extracted_text:
TEST IT
FIX IT
INTERMEDIATE
English
Grammar
Kenna Bourke
OXFORD

OXFORD
                                                                                Street.
Oxford ox2How to use Test it, Fix it                                                                                4
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University Press in the UK and in certain other countriesPossessive adjectives
and pronouns 18 Noun + noun                                                                                22
or the author
have been asserted right Oxtard University Pdœ*s (maker)
                                                                                Reflexive
and emphatic pronouns                                                                                26
                                                                                Adjectives
and adverbs                                                                                30
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part of this publication mav be reproduced.Prepositions of place                                                                              34
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patterns (2)                                                                                54
0 19                X
in ChinaVerb patterns (3)            58 Contrast and connection       62
                                                                                Purpose    66
Result and reason   70 Embedded
questions and replies 74 Either     or, neither .... nor, etc. 78 As and like        82
Common structures with adjectives,
nouns and verbs 86

How to use Test it, Fix it
Test it, Fix it is a series of books designed to
help you identify any problems you may have in English, and to fix the
problems. Each Test it, Fix it book has twenty tests which concentrate on
mistakes commonly made by learners.
Test it, Fix it has an unusual format. You start at
the first page of each unit, then go to the third page. then to the second
page. Here's how it works:
          ill                                                     it
(First page)
First do Test it, exercise I.

Then do Test it, exercise 2,
Go to the Fix it page and check your answers before you
do Test it again.
Fix it (Third page)
itÁ
Teat it         F•iy it O Check
your answers. You can fold the page to make it easier to check.
Sri
[ milliM _n million Wrong answer?
Look for the
Fix it note letter you need.
'i
To understand why you made Test it A a mistake, read
the Fix it note. If you need more information, read the Review page as well.
How to use
Test it, Fix it
(Second page)

Test it again

Do
  Test it again,
Do
  Test it again,
                       Go to the Fix it

answers.

exercise 1.
exercise 2.
page and check your

Review (Fourth page)

Now
  go back to the second page and do Test it again.

You can read this page at any time. It gives you
extended Fix it notes and example sentences. It's designed to give you a
summary of the grammar you need for the whole test.
Articles (1)
Test it
Find and correct the mistakes.
a We need couple Of things from the
shop. b Lauren is farmer.
Do you drink a coffee?
d Once upon a time
there was a prince. Prince was good and kind.
What
beautiful baby!
Choose the best option.
(1 )
                                                     Test
it             e
O Correct ten mistakes in the internet chat.

f Would you like apple? Zak245
I met the famous person yesterday l b Foxtrot What lucky guy you
are! Who was it?

20

c Zak245 She's Hollywood actress. And
guess what? She earns million dollars for each film!
We live in old house d Foxtrot No way! What's her
name? near the beach.can't tell you. She fives in apartment in Los Angeles. e Zak245
f Foxtrot If she's single, do you think she'd marry me? I need a money. g Zak245
Very funny! Anyway, she gave me the good piece of advice.
h
That isn't spider! h Foxtrot          Didn't she give you the
job?
Zak245        No, of course not. She toid me secret about a
showbus itness. j               Foxtrot  Well, what did she say?

i
Win million pounds!

Send

j
Nick has daughter Write a or an where necessary.
and two sons.
a       The car needs petrol.
b      Could
you pass me pen, please?
c
The car costs thousand pounds more than I've got. d What stupid
thing to say!

e a Dad gave me hundred/a hundred/the
hundred pounds, f b What a lovely/lovely/an lovely day it is today!           g
c I met the/an/a interesting man on the train to London. h d Take a/—/an
umbrella with you.
e 'What is it?'
'l think it's a teapot/teapot/the teapot.'  j f This statue is made of the
gold/a goldfgold. g My dad is a vet/the vet/vet.
h She told me she had the/a/an aunt in Wales„ Please buy a
dozen/dozen/an dozen eggs. j    Jules wants dog/a dog/a dogs,
20
My uncle loves sailing. He's got yacht.
They're going to build university near the industrial area.
'What's that?' 'It's thing for unscrewing the lids of jars.' Belinda has got
daughter and four sons.
Why don't we share apple? He says he's politican.

(1 )
O Review
Articles (1)

You use the indefinite articles a or an with singular countable nouns. I
live in a house.     Do you want an orange?

You use a and an with certain numbers.
                                                                                f
bought a couple of good books.                                                                                We
need a dozen eggs.
Jim found a
hundred euros. The motorbike costs a thousand pounds. Go on — win a million!

You use a or an before a noun or before an adjective +
noun when you want to describe something or to say what someone's job is. A
vixen is a female fox.  Nick is an engineer.
       You
use a or an when you mention something for the first time. You use the when you
mention the same thing for the second time.
A man walked into a bank. The man was carrying a
bag. The bag was long and thin.

You use a or an in exclamations that start with What What a
beautiful dress! What an amazing story!

You use a, not an, before a consonant sound. You use an, not a, before a
vowel sound.
                                                                                Look!
That's a lion. We live in an old house.

You don't use a or an with plural nouns or with uncountable nouns.
I've got dogs. NOT eve-gota-dogs-:
DO we need sugar? NOT

Articles (2)
Test it e
O Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
a John, could you feed a cat, please? b John, could
you feed the cat, please?
c I really love the Mediterranean. d I
really love Mediterranean.
e
Oonagh and I have same sense of humour.
f
Oonagh and I have the same sense of humourg Shall we go by car or by
train?
h Shall we go by the car or by the train?
Have you seen the Lake Geneva? j          Have
you seen Lake Geneva?
Choose the best option, A or B.
         a Don't look at                   It's
bad for your eyes.
A sun B the sun b What would you like for     tonight?
A the supper B supper c They sent
him to for ten years.
A prison B the prison d Are you
vegetarian or do you eat
A meat B the meat e              Malcolm Smith was a
wonderful teacher.
A The professor B Professor
     f  He always goes to
work
A on foot B on the foot g Do we
need to buy .
A the salt B salt h Sally's dream
is to cross by camel.
A the Sahara B Sahara i Paddy was
born on 4 October.
A Tuesday B the Tuesday j Have you
seen
A Tower of London B the Tower of London

20

(2)
                     Test it
O Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences.
a
Your briefcase is in kitchen, darling. Don't forget to take laptop.
b
When did Pope last visit France? Was it at the Christmas?
c
Freddy's at school. He'll be home later. He travels by the bus.
d
I'm so thirsty! I need water. But it has to be mineral water.
e
Do you celebrate Christmas? I love giving and receiving presents.
f
He doesn't believe that men have landed on moon. The surface of the
planet is like Sahara Desert.
g
Jeff wants to climjb Mount Everest. Then he wants to sail across
Atlantic
Ocean.
h
They're coming by train this time. They're spending Easter with us.
                                       Have
you had breakfast already? The others are still in bed.
                                    j  The
bank is on left, just past the post office but before you get to town hall.
Find and correct ten mistakes in these children's
sentences.
 .1 loJe becaUSe f The  Of year Ys Q beaU+54U1 R(ace.Chr;.s+rvns.
                                     b
Stro+forJ      on          Avon.              g
Sh[Ntespeare
 V e' re tw;nS. Ve    weAr  'JotheS.
i      I i/Me Hrs dShe's o, n,ce *eacher.
otou-ge-ÅectSer
j
saJ because DJJys
the hosp/+thl.
                                                    e
I hote •khe                      I never ea+
15

Articles (2)
Review
Articles (2)

You use the definite article the when it's obvious which person or thing
you're talking about.
The rabbit's in the garden. (It's our rabbit and our
garden.)
Your glasses are on the table. (You know which table I
mean.)

You use the when the thing you're talking about is unique: there's only
one.
                                                                                Don't
stare at the sun.      Have YOU ever seen the Queen?

You use the before some common expressions.
                                                                                You
and I both like the same things.                                                                                The
office is on the right
We love going to the theatre,

You use the with the names of places that are plural. You also use the
with the names of deserts. seas, rivers, oceans, and with the names of most
buildings.

N '

2

Wrong answer?
to
  find out why.
are:

yourself
  againe it again
in the kitchen
  take the laptop did the Pope at Ch ristmas by bus

on the moon like
  the Sahara Desert across the
Atlantic Ocean

O Fix it
  notes

Use the when
  it's obvious which person or thing you're talking about.
Use the when
  the thing you're talking about is unique: there's only one.
c
Use the berore
  some common expressions, e.g. the same, the left.
Use the with
  the names of places that are plural and with the names of deserts, seast
  rivers, oceans and most buildings.
Don't use an
  article with meals, days, monthsr holidays, special days or festivals; or to
  talk about a person, a language or most places, including countries,
  mountains or lakes.
Don't use an article with some common expressions relating
  to places, e.g. to prison, at school, in bed, etc.
Don't use an article
  with methods of transport, e.g. by car, on foot, etc.
Don't
  use an article when you're talking about things in a general way.

on the left get
  to the town hall
the world on the river Avon

the same clothes by double-decker bus fish
Christmas in
  the garden at work Mrs Simmons

For
  more information, see the Review page opposite.

Have you ever been to the
Netherlands? I spent some time in the Gobi Desert Rome is on the Tiber. The
ship sailed across the Pacific Oceans The Empire State Building is magnificent.

You don't use an article with meals, days, months, holidays or
festivals.
Let's have dinner together,  My new job starts on
Monday. What are you doing at Easter?

You don ft use an article to talk about a person, a language
or most places, including the name of a country, a mountain or a lake. Dr
Sherringham is looking after me.
Maria's coming over
I like Italian
— it's a lovely language.            The children grew up in France, Mont Blanc
is a beautiful mountain.            Have you been to take Como?
 You don't use an
article with some common expressions, e.g. in bed, in hospital, in prison; at
home, at school, at work or with methods of transport,
e.g. on foot, by bike, by train.
Jack's in prison again. NOT Oaek9in4he-prisen-agaiR7
Why is she jn bed? be at home if you need me.
                                                                                She
prefers to travel by train. not far- let's go by bike.
You don't use an article when you're talking about things
in a general way.
I love seafood. (seafood in
gonoral; all seafood) oesn't    sort 01 moot;     vegetarian)

Ouantifiers
Test it

a Patricia hasn't made           new
friends yet.
A
any B some a Let's take two. of champagne to the party. b We can give you money
if you need it.
b
          A a few B a little                                                                                Oh
yuck! I thought that was aof toothpaste, but it's
c She wants            material
to make a skirt.                                                                                shaving
foam!
     A a     B
a
metre of  c Would you like aof coffee? d Do you own      house or do you rent?
       A
any B a                                                                                d
Bill gave me an interestingof information today.
e

There are    people still dancing.     e Go on, have anotherof cake. Forget the
diet. B many  f Could you buy me twoof orange juice, please?
A
a few
f

There isn't .time before the
show starts.
A
much    B a little           g No wonder you've got
toothache. You eat threeof
g
Tom's got    children to look after this weekend.      chocolate
a day.
A
many B a lot of h Everyone should drink two. of water
every day. h The house really needs more pictures.
How much does aof
this material cost?
A a few B a
little i Could I have sugar in my coffee, please? j Do you want aof Coke?

O Find and correct the mistakes.
a
When we were in the forest, we saw many owls. In fact I've never
seen so many in one place before.
b
I really don't want some information at all about interest rates.
c
Can you give Oscar a little biscuits? Just one or two.
d
I know you love this cheese. Would you like any more?
e
There aren't a few sunny days at this time of the year, so let's
go to the beach today.
f
How much times have told you not to do that?
g
Hurry up! We haven't got many time left. It starts in five
minutes! h You've got many books, haven't you?
i
There isn't some butter, so please buy some.
j
Harry found some bone in the garden. It was horrible.
Complete the sentences. Use one word in each space.
bars bottles  can       cartons cup litres          metre   piece    slice     tube

A a few B a little j Let me give
you advice.

20

Quantifiers
Quantifiers
A, some and any

You use the indefinite articles a or an with singular countable nouns. She'd
like a job.           Please have an orange.

You use some in positive sentences with plural countable nouns and
uncountable nouns. You also use some in offers when you expect the answer to be
'Yes*.
                                                                                He
has some great ideas.                                                                                There's
some good weather coming soon.
                                                                                Do
you want some more potatoes?                                                                                Would
you like some more meat?
 You use any in
negative sentences and in most questions with plural countable nouns and
uncountable nouns.
                                                                                There
aren't any newspapers left in the shop.                                                                                Is
there any water?
A few, a little and a lot
of

Now go to page 15,
  Test
Answers to Test

Fix it notes
Use a or an with singular countable nouns.

Use some in
  positive sentences with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Also
  use some in offers when you expect the answer to be 'Yes'.
c
Use any in
  negative sentences and in most questions with plural countable nouns and
  uncountable nouns.
D
Use a few in positive sentences with plural countable nouns.
Use a little
  in positive sentences with uncountable nouns. Use not much in negative sentences
  with uncountable nouns.
Use a lot of(not many) in positive sentences with plural
  countable nouns.
Use a kilo, a
  /itre, a metre, etc. to talk about the quantity of uncountable nouns which
  you can measure. Use a

bottler a tin, a box, a
  piece, a slice, etc. to talk about the quantity of other uncountable nouns.

For more
  information, see the Review page opposite.

You use a few in positive sentences with plural countable
nouns. You use not many, or how many in negative sentences and questions with
plural countable nouns,
You can have a few more minutes to decide.
                                                                                There
aren't many people here.                                                                                How
many times have you met him?

You use a little in positive sentences with uncountable nouns and not
much or how much in negative sentences and
questions with uncountable nouns.
He's saved a little money. We haven't got much
time. How much information do you need?

You use (not) a lot of in positive and negative sentences and in
questions with plural countable nouns and with uncountable nouns. There's a lot
of work to do. Pat hasn't got a lot of friends. Is there a Jot of chicken left?
Measuring uncountable nouns
• You can make uncountable nouns countable in several
ways.
I You can use expressions like a kilo of, a litre Of, a
metre of, etc.
                                                                                A
kilo of carrots, please.                                                                                Add
half a litre of milk.
2 You can describe the container
that the noun is in, e.g. a bag of, a can of, etc.
                                                                                We
need a             of flour;                                                                                /"ll
have a can of Coke.

Possessive adjectives and pronouns
Test
it
Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
a This is garden my. b This is my garden.
c Adam's broken the arm. d Adam's broken his arm.
e That money is to her! That
money is hers!
g The cat has hurt its tail. h The cat has hurt it's
tail.
That car is ours.
      j      Ours is that car.
O Complete the sentences. Use a possessive adjective or
pronoun.
a
Hey! You can't
take that it's . I bought it yesterday.
b
Mike, this is Peter and this is      girlfriend, Liz.
c
Richard, are these keys   ? They don't belong to me.
d
Give that doll back to Jenny. It's
Possessive
adjectives and pronouns
Choose the best option.
a Lucy closed her/the eyes and fell asleep. b Tony is a
good friend of me/mine.
c No, that's not dames and Kate's car. Their/Theirs
is red. d Here's our/ours report. I hope you like it. e Look — that lorry's
lost it's/it$ back wheel.
f Danny, please take your hands out of the/your
pockets. g You shouldn't take that. It's not yours/to you. h I'm sorry but I
left mine/myhomework on the bus. i Does this tractor belong to him/his? j Ouch!
I've cut my/the finger!
k Every time Sue and James come
they leave their/theirs toothbrushes behind.
 I'm sure that isn't
to him/his — it looks just like the one I bought. m lt$/lt'$ a long time since
we last met.
n This horse can't jump very high because its/the legs are
too short.
Choose the correct caption
for the cartoon.

e
Darling, what are we going to do?   house is too small for us.
f
Now that the dog has found ball, it's happy again.
g       Nor don't worry. I'll deal with it.
After all, it's       problem.
h
Jo, don't blame me! The decision was
     They swapped         car
for a newer model and they love it.
j   Anna's spilt coffee
on         shirt.
I've warned you before. It my bone is, not
your, not his, MY!
I've warned you before. Its mine bone, not yours,
not to him, MINE! I've warned you before. It's my bone, not yours, not his,
MINE!

15

15
Possessive
adjectives and pronouns

Possessive adjectives and pronouns
•
You use a possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, its, our,
their) to say that something belongs to somebody or to talk about relationships
between people.
                                                                                These
are my DVDs.                                                                                Where
are your brothers?
The goldfish just swims round its bowl all day long.
•
You use a possessive pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
theirs) to replace a possessive adjective and a noun.
                                                                                These
are m y DVDS.                                                                                NOT
(Mine' replaces 'DVDs' and the possessive adjective.)
That was his idea, not your idea. It was his, not yours.

  /   Fix it
Answers to Test
Check your answers.

Read
  the right Fix it
J
  The correct sentences
2 a mine b
  his/my c yours d hers e Our f its
h yours i their j her
Now
  go to page 19.
Answers to Test
I a her b mine c Theirs d our e its f your g yours h my i him j my k
  their
I his m It's n its
2) l ive warned you bone
  -- not yours,

it
Wrong answer?
note to find out why.
are:
Test
  yourself again.
it again
before. It's my not his, MINE!

Fix it notes
Use a
  possessive adjective, e.g. his, our, etc. to say who owns something or to
  talk about relationships between people.
Use a possessive pronoun, e.g. hers, mine, etc. to replace
  a possessive adjective and a noun.
c
Always
  put the noun after (not before) the possessive adjective.
D
Always put the
  noun before (not after) the possessive pronoun.
Don't confuse
  the possessive adjective its with the contracted form it's (it is).
F
Use a possessive
  adjective (not the) to talk about clothes and parts of the body.
For more information, see the Review page opposite.

•
You always put the noun after (not before) the possessive
adjective,

You always put the noun before (not after) the possessive
pronoun.
                                                                                Th
is            yo   it? NOT
                                                                                Th
e h ouse is o n                                                                                NOT

Try not to confuse the possessive adjective its with the contracted form
it's, which means 'it is'.
The fox takes good
care of its cubs. NOT
The computer's great. / love its keyboard.
Note: Many native speakers of English make this mistake.
You may see it on signs„on the internet and in some publications.

You use a possessive adjective to talk about clothes and parts of the
body.
Don't use the.
Pull your socks up.
NOT Full-thesocks-up7
 NOT
David's broken his leg. NOT

Noun + noun
Test it e

a Henry bought that book in a
A books shop B bookshop   C book's shop
  b We watched a great
A Japan film B Japan's film C film about
  Japan c That's   parked over there,
A my teacher's car B my teacher car C the car of my teacher d I had to
  climb to to reach the cat.
A the ladder's top B the top of the ladder C the ladder top
  e Freddy watched the
A match of football B football's match         C
  football match f Louise heard    coming from the playroom.
A sounds of laughter B laughter's
  sounds C laughter sounds g It's a     flight to Seoul.

a       soup
  made of vegetables?
b
  a shop where you buy stamps and post letters? c a boy who is
  ten years old?
d a journey
  that is two hundred kilometres? e a brush that you brush your hair with?
f          a card that you send someone for a birthday? g food
  for cats?
h a
  book that has 24 pages?
    juice that is made from oranges?
   an exercise on grammar?

O Choose the best option: A, B or C.

Noun + noun
e
What do you call ..

A twelve-hour B twelve hours' C twelve
hours h The Grand National is a famous It takes place once a year.

Television's presenters needed. Apply to Box 773.

Find and correct the
mistake in each advert.

a
    A racehorse      B
horse race C horses' race
Do you like
A soup of tomato B tomatoes soup C tomato soup I
prefer dark chocolate because is too sweet.

The diet of Camilla revolutionarv.
Lose weight now!

A milk's chocolate B chocol
ate milk C milk chocolate b
True or false?

a

The idea that Patrick had is .

Patrick's idea.

b

The sink in the kitchen is .

the kitchen's sink.

                                                                                True   False

Centre of leisure; membership available.

Just opened new pet's shop.

h
c A book about cookery is a cookbook. d A horse that you
ride in races is a horse race. e The nose that belongs to the dog is . the dog
nose.

Goldfish'S bowl free.
Mail me at jj@goldfish.net

Computer's
  software at a discount.
Hurry while
  stocks last.

f A card that shows your identity is an identity card. 121
g A thing you open a door with is a door handle. d h A book about maths is a
maths book. A book about stars is ... a stars book.
     A shop that sells
shoes is .                    a shoes shop.
ej

20

20

t Fix
it
Answers to Test it                    O
Fix it notes
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right
Fix it note to find out why.

Use noun +
  noun to talk about things that very often go together, e.g.
bookshop,
  football match/ twelve-hour flight.

2 a True

Use a noun + preposition structure for

b False, the kitchen sink

things that don't go together very often,

c True

e.g. a fí/m about Japan, the top of the

d False, a racehorse e False, the dog's nose

ladder, sounds of laughter.

f True

c

g True

Use the possessive forms 's or s' to say

h True

that something belongs to someone.

i False, a book about stars j False, a shoe
shop         D
The meaning changes if you reverse the word order.
Now go to page 23. Test yourself
again,
Answers to Test it again
For more information, see the
I a vegetable soup Review page
opposite. b a post office c a ten-year-old boy d a two hundred-kilometre
journey e a hairbrush f a birthday card g cat food h a 24-page
book i orange juice j a grammar exercise
2 a eorn!s-flakes
cornflakes b The-diet-of-Camille Camilla's diet c pee's-shop pet shop
Computer
Noun 4 noun
Noun + noun

You use noun + noun to talk about things that very often go together,
e.g. bookshop, horse race, toothpaste, two-goal
defeat. Sometimes you write these as one word, sometimes as two or more words.
If you're not sure, check in a dictionary. Often the first noun behaves like
the object of a verb or preposition. Let's go to the bookshop. (The shop that
sells books.)
It was a great horse race. (A race between horses.)
We need some more toothpaste. (The paste you use to clean
your teeth.)

You use a structure with a noun and a preposition (e.g. for, from,
about, of, etc.) to talk about things that don't go together so often, e.g. a
book about animals, a fjJrn about China, the top of a hill.
Tom fell off the top of the ladder.
NOT *he-ladders-tep N OT
    / saw a film about
dolphins.        N OT
NOT a-dolphin-filny

You use the possessive forms 's or s e to say that something
belongs to someone. Often the first noun behaves like a subject. Don't pull the
cat's tail! (The cat has a tail.) NOT *he-eat-fail
   That's Dad's pen.
(Dad has a pen.)

With some noun + noun combinations, the meaning changes if you change
the order of the two nouns.
I need a phone card (A card to make calls on a phone.)
This is a card phone. (You can only use cards in this
phone, not coins.)
It's a horse race. (A race between horses.)
It's a racehorse. (A horse that takes part in races.)
 Note that the form of
one of the nouns may sometimes change. a car race (A race between cars.) a racing
car (A car that takes part in races.)
You need to check in a dictionary if you're not sure
because you can't, for example, talk about

Goldfish
book ten-kilometre Television
Reflexive and
emphatic pronouns

O Solve the clues to complete the crossword.
Across
1
John has boughta new house.
5       Why don't we repair the car
6       The
Queen the show.
8
His parents ast
year.
9
The kids behaved very well.

Reflexive
  and emphatic pronouns

other/
friends, but like,
while
 for gov?
myself.

20

Test it
Choose
  the best option.
a
  We lost ourselves/got lost in the forest and couldn't find a way out.
b
  The two men had an argument and then they started to hit each
  themselves.
c
  Let's meet/meet ourselves after work for a drink. d I cut me/myself
  when I was chopping vegetables. e I got myself up/got up early this morning.
f You stole it! You should be ashamed of/ashamed of
  yourseff, g Haven't you got any money on you/yourself?
h      Eliza's
  only two and she can already dress herself/her.
i
  We saved a lot of money by painting the house/by painting the
  'house ourselves,
J I'mj glad
  Paula and John are getting They love themselves/ each other very much.
Find
  the incorrect sentences.
Rachel
  was standing   f          Bettg and her bogfrjend next to me.          decided
  to get engaged.

b After
  work, I like to When the thief started relax myselfat home. to run away, the
  police officer shot himself.
            c.            It must
  be true.
She told
  me her. h Once they were now each other don't
d I'm not worried about Jane going
  alone. She can look after. i Jamie burnt himself he was cooking.
The Olympic champion himself will be swimming j Who did gour homework
  in the 200 metres. did it
no one. I

10
The heating turns at night.
Down
2
I enjoyed
3
Look at filthy!
4
We see each day.
7 Ask you feel lucky?
Complete the sentences. Use reflexive pronouns or each
other.
a The two generals were enemies. They hated b
"Did Ella have any help with the painting?' J No, she did it c I
made a terrible mistake. I was very angry wjth d The girls were very
vain. They looked at  in the mirror all the time.
e One rider fell off his horse and injured

15

t Fix it
Answers to Test it                         Fix it notes
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right Fix it note to find out why.
Use a reflexive pronoun if the
subject I a got lost object of the verb are the same. and b each other c meet d
myself
Use reflexive pronouns for emphasis: e got up that person,
nobody else. Or when f ashamed of yourself someone does something
without help. g you h herself  c i by painting the        that are reflexive in
some Verbs house ourselves      not be reflexive in
languages may j each other
English.
2 a correct b tela-*-myself relax herself           Use
reflexive pronouns with some d leek-after- look after         verbs +
prepositions, e.g. look at, or herself  phrasal verbs, e.g. look after, and
after e correct adjective + preposition, e.g. ashamed of, f correct g himse#        him
h eaeh-ethee they don't like Don't use reflexive pronouns after don-it-kke       each
other        prepositions of place or position, i correct         e.g.
on, next to.
j correct
Now go to page 27. Test yourself
again. Use get + past participle to make certain verbs reflexive, e.g. get
lost,
Answers
to Test it again                          get engaged, get divorced.
Use each other (not ourselves or themselves) when two or
more people do the same thing. Don't use each other as the subject of a verb.
For more information, see the Review page opposite.
Reflexive and
emphatic pronouns
Reflexive
and emphatic pronouns
Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself,
etc.
 You use a reflexive
pronoun, e.g. myself* not a personal pronoun, e.g. me, when the subject and
object of a verb are the same person or thing. I hurt myself in the
accident. NOT

You can use reflexive pronouns to emphasize that someone or something
can or can't do something without any help.
Jo found herself
a new boyfriend.
He's broken his wrist, so he can't
wash himself.

You can also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize someone's importance. The
Prime Minister himself was there.

You can use reflexive pronouns with some verbs + prepositions, e.g.
believe in, look at, with some phrasal verbs, e.g. look after, take care of,
and with adjective + preposition, e.g. ashamed of. Don't use them after
prepositions or expressions of place,
        You must believe in yourself.            Look
at yourself, You're covered in mud!
My grandfather's
ill because he doesn't take care of himself.
   NOT             caredfrim;
I'm ashamed of
myself for crying when I hurt my finger,
There was a huge man in front of me. NOT

Be careful! Some verbs are reflexive in some languages but not in
English, e.g. complain, concentrate, get up, go to bed, remember, rest, wonder.
I complained about the delay. NOT 4-eem-pfaiÐed
myseH-abÐtÆ-the-de4a-Y7
Get + past participle

Each other
• You use each other when two or more people do the same
thing,
We send each other birthday cards. (l send you a card and
you send me a card.) Note that We send ourselves birthday cards means 'l send
myself a card and you send yourself a card.'

Adjectives
and adverbs

O Choose the best option, A or B.
a I saw  in the restaurant.
A an actor very famous B a very
famous actor b Jerry's voice sounded on the phone.
A strange B strangely c You have to
A water often these plants B water
these plants often d New employees learn in this job.
A fast B fastiy e It isbelieved
that Johnson is a criminal,
A wide B widely f The fire
destroyed the building.
A completely B very completely g Our
neighbour waved when he saw me.
A friendly B in a
friendly way h We drove because there was ice on the road.
A slow B slowly
                                                                                The
government's economic policy is                                                                                for
the country.
A disastrous B very disastrous j
Open
A very carefully the packet B the packet very carefully
Find and correct the mistake in each advert.
d As a child, I often went to the
park, but I haven't been there (late).
    Simon speaks German
very                                 (good).
Adjectives
and adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs
You put adjectives before (not
after) nouns or pronouns. a   song. NOT
You can't make adjectives plural in English.
                                                                                He
                         NOT
You put adjectives (not adverbs) after (not before)
these verbs: appear, be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound, taste. The
flowers smell fresh. NOT *he-flowers-fresh-smell;
That food tasted horrible. NOT *hat-feed-tasted-horribly,
You make most adverbs by adding "y to the adjective,
but some are irregular,
e.g. good/well. You can often put adverbs at the end of a
sentence, but not between a verb and its object. Henry s           e p        NOT

Fix it notes
Put adjectives before (not after) nouns or pronouns. Don't
  make adjectives plural.
Put adjectives (not adverbs)
  after these verbs: appear, bes become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound,
  taste.
c
Don't put
  adverbs between the verb and the object. Usually put them at the end of the
  sentence.
To form most
  adverbs, add /yto the adjective. Some adjectives and adverbs are irregular,
  e.g. good/we)/. Others,
e.g. early and hard have the same form for the adjective
  and the adverb.
Don't add /yto
  adjectives that already end in e.g. lively. Use in a way.

Be careful! Some
  irregular adverbs that don't end in ly, e.g. high and late, also have lyforms
  but the meaning changes.
Don Vt
  use very with adjectives or adverbs like excellent or brilliantly which
  already mean 'very good' 'very well', etc.
For more information, see the Review page
  opposite.

                                                                                Lisa
p      the saxophone                                                                                NOT
Early, {ate, fast, hard, daily, weekly and monthly can be
adjectives and adverbs. She loves fast motorbikes. Some people always walk
fast.
You don't add lyto make adverbs from adjectives that
already end in 'y,
e.g. cowardly, friendly. kindly, lively, lonely. For these
words, you use a phrase with way or manner.
They talked to me in friendly way. NOT
Some adverbs have two forms. The meaning changes.
He always gets here late. (not at the right time)
Have you seen her lately? (recently)
I'll have to work hard. (I'll have to do a lot of work.)
/ can hardly see. (It's very difficult to see.)
A bird flew high above. (up in the air)
/ think highly of you. (l admire you.)
The window was wide open. (completely)
It's widely known that he's dishonest. (Lots of people
know this.)
You can use very to make the meaning of many
adjectives and adverbs stronger. However, you can't do this with adjectives and
adverbs that already have strong meanings, e.g. awfu//awful/y,
brilliant/brilliant/y, complete/comp/etely, excellent/excef$ontly,
perteet/porfectly, torrihlo/torrib/y, wonderfuf/wonderful/y, Our holiday was
awful, NOT Our holiday was very awful.

Prepositions of place
Test it
O Choose the best option.
a
We waited atren/Oñ the bus stop.
b
Toby is sitting
at/among/betWeen Ed and Sean. c Is there a bank anywhere near/next to/beside
here? d I slept with just one sheet above/over/between me.
e
Canada is next to/near/over the USA, You can cross the border
from one country to the other.
f
Have you spilt
something in/on/at the carpet? g I found a ring among/betWéenfby the
shells on the beach. h There t s a mobile phone mast
On/Over/betweeti the roof.
The hillstation of Nai Nital is at/in/oñ India.
The garden is belOw/under/underneath the house. You go down
some steps to get to it.
Complete the sentences. Use one word in each space.
in    on        at         among between near   above  over     under   below
a Jane bought a bottle of perfume      the plane from Singapore.
b
The village is 936 metres sea level, so it's cooler than it is on
the coast.
c
I'm sure there's a petrol station here. It can't be far awayd
Support for the president has fallen 50% for the first time since 2001.
e
I enjoy spending the evening .     the cinema with my friends.
f
The cat was stuck           two chimneys. Firemen had to rescue
it.
g
The Sahara Desert is .     North Africa.
h
The baby looks cold. Put another blanket .          him.
        If you cut your
finger, put it        the tap to wash it.
      j He couldn't see
me          the crowds of people.
20
Prepositions
of p ace
Find the incorrect sentences.
a That house is noisy because it's among four main
roads. b If you need to get into the flat, there's a key below the doormat. c
Can you hear me? 1 1 m on the train.
d Wendy sat down near to Jeff and whispered something in
his ear. e My grandfather always carried his coat over his arm. f There are
some more clean towels in the second drawer.
g The criminal had a blanket above his head to hide his
face. h There must be a few good ones among all those hundreds of CDs.
   My sister's
spending part of the summer holidays at China.
  The climber is only
400 metres under the summit of Everest.
k Una loved Jack and Simon. She couldn't choose
between them.          The man had nowhere to go so he
spent the night on his car.
Use a suitable preposition to complete the sentences.
Sometimes there is more than one correct answer.
second floor
first floor ground floor
car park
supermarket
restaurant
a
The supermarket isthe shopping centre.
b
The sports shop is. to the pharmacy. c The restaurant isthe
first floor.
d The sports shop isthe
supermarket. e The pharmacy is .the sports shop and the post office.
f
The supermarket isthe sports shop.
g      The car park isthe restaurant and the supermarket.
h
The post office isthe restaurant.

20

Prepositions
of place
O
Prepositions of place
In, on,
at
•
You use infor three-dimensional spaces like boxes, rooms, cities
and countries. There's some lovely furniture in this room. The station is in
the city centre.
You use on for two-dimensional surfaces like the pages
of a book, screens or tables. You also use on for the position of something on
a line, e.g. a road, and for methods of transport like bikes, buses and planes
(but not cars).
    Rome
is on the river Tiber.     It's on page two.      Jim's on the bus.
•
You use at for one-dimensional points, and for buildings when
you're thinking about what people do inside them.
     Julia
waited for an hour at the bus stop.     I worked hard at school today.
Among, between

Fix it notes
Use in for
  three-dimensional spaces,
e.g.
  drawers. rooms, cities or countries.
Use on for two-dimensional surfaces,
e.g. walls
  and floors, and for methods of transport, e.g. planes and buses (but not
  cars).
c
Use at for
  one-dimensional points or positions and for buildings with people inside
  them.
D
Use between with
  people or things that are separate. Use among with people or things that are
  part of a group.
Use near when you
  mean 'not far away' or 'close' and next to, by or beside when you mean 'side
  by side'.

Use over when
  one thing covers, crosses or touches another thing. Use above when one thing
  is higher than another thing but not directly over it.
Use under if one thing covers, hides or touches another thing. Use
  below if one thing is at a lower level than another but not directly under
  it. Also use below with measurements.

For more information, see the Review page
  opposite.

You use between when
you're talking about two or more people or things that are clearly separate.
You use among when you're talking about a number of people or things that
you don't see separately but as a group.
The
child stood between her parents. They're between France and Spain. Bob was
somewhere among the crowd of 100,000.
Near, next
to, by, beside
• You use near when people or things
are ín the same generat area. You use next to for people or things that
are side by side. You can also use by or beside to mean 'at the side of'.
He lives near the Old theatre. (His house is not far
from the theatre.) The dictionary is next to the atlas. (There are no other
books between them.) They have a beautiful house by the sea. Come and sit
beside me.
Above, over; under, below
Above and over can both mean 'higher than'. You use
above when one thing is higher than another thing but not directly over it. You
use over when one thing covers, crosses or touches another thing. There's a hot
air balloon above/over that house.
Please
don't lean over my shoulder when I'm reading.
Under and below can both mean 'lower than', You use
below when one thing is at a lower level than anotheç but not directly
under it. You also use below to talk about measurements, especially height,
temperature or percentages. You

Prepositions
and expressions of time
Test it

a

I hate
  getting -up on

f

Who do we
  go to the

Monday
  morning!

same place
  on everg dag?

'b

Come and stay with us on July.

g

We
  will now show this programme in 11.30.

c

Please torn
  mobile

Phones off
  during

h

If there are no delays,

performance,

we'll be
  there by six.

I'll be ready in a few minutes.

She
  always wears that hat while the winter.

e

The show always starts in

j

   Ptl:      here until

time, so don't be late-

theothers arrive.

O Find and correct five mistakes in these sentences.
Choose the best option, A or B
Prepositions
and expressions of time

O Choose the best option.

here's a lot for
  visitors ta Madrid to This opens d Qt/in/on do and see at/in/on
  the weekend closed e during/while/by At/fn/On Saturday there's a
  afternoon from 2 to performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni day of the Tour of
  at the National Auditorium, ana in the middle of the day, Retiro Park there's
  an open-air concert will be racing through of South American folk music. That
  wi ill rmaln north-south road go on C auñng/by/untit
  about 2 a-m For don't expect the bases art iovers there's a special
  exhibition of in time/on timel h Goya portraits at the Prado
  Gafiery. were runntng three

9.30$ but will be the time the
5, It's also
the tast
Spa!n f þy/until/during
the ieading cyclists the city. As the will be closed, to run g aftime/
last year. they hours Ilat:el

18

a

I listen to music                                        I'm
  studying. It helps me

a

I'm meeting Danny -       half-past nine.

concentrate.

A on B at

b

If the train
  doesn't arrive  , you get your money back.

        here         I go back for my
  books.
A during    B while

c

I'll meet you  tomorrow
  evening outside the cinema.

c

We'll wait        ten, but then we'll have
  to go.

d

It's
  important that you start

exactly 9.15.

A until B
  by

e

We'll continue looking for the ship's crew

d

He"' be very tired        the exams
  are over. A by B by the time

find them.

e

The carnival is      , the third week of
  April.

f

I asked them again

[ast Wednesday.

A in B at

g

The firm hope to complete the project

less than

f

Were you at the
  concert Saturday? A last B on last

a year.

g

All the shops are busy        New Year's
  Day.
A at B on

h

I'm going to a meeting you then.

Friday, so I can't see

h

We must receive your application         31 May. A by B
  until

Hurry up, or the shop will be shut

. we get there.

i

We'll phone you back -      ten minutes.

j

Belinda's husband didn't get to the hospital  to
  see

A on B in

the baby being born.

j

We only got there
  for the flight because it was delayed. A in time B on time

Complete the sentences. Use a preposition or a time
expression where necessary.

20
Prepositions and expressions of time

Fix it notes
Use at for times of the day and with words like
Christmas, the weekend, etc.
Use on with days of the week and with dates, e.g. Monday
morning, New Year's Day.
c
Use in with months, years, seasons, centuries,
and with the morning, the third week of April, etc.
Don't use a preposition with every day,
last Saturday, etc.
Use during with a noun. Use while with subject + verb.
Use until for 'up to a particular time or event' and by for
'not after a particular time or event'. Use by the time with subject + verb.
Use on time when you mean 'at exactly the right time' and in
time when you mean 'early enough'.
Use in for the length of time something takes, e.g. in a
few minutes.
For more information,
see the Review page opposite.
Prepositions and expressions of time

At, in, on

You use at for clock time, times of the day, e.g. lunchtime, and in the
expression at night You also use atto talk about whole weekends and festivals.
Let's meet at 5.30. Where are you going at the weekend?

You use on with days of the week, dates, particular days during
festivals and with expressions like on Monday morning.
The exam is on Tuesday.     He was born on the fourth of
Ju}y. She goes swimming on Saturday mornings.

You use in with months, years, seasons, centuries and with expressions
like in the first week of May and in the morning.
    MV birthday's in June,     That
film came out in 2002.
    Pop
music began in the twentieth century.     I'd prefer to go in the afternoon.

You use in to talk about how long it takes to do something or to say how
long it will be before something happens
He made his bed in 30 seconds, (It took him 30
seconds to make his bed.) I'll be at your place in ten minutes. (The journey
will take ten minutes.)

You don't use a preposition with expressions like this week, every
night, etc.
    /
see her every day.                o last night, NOT
While, during, until, by
•
You use while with a subject and verb, but during with a noun.
    / met him while I was
on holiday.     I met him during the holidays.
•
You use until to say that something will continue to a particular
time. To say 'not later than' you can use by.
       I'll stay until about 11.30.           You'll
have to finish the job by Friday.
In time, on time, by the time

You use on time to say 'at exactly the right time', but in time to say
'not late',
The 6.30 train left on time. (It left on schedule at
6.30.)
We got to the station in time. {We didn't miss the
train,)

YOU can use by the time     a subject and verb to mean 'not later than a

particular event'.
Direct and
indirect objects
Write sentences.
a
to / my teacher /
showed / it/

b
they / us / the
news / gave

c
get/ a card / him / for / Vicky will

Direct and
  indirect objects

paper?
song.

15

Test it
Choose
  the correct sentence in each pair.
a J gave some
  flowers my mother. b I gave some flowers to my mother.
c The teacher suggested a good
  dictionary to us. d The teacher suggested us a good dictionary.
e John bought a necklace his wife. f John bought his wife a
  necklace.
g Can you explain the word to me? h Can you explain me the
  word?
Give it to Billy. j       Give Billy it.
Find
  the incorrect sentences.
a
  Jake described us his house. f          You owe me itt
b
  Whg don't gou
  lend       g              want to some
                     Kathg the car?                                                      coffee
  make goo.
             Please
  read me a story.                          Can you buy me a
He wants to sag d Show to
  me that photo.
'Hello'
  to got-I.
e       Luke suggested a brilliant     j
  restaurant to us.

d
did / my book/ you / her / lend

e
explained / us / the problem / they / to
3

f
Steve / you / wants / see / to

g
me / Nick / didn't / an email / send

h
have found / we / a hotel / you / for

to / lend / him / it

j didn't J give / the job / Pete / to / they

O Match the two halves of each sentence.

a

Please give it

1

goodbye to us.

b

Let's
    take Tony

2

said to
    him?

c

The dog bit

3

the bill?

d

He said

4

her a happy
    New Year.

e

Harry bought

5

the pyramids to me?

f

Do you know what she

6

to Richard.

g

When will
    Dad teach

7

the
    window cleaner.

: Í

h

Could you send us

8

to the
    beach.

i

He wished

9

me to
    drive?

j

Can you describe

10

Sally some
    chocolates.

"20

Direct and
indirect objects
Direct and indirect objects
It's usually easy to recognize a direct object in a
simple sentence. For example, in the sentence 'Katy teaches Maths', Maths is
the direct object. However, many verbs can have two objects — a direct object
and an indirect object. Very often the indirect object is a person,
and very often it goes before the direct object, like this: J Katy teaches
the children Maths.' In this sentence the children is the indirect object.
You usually put the indirect object before (not after)
the direct object.
Nicholas gave Gillian some flowers.
(Gillian is the indirect object; some flowers is the
direct object.)

t Fix
  it
Answers to Test Check
  your answers.
Read the right
  Fix it note The correct sentences
his house to us. b correct c correct
that photo to me, e correct f                it
  to
make
  you some h correct i correct a song to us.
Now go to page 43. Test
Answers to Test
I L a I showed it to my b They gave us the c Vicky will get a d Did you
  lend her e They explained f Steve wants to g Nick didn't send h We have found
  a i Lend it to him.
j They didn't give c 7

 it
Wrong answer?
to
  find out why.
are:
mel
coffee.
  -+
yourself again it again
teacher. news.
card for him. my book?
the problem to us. see you.
me an email.
hotel
  for you.
the job to Pete.
d l elO

O Fix it
  notes
If the indirect object comes before
  the direct object, don't use to or for. But usually put the indirect object
  before (not after) the direct object.
When the indirect object comes after
  the direct objecte use to or for.
c
When the direct object is a pronoun,
e.g. me, it, them, etc„r put it before (not after) the
  indirect object and use to or for.
D
Put the indirect object after the direct object with the
  verbs describe, explain, say and suggest.
For more information, see the Review page opposite.

If you want to put
the indirect object after the direct object, you use to or for.
Nicholas gave some flowers to
Gillian.
Charlie made a
card for his mother,
You need to learn which verbs take to, and which take
for. Here are the most common ones.
Verb + to: describe, explain, give, lend, say, send, show,
suggest
Verb + for. buy, find, get, make
When the direct object is a pronoun, e.g. me, it,
them, etc., you put it before (not after) the indirect object and you use to or
for.
     Could you explain it
to Lynn?     Please lend them to Teresa.
You put the indirect object after the direct object
with the verbs describe, explain, say and suggest.
We
described the house to our friends. NOT I've come to say *Hello' to you. NOT He
suggested a great restaurant to us. NOT
Word order
with verb + object

O Find and correct the mistakes in the magazine headlines.

Word order
  with  verb + object

DI
C]
[2

12

Test it e
O Read the
  sentences. Are the statements about them true or false?
a
  A He likes very much Italy.
BHe likes Italy very much.
            Both
  of these sentences are possible.                  True
b
  A We zve
  lived here since 2001.
BWe've
  since 2001 lived here.
           Neither of these sentences is
  possible.                True

c
  A Nick took Sally back home.
BNick took back home Sally.
Only one of these sentences is possible. True
  d A Jeff near Oxford lives.

B
  Jeff lives near Oxford.
Both of these sentences are possible.     True
  e A She loves you very much.
B
  She very much loves you,
           Both
  of these sentences are possible.                  True
f A She
  went to the theatre last week.
B Last week
  she went to the theatre.
           Both
  of these sentences are possible.                  True
g A Don't stay out too late.
B Don't too
  late stay out.
           Neither
  of these sentences is possible.                True
Correct
  the sentences.
a
  I bought yesterday a jacket.
b
  He always gets early to the office.
c
  J lost my passport and I lost also my credit cards. d David is
  Spanish but he speaks fluently English.
e (30 past the bank and you'll see on the right the post
  office.

False
False

False
False

False
False

False

Fresh fruit
  and vegetables are good for you. Eat every day five portions.

a

Choose the best sentence in each pair.
a My dog doesn't like very much chocolate. b MV dog
doesn't like chocolate very much.
c Every morning, we go swimming. d We go every
morning swimming.
e We dropped at the station Tony and Sally. f We
dropped Tony and Sally at the station.
g
You shouldn't stay so long in bed.
h
You shouldn't stay in bed so long.
 He wants a moped and he wants also a car.
j He wants a moped and he also wants a car.

10

Word order
with verb + object
Word order with verb + object
You put verbs and their objects together' You don't
put other words between them. This is a very common mistake.
    /
like Siena very much.
He lost his
passport. He also lost his wallet. NOT 44e4est-Ðlso-his-wa44et7

Fix it
  notes

Put verbs and their objects together. Don't put other words
  between them.
Verbs and places usually go together,
e.g.
  five near Oxford, get to the office, stay in bed.
If the verb has
  an object. put the place after (not before) the verb + object.
Usually put time expressions, e.g.
  since 2001, every six months jn the winter, late, early, after (not before)
  place.
Time
  expressions, e.g. next Saturday, last week, every morning, can sometirnes go
  at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

For more information, see the Review
      page opposite.

Verbs and
places usually go together, e.g. go to school, stay at home, walk to work, etc.
You don't put other words between them. You shouldn't stay at home so much, He
walks to work every day.
If the verb has an object, you put the place after (not
before) the verb + object.
       David took Maria
home.                                         NOT
    We met William in
the supermarket.            NOT
You usually put time expressions, e.g. every day, next
month, on Monday, after (not before) place.
I'm going to Korea next month
We go back to school on Monday.
You can often put time expressions at the beginning of the
sentence, too.
The meaning doesn't change.
In June we're going to the Alps. 0B We're going to the
Alos in June.

   Verb patterns (1)                                                                  (1
)
Test it

a
  When I drove past your house I saw ten birds sit on the roof. b
  Suddenly, we heard a girE to scream.
Did you notice Jane staring at Simon last night? d We're going surfing
  in Cornwall next summer. e Leo loves tennising.
f
  Jogging is a popular pastime.
g
  TO go shopping is what Jenny likes most Of all.
h
  We saw the postman fall off his bike but he was OK.
To see you
  again js the best thing that's happened to me for years. One of Tim's worst
  habits is singing in the bath.
O Write the -ing form, base form or the
  infinitive to complete the sentences.
a
  We saw a strange man    (stand) outside the bank.
b
  I suddenly felt a sharp pain         (go) through my leg.
(practise)
  yoga is supposed to make you feel calm.
d
  I'm listening to my favourite actor -         (speak) on the
  radio.
e
  (keep) fit is good for your health and it makes you feel
  happier, too.

                    is
  good fun. I enjoy it.
A To cook B Cooking b Steve loves
A playing football B footballing c
  He heard the dog just before it bit Charlie,

A growl B to
  growl d           golf
  is incredibly boring in my opinion.
A Playing B TO play e I noticed a small
  rabbit                                                                                by
  the side of the road.
A fie B tying                                                                                happy
  is more important than anything else in life,
A Feel B Feeling                                                                                every
  day makes him feel better.
A Running B Run h They
  saw Peter  the flowers in the bin and walk off.
A to throw B throw
         I heard
  someone         loudly in the room next door.
A snoring B to snore j Andrew and Jo both love .
A marathoning
  B running marathons k We watched the children on the beach.
          A playing    B to play

O Find the incorrect
sentences.                                                                                O
Choose the best option, A or B

f He saw the woman g
Jay hates .
h Nick and Jeff are
going We watched the people was great fun.
j Do you enjoy
(get) out of the car and run off.
(smoke) but he can't give it up.
(climb) next weekend. (dance) in the street — it
(play) squash?
20
Choose the best caption for the cartoon.
I wish I were you. Move house is so stressful!
I wish I were you. Moving house is so stressful!
I wish I were you, To
move house is so stressful!

12

Fix
it

Answers to Test it                     O
Fix it notes
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right Fix it note to find out why.
Use an —ing form (not an infinitive) as
sitting b to-sere-affi
scream the subject or object of a sentence.
c
correct
d
correct
e
playing tennis     Make an —ing form from a verb. Don't f correct           make
an —ing form from a noun.
Going c h correct
After the
i -To-see     Seeing  verbs feel, hear, notice, see,
j correct     + object, use the base form of
watch the verb if the action is
finished before a standing you stop feeling, hearing, etc, b go c Practising          D
d speaking After the verbs feel, hearr notice, see, e Keeping watch +
object, use the —ing form if the f get action isn't finished before you stop g
smoking feeling, hearing, etc. h climbing i dancing j playing     see
the
For more information,
Review page opposite, Now
go to page 51. Test yourself again
Answers to Test it again
a B A) A C A d A
I wish I were you. Moving house
is so stressful!
(1 )
Verb patterns (1)
The —ing form as subject or object
•
You can use the —ingform of a verb as the subject or object of a
sentence, It behaves like a noun.
Swimming is good for you. NOT
To-swim-is-good-fÐF-Yð£+õ I
like swimming,
Be careful! You can't make an —ing form out of a
noun. playing tennis. NOT
GO
•
You often use go + —ing form to talk about sports and leisure.
Tony and I are
going walking in the Alps next month.
We're all going clubbing tonight. Do you want to come?
Note that you don't normally use to go at the
beginning of a sentence. Running is very important to David.

Verbs +
object + —ing form or base form
After certain verbs, e.g. feel* hear, notice, see,
watch + object you can use the base form. You use the base form when the action
you're talking about is
completed.
I heard the
door slam,
Helen saw Stephen pick up the letter and throw ít in
the bin.
You use the —ing form after feel, hear, notice, etc. +
object when the actíon you're talking about isn't completed.
We watched tourists floating in the Dead Sea.
I noticed a
monkey swinging through the trees. The witness saw a man standing on the
corner.
{2)
O Choose the best option.
a
It's impossible
for you to understand/understand/understanding the problem.
b
 Nick seemed very pleased
seeíng/see/to see Cathy. c
I'm sure Vic's guilty of steal/stealing/to steal the money. d Late
spring is a very good time to go/go/going to Italy.  Jo's bored of
hearing/hear/to hear your silly jokes.
       f        I'm delighted to
accept/accepting/accept your offer.
 They had great difficulty in
persuading/persuade/to pursuade us to go.
h Let's make a decision to move/moving/move house soon.
 That wasn't a very nice thing for her
saying/say/to say. Are you good at play/to play/playing the
saxophone?

Verb
  patterns (2)

in

15

Test it
O Choose the best sentence in each group.
a
  They're delighted to be here.
b
  They're delighted be here. c They're delighted being here.
d
  Apparently, there's a plan knocking that house down.
e
  Apparently, there's a plan to knock that house down.
f
  Apparently, there's a plan knock that house down.
g
  Charlotte has no hope getting the job she wants.
h
  Charlotte has
  no hope to get the job she wants. i Charlotte has no hope of getting
  the job she wants.
j         Of course I'm happy
  for you to use my car. k Of course I'm happy for you using my car. Of course
  I'm happy you to use my car.
m
  Matthew is ashamed of
  to cheat in the exam.
n
  Matthew is ashamed of cheating in the exam.
o Matthew is ashamed of cheat in
  the exam.
O Write complete sentences. Use the —ing form or infinitive
  of the verbs brackets. Add for where necessary.
a It'll be a good
  opportunity us the schedule. (discuss) b It's not unusual people nervous in
  an interview. (feel) c Pete was shocked about the accident. (hear) d You've
  got plenty of time for the test. (revise) e Are you interested in about my
  life? (hear) f The idea of house terrifies me. (move) g come on! There's no need about it. (cry) h
  Johnny had a dream of famous but he never was.
     i   I
  have no desire pressure on you. (put}
It's hard him how you feel. (imagine)

20

Correct any mistakes you can see.
        a
b g We're both interested in finding out
more about the Far East. c
h
d
e There's no need got) go until
tomorrow.

   t Fix it                                                                      (2)
Answers to Test it                     O
Fix it notes
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right Fix it note to find
out why.                                                                                Verb
patterns (2)
Use
The best sentences are: the
infinitive (not the base form of the verb or the —ing form) after an Adjective
+ infinitive or —ing form adjective.
•
You can often use the infinitive after an adjective. You don't use the
—ing form or the base form of the verb.
Use the —ing form (not the infinitive or
I'm glad to see you. NOT Vrn-g+ad-seeiag-yetk NOT the base form of the verb) if
a We were shocked to hear the terrible news. 2 a for us to discuss preposition
follows an adjective. b for people to feel c to hear  You use the —ing form
when there's a preposition after an adjective, e.g. bored d to revise Use the
infinitive (not the base form of with* excited about, good at, guilty of,
interested in, pleased about. (See the list e hearing the verb or the —ing
form) after some on page 86.) f moving nouns, e.g. plan, opportunity, time,
He's good at swimming. NOT He's-geed-at-to-swim: g to cry need, desire.               NOT
h being           Clara's bored with playing tennis. He was interested in
learning all about her.
i to put j for him to
imagine -Y Use the —ing form (not the infinitive or Noun + infinitive or
—ing form the base form) after some nouns + After some nouns, e.g. decision,
need, time, wish, etc., you use an infinitive
NOW go to
page 55. preposition, e.g. hope of, idea of, (not an —ing form or the base form
of the verb). (See the list on page 86.) dream
of. There's a Nan to build a motorway. NOT
There's-a-p/aæbuifdiñg-a-metorway;
Answers to Test it again                                                                            Th
e  n o n ee to                                                                                NOT
a to understand Use for if you put an
object between an b to see adjective or a noun and the infinitive. You use the
—ing form when there's a preposition after a noun, e.g. difficulty in,
c  stealing
d  to
go        hope of, idea of, thought Of. (See the list on page 86.) we          o
h       of         NOT
e  hearing
For more information,
f
to accept  see the  I
hate the idea of getting married.           John had difficulty in finding a
hotel.
Review page
g
persuading           opposite.
Adjective or noun + for + object +
infinitive h to move i to say If you want to put an object between an adjective
or a noun and an infinitive, j playing  you must use for.
I'm happy for you to use my house while I'm away, good for people
b correct
The party will
be a good opportunity for students to meet each other.

c feeling d
  correct

to feel

e need-you-go

need for you to go

f to-be g correct

being

marrying

   Verb
patterns (3)                                                                   (3)
Test it                                                                                e

O Five of these
sentences are incorrect. Find and correct them. a She advised me seeing the
manager.
b Mr Oliver stopped the children running across the road,
He asked how spelling my name.
d
I really don't know what to do.
e
It was nice that Frank invited Ben to go on holiday.
f
Ask the teacher what do next, please. g My parents encouraged me becoming a solicitor.
h We discovered the men to break into the house. Do
you know where to buy cheap software? j Anthony reminded me to sign the cheque.
O Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words in
brackets.

a

Malcolm Smith taught me

(read) Ancient Greek.

b

Please ask the agent when -

(book) the
  tickets.

c

George dislikes animals

(be}
  treated badly.

d
Will you allow us           (stay) up and watch the film?
e
The woman asked us how           (get) to the station, f     I
want to know what    (do) in this situation.
g       Jude
was embarrassed because the examiner caught her   (cheat).
h
No one can stop me        (feel) the way I do.
i
Andrew showed us how  (frame) a picture.

20

j
Let's ask the information centre where    {eat).
Choose the best option, A or B
It was dangerous, but no one could stop Johnin the river.

A swim B swimming b Edward didn't ask Lucy to his
wedding.
A going B to go c Do you know how
'onornatopeía'?
A to pronounce B pronouncing d I'm not
happy! I caught my boyfriend        •with another woman!
A to flirt B flirting
 Why don't you ask
someone where           in Barcelona?
A staying B to stay
 I dislike people  at me. It's just not
nice.
A to laugh B laughing g Ask your mum how your
homework. I don't knowl
A to do B do h Sylvia wanted me    her
my poems but refused.
A to show B showing
     The policeman
ordered us         out of the car.
A getting    B to get j I found the
dog         my favouríte book.
A chewing B chew

How many mistakes can you find in the headlines?

a
Prime Minister helps pensioners to keep warm in winter.
b
Teenagers prefer their parents staying away from school discos.
Do it now! Find out how losing weight the safe, quick way!

d Actor encourages young talent to
apply for film roles'I don't know what doing with all my money,' claims pop
idol.

     f   Ministers want
to get young homeless people off the streets,
'My parents stopped me to get married to
the man I love,' says Norma-Jean.

h
Agents advise house owners selling now while interest rates are
Ww.
i
'l begged him not to go!' celebrity tells the nation. Read it all
inside.
j
Need cash? Find out where to get the best deals!
(3)
Verb patterns (3)
Verb + object
+ infinitive or —ing form
You use object + infinitive (not an —ing form) after
certain verbs,
e.g. advise, allow, ask,
encourage, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, want.
(See the list on page 87.) Mum
allowed us to stay up late.

Answers to Test
Check your answers.
Read the right Fix it note a seeing
Answers to Test

Wrong answer? to find out why.

Fix it notes
Use object +
  infinitive (not —ing form} after certain verbs, e.g. advise, allow,
  encourage; invite, remind, teach, etc.

Use object +
  —ing form after certain verbs, e.g. catch   discover),
  discover, dislike, stop, etc.
Use a
  question word + infinitive
(not the base form of the verb or an —ing form), in reported speech and
  questions inside questions,

For more information, see the Review page opposite.

She persuaded him to marry her. NOT
You use object + an —ing form (not an infinitive)
after catch discover), discover, dislike, find, stop, etc. (See the list on
page 87.)
The               c         NOT
h e r         NOT
Question word + infinitive
• You often use a question word
+ infinitive (not the base form of the verb or an —ing form), especially in
reported speech and questions inside questions. (For more information on
embedded questions see page 77.)
     I         kn o w      re
to        NOT
     I asked h     o vv to       it.
NOT
Find out what to do next. NOT
Note: The only question word you can't put an infinitive
after is why.

Contrast
and connection
Test it
O Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
a
It's late. It's also getting dark.
b
It's late. It's
getting also dark,
Lisa's a good driver, she hasn't
though got a car. d Lisa's a good driver, though she hasn't got a car.
e Although
I got up early, it was a holiday. f ! got up early, it was a holiday although.
g
I'm tired. I'm hungry as well.
h
tired. As well I'm hungry.
I saw Sonia in the restaurant and David was there too.
i saw Sonia in the restaurant and
too David was there k Even although I was careful, I broke the vase, Even
though was careful, I broke the vase.
As well as the cost, there's the
problem of noise, n There's the problem of noise, the cost as well as.
O I think we should still go camping, in spite of the bad
weather.
p
I think we should still go camping, even in spite of the bad weather.
i
q
They bought a new car even though they couldn t afford it. r They bought
a new car, they couldn't afford it even though.
s
In spite of feeling ill, Ann went to work.
t
In spite of feel ill, Ann went to work,
Choose the best option.
a There's a coffee shop in the hotel and it as
well/also has a restaurant. b I had another burger, even although/though I
wasn't hungry.
G It's cold and windy in the North. It also/too snows a
lot.
d
Though/ln spite of her shyness, she has many friends.
e
Jenny's travelled in India. As well as that!Too, she's been to
China.
f
That boy's a brilliant dancer. He sings very well too/as wetl as.
g
In spite of she went/the fact that she went to bed early, Emma
woke up late. h Maldini is a film director, He also is's also a good actor.
My boyfriend likes football, though/in spite Of i think it's
really boring.
     j   Too much sugar can make you
fat, and it's bad for your teeth

18

as well/as well as.
Contrast and
connection
Complete the music review. Use one word in each space.
     as         also         as well as                          in
spite of        though (x?)       too
Mirror image Jay's best album since the band split UP three
years ago, and the best of the albums that the ex-band-members have
produced some great new songs, there are excellent versions of old favourites,
perhaps ong or two of these now sound just a bit out-of-date, t/us, the CD sounds fresh and
original, and contains a fey surprises, e üayS piano solo on Clouds, for instance, is quite
brtl/lants though he on/y recently learnt to play the instrument,
Jay's voice on this track is strong; It's powerful throughout the album, in
fact, h some say he
sounds even better
O Rewrite the sentences. Keep the same meaning.
 Ricky teaches and also writes books.
Ricky teaches.that, he writes books.

b I love skiing, but I'm not very good at it.

Even
  though the sun has set, it's still warrn.
In spite of                                the
  sun has set, it's still warm.

EvenI love skiing, I'm not very good at it.

d
I made lunch and did the washing up, too.
making lunch, I did the washing up.

e
It was raining, but we went for a walk anyway.
though it was raining, we went for a walk.

f
In spite of reading it twice, I didn't understand it.
that I read it twice, I didn't understand it.

g
Helen reads a lot. She often goes to the theatre. too.

Helen often goes to the theatre and she
 reads
a lot. h We both like swimming and snorkelling.
We like swimming and we enjoy snorkelling
        Karen's
nice to Jake in spite of the fact that she doesn't like him much.
Karen's nice to Jake, she doesn't like hirn much.

      j  My dog is very
gentle. He's also very loyal.
being gentle, my dog's very loyal.

t
Answers
Check your
Read the right         it note to
find        why.
The correct sentences are:
a also b though c also d In spite of e As well
as that f too g the fact that she went
h 's
also i though j as well
Now o to pa e 63. Test oursel again
Answers to Test it again
IJ a also b As well as c though
d In spite of
f even g
too h though
a As well as b though c the fact (that) d AS well as e
Even f In spite of the fact g also h too/as well i Although/Though j As
well as
Put as well or too at the end of a sentence. Also goes before
the main verb but after be.
Put as well as (that) at the beginning or in the middle of a
sentence (not at the end).
Use although, though or even though with subject + verb. Put
them at the beginning of the correct part of the sentence.
Use in spite of only before a noun or before an —ing form of
a verb. Add the fact (that) before other verb forms.
Don't put even before although or in spite of.
For more information, see the Review page opposite.
Contrast and
connection
Contrast and connection
Also,
as well, too
You put also before the main verb in a sentence. But you
must put it after (not before) the verb be.
We produce fruit here and we also grow vegetables.
She was kind and she was also generous. NOT
There's a hotel in the village.
There's also a café and a restaurant.
You usually put as well and too at the end of a sentence.
You can see the person on the screen and talk to them as
well/too.
As well as
• You Can begin a sentence with
as well as, but only before a noun or the —ing form of a verb. You don't use as
well as at the end of a sentence. As well as a TV, there's a DVD. As well as
having a TV, he's got a DVD. DO as n water as as food. NOT
Although, though and even though
You use although, though and even though with subject + verb.
Though is less formal than although. You use even though to make what you're
saying sound stronger. Often the information that comes after although, though
and even though makes the idea in the other part of the sentence seem
surprising.
The plants grew well, even though she
rarely watered them.
OR Even though she rarely watered them, the plants
grew well. (It was surprising that the plants grew well.)
In spite of
You use in spite of like although. It goes before a
noun or the —ing form of a verb. You add the fact (that) before other verb
forms.
In spite of his size, the rugby player
could run fast.
In spite of feeling sleepy, Paul
watched the whole film.
In spite of the fact that / usually
lose, I enjoy playing cards.
You can reverse the order of the clauses. The meaning
doesn't change.
In spite of his size, the rugby player
could run fast
0B The rugby player could run fast, in
spite of his size.

Purpose
Test it

Purpose

O Find the incorrect sentences.

O Choose the best option.
Tom: You went out 8 to/fot to see Mark last
  night, didn't you?

       a        Carol went to the bank

always take a map

Sue: ND, I didn't. I went out b in order for/for
  a coffee with some friends, that's

far to get some cash.

so that
  don't get lost.

all. Anyway, I
  left early c not to/sO I didn't miss the bus home. That's when
  I phoned you. I borrowed someone's phone d to -call/foroalling you
  because the battery in mine was low. And I phoned e in order to/so
  you'd

       b        Jeff studied hard to make

g

Paula runs every

know I was thinking about you, like I always do.

sure he passed the exam.

dag in
  order get tit.

Tom: You're only saying that f SOA don't/sot not
  get angry with you.

Tom:

Well, I'm going to call that number back now. Just h for
  making sure/

C

I went
  outside tnat I

h

Ile aimed carefullv in

to make sure you're telling me the truth.

could get
  some fresh air.

ordcr not to miss the target.

Sue:

Why
  don't you trust me? I didn't go on holiday with my friends so that i you
  wouldn't/you not get jealous. I'm saving all my money for j our wedding/to.
  get married, but now I might change my mind.

d

We must use cars less

Superglue iS useful for

Tom:

OK, I believe you. I'm sorry.

to reduce pollution.

fix broken plastic.

Sue:

Well, make sure k to not /you don't do it again!

Sue: No, no.
It's true. It's g for to stop/tostop you getting the wrong idea.
e I'm saying to a j UI wrote it down so new
DVD plqyer. that not to
forget -it.

12

Complete the sentences. Use each word or expression twice.
for        in order to        so that        to
make       to make sure
a Jackie went to Warsaw          learn Polish. b When you're
abroad, internet cafés are useful sending emails.
c
Look in the fridge    we have enough food for everyone.

e

He bought lots of lottery tickets better chance of winning.

he would have a

f

Please have the correct money ready

avoid delays.

He moved quietly in order to not wake it up.

g

You need olive oil .

a good salad dressing.

He moved quietly so that he didn't wake it up. He moved
  quietly for not waking it up.

d
The Oscar winner stood up  a speech to everyone.

h I always use a red pen
Have you counted the chairs j          Come to my new house
correcting my mistakes. we have enough?
I can show you around.

t
Purpose

Answers                                    O
Check your
Read the right    it note
to find      why.                                                                                Purpose
Use
a •for-to-get to get to + base form of the verb to say
b correct why someone does something.
so that
• You can use to + base form of the
verb to say why someone does something. d correct for form of the verb You use
in order not to as the negative form.
Use in order to + base

     f correct                                            to
say why someone does something.                                We sat down to
eat. He went back to the office
to read the report.
The negative js form
                            in
order to                                         in order not to + base    The
driver braked in order not to crash. NOT
      h correct                                                                       of
the verb.
                           for
fixing                                                                                tn order to

so that I
  didn't/wouldn ft

Use so (that) + a modal verb. In the
  negative, use a form of the verb do or a

e') a in
  order to

-+

modal verb, e.g. .
  so (that) f didn't ...

b for c to make sure d to make

. so (that)
  he wouldn't ..

e so that

Use subject + verb after to make

f in order to g to make h for

sure (that).

i to make sure

Use for before a noun or before the

j so that

—ing form of the verb.

For more
  information, see the

Now go to page 67. Test youréðlúgaåh,l

Answers to Test it again

Review page opposite.

l?' a to

g to stop

b for

h to make sure

c so I
  didn't

i you wouldn't

d to call

j
  our wedding

e so

k you don't

f so I don't
'i) He moved quietly so that he
didn't wake it up.
You can also use in order to + base form of the verb to say
why someone does something. This is more formal than to + base form of the
verb. You use in order not to as the negative form.

He ran to save time. (informal)        He ran in order to save time.
(formal) Keep quiet, in order not to wake the baby.

So (that)
•
You usually use so or so that with a modal verb such as can,
will, etc.
shouted so that they COt-lld hear me. NOT
You can use will or the present simple after so (that) to
talk about the future. Take your passport so they'll let you in. OR  so they let you in.
•
In the negative, you use a modal verb or a form of the verb do.
She hid the
mark so people wouldn't notice.
Wear a hat so that you don't get cold. NOT
Make sure (that)
You can use to make sure
(that) to say that someone is determined to do something.
They trained hard to make sure they won. NOT
You make the negative by using to make sure (that) + do +
not.

j got there
early to make sure I didn't miss it
For
• You can use for to say why someone
does something or what you use something for, but only before a noun or an -ing
form.

Result and
reason                                          Result and reason
it
Choose the correct
sentence in each pair.                                            Complete the
sentences. Keep the same meaning.

16

a

.10 phoned the company because of he wanted a job.

a

It's too cold to swim.

b

Jo phoned the company because he wanted a job.

It's not warm

c

It was such a good book that I read it in a day.

b

She bought that jacket because it was half
  price.

d

It was a such good book that I read it in a day.

That jacket was haif price,

c

It's such a cold day that I can't believe it.

e

The bus was later so Lisse walked to work,

It's so

f

The bus was latei so that Lisse walked to work.

d

Take some food — you might get hungry,

g

Gina was too much busy to have lunch.

Take some food in case -

h

Gina was much too busy to have lunch.

The film was so good that I saw it twice.
that I saw it twice.

Steve drove fast so that he crashed.

j

Steve drove so fast that he crashed.

f

This
  car isn't big enough for our family.
This car is too

k

Take my number in case you need to call me.

g

I'll stay at home in case she phones later.

Take my number in case you would need to
  call me.

I'll stay at home because

m

It was such dark that we couldn't see anything.

h

Nick wrote such a good essay that he won the competition.

n

it was so dark that we couldn't see anything.

Nick won the
  cornpetition because  a good essay.

o

The fruit is ripe enough to eat now.

i

It was raining, so they postponed the match.

p

The fruit is enough ripe to eat now,

They postponed the match  the rain.

j

It was extremely hot. so no one stayed on the beach.

Choose the best option.

It was  to stay on the beach.

It was such

f

The traffic lights turned green, because/so the cars started moving.

b

Because of the snow and ice, the airport was closed.

so

g

Sophie's not enough tall/not tall enough to be a model.

There was snow and ice,  closed,

h

Pam wanted to learn Spanish, so/so that she spent a year in
  Madrid.

c

It's so
  late that there's no point in going to bed.

too

i

feel much happier because/because of you!

It's  to go to bed.

j

Don't touch that wire in case you/you'll get an e'ectric
  shock.

d

You might get home late so take a key with you. Take a key
  with you  home late.

in case

e

The problem is too difficult for me to solve. The problem
  is  I can't solve it.

that

f

Teresa loves
  Egypt so she often goes there. Teresa often goes to Egypt it.

because

a I
couldn't sleep because/because Of the noise. O Complete the sentences. Use the
words given and any other words you need b
The bus goes such/so slowly that it's quicker on foot.           from
the first sentence. c Clive was too/too much tired to work any more.
d Let's take some water in case we'll
be/we're thirsty later,        a That shop is so expensive that I never go
there.            such e There
was such a/a such terrible storm that the ship sank. It's  shop that
never go there.
18

/
Answers
Check your
        Read the right        it note
to find        why.
The correct sentences are:
a because of b so c too d we're
e such a f so g not tall enough h so i
because of j you
'(f INow go tðWÓÁgßþÝÎést
you*sefÈSqaiÓ}
Answers to Test it again
a enough to swim b so she bought
it c cold (that) I can't believe it d you get hungry e a good film f
small for our family g she might phone later h he wrote/had written such i
because of j too hot
a such an expensive b so the airport was c too late d
in case you get e so difficult that f because she loves
O
Put so (not so that or because), after a reason and before
a result.
Use sa {not such) before an adjective or adverb on its own.
c
use such before a noun or adjective + noun. If there's
an article (a or an), put
it after such.
Use because before subject + verb. Use because of before a
noun or pronoun.
Use the present simple after in case to talk about future
possibility,
use too +
adjective/adverb + infinitive. You can say much too befOre an adjective/adverb,
but not too much.
Use (not 4) adjective/adverb + enough + infinitive.
For more information, See the Review page opposite.
Resu|t and
reason
O
Result and reason
So
and such
You can use so to say why something happens.
Colin was tired, so he went home. {He was tired. Because of
that he went home.) It was funny, so everyone laughed. (Because it was funny,
everyone laughed.)
You can also use so (that) or such that to say why
something happens. You use so before an adjective or adverb. You use such
before a noun or before an adjective + noun. You put a or an after (not before}
such with singular countable nouns.
The water was so cold it froze. It was such a shock that he cried He was such a
good player that he won.
They were such
good doctors that they saved the man's life.

Because (of) and in case
•
You use because to give a reason for something. you put it before
a subject + verb. You use because of before a noun or a pronoun.
She smiled
because she had done it.                t wore a hat because of the hot
sun. Jan fost a fot of money
because of him.
•
You can use in case + present simple (not will) to talk about a
future possibility. The future possibility gives you a reason for doing
something now, in the present,
Take a book in case you have to wait. (You might have to
wait.}

Be careful! In case doesn't mean 'if'. com e to h o us
i YO n NOT
You can use because for future possibility, but only with a
modal verb.
Take an umbrella in case it rains. OR Take an umbrella
because it might rain.
Too and enough
You can use too + adjective/adverb + infinitive to say why
something can or can't happen. You dontt add words like much or
very. He was too angry to speak.
You can also use adjective/adverb enough infinitive to give
reasons. In the negative, you put not before the adjective or adverb.

Embedded questions and replies                                                                 Embedded
questions and replies
     it                                                                                Test
it

O Find and correct five mistakes in the questions and replies.

a

Could you
  tell me where

Do you
  think that Fred's team

the post office is?
No, sorry.
don't live
  here,

will win
  the match?
donrt hope!-

b

Do you know
  why did

g

Could you
  tell us

Sue leave her job?
No, Yve no idea.

how this
  works?

Yes, certainly.

c

Do you think the bus will
  come soon?
don't
  think.

h

Does anyone know why Pete isn't
  here?

No. Sorry.

d

Do you have any idea how long Not
  fang, Only

Do you think we'll

I'll have
  to wait? a day or two.

pass the exam?

suppose.

e

Can you
  tell me When is the meeting?

j

Coutd you tell me what the time is?

I think it's ten
  o'clock on Tuesday.

It's just
  áfter two.

Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
a Katy
asked me how old I was, b Katy asked me how old was l.
c      They wanted to know where was the
airport.
d      They wanted to know where the airport
was.
O Complete the speech bubbles.
a
b
c
d
e
Choose the correct option, A or B

e Can
  you tell me where Paddy livesì f            Can you tell me where does
  Paddy live?
g
  Gina asked how much was the flat.
h
  Gina asked how much the flat was.
i
  Do you know why this makes a noise? j Do you know why does this
  make a noise?

                                                             a
  George asked me
A where was my house B where my house was b 'Can you fix
  it?' 'No,
                                                                A
  I don't think so.    B I don't think.
c
  Could you tell us .
A when does it start? B when it
  starts?
d
  Do you think it's going to rain? 'l                                                                                A
  hope not. B don't hope.
e
  Can vou show me
A
where is the cathedral? B where the cathedral is?

15

15

Embedded
questions and replies
Embedded questions and replies
Embedded questions are questions that are hidden inside longer
questions. For example, the question: 'Where's my jacket?' becomes  where my
jacket is' when it's inside the question 'Do you know ...7' When you ask people
for information, you often use,   you know ...?f, 'Can/Could you
tell me ...7, 'Do you think ...7, etc. When you use this kind of question, the
word order changes.
There are two kinds of embedded question. There are embedded
questions in reported speech. (See Test it, Fix it: English Verbs and Tenses
Pre-intermediate page 81, and Test it, Fix it: English Verbs and Tenses
Intermediate pages 41 and
45.) There are also embedded questions in polite question
forms.

When you use an embedded question, you put auxiliary and modal verbs
after (not before) the subject.
                                                                                Where's
Paddy? Do you know where Paddy is?

it
Wrong answer?
to
  find out why:
Sue
  left
hope
  not!
are:
yourself again it again
hat
  time it is
started from
  here/how rom here
Jim orks going

Fix it
  notes

Put auxiliary
  verbs, e.g. be, and modal verbs, e.g. will, after (not before) the subject in
  a question inside a question.

Don't
  use dor does or did in a question inside a question.
c
When you answer
  a question inside a question positively with the verbs think, hope, expect
  and suppose, put so after the verb.
When you answer
  a question inside a question negatively with the verbs think, expect and
  suppose, put so after the verb.
When you
  answer a question inside a question negatively with the verb hope, put not
  after the verb.

For more information, see the Review page opposite.

                                                                                When
wjJl we get there?    Can you tell me when we'll get there?

You don't use do, does or did in embedded questions.
                                                                                When
does the news start?  Do you know when the news starts?

You often answer embedded questions with the verbs think, hope,
expect and suppose. When the answer is positive, you put so after the verb. 'Do
you think it'll be a nice day tomorrow?' 'Yes, I think so.' OR 'l hope so.'
'Can you tell me what the answer is?' 'Yes, I suppose so.' OR 'l expect so.

When you answer an embedded question negatively with the verbs think, expect
and suppose, you put so after the verb.
'Do you think they'll win the
match?' 'No, I don't think so'. OR il don't suppose so'. OR 'l don't
expect so.

When you answer an embedded question negatively with the verb hope, you
put not after the verb.
'Do
you think you'll fail the test?' 'l hope not!' NOT

Either or, neither nor, etc
it
Choose the best option, a Can you give
me piece of paper, please?
A another B other rich nor
famous, so no one's interested in her.
A not B neither c You should take the 8.30 or the 8.45
train.
A either B neither d I've got three
sisters. One is married and are not.
A others B the others e 'Sandra
didn't tell me.'
A 'Me nor.' B 'Nor me.' f I've
got things to do at the moment.
A another B other g You can have strawberries or
melon.
A either B or h "l can't stand
people who shout all the time.'
    A 'Neither me.     B
'Me neither.'
     The cobra is poisonous
but many         snakes are harmless.
A other B others three people have
died.
A Another B Other
Complete the sentences. Use the words below.
another (x2)      either    other
others      neither nor         the others (x2)
Some people like living in flats, but people prefer
houses.
b Sheila has .   a big house nor a car, but she's happy. C I
go out one evening a week and spend all        at home. d Oh no, not problem!
e Kathy has two children and is expecting                                  in
June.
    I think I'll buy                                the
white shirt or the blue one.
g       Mike wanted to go home, but , wanted
to stay at the party.
h      It's neither warm           sunny at
this time of year.

15

Some months of the year have 30 days but . have 31. That animal is
probably either a fox    a young wolf.
20
Eithernarr etc.
Test it
O Choose the best option.
The weather
has changed little overnight, with no large falls in temperature a or/either.
in coastal b inland areas. None of the main northern roads are
closed. Of the mountain Villages, one, San Fernando, is cut off by snow, but c
othèr/the others remain open to traffic. This situation will
continue for at least d •another/otheû twelve hours. e Neither/NOne
heavv rain Or/nor snow is expected, and there will not be any fog in mountain
or coastal areas. Tomorrow the north will remain cold, but g Other/oihers
areas will become warmer. It b 8$iII/won't be neither uindy nor wet.
O Write new sentences. Keep the same meaning.
a He didn't smile. He didn't say anything.
He neither smiled  anything. b
All the boys except one have gone.
One of the boys is still herer
but . have gone. c
Not all people like sport.
Some people like sport but  don't. d His name might be Bobby. It
might also be Robbie. His name is either .
e
I met three more people
waiting outside.
I met another - waiting outside,
 'l don't think they saw me.' 'l don't
think they saw me, either.'
'l don't think they saw me.' 'Nor g There wasn't any food and
there was nothing to drink. There was neither  to drink.

f
Fix it
Answers to Test it
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right Fix it note to find out why.
a other b neither c the others d
another e another f either g the others h nor i others j or
Now go to.page 79. Test ourself again
Answers to Test it again
a either b or c the others d another
e Neither f nor g other h will
@ a nor said b the others/the other
boys c other people/others d Bobby or Robbie e three people f me
Fix it
notes
Use either or for two possibilities.
Use neither ... nor for the negative.
Don't say either r.. nor or neither ... or. Don't use or
or.
Use Nor me or Me neither to agree
with a negative statement (not Me too).
Use another on its own, with singular nouns or with a
number + plural noun.
Use another (not other) to say an
extra
Use other (not others and not another) with plural nouns.
Use one to talk about a single member of a group and the
other(s) for the rest of the group
For more information, see the
Review page opposite.
                                                                 Either
.     or, neither      nor, etc
Either or,
neither nor, etc.
Either or,
neither nor
You use either orto talk about two
possibilities.
We can go either to Rome or Mj}an. NOT

You use neither nor for two negative facts.
Neither he nor I slept, NOT

You use Nor me or Me neither to agree with a negative
comment.
'Cricket doesn't interest me.' 'Nor me. *
'l didn't go to work yesterday.' 'Me neither.' NOT
Another/others,
one the other(s)
You use another with a
singular noun, or a number + plural noun. I've got another pen. OR I've got
another two pens.

You use another, not other, to mean 'an extra .         or 'more'.
I'd like another drink, please, NOT

You use others as a pronoun, but not as an adjective. Some birds sing
but others don't

You use one about a
member of a group, and then the other(s) for the rest of the group.
We saw two houses. One of them was attractive but the other
was ugly. One person came outside but the others stayed in the house.

As and
like
Test it e
O Find the incorrect sentences.
a
My father works like a lawyer.
b
As a girl, I lived
in Brazil.
C I enjoy team sports such as
basketball and hockeg,
d
We're having a party on Friday, like you know.

j This drink tastes very similar to pineapple juice.

Apparenttg, I look as
  my mother.

         This
  drink tastes       , pineapple juice.
Match the two halves of each sentence. Add as or like

Complete the sentences. Use as or like.

a

Australia has some unusual animals,

Penang and
  Singapore.

a

In an emergency, you can use a clean
  handkerchief .      a bandage.

b

Jane is a teacher,

2

seeds.

b

Mr Burdon's house is so big it's        a
  palace.

c

There are dangerous animals in the

3

I said before.

c

They sell newspapers such        The
  Guardian and The Independent here.

zoo, such

4

koalas and emus.

d

I feared, my message arrived too late.

d

Felicity enjoys playing tennis,

5

lions and tigers.

There was a sudden noise from the street,         a
  bomb going off.

e

She's so funny, she looks

6

her mother.

f

Speaking        a doctor. my advice to you
  is to stop smoking now.

2 1

f

Before I
  became a writer, I worked

7

plastic.

g

You must be extremely pleased with your
  exam results,       we are.

g

Most plants begin life

8

a penguin.

h

Walking through the Atacama Desert is       exploring
  the moon.

h

It really doesn't matter,

9

a trapeze artist.

j

She was very ill a baby, but she seems fine now. I don't
  want to be too thin,          some of

The food on planes tastes
He enjoys exotic places such

10

her mother
  used to,

e
your handwriting
is a lot like mine.
f
g
h

As and like
Test it again
Complete the sentences. use as or like.

That lookS as a

Il

Alan wants
  to be an electrical engineer.

laxi
  corning now.

Alan wants
  to work  an electrical engineer.

b

My two dogs took almost the same as one another. My two dogs look . one
  another,

c

When she was a teenager, Carmen piaved a tot of sports.

Evergreen trees like
  pine and grow well here.

Carmen played a lot of sports        a
  teenager.

d

Paddy writes things in the same way as Dad: untidily! Paddy writes Dad:
  untidily!

e

I've already explained that I haven't got any money.

Here, as in
  many other

I haven't got any money,        I've
  already explained.

countries,
  people are hungry,

f

Small
  cars, for example the Smart car, are easy to park.
It's easy to park small cars such        the
  Smart car,

g

If you haven't got a corkscrew, you can use a biro.
You can use a biro       a corkscrew if you
  haven't got one.

Billy!
  Stop behaving as

h

Sometimes Freddy looks very similar to an angel.

a clown and sit down.

Sometimes Freddy looks         an angel
Tony is a teacher at St Paul's school.
Tony works        a teacher at St Paul's
  school,

those models.

20

20
As and like
As and like
You use like to say that something or someone is
similar to something or someone else. It's a preposition, so it often goes
before a noun or a pronoun, Christopher
is like his father. Samantha is a scientist, like me.
You use like after a verb Of perception (e.g. feel, look,
seem, smell, soundt taste) with a noun followed by the —ing form.
                                                                                That smells like milk burning.                                                                                It
sounded like a baby crying.
You also use like before an —ing form when you're
comparing one person or thing with someone or something else. Wearing these trainers is like walking
on air.
You use like, not as, to give examples, but you can
also use such as, My brother
hates green vegetables like sprouts and cabbages

t Fix it

Wrong answer? to find out why.

Answers to Test
Check your answers.
Read the right Fix it note
Answers to Test

O Fix it
  notes
Use like (not
  as} before a noun or a pronoun to say that something is similar to something
  else.
Use as (not
  like) before subject + verb, or before a preposition, to say that something
  is similar to something else.
Use as (not
  like) for jobs and when you use something to do the job of something else.
Use as (not like) to mean 'in the
  role of' or *when'.
You can use as (but not like) before subject + certain
  verbs, e.g. know, fear.
Use like or such as (not as) to give
  examples.

For more information, see the Review page
    opposite.

That shop
sells precious stones such as diamonds and rubies.
As is a conjunction. You use it to talk about things that
are similar. You only use it before a subject and verb, or before a
preposition.
                                                                                I
live by the river, as Joe does.                                                                                In
the city, as on the coast, the traffic's heavy.
You use as for someone's job, or to say what you use
something for.
Marta works as a librarian.. Some people use the town
square as a car park.
You use asto say that someone's job, age or role is
important.
As an engineer, he understood the dangers.
(Because he was an engineer, he understood the dangers.)
I often went there as a child. (l often went there when I was
a child.) As a parent, her attitude to TV programmes has changed. (Now that
she's a parent, her attitude to TV programmes has
changed.)
Note: Be carefull As and like don't mean the same thing.
As a student, he has to do homework. (Because he's a
student, he has to do homework.)
Like a student, he has to do homework. (He's a
teacher, but I'm comparing him to a student.)
You can use as with verbs like expect, fear, know and sav
Common structures
with adjectives, nouns and
verbs        Common structures with adjectives, nouns and verbs
Here are some lists of adjectives, nouns and verbs
that you can use with —Ing forms and infinitives.

Verb + object + infinitive (See page 61.)

Adjective + preposition + —ing form (See page 57.)
afraid of clever at guilty about/of
scared of advisedriveknowrequest amazed at content with happy about/with sick
of allowenableleadrequire
angry about/at     dependent on/upon            hopeless
at           sorry for/about    announceencourageleavereveal annoyed
about/at                different
from/to interested in          successful at/in    askestimatelikeshow anxious about disappointed        involved
in            surprised at          assumeexpectlovesuppose ashamed
of          about/at keen
on terrible at/for       authorizefeelmean intend)take aware of       excited about/at  nervous
about/of terrified of            beg find        mention teach awful
about/at          famous for           pleased  tired of  believeforbidneedtell bad at             fed
up with   about/at/with       used to   bribeforceobligetempt bored with   fond of  proud of worried
about      can't bear get          order      train brilliant at/for            frightened
of        ready for               wrong about/with causehatepermitunderstand
capable of          good at/for           responsible for     commandhelppersuadeurge
grateful for satisfied with        compelimaginepreferwant

Verb + object + —ing form (See page 61.)

considerinstructpresumewarn
Noun + preposition + —ing form (See page 57.)         dareintendrecommendwish
advantage offin danger offin insistence on        prospect of           declareinviteremind
aim of/in          difficulty in/of/with            intention of purpose of/in       discoverjudgereport
amazement at dream of               interest in              question about/of
anger about/at effect of job of     reason for annoyance about/at        excitement            matter
of               satisfaction of/with avoidhatemeansave anxiety about/over         about/at/of           objection to          success in              can't
helpimaginemindstop apology for   expense of/in       opportunity for/of               surprise
at dislikeinvolvemisstolerate awareness of       fear of    pleasure of/in       task
of   dreadjustifypreventunderstand belief in gratitude for         point Of/in            thought
of             enjoykeepremember boredom of    hope of  possibility
of         work of            excuselikeresent chance of              idea about/for/of problem offin       worry
aboutloverisk

Noun +
  infinitive (See page 57.)

ability

choice

intention

refusal

agreement

decision

need

reluctance

aim

demand

offer

request

ambition

desire

plan

time

anxiety

determination

preparations

willingness

arrangement

eagerness

promise

wish

What grammar
mistakes do you make?
Do you
know WHY you make them? Test it, Fix it has the answers.

Test it ...
What do you get wrong? Test it and
  find out.

Fix it ...
Find out why - and how to fix it.
Test it again
Can you get
it right now? Test it again!
Don't just test it, fix it!
Also available
Test it, Fix
it: English Grammar Pre-intermediate
Test it, Fix
it: English Verbs and Tenses Pre-intermediate and Intermediate

OXFORD
  ENGLISH
ISBN 0-19-438621 -X
780194 386210

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
www.oup.com/elt

intro:
Тесты, который помогут сформировать грамматические навыки.
Тесты содержат вопросы, которые заставят задуматься всех.
ОТЛИЧНО ПОДХОДЯТ ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ К ОЛИМПИАДАМ, ЭКЗАМЕНАМ
ДЛЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
ДЛЯ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПРОБЕЛОВ ЗНАНИЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ
ДЛЯ ОБОБЩЕНИЯ ЗНАНИЙ  УЧАЩИХСЯ
ДЛЯ ПРОВЕРКИ ЗНАНИЙ   УЧАЩИХСЯ
МОЖНО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ ДЛЯ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ИЛИ ИТОГОВЫХ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
ПОДХОДЯТ ДЛЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ НАЧИНАЯ С 9 класса

доп. образование детей

group: Другое

title: Test_Grammar_Intermediate