on me.
Barcelona is a large city
  in the north-east of Spain. in a region called Catalonia. It is situated on
  the Mediterranean coast about 150 kilometres south of the Pyrenees. The city
  itself is quite hilly, and there are mountains to the north-west, including
  the famous Montserrat where there is a Benedictine abbey which can be reached
  by cable car.
There are many beautiful
  places to visit within the city. There are parks and beaches. as well as a
  busy port which was renovated in preparation for the Olympic Games in 1992.
  In the heart ot the city, you can find Las Ramblas, which are wide streets
  full of market stalls, cafés and street performers.
My favourite building in
  Barcelona the huge church called the
Sagrada
  Familia, which was designed by the Catalan architect Antoni GaudiAlthough
  work began on the church in 1882, it has never been completed and continues
  to this day. However, it is open to visitors,who can climb the incredibly
  tall towers and enjoy amazing views across the city.
Barcelona
  is a great place to visit because it has so many different things to offer:
  beaches, parks, architecture and culture. It also has a modern and lively
  atmosphere which I love.

•
in
the first paragraph, include the name Of the place and the reason for your
choice.
•
The
second paragraph should describe the general location and      of the place.
•
In
the third paragraph, describe what the place has to offer: notable landmarks,
facilities, etc.
•
In
the fourth paragraph, give a more detailed description Of One particular aspect
or part of the place.
•
The
final paragraph should Sum up your thoughts about the place.
Film review

One
  of the best films that I have seen recently is The Bourne

Legacy, an
  action film directed by Tony Gilroy and starring Jeremy
Renner.
  It is different to the previous three Bourne films, which based on the novels
  by Robert Ludlum, because the central character of those novels, Jason
  Bourne, does not appear.
The
  film tells the Story Of Aaron Cross, a trained assassin Who has enhanced
  physical and mental abilities. He is sent to Alaska for a training assignment
  when the remote hut where he is staying is suddenly a ttacked by missiles. He
  realises that he needs to find out Why someone is trying to kill him and put
  a Stop to their activities before they put a stop to him!
The
  pace Of the film is frantic and the action is non-stop. In general, the
  acting is excellent and Jeremy Renner in particular gives a great performance.
  The only flaw in the film is that there are a few places where the plot is
  not very realistic. For example, at one point, Aaron Cross fights Off a pack
  Of hungry wolves in Alaska single-handed and walks away completely unharmed.
  In my opinion The Bourne l.ægacy is a worthy film to follow on from the
  Bourne trilogy. The nýnor problems with the plot are outweighed by the
  fact that the film has you on the edge Of your seat from Start to finish, I
  would certainly recommend it to anybody looking for a thrilling and
  fast-paced action film.

•
Include
information about the title and genre of the film, its director and the main
actor or actors in the first paragraph.
Outline
the plot in the second paragraph. Say what you liked and did not like about it
in the third paragraph.
•
In
the final paragraph, say Who you would recommend the film to and Why.
Bank

Book review
of the best
books that I have read       called The arious Incident
Of    the Night-   It's a eyritiål writer called
Marv Haddon and is his but-mon novel.
  The Curious
Incident Of the           is a
•
Include
information about the title Of the book and the author in the first paragraph.
•
Outline
the plot in the second paragraph.
•
Say
what you liked and did not like about it in the third paragraph.

fifteen-par-old  Lhristqpher
  who discovers  4g¶dead in  recommend the book to and why.
the qaråen Chri"epþtr
  decides to       he records his   ierzet in a book , He     ions
  the     about the •s
disappearance
  and in so   still alive. even from thoneough  of his
  the father had Mrshim that his mother that she had died
Toe main Of
  this book iB in its of the main character.
  Christgpher. from autiErn and so he sometimes fir.åB
  it

difficult
    to understand and communicate With

In this book
    we

                             his  and
    comes across

At the end

Of the
    book is more op'þpYStit about

       having    the

                 the   death  found his
    mother. Ifs
however.
    at, he  does not trust his father.

a Bad

and

at both teenaYY2_

and adultb
  and would certainl\ recommend it, It is a book  remember
  for

•
In
the final paragraph, say Who you would

Formal letter
•
Start
Dear Sir or Madam if you don't know the name Of the person you are writing to.
Use the person's title (Mr. Mrs, Ms) and their surname if you do (Dear Mrs
Samson).
•
State
your reason for writing in the first paragraph.
•
Avoid
contractions. use formal expressions.
•
Use
a suitable phrase to bring your letter to a close.
•
End
your letter With Yours faithfully if you started with Dear Sir or Madam, and
Yours sincerely if Vou started with the person's title and surname.
•
Sign
your name and print it in full afterwards.
Use the
abbreviation enc. if vou are including anything with the letter (for example,
CV, application form. reference).
Bank
Dear Sir or Madam,
1   writing to apply for the
temporary post of Suzner Camp Activity Co-ordinator, as advertised in The       last
Saturday.
I an a second year stt_ldent
at Bristol University and am currently taking my end—of-year exams. The sumner
vacation begins on 21st June and emis on 23rd September, and 1 am hoping to
find a job for as much of that period as gK3ggibIe.
Last       I worked for a
company caned Sunny Days which organises holidays for children with
disabilities. My duties included arranging sports and other activities and
taking the children for excursions.  was considered to be a hard-working
responsible employee, and my manager at Sunny Days has already offered to
provide a reference, should you require one.
I am
enclosing my Curriculum Vitae and I forward to hearing from you in due course.
Yours faithfully,
Kevin Waterstone
Kevin enc.
CV

Unit
  I Out Of the ordinary

secretive (adi) self•motivated (adi)
  spiky
Stride (n, v)

able-bodied (adj) absent-minded (ado
  ambitious (adi)

amiable
  (adi)

talkative (adi)

/'ta:kanv'

argumentative
  (adí) aside from (prep) assertive (ad)

aKgju•mentattV/

thick-skinned (adD timid (adn
  tongue-tied (a do

attention-seeking (adj)

trugtW)rthy (a do

PI
  rt. st wa:ði,'

bio headed (adi)

,
  b.g'hed'd'

unassuming (ado

bracelet (n) by and large

/bre•slat/
'la:dÿ'

urge 5b to do Sth (v)

/.
  3:d3

ta •du:

cagey (adi) told-blooded
  (adi)

f
  ketd3i/

vain (adD well-meaning (adi)

conceited (adi) condescending (adi) conformist (ad j)
  considerate (adi) considering (prep) conventional (adi) daring (adi)
  dedicated (adi)

si:t
/,køndl

Wh      S
  (conj)

wear

dependable (adi)

n dabV

desperate (to do 5th)
deterioration (n) devote (v) easy•going (adi)

/
  'desparat
SAmthOV

du:

eccentric (adn
envy (V)

'ik'sentnk,•'

at/in Sth (v)

hk•sel

Phonetics

Get Ready for your
Exam 1 fast track (n) '"fa:st trak.-'

know the basics (v) move at speed (v) V.mu:v
at •spi:d,' refine your Skills (v) "n.farn j': 'skilz,'

Unit 2 Rich and poor
a good cause .god affluent (adD rafluant:

allowance (n) amenities (n) be (deep) in debt
(di:p) 'det/ be faced With consumer .fetst kansju:ma _ choices be worthlearn a
fortune a •fa:tjutn/ broke info "nal budget wisely (adj)

extra-curricular activity (n)
V.ekstraka'nkjal*rj ekt.vatif
           (adi)                  J'
grsmpi/
Nard-M"king (adi) have a habit of
doing Sth               a              av

i" the long run
  intriguing (adi

fin

"itable (adi) kind-hearted (adi)

f•ntabV

(adi)

lev I •hedldl

(adi)
eye Contact With Sb              knntækt
(adi) onto 5th (adi)
(adi)
(adi)
                (adi)             ,'aot
—tr. n ising
(adi)
—sonality
trait (n)                             trem
/
•pi's I n'
into some money (v) ,'.kAm Intu sam

comfortably
  off (ad)        ",kAmftabli •of,'

an     and a leg (v)            an                 and
  costly (adi)       /'kostlV
deprived area (n) detached house dip
  into your savings /.d.p Intu j': dirt cheap (adi) informal 'Ida:t Ui:p'
  donate (v) evict 5b (from a house) (v)
exasperated
  (adD extortionate (adi)               Ilks'ta:Janat/ fail/ pass your driving
  test (adj)      test,' filthy (adi)               /'f'10i,'
fund
  (V. n) furious (adi)                fjoarias' generous (adn get by on Sth
  (phrv)  "get gorge CWS (adi) hard up (adj)                f.ha:d

'leg/

hideous (adi) h       (adi)
Word phonetics Translation hoodie (n) how the
other half live immensely (ad) keep Sth     Sth fora rainy day 3 •dCL/ from
hand to mouth info living expenses mainstream (ado make a make ends meet mean
(adiJ money burns a hole in Sb's PCRket informal out Of the blue (prep) packed
(adi) penniless (adi) priceless (adiJ pricey (ado property developer
(n) informal rip Sb Off (phrv) Shop
around soaking Wet (adi) Spotless (adi) squat (v&n) starving
State
benefits (n) Stingy (ad D the socially disadvantaged tighten      belt (v)
wealthy (adi) well off (adi) what's
(your/family) finances
be of 5b bicker with 5b (v) j 'blka wtð
to 5b about sth (v) tu *baot
bonding experience bring out the worst
in 5b            "wa:st
Childhood (n)
Close the generation gap

'mi:t'
b3:nza
s       •pok1tJ /.aot
/•pmpati
'Of'
'wet'
/
•spot law'
Id3dD'
"wots
_
Get Ready for your Exam 2
alter sb's behavitwr
big
Out a survey effectively (adv) manipulate (V)
marketlng (n) predict (v) preference (n) promoticmal campaign /pr3Jn30Janal _ _
wire 5b up (v) Unit 3 Generations adolescence (n) adore (v) adulthood (n)
answer back (v) back down (phrv) /. bæk be on the same wavelength

combative
  (adi)

confide in Sb about
despise (v) die down (phrv) disruptive
  (adi) do Sth up (phrv) drawback (n) elderly (adi)

(v)
                   ssmbadi

abaot

extended family faulty
  (adi)

u"k.stcndtd

feel sorry for Sb

'fi:l
                         SAmbadV

natter (v)

VTIæt*r'J

flirt with Sb (V)

'
  T13:t W'ð

get abducted

L'.get

have a lot in common

a Jot In

with healtt»care (n) hold Sb/sth up
  (phrv)
immediate
  family inability (n) inadvertently (adv)

w SAmbadiL'

infancy (n)

/              Sit

insult (v) lecture 5b about 5th (v) sAmbadi
abaot
life           'kspektansif
lifespan (n) 100k     (phrv) 100k up to 5b  v)             'luk 'AP tu middle
age nag sb about sth (v)  abaU1
OAP (Old-age pensioner)

old
  age (n)

JÞld

play
  Sth         (phrv)

J,ple.

put sb up (phrv)
  retirement age(n)

l,pot s Ambxli

See                  eye
  With
self-employed (adí)

tu 'al Wtð

Shining example (n) Show 5b up (phr v)

/Ja•mo

stamp your feet (v)

',stæmp j3: •fi:t/

state pension (n) stick together (v)

' pen' n'

storm out "hr v)       Y, st.:m •aut/
tease 5b about 5th (v)          "t i: z        abaut
tell sb off for sth v) ssmbadi •of fa s
,smo.g,'

be
  attrit»uted to 5th                          a•tnbjutld tu samovo,'___

be
  glued to the screen                      ta 'skri:n,'

breakthrough
  (n)

contributing
  factor                                                        'fæktafrv
  _

expand
         wardrobe     flk,spœnd j':

obesity (n) over-eating
  (n)

reverse a trend W) rise
  dramatically
Unit 4 Taking a stand

a •trend'

abhorrent (adi) activist (n) ageism (n) aggrieved (adi)
  anonwnous (adj)

armed Struggle (n) banner
  (n) barricade (n) bound      are notice) break up (a

•
  strA9V

demonstration) (phi v) by peaceful means

•strClfnV

candidate
  (n) censor (v) chant (v)
Civil/human right
Civil unrest coalition (n) constituency (n) electoral
  system (n) e-petition (n)

-den/

toddler (n) unpredictable (adi) wind sth
up (phrv) wrinkle (n) Get Ready for your Exam 3
(n) extreme view (r) "st past the
post freedom of speech free s gain independence (v) gneral election (n) public
(n)
hold/be excluded from nblit office
(adí)
Sung parliament (n)

Invade Sb's privacy (v)
join
              a march/

"n,ve.d snmbadiz

demonstration/rallv
  (v)

           •
  st        ræli/

launch
  a campaign (v)

/þ:ntJ

left.•ing
  (adi)

/. left Win/

libertarian (adj. n)

/ , liba'tearian'

mainstream politics march (v) occupy somewhere (v)
  parami litary group partition (n)

'polatlks/

pass a law
petitiM
  (n)

/.pa¶S a
"pits ImJatrv,•'

placard
  (n)

r" plæka:d'

political prisoner proportional representation
  protestant (n)

'Þa.11t 1 kl

public
  opinion

a•ptnjarV

restore     Order (v)
  right-wing (adi) riot (n&v)

and

single-issue politics sit-in (n) sit up and take notice

/,St001
          •polat'ks/

Spiral of violence
Stifle opposition
Stunt
  (n)

/.           av
  • var.lansv"

•cite Sth (v) the public interest take a
stand undermine (v)

Get Ready for your Exam 4
account for 5th (v) be               rely
hit (by Sth)
„'.srvV.hju:man •ran/                                                    carefree
(adD jobless fig.ffes (n) "d30blas mask (a problematic (adi) public Sector
jobs ,sekt3 'd3C*zJ

recession (n)

"k.stri:m
  •vju:l

Underline (v)

•spi:tJ/

Unit 5 Technology

/,fri:
  'spi:tl,'

acknowledge
  (v)

i,
  get n

acquit
  sb of sth (v)

13 'kW't

'psbllkf
Iks.klu:d.d

alert
  Sb to 5th (v)

from pnbl•k •of'S'

app
  (n)

/ h
          faobJkJ

at the mercy of awkward (adi)

,'tn'sart
'tntrest/

blackmail (v)
callous (ad D

radioactive dust

cancel (v) Caution (v, n) circuit board
(n) convict sb of sth (v)
cursor (n) cybercrime (n) cystic
fibrosis (n) defraud (v) double•click (v) download (v)
(adi) edit your profile enter a passm)rd go
joyriding go straight (not break the law) informal hacker (n) hack into sth (v)
hijack (v) hi-tech (adi) inherit Sth from Sb (v)
input (n) jailbreak a device key sth in (v)
laser (n) log on/off (v) malicious (adí) malware (n) medical advance
microprocessor (n) mumble (v)
network (n) on-screen (adi) patent (v) piracy
(n) pirate (n. v) plead (not) guilty poacher (n) post a comment procedure (n)
production line (n) rampant (adi) reach a verdict (v) Stan (v)
Server
(n) Shoplift (v) sign          (v) sterile (adi) stream sth (v) swipe (v) tap
(v) test tube touchscreen (adD update (v)
Phonetics
r karts I,'
Aan'v.kt
/,srsttk
/,       set/
j3: •praJfaJl' a •potswa:d,•'
/,gao 'd.33•rald101
/.oao •streu (.not
bretk
/ ' hæka(ry
fram
Inpot/
xyva:ns•'
".pli:d
         'gdti'
a • koment/
,'prSdxkJn
lam'
/.ri:tJ a
fJopltft,'
'swa
'"test tjuY
upload (v) Get Ready for your Exam 5

activate

/'ækt.vcJt/

appealing
  (adD

ja'pi:hol

domestic appliance

Ida.
  mestlk

surveillance (n)

/sa•vellans:

(adi)

/.nn•tAtJt,'

vast
  (adi)

/va:st/

voice
  command

kamatndl

bum
  calories

f.b3:n
  'kalariz/

butter
  S) up (phrv) chewy (adj)
Com
  moditv (n)

f.
  b.' t a(r) Sxmbadi

couch
  potato informal

r
  kaotl

creamy (adiJ crispy (adi)
  trumbty (adD crunchy (ado cuisine (n)

Ari:
  mil

daity
  intake Of calories

/.de•li

'kælariï____

expel (v) extract (n)

/rk
  spell

fair trade fibre (n) flavouring (n)

/,fea
  treld

fruity
  (adi)

/'fm:tV

funky
  (adi)

/'fA0ki'

GM
  e enetically•modified) /.dzi: em (dsa.netlkli

•
  fu:d'

greasy
  (a di)

/
  •gri:si"

have a lot on your plate
  inform in a nutshell

/hæv
  3                 'plen/

in
  Sb•s humble opinion

/rn
  snmb•diz ,hsmbl

juicy
  (adi)

/'d3u:si,'

level off at sth loathe (v)

/.levl
  'of at

IOW•carb
  diet

ka:b 'da.at"

mild (adi) mouth-watering
  (adi) minimalist

"mall"'

off the beaten track out
  of this world (adi) peppery (adD

/.Of
  ða biztn •træk/

pie
  in the sky informal

'skaJj

refuel (v)

•fju:al,'

Unit 6 A matter of
taste baked beans   •bi:nzJ be full of beans          Ibi            av be out
to lunch informal Ibi              tu 'IAntl/ be paid peanuts informal  'pi:nAtO
beverage (n) bitter (adi) bland (adí)

replenish (v)

n pie n 'Jl

citizen journalism

rich (food)

/rrt J

clichéd (adi)

ripe (adi)
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column On newspaper)

/'kolam (I n

(ado

comic actor

saffron (n)

commonplace (adn

Pkomanple•s'

sedentary lifestyle

"sedantri

complex (adj)

,ßkompleks,'

sharpen (v)

Constituent (n)

smoky (adiJ
  sour (adiJ spill the beans informal staggering (adi)

/ aoki/

turb (v)
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spond ant/

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exhilarating (adi)
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tasteless (adi)

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bal

tasty (a dil tend

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fend o" (phrv) flourish (v)

tentative (adi)

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forbid (v)

to die for
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forge (v) front-page (adn gripping (adi

.f3:d3,•

use-by date (n)

V' ju:zba• den/

heroine (n)

vigorous (adi)

Story

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wholemeal

/                'bred'

instant
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Get Ready for your Exam 6
animalistic (adi)       l.æmma'ltstlk/ bolster (v)
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eating disorder

news blog (n)

J •njuw

fatty (adi)                     rfæti,'

news Rash (n)

/ 'nju:z fief,'

malnutrition (n)

online edition (n)

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outweigh (v)

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pledge to do sth (v)

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take 5th to extremes         f.te.k
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tu

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           t                    st/
tu

unit 7
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rolling news channel romantic lead satellite phone
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(n)

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spark 5th off (phrv)

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'of/

(v)
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supporting
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thought-provoking (adi)
(adi)

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pres'

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Get Ready for your Exam 7
bloodthirsty (adi) dazzled (adi)

fame-hungry (adi) futuristic (adn mime Show
(n) cn.ttying (adi) ratings (n) recital (n) stand-up comedy Unit 8 Our planet
advocate (n) all things considered asteroid (n) be Imperative biodegrade (v)
biofuel (n) bring criminal charges burn up (v) bypass (n) carbon emissions
cart"'n footprint Chain reaction climate change CO, emissions coal mine
collide (with Sth) (v) Conserve (energy, etc.) constellation (n) Contend with
5th (v) debris (n) defunct (adj) dispose of sth (v) eco-protest (n) electricity
pylon (n) endangered species exhaust fumes extinction (n) fossil fuel galaxy
(n) generate (electricity) (v) global Naming green (caring about the planet)
(adj) greenhouse gas hazardous (adi) hydroelectric power
in captivity insulate (v) in the final
analysis leftover (n) meteorite (n) methane pollution narwal resources
nature/wildlife reserve oil rig power Station (n) proponent (n)
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renewable energy satnav
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that
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to
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vertical
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wind farm
Wind
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nd
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be
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Ibi
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fondness
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r fondnas:

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s Amb*di;

chief executive cleaning
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clumsy
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r klArnzif

comparable (adi) compatible (adj) Credible (adi)
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r kompa•rabU

curable (adi) cynical (adj) deceitful (adi)

t•kj

dependable (adi) desert
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Id
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determined (adí) (adi) disorderly (adi) eager
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'd
  lit 3 : mind'

hospitable
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'hos'pItabL'

hurtful Cadil hypothetical
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/'ha:tfV

affection (n)

phonetics

indestructible (adn justly
  [adv)

maternity hospital
meadow mischievous (adj)
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hosp'tV

portal (n) pretentious (adj) pushy (adi) reckless (adi)

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regretful (ado

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retrievable (adi) ruthless (adi) self-centred (adi)

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settle a claim

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shortsighted
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spiteful (ado squeaky (adi) thoughtless (adi) timely
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r
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unmarked police car

pSli:s

unquestionable (adi)

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widespread
  (adi)

red/

with a view to doing 5th
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s
  ,unfuo/

(adj)
Get Ready for your
Exam 9 be comprised of sth 'bi kam•pratzd av
'"blu:pa'rb'
(of 5th)

dwelling (n)

rd•aehn,•

emphatic (adi)

hm'fætlk/

emulate (v)

re m julettJ

endurance events

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fatigue (n)
I
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fully primed (adi)

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gain an edge

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give it everything inform al

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go berserk goggles

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golf
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r golf

go
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tu
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it'S
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hoop
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'hu:p'

i m
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konJasl

leisure centre ligament
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Cent

nasal
  strip

strip/

nutrient
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/ snju:triantV

pad (n) parameter (n)
performance-enhancing
pitch (n)
prestigious (adj) 'pre t puck (n)
reigning champion 't Jæmpian\
retractable roof short-sightedness (n)

end credits cut outtake (n) unit 10 Game on!
adrenaline rush aerobic capacity airflow (n) *eviate W) amber (adj) Zhletics
track basketball court
(n)
netk and neck Sleigh (n) ring (n) t*Shew
n ut (n) &culation (n)
Of
action
t,cnd
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Paul
t e 1k/
ka•pæsati/
ISIi:vieIt/
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træk,' ko:t,'
/'bear•oz/
kæTu:
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'd' k 't c It *ftp/

shuttlecock (n) Skating rink sprain (n. v) sprint (v)
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f'JA t IkDW

tennis
  court

rtems
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tissue (in treadmill (n) unassailable (adD

(n)

On j': •bodiÿ

nard
  Off (phr v)

•off

wetsuit
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/'wetsu:t/

zinc (n. adi)

Get Ready for your Exam 10

foremost
aim hazardous (a di) Fæaling power (n)

inner
  peace

•pi:s'

reach
  its peak

/.ri:tJ Its •pi:W

self-discipline
  (n)

i. self • d •sap-I Int

tranquillity (n)

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[1] | Get Ready for your Exam 4

английский язык

group: Дисциплины

доп. образование взрослых

group: Другое

title: АНГЛИЙСКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ С1-С2