extracted_text:
Pre-Intermediate

Hëadway
English Course

Pre-Intermediate
Student's Book
Headway
English
Course
John and Liz Soars

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
CONTENTS                                           LANGUAGE
INPUT

Unit

Grammar

Vocabulary

Everyday English

1 Getting to Tenses Using a bilingual dictionary p9 know you
Most
people live in the south. p14
                                         Present Continuous                                                      This
country exports wool. p 14
What's he doing at the moment? p16      Collocation have/have got       Daily
life
                                              We
have a population of... p15                                listen to music

                                            Have
yöu got a mobile phone? p16                          talk to my friends PI
7

3 It all went wrong p22

Past tenses
Past Simple
He heard a noise.
What did you do last night? p23
Past Continuous
A car was waiting. p24

Irregular verbs saw, went, told p23
Making connections break/ mend, lose/find p23
Nouns, verbs, and adjectives
Suffixes to make different parts Of speech discuss,
  discussion p28
Making negatives pack, unpack p28

Time expressions the eighth ofJanuary at six o'clock on Saturday in
  1995 p29

4 Let's go shopping! p30
check l

Quantity much and many
How much butter? How many eggs? p30 some and any some
  apples, any grapes p31 something, anyone, nobody, everywhere p32 a few, a
  little, a lot of p31
Articles a shopkeeper, an old shop,
  the River Thames He sells bread. p33

Buying things milk, eggs, bread, n packet of Crisps, a can of Coke,
  shampoo, soap, jumpers, department store, antique shop, newsagent, trainers a
  tie, conditioner, first class stamps

Prices and shopping
£1.99
$160 What's the exchange rate?
How much is a pair of jeans? p37

Stop and
5 What do you want to do? p38

Teacher's
  Book p130
Verb patterns want/hope to do, enjoy/like doing
  lookingforward to doing, 'd like to do p38 Future intentions going to and
  will
She's going to travel the world.
I'll pick it up for you. p40

Hot verbs have, go, come have an accident go wrong come first p44

How do you fee]? nervous, fed up Cheer up! p45

Tell me!
What's it like? p46

What's it like?
What's Paris like? p46
Comparative and superlative adjectives big, bigger, biggest good,
  better, best p48

Talking about towns modern
  buildings, night-life p47
Money make money, inherit p50
Synonyms and antonyms
lovely, beautiful, interested, bored p52

Directions farm, wood, pond opposite the car park over the bridge p53

6

7 Famous
couples Present Perfect and Past Simple p54     She has written 20 novels.
He wrote 47 novels. p54 for and since for three years since 1985 p56 Tense revision
Where do
you live? How long have you lived there?
Why did
you move? p56
2

Past participles

Short answers

lived, written p54

Do you like
  cooking?

Bands and music

Yes, I do.

guitar, keyboards

NO, I don?t. p61

make a
record p57
Adverbs slowly, carefully, just, still, too p60
Word pairs this and that ladies and gentlemen p60

'People, the great communicators' — the many ways we communicate

Information gap — Joy Darling p8
Discussion — who are your ideal neighbours? p12
Roleplay — exchanging information about two neighbours p12

Neighbours — Steve and Mrs Snell talk about each Other as neighbours
  (jigsaw) PI 2

Informal letters
A letter to a penfriend WB p9

'Living in the USX — three people talk about their experiences (jigsaw)
  p18

Information gap — people's lifestyles p16
Exchanging information about immigrants to the USA p18

'You drive me mad (but I love you)!' — what annoys you about the people
  in your life? p20

Linking words but, however WB PI 4
Describing a person WB PI 5

'The burglars' friend' p22
Newspaper stories p24
A short story — 'The perfect crime'
  p26

Information gap — Zoë's party
  p25
Telling stories fortunately/unfortunately p25

A radio drama — 'The perfect crime' p26

Linking words while, during, and for WB p2()
Writing a story 1 WB p21

'The best shopping street in the world' — Nowy Swiat, in Poland p34

Town survey — the good things and bad
  things about living in your town p32
Discussion — attitudes to shopping p34

'My uncle's a shopkeeper' p33
Buying things p36

Filling in forms WB p26

Hollywood kids — growing up in Los Angeles ain't easy' p42

What are your plans•md ambitions? p39
Being a teenager p42

A song — You've got a friend p44

Writing a postcard WB p32

'A tale of two millionaires' — one
  was mean and one was generous p50

Information gap — comparing cities p48
Discussion — the rich and their money p50

Living in another country — an interview with a girl who went to live
  in Sweden p49

Relative clauses I who/ that/ which/ where WB p37
Describing a place WB p37

Celebrity interview from Hi! Magazine with the pop star and the
  footballer who are in love p58

Mingle — Find someone
  who p55
Roleplay — interviewing a band p57
Project — find an interview with a famous person p58

An interview with the band Style p57

Relative clauses 2 who/ which/ that as the object WB p41
Writing a biography WB p42

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Reading                                 Speaking                             Listening                     Writing
(in the Workbook)

LANGUAGE
INPUT
8 Do's and don'ts have (got) to p62 You have to pay bills.
I've got to go. p62 should
ust
Stop and check 2 Teacher's Book p132
a double room, ground floor p76

10    Scared to death Verb patterns 2 Shops
Exclamations p78 manage to do, used to do, go walking p78 post office, bookshop
p80 He was so scared!
                                            itives                                                                 Describing
feelings and situations                        He's such an idiot!
                                            Purpose                                                                        frightening,
frightened                                      I've spent so much
I went to the shops to buy some shoes, p8()         worrying, worried p81           money!
p85 what, etc. + infinitive
I don't know what to say. p80 something, etc. + infinitive
I need
something to eat. p80
11    Things that   Passives  Verbs and past
participles      Notices

12 Dreams and Second conditional Phrasal verbs Social
  expressions 2 reality If I Were a princess, I'd live in a castle. p94 go
  away, take offyour coat Congratulations! p94 might The plane took off Never
  mind.
                                           I
  might go to America. p96—97                              I gave up my job.                                                 I
  haven't a clue. p101
Take them off p100

Stop and check 3 Teacher's Book p134

13 Earning a living Present Perfect Continuous Jobs and the
  alphabet game — architect, Telephoning p102 I've been living on the streets
  for a year. bookseller p106 Is that Mike? How long have you been selling The
  Big Issue? Word formation I'm afraid he's out.
                                           p102                                                                          death,
  die                                                           Cen I take a
  message? 12109
                                         Present
  Perfect Simple versus Continuous                  variety, various PI 05
                                           He's been
  running.                                                Adverbs
                                           He's
  run five miles. p104                                        mainly, possibly,
  exactly, carefully PI 05

14 Love you and     Past Perfect             Words
  in context PI 16          Saying goodbye leave you     They had met only One
  Week earlier. pl 10          Have a safe journey!
pi 10 Reported statements                Thank you for
  a lovely She told me that she loved John.     evening. p I l 7
She said that she'd met him six months ago. pi 13

Stop and
  check 4 Teacher's Book p136
                                        Tapescripts
  PI 18                     Grammar Reference p129                     Word
  list Teacher's Book p 152

                          the                                 is
enjoyed all over the world.                   grown, produced                                                 Keep
off the
4

rd

The world's first megalopolis — a city of 40 million people p75

What will you do? p72
Discussion — what will life be like in the 21st
  century? p73
What are the biggest cities in the
  world? p74

Life in 2050 — an intewiew with
  Michio Kaku, Professor of
Theoretical Physics p73

Linking words 2
Advantages and disadvantages
WB p52

'Don't look down' — walking on a dangerous footpath p78
'Into the wild' — an American boy's
  search for freedom p82

'When I was young' — talking about your childhood p80
Describing feelings p81
Roleplay— Tom and Jamie pS5

When I was young p80
It was just a joke — a boy called
  Jamie kidnapped his friend p84

Writing letters
Formal and informal letters I
WB p57

Three plants that changed the world — tobacco, sugar and cotton
  (jigsaw) p90

Exchanging information about three plants p90
Discussion — which plants have been
  good and bad for the world? p90

The world's most common habit: chewing gum — the history of chewing gum
  p92

Writing a
  review of a book or film WB p63

The vicar who's a ghostbuster p98

Giving advice — IfI were
  you, I'd . p96
Telling stories — tell the class a ghost story p98

An           with a woman who heard
  voices p98

Adverbs WB p68
Writing a story 2 WB p68

p109

A funny way to earn a living— a rollerskater in a supermarket, a
  beachcomber, and a hot air balloonist (jigsaw) pl 06—7

Information gap — Steven
  Spielberg p104
Discussion — What is a good job? PI 06
Roleplay— phoning a friend p108

Giving news — a telephone conversation between Craig and his mother
  p108

Writing letters
Expressions in different kinds Of letters WB p74
Formal and informal letters 2
WB p75

A love story PI 10
A short Story — 'The tale Of two
  silent brothers' pl 14

A love story: the end of the story — write your ideas
  pl 12
Arguments in families pl 14
What happens next in the story? PI 15

An interview with Carmen Day pi 13
A song — Talk to me PI 16

Writing a story 3 WB p80

SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT

Where
  were you born?
What
  do you do?
Are
  you married?
Why
  are you learning English?
When
  did you start learning English?
How
  often do you have English classes?

A year ago.
Three times a week.
In Thailand.
Because I need it for my
  job.
I'm a teacher.
No, I'm single.

2
Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

I
2
Complete the questions about Carly.
     I Where does she come from?                                                             Carly
Robson
2
live?
3
live with?
4
What     studying?
5         enjoying the course?
6
How many               speak?
7
did her course
start?
8
What          after
she graduates?
Listen
to Carly, and write the answers to the questions.
3
Complete the questions to Carly.
I 'Which university do
you go to?'
'I don't
go to a university. I study at home.'
2
a job?'
'Yes,
I do. A part-time job.'
3
'What     at
the moment?'
'I'm
writing an essay.'
4
to England?'
Fifteen
years ago.'
5
name?'
'Dave.'
6
'He's an
architect.'

GRAMMAR SPOT

Find examples of
  present, past, and future tenses in the texts about Maurizio and Carly.
2
  Which tenses are the two verb forms in these sentences?
  What is the difference between them? He lives with his parents.
living
  with an English family for a month.
3
  Match the question words and answers.

What . . .
Who . .
Where .
When .
Why . .
How many . .
How much .
How        ?
Whose .
Which

Because I wanted to.
Last
    night. $5.
A sandwich.
By bus.
In New York.
Jack.
The
    black one. les mine. Four.

Grammar Reference 1.1 and
  1.2 p129

1
PRACTICE
Talking about you
I Ask and answer questions with a partner.
have any brothers or sisters?
•
What ... like
doing at the weekend?
•
Where . go for
your last holiday?
Make more questions. Use some of the
question words in the Grammar Spot on p7. Ask your teacher some of the
questions.
2
In groups, ask and answer the questions.
•
Do you like
listening to music?
•
What sort of
music do you like?
•
What are you
wearing?
•
What is your
teacher wearing?
•
What did you do
last night?
•
What are you
doing tonight?
3
Write a paragraph about you. Use the text about Maurizio to help
you.
Getting information
4 Your teacher
will give you                                            Darling,
a postwoman. You
don't have tþe     inforim•l. Ask an— answer questions.

Student A

Student B

Joy Darling started working as a

Joy Darling started working as a

postwoman . . . (When?). She drives

postwoman thirty yearsago, when

a van because she delivers letters to

she was 22. She drives a van

a lot of
  small villages.
When did she start

because        (Why?).

working as a postwoman?

Thirty years ago.
Why
  does she drive a van?

Because she delivers letters to a lot of small villages.
Check it
5 Choose the
correct verb form.
1
Maria comes / is coming from Chile.
2
She speaks / is speaking Spanish and English:
3
Today Tom wears / is wearing jeans and a T-shirt.
4
Are you liking / Do you like black coffee?
5
Last year she went / goes on holiday to Florida.
6
Next year she studies / is going to study at university.
1

VOCABULARY
Using a bilingual dictionary
I Look at this extract from the Oxford
Portuguese Minidictionary.
The
pronunciation in
The
translation phonetic symbols
 means repeat the word, so this word is
bookcase.
Other words made with book come at the end.

2 What are these words? Write noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition,
Information
in brackets s) helps you to find the right translation.
The
part of speech (n. = noun, v. = verb)

READING
Communication
I How many
different ways can people communicate?
2
Your teacher will give you some ideas to communicate, but you
can't use words! Mime to your partner, and your partner has to guess what they
are.
3
Read the text quickly and match the headings to the paragraphs.

A HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION

HOW WE COMMUNICATE

COMMUNICATION TODAY

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

4
Match the pictures on PI I to each of the four ancient societies
in paragraph three.
5
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1
Which animals are mentioned? What can they do?
2
What is special about human communication? What can we do?
3
Which four forms of media are mentioned in the last paragraph?
4
What is good and bad about information technology today? What do
you think?
•
What can animals do that people can't?
•
How do you like to communicate?
•
What is happening in information technology now?
I
the great communicators
We can communicate with other people in many different
ways. We can talk and write, and we can send messages with our hands and faces.
There is also the phone (including the mobile!), the fax, and e-mail.
Television, film, painting, and photography can also communicate ideas.

Animals have ways of exchanging
information, too. Bees dance and tell other bees where to find food. Elephants
make sounds that humans can't hear. Whales sing songs. Monkeys use their faces
to show anger and love. But this is nothing compared to what people can do. We
have language — about 6000 languages, in fact. We can write poetry, tell jokes,
make promises, explain, persuade, tell the truth, or tell lies. And we have a
sense of past and future, not just present.
Communication
technologies were very important in the development of all the great ancient
societies:
• Around 2900 BC, paper and
hieroglyphics transformed Egyptian life.
• The ancient Greeks loved the spoken
word. They were very good at public speaking, drama, and philosophy.
• The Romans developed a unique system
of government that depended on the Roman alphabet.
• In the 14th century, the printing
press helped develop new ways of thinking across Europe.
Radio,
film, and television have had a huge influence on society in the last hundred
years. And now we have the Internet, which is infinite. But what is this doing
to us? We can give and get a lot of information very quickly. But there is so
much information that it is difficult to know what is important and what isn't.
Modern media is changing our world every minute of every day.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Neighbours
I Who are your ideal
neighbours? Complete the questionnaire on the right, then discuss your answers
with a partner.
2
'Good walls make good neighbours'.
What does this mean? Do you agree?
3
You will hear Mrs Snell and her new neighbour, Steve, talking
about each other.
Work in two groups.
 Group A Listen to Mrs Snell.  Group
B Listen to Steve.
4
Answer the questions.
I When did Steve move into his new flat?
2       Is
it a large flat?
3       What's
his job? Is it a good job?
4       Does
he work long hours?
5       What
does he wear for work?
6       Who
is staying with Steve at the moment?
7       What
time did Steve's party end?
8       How
many people came to the party?
9       What
is Steve doing tonight?
10   Why doesn't Mrs Snell
want to speak to Steve?
Compare your
answers with a partner from the other group. What are the differences?
Roleplay
Work in groups of three.
Student
A You are Steve.
Student B You are Mrs Snell.
Student C You
are another neighbour. You have invited them to your flat for coffee.
Continue the conversation below. Talk
about these things.
•   Steve's
job      • Steve's sister     • the party
       Neighbour    Do you
two know each other?
      Steve             Well,
we met a few days ago.
      Mrs
Snell     But we didn't introduce ourselves, I'm Mrs Snell'.
      Steve             Pleased
to meet you.
      Neighbour    Steve
works in advertising, you know ..
What do you think?
•   What do you
understand by the words 'generation
•   Write down
three things that young people think about older people and three things that
older people think \ about young people. In groups, compare ideas.
I
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Social
expressions 1
I We use certain
expressions in different social situations.
I'm sorry I'm late!
Don't worry.
Come and sit down.
Match the expressions and
responses. When do we use these expressions?

How are you?

Sleep well!

Hello, Jane!

Yes. Can I help you?

How do you do?

Good morning!

See you tomorrow!

Fine, thanks.

Good night!

Pleased to meet you, Ela.

Good morning!

Not at all. Don't mention it.

Hello, I'm Ela Paul.

Thanks.

Cheers!

Same to you!

Excuse me!

That's very kind. Thank
  you.

Bless you!

Bye!

Have a good weekend!

How do you do?

Thank
  you very much indeed.

Hi, Peter!

Make yourself at home.

Cheers!

Listen and check. Practise saying
them.
2
Test a partner.
Say an expression. Can your partner give the correct response?
3
With your partner,
write two short conversations that include some of the social expressions. Read
your conversations to the class.

The way we live
Present
tenses • have/havegot • Collocation — daily life • Making conversation
STARTER                    These flags all belong to English-speaking
countries. Write the name of the country.
The United
States
Canada
Australia
New Zealand

4
PEOPLE AND PLACES
Present tenses and have/have got
I Read the texts. Match a country from the Starter
with a text and a photograph. Complete the texts with the words from the boxes.
exports enjoy immigrants huge

This country has quite a small
population, just 16 million, but the country is The people are mainly Of
European descent, but there are also aborigines and a lot of south-east Asian
People live in towns on the coast, not so much inland, because it is so hot.
They live a lot of their lives outdoors, and _ sports, swimming, and having
barbecues. This country wine and wool — it has more than 60 million sheep!
2 •
2                                                          3
5                                                          6
favourite variety has only
This is the second biggest
country in the world, but it has a population of
30
million. It is so big that there is a of climates. Most people live in the
south because the north is too cold. It is famous for its beautiful mountains
and lakes — it more lakes than any other country. Their sports are baseball and
ice hockey. elephants grows black climate
This country has a
population of about
45 million. Of
these, 76 per cent are and 12 per cent white. It has a warm . Either it never
rains, or it rains a lot! It is the world's biggest producer of gold, and it
exports diamonds, too. It a lot of fruit, including oranges, pears, and grapes,
and it makes wine. In the game reserves you can see a lot of wildlife,
including lions, zebras, and giraffes.
South Africa
Scotland

PRACTICE
Talking about you
I Practise the forms of
have and have got in the question, negative, and short answer.

Do
  you have a car?

Yes, I do.

No, I don't.

Have you got a car?

Yes, I have.

No, 1
  haven't.

                      I don't have a computer.                  I
haven't got a computer.
T 2.2 Listen and repeat.
2 Ask and answer about
these things with a partner, using have or have got:

•  a
  computer • a credit card      • brothers and sisters
•  a
  stereo       • a Walkman         • your parents/a holiday home
•  a
  camera      • a mobile phone • your sister/a car
•  a
  bicycle      • a pet    • your brother/a motorbike

Getting information
3 Work with a partner.
Student
  A Look at this chart.
Student B Look at the chart from
  your teacher.

          Name
  and age Town and                 Family

Occupation

Free time/

Present
  actiVity

country
Mike, 26
Lucy, 38

holiday

        Nicole,
  15                Texas, the                two brothers

student at

• listens to

getting ready

                                        United
  States          and a dog!

high school

music
• Florida or
Mexico

to go out

        Jeff,
  54, and            Melbourne,              one daughter

He
       office.

• tennis,

having a

       Wendy,
  53             Australia                and three

She
  .

swimming

barbecue in

grandchildren

hairdresser.

•
  Bali every summer

the
  back yard

Write questions to find
  the information about the people in

your
  chart.
      Town/country                   Where
  does he . from?
     Family                                .
  married?                 • Has he got .

lil

•
  Does she have .        • How many .
     Occupation                 • What .
Free time/ holiday • What
  does she .. in her free time?
•
  Where . , . go on holiday?
     Present activity         •
  What ... doing at the moment?

L7Å

T 2.3 Listen and compare.
4
Ask and answer questions with your partner to complete your chart.
2

VOCABULARY

5 Think
of questions to ask about free Daily life time and holiday activities.
•

have
  wash watch talk

a film on TV to my friends my hair
  breakfast

make listen relax do

to music my homework a cup of tea on the sofa

         What
do you do in your free time?                           I Match the verbs and
nouns.
•   What
do ... at the weekend? . . any sports?
•   Do
you like .
•   Where
... holiday?
•
Do
winter holiday?

have
  clear up do have/put

posters
  on the wall the mess a shower the washing-up

cook
  go put on read

magazines a meal make-up to the toilet

Stand up! Ask two or three students
your questions. Use short answers when necessary, Find out who has the most
hobbies and holidays.

T
  2.4

Listen
and check.

Check it
6 Tick (V) the correct sentence.

Match        activities from                     with          correct

Kitchen                                                              Bathroom

                                                                       2            the
                     exercise I        the            room.
Where
you go on holiday?
Where do you go on holiday?
2 C] Do you have any children?
C] Do
you have got any children?

          [2 I'm Hans. I'm coming from                               Living
room                                                  Bedroom
3
Germany.

[2 I'm
Hans. I come from Germany.
4This is a great party! Everyone is
dancing.
This is a great party! EveryoneDo you
like where you live? Choose your favourite room. What do you dances.    do in
that room?
5I don't have a mobile phone. C] I no
have a mobile phone.
6Jack's a policeman, but he doesn't
wear a uniform. Jack's a policeman, but he no wear a uniform.
7
C] 'Where
is José?' 'He's sitting by the window.'
'Where
is José?' 'He sits by the window.'
8
I'm liking black
coffee. I like black coffee.
I like MY bedroom a lot because I've got lots of posters
on the walls. I listen to Music and do MY homework
I
like MY living room. The walls arg white, and I love the big, comfortable sofa
4
Describe your favourite room to a partner. Don't say which room it is. Can your
partner guess?
2
READING AND SPEAKING
Living in the USA
I Close your eyes and think of the United
States. Write down the first five things you think of.
The Empire State Building
Cheeseburger
and fries
Compare your list with other students.
2
Read the introduction to the magazine article. Then work in three
groups.
Group A Read about Roberto.
Group B Read about Endre.
Group C Read about Yuet Tung.
3
Answer the questions.
1
Why and when did he/she come to the US?
2
What does he/she do?
3
What does he/she like about living in the US?
4
What was difficult at the beginning?
4
Find a partner from each of the other two groups. Compare
the three people. 5 Answer the questions with your group.
 What do the
people have in common?
2     Are they
all happy living in the US?
3     Who has
other members of their family living there?
4     Do they
all have children?
5     Who
married someone from their own country?
6     What do
Roberto and Endre like about the US?
7     What do
they say about their own country?
8     Do they
like the people?
9     What do
they say about Americans and their cars?
What do you think?
•
What do you like best about living in your country? What would
you miss if you lived abroad?
•
Do you know any foreigners living in your country? What do they
like about it? What do they find different?
2
THE USA

Roberto
came from Acapulco to New york ten years ago. At first he missed everything -
the sunshine, the food, his girlfriend. But now he has a successful business
with his three brothers and his sister. They run a soccer store in New
Brunswick. Roberto's girlfriend is now his wife, and they have two children who
go to American schools.
When
asked why he came to the
US, Roberto says without hesitation, 'Because I want to
work hard and be successful.' He certainly works hard. He's at the store all
day, then works as a driver in the evening. 'That's why I like America,' he
says.
'You
can be what you want.'
'When
I first came here, I didn't speak the language, and it was winter. It was so
cold! There was snow! Now nearly all my family are here, not only in New York,
but also in California, and in Texas. We meet about once a month and have a
huge Mexican meal that takes about five hours! we're all happy here.'
Endre is
a mathematician at
Rutgers
University, New Jersey. He came from Budapest thirteen years ago. 'I had an
opportunity to come here for two years.' After a year, his wife came to join
him, and since then they've had a daughter, so they decided to stay.
'At
first it was very strange. Everything is so big here,' he says. 'I started to
feel happy when I bought a car. NOW I go everywhere by car. In Hungary, we only
use the car at weekends, but here your car is part of your life. Nobody walks
anywhere.'
HOW does
he find the people? 'very friendly. The first question everybody asks you is
"Where are you from?" People talk to you here, they start
conversations. I like the fact that there are people from all over the world.'
What
about the way of life? 'The thing I like best is the independence. Nobody tells
me what to do. Here you can do what you want, so you learn to make decisions
for yourself. I feel in control.'
yuet
Tung is her Chinese name, but in English she's known as Clara. She came to the
US eight years ago and studied fine art. Now she works on Madison Avenue for a
publisher. She married a Vietnamese American three years ago, and they live in
Long Island. They don't have any children yet.
What
does she think of living in
New York? 'It's very similar to Hong Kong. It's a busy
city, very exciting, and people walk very fast! I like the stores here. They're
huge, and it's cheaper than Hong Kong. But you need a car here. In Hong Kong
everyone uses public transportation, because it's good and it's cheap. At first
I hated driving here, but it's
0K now.'
What
does she like best? 'The space. Here I live in a house with a yard. In Hong
Kong it is so crowded. And the people are friendly. When I go jogging, everyone
says "Hi!" And the food is from every country in the world.'
2

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
You drive me mad (but I love you)!                                                                                Dave
and Aliso
I Complete these sentences about the people
in your life. Tell a partner.
•
My
mother/father drives me mad when she/he ,             • I don't like people who
•
I
hate it when my boyfriend/girlfriend . .            • It really annoys me when
friends .
2
Choose one person in your life. What annoying habits does he/she
have?
     Does he/she .                                   Is
he/she .
•
always
arrive late      • untidy Mike and Carol
•
talk
too loudly            • always on the phone
•
leave
things on the floor         • never on time
What annoying habits do you have? Discuss
with your partner.
3
You are going to listen to a radio programme called
Home Truths. Two couples, Carol and Mike, and
Dave and Alison, talk about their partner's annoying habits. Look at the
pictures below. What are their annoying habits?

T
  2.5

Listen and write the correct names under
each picture below.

4
Are these sentences true (V) or false (X)? Correct the false
sentences.
     I Carol and
Mike never watch television.                       5 Dave never does any jobs
at home.
2     Mike
doesn't listen when his wife speaks to him.  6 Dave is bad at his job.
3     Carol
makes the decisions in their house.  7 Alison tidies up Dave's mess. 4 Mike
shouts at his wife when she's driving.   8 Alison is very organized.
What do you think?
I Do men or
women typically complain about their partners doing these things?
     • watching sport on
TV      • driving badly      • taking a long time to get ready      • not
tidying things away
2 What do you think men are generally better
at? What are women better at?
2

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
IAIison           Making conversation

T
  2.6

Listen
to two conversations. Maria and Jean-Paul are foreign students in Britain.
Their teachers are trying
to be friendly.
Which conversation is more successful?
Why?
2
Obviously, it is impossible to tell someone how to have a conversation, but
here are some things that help.
•
Ask
questions.
•
Show
that you're interested,
•
Don't
just answer yes or no.
•
Try
to add a comment of your own.
•
Don't let the
conversation stop. Find examples of these in the tapescripts on pl 19.
3
Match a line in A
with a reply in B and a further comment in C.

c

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

What a lovely day it is
  today!
It's Very wet today.
How are you today?
Did you have a nice
  weekend?
How
  are you finding living in London? Did you have a good journey?
Did you watch the football
  yesterday?
What
  a lovely coat you're wearing!
If you have any problems,
  just ask me for help,

I'm enjoying it.
Yes, no problems.
I'm very well, thanks.
No, I missed it.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Yes.
Yes, it was lovely.
Mm. Horrible.

Was it a good game?
That's very kind of you.
We had a pub lunch and
  went for a walk.
The plane was a bit late,
  but it didn't matter.
Makes you feel miserable,
  doesn't it?
I got it in Paris last
  year.
How about you?
It
  was a bit strange at first, but I'm getting used to it. Beautiful, isn't it?

T
  2.7

Listen and check. Practise
the conversations with a partner.
4
Think of three
questions to ask someone about each of these subjects.
•
job • home • free time • last holiday
5
Invent a new name
and background for yourself.

My
name's James Bond. I'm a spy. I have homes in London, Moscow, and Beijing .

Stand up! You're all at a
party. Try to make some friends.
2 •

STARTER                      Here
  are the past tense forms of some irregular verbs. Write the infinitives.
                                                              were                  4                     told                 7                     took                  10                   could
2
  saw           5              said         8              gave        11            made
3
  went         6              had          9              got           12            did
THE BURGLARS' FRIEND
Simple

Read and listen to the newspaper
  article. Why was Russell the burglars' friend?

The burglars' friend
IT was 3 0'clock in the His parents They said, 'Will you open the
  morning when four-year- back door while we take these old Russell Brown woke
  were fast things to the car, because we up to go to the toilet. asleep in bed
  don't and Daddy, want do to wake we?' So MummyRussell His parents were fast
  asleep held the door open for them. in bed. But when he heard a was. Russell
  showed them,
He then went back to bed. noise in the living room
  and and said they had a stereo His parents didn't know saw a light was on, he
  went and CD player, too. about the burglary until they downstairs. The two
  men carried these got up the next day. His There he found two men. to the
  kitchen. Russell also father said, 'I couldn't be They asked him his name,
  told them that his mother angry with Russell because he and told him they
  were kept her purse in a drawer in thought he was doing the friends of the
  family. the kitchen, so they took right thing.'
Unfortunately, Russell that. Russell even gave them
  Fortunately, the police believed them. They asked his pocket money — 50p.
  caught the two burglars last him where the video recorder They finally left
  at 4 a.m. week.

Past

I
3

GRAMMAR SPOT

break a cup feel ill make a
  sandwich have a shower lose my passport call the police run out of coffee
  forget her birthday phone ring tell a joke

answer it mend it wash
  my hair laugh be hungry go to bed buy some more find it
say sorry hear a strange noise

NEWSPAPER STORIES
Past Continuous
I Complete the newspaper
articles with the Past Simple of the verbs in the boxes.

have can steal give say

break
  hear come leave go

Hands up, I've got a
  burger!
Last Tuesday a man
  armed with just a hot hamburger in a bag (1)
$1,000 from a bank
  in Danville,
California.
Police Detective Bill McGinnis (2) that
  the robber entered the Mount Diablo National Bank at about 1.30
p.m. and (3) the teller a note demanding $1,000. He
  claimed that he (4) a bomb in the bag. The teller said she police Detective
  Bill McGinnis (5) smell a distinct odour of hamburger coming from the bag.
  Even so, she handed the money to the man. He dropped the bag with the
  hamburger. He escaped in a car.

Teenage party ends
  in tears

Zoë Harman, 16.
    home

alone

When Jack and
Kelly Harman (1) away on holiday, they
  (2) their teenage daughter alone in the house. Zoë, aged 16, wanted to
  stay at home. Her parents said she could have some friends to stay. However,
  Zoë decided to have a party. Things started to go wrong. Forty uninvited
  guests arrived. They (3) furniture, smashed windows, and stole jewellery.
When Mr and Mrs Harman (4) the news,
  they (5) home immediately.

ill

GRAMMAR SPOT

2
3

What tense are all the verb forms in exercise 2? Why is
  this tense used?
How do we make questions and negatives?
Look
  at these sentences. What's the difference between them? she made
When
  we arrived,    some coffee. she was making
Grammar Reference 3.2 and
  3.3 p132

2 Match these phrases to the articles.
Where exactly does each phrase go in the story?
. because she was revising
for examS.
As he was
running out of the bank,
Everyone
was having a good time when suddenly , that was waiting for him outside.
. and some of
them were carrying knives,
T
3.5 Listen and check.
Practise the sentences that contain these phrases.
3
PRACTICE

Discussing
grammar
1    Choose the
correct verb form.
I saw / was seeing a very good programme
on TV last night.
2    While I shopped
/ was shopping this morning, I lost / was losing my money. I don't know how.
3    Last week the
police stopped / were stopping Alan in his car because he drove / was driving
at over eighty miles an hour.
4    How did you cut
/ were you cuttingyour finger?
5    I cooked / was cooking and I dropped
/ was dropping the knife.
6    When I arrived /
was arriving at the party, everyone had / was having a good time.
7    Did you have /
Were you having a good time last night?
2 Complete the
sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1    While 1 (go) to
work this morning, 1 (meet) an old friend.
2    1 (not want) to
get up this morning. It (rain) and it was cold, and my bed was so warm.
3    1  (listen) to the news on the
radio when the phone (ring).
4    But when I(pick)
up the phone, there was no one there.
5    1  (say) hello
to the children, but they didn't say anything because they      (watch)
television.
Getting information
3
Your teacher will give you some more information about the
teenage party, but you don't have all the information. Ask and answer
questions.

Student A

Student B

Mr and Mrs Harman

Mr and Mrs Harman arrived

arrived
  home at.. . (When?)

home
  at 10.30 in the evening.

Zoë
  was staying with friends.

Zoë was staying ...
  (Where?)

When
did

Mr and Mrs arrive home?

in the evening.

Harman At 10.30

staying
  friends.

Where
was Zoë
fortunately/unfortunately
4
Continue this
story around the class.

I
went out for a walk.
Unfortunately,
it began to rain* Fortunately, I had an umbrella.
Unfortunately, it was broken.
Fortunately, I met a friend
in his cart Unfortunately, his car ran out Of petrol. Fortunately, .

5
Tell similar stories around the class, Begin with these
sentences.
•
I
lost my wallet yesterday.
•
It
was my birthday last week.
•
We
went out for a meal last night.

staying?

•
I
went on holiday to. . . last year.

She was with
LISTENING AND READING
A radio drama

T 3.6

1Look at the pictures below and listen to a radio play called The perfect
crime.
2
Answer the questions.

3
Read the story. What do you learn from the story that you didn't
from the radio drama?

Then she turned up the central heating, and went upstairs to put on some
make-up.
The
police came quickly.
'Is he all right?' she asked.
'He's dead.' she     Alice
screamed. 'No, no, not Henry! My Henry! Oh Henry!' Through her tears she told
how she put the baby to bed, and came downstairs to find Henry on the be  kitchen
floor.
'Burglars,' said Detective Parry.
ere              They
took her into the living room.
'Sit down, Mrs Jackson. Sergeant Taylor,
get Mrs for Jackson a drink. A brandy with some ice. Phew! It's hot in this
room. I hope you understand, Mrs Jackson, that we have to search the house
immediately. We must find the murder weapon.' he The room was getting hotter.
Suddenly an arm fell off the ice statue onto the table. It was melting.
Sergeant Taylor went to the statue and picked up the melting arm. er He broke
it into bits and put some into Alice's brandy.
'Phew! Can I have a glass of water, Mrs Jackson? It's
so ll. hot in here.'
'I think we all need one,' said the detective. GAnd
with ice.' They were all very hot and thirsty.
Alice's friends arrived. 'Poor Alice! Poor Henry!' They
cried, and they tried to comfort her.
'Oh, thank you, thank you,' sobbed Alice. 'Please .
stay and have a drink. Help yourselves.'
They all had drinks — gin and tonic, whisky — and they
all had ice. The statue was now nearly a pool of water on the floor.
'I wonder what the burglar hit him with,' said one guest. 'Who knows?'
said another, taking a sip of her drink.
Alice heard this conversation, and smiled into her brandy.
9
4 Are these sentences true (V) or false (X)?
Correct the false sentences.
Alice was waiting for her husband because she wanted to kill him.
2
She was happy because it was her anniversary.
3
She didn't know what he was going to tell her.
4
Henry said that he was in love with someone else.
5
She thought for a long time about how to murder Henry.
6
She turned up the central heating because the room was cold.
7
After she murdered him, Alice was very clever in her behaviour. 8 Alice
hid the murder weapon.
What do you think?
•   At the
beginning and the end of the play, Alice was smiling. Why?
•   Why do you think she did it?
•   Do you think it
was the perfect crime?
Do you think she got away with the murder? Why/Why not?
Language work
5 Give the past form of these verbs from the story.
Be careful with the pronunciation.

adore

phone

open

scream

turn

take

walk

pick

hit

try

fall

sob

Speaking
6 Retell the story in your own words

around
the class.
Based on Lamb to the Slaughter, by Roald Dahl; see note on p144.

VOCABULARY
Nouns, verbs, and adjectives
I
Look at these common noun and adjective suffixes. They are used to form
different parts of speech.

nouns

-ation -ion -ness -ity
  -ence -sion -ment

adjectives

-ous
  -y -tific -Iy -ful -less -ial

Complete the charts below
and mark the stress. There are some spelling changes.

Noun

Verb

Noun

Adjective

communi'cation

invi 'tation

edu'cation

im 'provement

co'mmunicate
  dis'cuss govern

delvelop
  ex' plain

de
  cide enjoy
'organize

em' ploy

•science
  friend

'danger
  use help

care
  noise industry am 'bition

happy
'different

special

2
Complete the
sentences with one of the words from exercise I.
I My
English  a lot after I lived in London for a month. 2 I have two     in life. I want to be
rich, and I want to be famous.
3
'I'm
going to work hard from now on.' 'That's a very good

4
There are manybetween my two children. They aren't
similar at all.
5
Thank you for your
advice. It was very
6
I like Italian
people. They're very kind and
7
The
United Nations is an international

8
I asked the
teacher for help, but unfortunately, I didn't understand his
9
Motor racing is a
very       sport.
10
Fish soup is a        of
this area. You must try it.

I l I'm having a party
on Saturday, and I'd like toyou.
12 This is the part of my town. There are lots of factories and businesses.
3
•
Making negatives
3 We
can make adjectives and verbs negative by using these prefixes.

adjectives

un-

im-

in-

il-

verbs

un-

dis-

Complete the sentences,
using a word from the box and a prefix.

I
Don't go into my bedroom. It's really

2     I can't do maths. For me, it's an subject.
3     I don't        fish. I just prefer
meat.
4     It's very     to ask someone

how much they earn.
5     When we arrived at the hotel, we our
suitcases. for two years. Then
I got a job in an office.
7       'I think learning languages is
stupid.'
 .
I think it's a good idea.'
8       The thief stole my bag, ran into the
crowd andI never saw
him again.
9       Cannabis is an drug in many countries.
10   You gave her more money than me!
That's

EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
Time expressions
"Febr
                                                                                4             7
                                                                            6       7
8 9 1 11            3         10      6 7 8               Il ?
                                                                                11                   15
16 17
27                    12              1 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 3 31
I There are two ways of saying dates. What are they?
     8/1/98         16/7/85         25/11/02

T 3.7

Listen and check.
29:Fe
'ary-
Look at the same dates in written American English. What's
the difference?
     1/8/98         7/16/85         11/25/02

T 3.8

Listen and check.

2 Practise these dates. They are in British English.
4 June 5 August 31 July I March 3
February
21/1/1988
2/12/1996 5/4/1980 11/6/1965 18/10/2000 31/1/2005

T 3.9

Listen and check.
What days are national holidays in your country?
3 Complete these time expressions with at, on, in, or no
preposition.
six o'clock Saturday  1995
last night        December               the weekend Monday morning              summer   two
weeks ago the evening  yesterday evening   January 18

Grammar Reference 3.4 pm.

4 Ask and
  answer the questions with a partner.

March Mars März Mar-zo MÐJ

I Do you know exactly when you were born?
13
Monday Landi
I was born at two o'clock in
Wednesday, the twenty-fifth
2 When did you last ?
•
go to the cinema     •
goto a party  play a sport              • do an exam
•
give someone a
present        • see a lot of snow
•
have a holiday        •
clean your teeth
•
watch TV • catch
a plane
3

much/many
  • some/any • a few, a little, a lot of • Articles • Shopping • Prices

Let's
go shopping!
Play
the alphabet game with things you can buy. Continue around the class.
A
Yesterday
I went shopping and I bought an apple.
B
Yesterday
I went shopping and I bought an apple and some bread. C Yesterday I went
shopping and I bought an apple, some bread, and a car. D Yesterday
THE WEEKEND SHOP
Quantity
 Sarah and Vicky are two students who
share a flat. It is Saturday morning, and Sarah has written a shopping list.
Read and listen to
their conversation.
V It says here milk. How
much milk do we need?
S Two pints.
V And eggs? How many eggs?
S A dozen.
V And what about potatoes?
How many potatoes?
S A kilo's enough.
V And butter? How much? S
Just one packet.

Can we count milk (one
  milk, two milks) ?
Can we count eggs (one
  egg, two eggs) ?
When do we say How much ?
  When do we say How many...
Grammar Reference 4.1 p133

2 Match these quantities
with the shopping list.

a
  bottle of red     six cans just one white loaf six pork ones 200g of Cheddar four
  big ones four packets

Continue the conversation
with a partner.
4
Let's

T 4.2 Read and listen to
the rest of the conversation. V Do we need anything else?
S Let's have a
look. We've got some apples, but there aren't any grapes. And there isn't any
coffee, but we've got some tea.
V Is there any orange juice left, or did somebody
finish it?
S There's a little, but there isn't much, so we need some
more. V And vegetables? Have we got many vegetables?
S Well, I can see a few carrots, but there aren't
many onions.
V Oh, and don't forget we need a lot of crisps. My
nephews are coming tomorrow!
S Right, then. I think that's everything.
Let's go! By the way, how much money have you got?
GRAMMAR SPOT
Find seven count nouns (CNS) and four
uncount nouns (UNs) in the conversation. 2 Tick (v/ ) the correct columns.

We use
some any much many a lot/lots of a few a
  little

with CNS

with UNS

in positive sentences

in questions
/(sometimes)

in negative sentences

3

Look at the forms of
  something/someone, etc.

The rules are the same as for some
  and any.

thing some

Find two examples in the conversation in

one/body any

exercise

where

3.
Grammar Reference 4.1 p133
PRACTICE
Discussing grammar

I Complete the sentences with some or any.
1   Have
you got       brothers or sisters?
2   We
don't need      olive oil. 3 Here are     letters for you.
4
1 need     money.
5
Is there    petrol in the car?
2
Complete the sentences with much or many.
     I Have you
got           homework?
2    We don't
need      eggs. Just half a dozen.
3    Is there    traffic
in your town?
4    1 don't
know        students in this class. 5 HOW   people live in your house?
3
Complete the sentences with a little, a few, or a lot of
1    I have      close
friends. Two or three.
2    He has     money.
He's a millionaire.
3    'Do you
take sugar in coffee?' 'Just . Half a spoonful.' 4 'Have you got CDs?'
'Hundreds.' 5 I'll be ready in minutes.
     6 She
speaks good Spanish, but only           Russian.

4
Let's
Questions and answers
4 Look
at Sarah and Vicky's bathroom. Ask and answer questions with a partner about
these things:
•
make-up        •
toothbrushes       • hairbrushes
•

shampoo      •
toothpaste          towels • toilet paper       •
bottles of perfume

           4     Lees

MY UNCLE'S A SHOPKEEPER
Articles
rd.

T
  4.4

Read and listen to the text.

GRAMMAR SPOT

1      Find
  examples of the definite article (the) and the indefinite article (azan).
2
  Find examples of when there is no article.
Grammar Reference 4.2 p133

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
I In pairs, find one mistake in each sentence.
He's
postman, so he has breakfast at 4 a.m.
2    The love
is more important than money.
3    I come to
the school by bus.
4    I'm
reading one good book at the moment.
5    'Where's
Jack?' 'In a kitchen.'
6    I live in
centre of town, near the hospital.
7    My
parents bought the lovely house in the country.
8    I don't
eat the bread because I don't like it.
2 Complete the sentences with a/an, the, or nothing.
I I have two children, boy and girl. boy
is twenty-two and girl is nineteen.
2    Mike is   soldier
in         Army, and Chloë is at   university.
3    My wife
goes to  work by train. She's     accountant. I don't have job. I stay at    home
and look after  children.
4    What
lovely day! Why don't we go for picnic in park?
5    'What did
you have for   lunch?' 'Just sandwich.'
y
uncle's a shopkeeper. He has a shop in an old village by the River Thames near
Oxford. The shop sells a lot of things bread, milk, fruit, vegetables,
newspapers — almost everything! It is also the village post office. The
children in the village always stop to spend a few pence on sweets or icecream
on their way home from school.
My uncle doesn't often leave the village. He hasn't got
a car, so once a month he goes by bus to Oxford and has lunch at the Grand
Hotel with some friends. He is onc of the happiest men I know.
                                                                          4      Lees

READING
The best shopping
street in the world
I Match a famous shopping street with a
town, a store, and a product.

Street

Town

Store

Product

Oxford Street
Champs-Elysées
Fifth Avenue
Via Montenapoleone

Milan
New York
London
Paris

Guerlain
Marks and Spencer
Gucci
Tiffany's

underwear and jumpers leather goods jewellery perfume

2
Read the headline and the introduction of the newspaper article.
Does anything surprise you? What do you want to find out when you read the
article? Write some questions.
3
Read the article quickly and answer the questions you have
written.
What is the best summary of the article?
Nowy
Swiat is the best shopping street in the world because . so many Polish people go walking
there.
it is a pleasant place to shop and the shops are small. everything is very expensive and very
exclusive.
. the shops sell quality goods that you can't buy anywhere else.
4
Read the article again and answer the questions.
 How do we
know that Nowy Šwiat is the most popular shopping street?
2     Why
is it such a nice place to go shopping?
3     What can
you see in the photos that is described in the article?
4     Why don't
many foreign people go to Nowy Šwiat?
5     Why are
the things produced by Polish manufacturers so good?
6     What can
you buy here? What can't you buy?
7     What is
expensive? What isn't expensive?
8     What's
good about Café Blikle?
9     What is
special about the shops in Nowy Šwiat?
Language
work
Complete the
sentences with different ideas from the article.
    In Nowy
Šwiat, there are a lot of         There isn't any .
There aren't any/many . There are some . . . What do you think?
•
What are some of the famous brands and products that you can buy
in many countries of the world? Think of clothes, food, cars . Make a list.
Work in groups and choose the most famous three. Compare your list with the
class.
•
What is the main
shopping street in your town? What can you buy there that's special?
•
Do you enjoy shopping? What do you like shopping for? What don't
you like shopping for?
4 Let's

The best shopping street in
the world
No, it isn't Oxford Street, the Champs-Elysées,
or even Fifth Avenue. A new survey shows that the most popular shopping street
in the world is ... Nowy Šwiat. Where's that? In Warsaw, Poland, of
course. by ANNE APPLEBAUM
8 1f you're tired, stop at Café Blikle!                        'There
are a lot of small, chic shops!

recent
survey has shown that the busiest shopping street in the world is not in
London, New York, or Paris, but in Warsaw. It's called Nowy Šwiat
(pronounced /nDV1 Juat/), which means New World. An incredible 14,000 Poles
walk down this main street every hour.
It is a
lovely place to shop. The pavements are very wide. There are statues, palaces,
attractive town houses, exclusive cafés, and high-class restaurants. The
buildings aren't too tall. They look old, but in fact the whole city was
rebuilt after World War Il. There aren't any billboards or neon lights. There
isn't any loud music, and there aren't many tourists. People think that Polish
shops have nothing to sell, so nobody comes shopping here. The world doesn't
know about this paradise for shoppers — yet.
It is now
possible to buy almost everything in Warsaw. There are a lot of shops from the
West, but the interesting thing is that Polish manufacturers are now producing
high quality goods. They are good because they are not mass produced for world
consumption.
Nowy
Šwiat has a lot of small shops, specialist shops, and chic shops. It
hasn't got the huge department stores that sell the same things everywhere.
If you
want an exquisite handmade suit, Nowy Šwiat is the place to go. It isn't
cheap. You will pay up to £1,000. For beautiful French baby clothes, go
to Petit Bateau. You will pay £50 for a pair of blue jeans for a baby. A
dress for a baby girl is about £90. At Désa, a famous antique
shop, a desk costs £5,000, and a 19th century Russian icon is £200.
Not
everything is expensive. At the shop Pantera you can buy leather goods —
handbags, purses, coats, and belts. Cepelia specializes in folk art. There are
also book shops and record shops. And there are a lot of small boutiques that
sell men's and women's clothes that aren't too expensive.
If
you're tired, stop at Café Blikle. This is a fashionable place to meet.
You'll find a lively atmosphere, and a lot of well-known Poles. The frozen
yoghurt and ice-creams are excellent, and its famous doughnuts are delicious.
It is
possible to travel the world and find the same things for sale in every
country. But Warsaw is different because its shops are unique — and they're in
Nowy Šwiat.
Unit 4 Let's

LISTENING

a clothes shop

a chemist's

a café

a bank

a newsagent's

Answer the questions.

T
  4.5

VOCABULARY AND E'
Buying things
I What
can you buy or do in1 these places? Write two things for each place.
Compare your
ideas with the class.
2Listen to the
conversations.

I Where are the
conversations taking place? Choose from the places in exercise I.
2     What does the customer want?
3     Can the shop assistant/cashier help?
4     How much does the customer pay?
3 Complete these lines from the
conversations. Look at the tapescript on p64 and check your answers.                              2

      I A Hello. Can I help you?                                                                            3
A Hello. 1help
me. I've got a bad
                                       , thanks.                                                                      cold
and a sore throat. Can you
B OK. You can take
these three times a day.
         B I'm looking for a jumper                                                                          A
Thank you.  some
tissues
3
B I like it.
please?

B
Espresso? B How much is it?
A
Yes, please. Oh, and a doughnut, please. A £39.99.
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Prices and shopping

I Look at
the way we write and say prices in British and American English. Practise
saying them.

British English

American English

Written
50p
£1.99
£16,40

Spoken a pound fifty p one pound ninety-nine sixteen
  pounds forty

Written
$1

Spoken
  a dollar fifty cents a quarter a dime

T
  4.6

Listen to the
conversations and write the numbers you hear.
2 What's the exchange rate
between sterling/US dollars and your currency?

What do you want to do?

Verb
  patterns I • Future forms • Hot verbs • How do you feel?

STARTER                        Complete
these sentences with ideas about you.
•
One
day I want to              • Right now, I'd like to .     I enjoy    because I
like
•
I
can but l can't   • Tonight I'm going to
HOPES AND AMBITIONS
Verb patterns 1
I Match the people with their hopes and
ambitions.
1 C] I'd like to have my own business, something like a
flying school.              Sea 2 C] I'm going to be an astronaut and fly to
Mars.
3
I'm
looking forward to having more time to do the things I want to do.
4
I
would love to have one of my plays performed on the London stage. 5           We
hope to find work as we go round the world.
6
Cl We're thinking of moving, because the kids will be leaving home soon.
Listen and check.
2
Complete the
chart.

Ambitions/PIans

Reasons

Sean

Mel

Justin

Martyn

Amy

Alison

3
Underline the examples of verb + verb in exercise I. I'd like
to have my own business . . .
Look at the tapescript on p120. Find
more examples of verb + verb.
Vhúr+qn,
PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
I
In these sentences, one or two verbs are correct, but not all three. Tick (V)
the correct verbs.
1
1        to live
in a hot country.
a
C]
want b C] enjoy c Cl 'd like
2
We   going to
Italy for our holidays.
a
[2
are hoping b 're thinking of c C] tike 3 1 go home early tonight.
a
want b C] like c C] can 4 1 to see you again soon.
a
hope b C) 'd like c [2 'm looking forward 5 Do you learning English?
a a want b Cl enjoy c a like
                                                                            6 We             having a few days off
soon.
a
[2 'rethinking of b C] 'd love to c [2 're looking forward to
Make correct sentences
with the other verbs.
Making questions
2
Complete the
questions.
I
A I hope to go to university,
B (What/want/study?)
2 A One of my favourite
hobbies is cooking.
B (What/like/make?)
3
A I get terrible
headaches.
B
(When/start/get/them?)

4
A We're planning
our summer holidays at the moment. B (Where/think/go?) 5 A I'm tired.
B (What/like/do/tonight?)

T
  5.2

Listen
and check. What are A's answers? Practise the conversations with a partner.
Talking about you
Ask and answer the
questions with a partner.
•
What
do you like doing on holiday?
•
Where
would you like to be right now?
•
Do
you like learning English?
•
Would
you like to learn any other languages?
•
Would
you like to have a break now?
4 Ask and
answer questions about your plans and ambitions.

FUTURE INTENTIONS going to and will
I Match the
pictures and sentences.                                                                                1
I C] They're
going to watch a football match.
2    Cl I'll pick it
up for you.
3    C] She's
going to travel round the2 world.
4    C] It's OK. I'll
answer it.
5    C] Don't worry.
I'll lend you some. 6 C] We're going out to have a meal.
2 Add a line
before and after the sentences in exercise l.
Before

I
haven't got any money.
What's Ali doing next year?
The phone's ringing.
Damn! I've dropped one.
What
are you and Pete doing tonight?
What
are the lads doing this afternoon?
After
Thank
you. Thats very kind.
I'm
expecting a catt.
Thanks. I'll pay you back tomorrow. I won't forget.
Lucky
her!
Arsenal are playing at home. It's my birthday.
e

T
  5.3

Listen and check.
Practise the conversations with a partner.

GRAMMAR SPOT

I Notice the forms of will.
I'll = short form
I won't = negative short
  form
2 All the sentences in
  exercise express intentions. Three intentions are spontaneous. Which are
  they? Three of the intentions are premeditated. What happened before each
  one?
Grammar Reference 5.3 p134

PRACTICE
Let's have a party!
I Your class
has decided to have a party. Everyone must help. Say what you'll do.
I'll
bring the music.
I'll buy some crisps.
2 Your
teacher didn't hear what you said. Listen to your teacher and correct him/her.
Teacher    You
Right. I'll bring some music.
No, I'm going to bring some music!
Oh, all right. well, I'll buy some crisps. No, no. I'm going to buy some
crisps!
Discussing grammar
Choose the correct verb form.
I 'My
bag is so heavy.'
'Give it to me. I'll carry / I'm going to
carry it for you.'
2
I bought some warm boots because I'll go / I'm going skiing.
3
'Tony's back from holiday.'
'Is he? I'll give / I'm going to give him
a ring.'
4
'What are you doing tonight?'
'We'll see / we're going to see a play at
the theatre.'
5
You can tell me your secret. I won't tell / I'm not going to tell
anyone.

6
  Congratulations! I hear you'll get married / you're going to
  get married.
7
  'I need to post these letters.'
I'll go /
  I'm going shopping soon. I'll post / I'm going to post them for you.'

8 'Now, holidays. Where will you go / are you going this
  year? 'We don't know yet.'

Talking
  about you

T 5.4

4Close your
books. Listen to the beginnings of                     6 Talk to a partner
about your plans for tonight, tomorrow,

the conversations. Complete them.

next weekend, your next holiday, Christmas

Check it

What are you doing/going

5 Correct
  these sentences.

to do tonight?

to
  stay at home and . . .

you going
  . . . .

1 What you want drink?      I'm going
2 I have a Coke, please.
3 I can't to help you. Where are 4
It's starting rain.

to see .

I'll .. .

5 I'm looking forward to see you
again soon.           I'm going          1 think 6 I think to change my job
soon.
7 Phone me tonight. I give you my
phone number. 8 I see the doctor tomorrow about my back.
•

READING
Hollywood kids
I What are some of
the problems of being a teenager? Tick (V) the boxes on the left.

u [2 [2
[2
C)
C]
to

drugs violence in the streets don't have enough money
-
parents don't give them enough attention Cl worry about how they look have no
interests or ambitions Cl parents want them to do well in life Cl they're too
old to be children, but too young C] be adults
2
Read the text about Hollywood kids. What are some of their
problems? Tick (V) the boxes on the right. Are there any differences?
3
Are these sentences true G/ ) or false (X)? Correct the false
sentences.
I
Everybody in Hollywood is rich and famous.
2
Hollywood kids don't lead ordinary lives.
3
They understand the value of what they have.
4
Trent Maguire is spoilt and ambitious.
5
The adults try hard to be good parents.
6
Amanda's mother listens to all her daughter's problems.
7
The kids are often home alone.
8
Their parents organize every part of their lives.
9
The kids don't want to be children.
10
All the kids complain about living in Hollywood.
4
Answer the questions.
I
In what ways do Trent, Amanda, Emily, and Lindsey live
unreal lives?
2     Does
anything surprise you in what the kids say?

Hollywood

I

3     What are
their ambitions?
What do you think?
•
Do you feel sorry for children in Hollywood? Is there anything
about their lives that you would like?
•
What is your opinion of their parents?
•
Do teenagers around the world think the same as Hollywood
kids?
•
Do you think it is dangerous to have everything you want?
n Hollywood,
everybody wants to be rich, famous, and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old,
unknown, and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult because they grow
up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious, and the children
are part of the parents' ambitions.
Parents pay for
extravagant parties, expensive cars, and designer clothes. When every dream can
come true, kids learn the value of nothing because they have everything. A
13-year-old boy, Trent Maguire, has a driver, credit cards, and unlimited cash
to do what he wants when he wants. 'One day, I'll earn more than my Dad,' he
boasts.
Parents buy care and attention for their children because they have no
time to give it themselves. Amanda's mother employs a personal trainer, a
nutritionist, a bodyguard/ chauffeur, a singing coach, and a counsellor to look
after all her 15-year-old daughter's needs.
Often there is no parent at home most days, so children decide whether to
make their own meals or go out to restaurants, when to watch television or do
homework. They organize their own social lives. They play no childhood games.
They become adults before they're ready.
Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids in L.A. live unreal
lives where money, beauty, and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around
the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already?
Looks are very important in Hollywood. If you're
good-looking, you'll go far. I want to be a beautician. You grow up really fast
in L.A. Everyone is in a rush to be an adult, to be going to clubs. It's not
cool to be a kid.        Mijanou, aged 18
d kids
n   Los Angeles ain't easy
Il I live in a
hotel
It
and when I come re. home from school, re there are maybe 80 people who say
'Good day' to me.
cls It's
their job to say that. In the bathroom there are mirrors everywhere. I love
looking at er myself. I can spend five hours doing my hair and posing.
I'm going
to
to
be a model.
ey
Emily, aged 10
in to
to
I've wanted to get my nose done since I was 12.
My friends started having plastic surgery and liposuction during my freshman
year of high school. My nose cost $10,000. But it was worth it. It changed my
life. I'm gonna get into the movies.
Lindsey, aged 18
Everyone thinks Hollywood is so
glamorous, but I have news for you. It is really dangerous growing up in
LIA. People have guns. Sometimes think I'm going crazy. I'm gdi o get
out of here just-as soon as I can. Zavier, aged 18
•

VOCABULARY                                                LISTENING
Hot verbs — have, go, come                                            You've
got a friend

have

come

.
  they have no time ..
I
  have news for you.

You'll go far.
I'm
  going crazy.

Every dream can
  come true.
.
  come home from school .

2     Your boyfriend/girlfriend
3
Your
ex-boyfriend/girlfriend
I'll
love you forever.
C]
I'll never forget you.
C]
I'll always be there for you.

I The verbs have, go, and come are
  very common in English.

I

Who says these things? Write I, 2,
  or 3 in the boxes.

1

Look
  at these examples from the text on p42—3.

I
  Your best friend

When
  you're down and troubled

And
  you need a
And nothing, but
Close
  your eyes and think of me
And goon I
To brighten up even your darkest
  nights. (Chorus)
You
  just call out MY name,

2

       I'll just                  and tell
  him

and
  you know wherever I am

ryou're here.

to
  gee you again.

6                      on! Get out
  of

Winter,
  spring,

bed.
  It's time

All you have to do ig call

•to
  school.

And
  I'll be there, yeah, yeah, yeah,

les
  a lovely day.

You

3

      Let's                 to the

If
  the sky above you

park.
  We can

and
  full of clouds

a
  picnic.

And
  that old north

4•I'm                     skiing

Keep
  your head together

.               week.

And

      you A              any ski

And
  goon I'll be knocking on your door.

'S
  clothes Lcould borrow?

    Hey,                            that
  you've got a friend?
People
  can be go cold and desert you
Well they'll take your
  goul if you let them
Oh,
  yeah, but
(Chorus)

C] I'll always remember the times we had
together.

2 Put have, go, or come
  into each gap.
                an accident                          a
  cold

Cl I'll do anything for
  you.
C] You'll never find
  anyone who loves you more than I do.

                first in a race                       wrong

2

Listen to the first verse of the
  song. Discuss these

                out for a meal                    a
  meeting

questions.

                and see me                          abroad

1 Do you think the man and woman
  live together? 2 Is it a close relationship?

shopping

3
  What is the relationship between them now? What do

3 Complete the sentences with the
  correct form of have

you think it was in the
  past?

T
  5.5

(or have got), go, or
come.Listen and complete the song.
    We're                a party next
Saturday. Would you like
You've got a friend, by Carole King
2
1              a
terrible headache. Can I            home, please?
3
You must see my
new flat. round and a drink some time.
4
out now, Mum.
Bye!' 'OK.
    good time. What time are you                home?'
5
Hi, Dave. Pete    a
shower at the moment.

ye

Tell me! What's it like?

What...
  like? • Comparatives and superlatives • Synonyms and antonyms • Directions

STARTER                 1 What is the
capital city of your country? What is the population? Is it an old or modern
city?

travelling on the buses in London
  but I the Underground, it's too expensive.

2
Write down two things and two that things you likethat I don't like like about
your capital you don't tike. Tetl the class.
WORLD TRAVEL

What's
  it like?

TODD BRIDGES

I Read about Todd Bridges.

.1

2
What do you know
about Melbourne, Dubai, and Paris? Where are they?
3
Listen
to what Todd says about them.
Write the
adjectives he uses for each city. Compare with a partner.

GRAMMAR SPOT

I
  Match the questions and answers.
Ifs
  beautiful.
Do you like Paris? Yes, I
  do.
What's
  Paris like?      got lots of old buildings. No, I don't.
2
  Which question in 1 means: Tell me about Paris.
Grammar
  Reference 6.1 pB5

4
Work with a
partner. Ask and answer questions about the places Todd visited.

Melbourne like?

What's It's

are
  . . .

.
  . ,

Todd BridgeS is only
seventeen years old but he is already a successful tennis player. He comes
from There
Chicago,
USA, but he travels all over the world
It's
got
playing
tennis. Last year he played in tennis championships in
Melbourne Dubai, and Paris
6

PRACTICE
What's Chicago like?
1     You
are asking Todd about Chicago. Complete the questions with is or are and the
correct words from the box.

the
  restaurants the people the night-life the buildings

You What 's
the weather like?
Todd Well, Chicago's
called 'the windy city' and it really can be windy!
2     You What   like?
Todd They're very
interesting. You meet people from all over the world.
3     You What   like?
Todd A lot Of them
are very, very tall. The Sears Tower is 110 storeys high.
4     You What   like?
Todd They're very
good. You can find food from every country in the world.
5     You What   like?

T
  6.2

Todd Oh, it's wonderful. There's lots to do in Chicago. 2Listen and
check. Practise with a partner.
3 Ask and answer the
same questions about the town or city you are In now.
BIG, BIGGER, BIGGEST!
Comparatives and superlatives
I Read the second part
of the conversation with Todd. He compares the places he visited last year. Can
you complete any of the sentences?
ELBOUR
SWAN
Melbourne was interesting, but for
me,
               Paris
was                   interesting
Melbourne, and in some ways Dubai was the interesting of
all because it was so different any other place I know. It was also the driest,
and             modern. It was hot in Melbourne but not            hot         in
Dubai. Dubai was        hotter! Melbourne is older       Dubai but not    old
Paris. Paris was         oldest city I visited, but it has some great modern
buildings, too. It was the           romantic place. I loved it.
   IJBAI                                                          PARIS

T
  6.3

Listen and check.

GRAMMAR SPOT

I What are the comparative
  and superlative forms of the following adjectives? What are the rules?
a small              c
  busy cold          noisy near             dry b big d beautiful hot  interesting
  wet          exciting
2    These
  adjectives are irregular. What are the comparative and superlative forms?

far

good

bad

3    Adjectives
  also combine with as           . as. Melbourne isn't as
  cosmopolitan as Chicago.
Grammar Reference 6.2 p135

T
  6.4

T
  6.5

2Listen and
repeat the sentences.
/hota ðan/
This
summerS hotter than last.
/az hot azi
It wasn't as hot as this last year.
3     Practise
these sentences with a partner. It isn't as cold today as it was
yesterda½ But it's colder than it was last week.  I'm
not as tall as you, but I'm taller than Anna. This car's more expensive than
JohrK But it isn't as expensive as Anna's.
Listen and check.
4     Learn this poem by heart. Good,
better, best.
Never,
never rest 'til your good is better, And your better best.
6
LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Conversations
5
Work with a partner and continue these conversations.
 A
I moved to a new flat last week.
B Oh, really? What's it like?
A Well, it's bigger than my old one
but it isn't as modern, and .
2
A I hear Sandy and Al broke up.
B
Yeah. Sandy's got a new boyfriend.
A
Oh,
really? What's he like?
B
Well,
he'sthan Al, and .
3
A We have a new teacher.
B Oh, really? What's she like?
A Well, I think she's theteacher we've ever had .
4
A Is that your new car?
B Well, it's second-hand, but it's new
to me.
A    What's it like?
B    Well,
it'sthan my old car .
Act
out a conversation to the class. Whose is the longest?

T
  6.6

Listen and compare. Repeat the last lines.
Check
it
6 Correct these sentences.
I
He's more older than he looks.
2    Jessica's as tall than her mother.
3    What does New York like?' 'It's really
exciting! '
4    Trains in London are more crowded that
in Paris.
5    Oxford is one of oldest universities
in Europe.
6    He isn't as intelligent than his
sister.
7    This is more hard than I expected. 8
Who is the most rich man in the world?
9
Everything
is more cheap in my country.
10
Rome
was hotter that I expected.

Living in another country
1   What do you know about Sweden? What is
the country like? What are the people like? Discuss these statements about
Sweden. Do you think
they
are true (V) or false (X)?
I
In winter there is only one hour of daylight.
2   Swedish people look forward to winter.
3   The houses are cold.
4
The houses are much better insulated than in Britain.
5       In parts of Sweden from May to July
the sun never sets.
6       Londoners work longer hours than the
Swedes.
7       Swedes always start work early in the
morning.
8       Country cottages in Sweden are usually
very luxurious.
9       All houses have a sauna.
10   The whole family like to sit in the
sauna together.

T
  6.7

2You
are going to listen to Jane Bland talking to her friend, Fran, about her life
in Sweden. Jane comes from London, but three years ago she married a Swede and
went to live and work in Stockholm. Listen and check your answers to exercise
I.
3 Compare your country with what you
learned about Sweden. lh MY country it gets dark at five o'clock in winter, and
it's Much warmer.

READING
AND SPEAKING
A tale of two millionaires

Verbs

Nouns

buy spoil wear open live in inherit
  make arrest invest amputate

a bank
  account poverty a thief a will stocks and shares a child a leg ragged clothes
  a lot of money from someone a lot of money in something

I Who are
the richest people in your country? Where does their money come from? How do
they spend their money?
2
Match the verbs and nouns. Many of them are to do with money.
3
You are going to read about two millionaires. One was very mean,
the other very generous. First read quickly about Milton Petrie. Can you
remember any examples of his kindness?
4

Now read quickly about Hetty Green. Can you remember any examples of
her meanness?
5
Read one text more carefully, then answer the questions with a
partner who read the other text.
1 When were Milton and Hetty born?
2     What were
their parents like?
3     How did
Milton and Hetty become so wealthy?
4     Who wore
ragged clothes?
5     What was
the meanest thing Hetty did?
6     Why did
Milton like making a lot of money?
7     Who did
they marry?
8     When did
they die? How old were they?
9     Who left
the most money? Who did they leave it to?
What do you think?
Discuss these questions in small groups.
•
How were Milton
and childhoods different? • How did their childhoods affect them later?
•
Why was Milton
especially generous to policemen?
•
Why did Hettyk
daughter build a hospital?
•
What was the
kindest thing Milton did?
•
Who had the
happier life? Milton or Hetty?
6
ires spend
it and some save it. Elizabeth Wilson reports on one of each.

t he er.
The old
man was just one of many people that Milton Petrie helped with his money.
Whenever he read about personal disasters in his newspaper Petrie sent generous
cheques, especially to the families of policemen or firemen injured at work. He
also sent cheques to a mother who lost five children in a fire, and a beautiful
model, whose face was cut in a knife attack. It cost him millions of dollars,
but he still had millions left. He said that he was lucky in business and he
wanted to help those less fortunate than himself. 'The nice thing is; the
harder I work, the more money I make, and the more people I can help.' Milton
Petrie died in 1994, when he was 92. His will was 120 pages long because he
left $150 million to 383 people. His widow, Carroll, his fourth and last wife,
said his generosity was a result of the poverty of his early years. His family
were poor but kindhearted. His father was a Russian immigrant who became a
policeman, but he never arrested anyone, he was too kind. He couldn't even give
a parking ticket.
Hefty Green
The
Richest, Meanest Woman in the World
enrietta (Hetty) Green was a very spoilt, only child. She was born in
Massachusetts, USA, in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her
mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him
to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started
reading the daily financial newspapers and she opened her own bank account.
Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited $7.5 million. She went
to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the
cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated
women in the world. She was called 'The Witch of Wall Street'. At 33 she
married Edward Green, a multimillionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.
Hetty's meanness was legendary. She always argued about prices in shops.
She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken cookies (biscuits) which
were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much-loved dog, Dewey. Once
she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought
clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when
her son Ned fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and
spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned's leg was amputated.
When she died in 1916 she left her children $100 million (worth $9.3
billion today). Her daughter built a hospital with her money.
VOCABULARY
AND PRONUNCIATION
Synonyms
I We often use
synonyms in conversation because we don't want to repeat words.

day
  today!

Yes,

really beautiful.

It's a lovely
it's
Complete the conversations, using an
adjective of similar meaning from the box.

fed up generous brilliant messy

modern wealthy

1
iMary's family is very rich.'
I knew her uncle was very
2
'Look at all these new buildings!'
        'Yes. Paris is much more             than
I expected.'
3
'Wasn't that film wonderful!'
'Yes,
it was
4
'George doesn't earn much money, but he's so kind.' is, isn't he?
He's one of the most    people I know.'
5
'Ann's bedroom's really untidy again!' 'Is it? I told her it was
yesterday, and she promised to clean it.'
6
'I'm bored with
this lesson!'
         'I
know, I'm really             with it, too!'

T 6.8

2Listen and check. Listen again, paying particular
attention to the stress and intonation. Practise the conversations with a
partner.
6
Antonyms
3
We can also use antonyms in conversation to avoid repeating
words.

What an
  awful meal!

wasn't was
  it?

Yes, it very nice,
Match the following adjectives with their
two opposites inocrcise 1.
interested      bored      fed up horrible mean old poor tidy
4
Sometimes it is more polite to use not very and an opposite
adjective.
Tom's so short.        Well, he's
not very tall. He always wears such   They certainly dirty clothes.     aren't
very clean.
Reply to these sentences. Be more polite.
I London's such an expensive city.
2
Paul and Sue are so mean.
3
Their house is always so messy.
4
Their children are so noisy.
5
John looks so miserable. 6 His sister's so stupid.

T 6.9

5Listen and check. Pay particular attention to the
stress and intonation. Practise the conversations with your partner.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Directions
I Look at the map of
Chesswoodand find these things:
• a
farm • a wood                a pond       • a path       • a hill      • a
river       • a bridge     • agate
                                                                      Lo               goad
O"ioe.,

S
2 Read
these descriptions and add the places to the map.
1   The
hotel is opposite the car park.
2   The bank is on the corner of Lower
Road and Hill Road. It is next to the baker's.
3   The supermarket is between the
chemist's and the greengrocer's.
4   There is a bus stop in front of the
flower shop in Station Road.
5   There are two pubs. The Red Lion is in
Station Road, opposite the flower shop near the railway bridge, and the Old
Shepherd is in Church Street, behind the school.
    Sta                                                              ereen
S+ree±
3
Ask and answer
questions about the places on the map. Use the prepositions from exercise 2.

Road
  and flower shop.

the

Where's It's
on the corner of Station library? Green Street, opposite the
4
Complete the
directions from Chesswood farm to the church with the prepositions in the box.
Look at the map to help you.

up
down over past through out of (x2) in(to) across

You go
the path, the pond, the bridge, and the gate. Then you go the road and take the
path the wood. When you come the wood you walk the path and the church. It
takes five minutes. Listen and check.
5
Give your partner
directions to get to your house from your school.

Unit 6
Famous couples

Present Perfect • for, since •
Adverbs, word pairs • Short answers

STARTER          What is the Past Simple and the past
participle of these verbs?
write be sell win have read do eat know break
FAMOUS WRITERS
Present Perfect and Past Simple                                                   ANTHONY
TROLLOPE (1815—1882)
1
Look at the photographs of two well-known English writers. How do
you think they are related?
Complete the sentences with He or She.
wrote novels about Victorian life.
writes novels about modern people and their relationships.
2
wrote 47 novels,
travel books, biographies, and short stories. has written over twenty novels.
started writing in her thirties.
3
has lived in the
west of England for forty years. lived in Ireland for eighteen years.
4
has been married
twice, and has two daughters. married for the first time in 1966. was married
and had two sons.
Listen and check. Practise the sentences.

GRAMMAR SPOT

I Find examples of the Past Simple
  in sentences 1—4. Find examples of the Present Perfect.
2
  Complete the
  rule.
We make the Present Perfect with the
  auxiliary verb + the
3
  Why are
  different tenses used in these sentences?
Anthony Trollope wrote forty-seven
  novels. Joanna Trollope has written twenty novels.
Grammar Reference 7.1 and 7.2 p136

OXFORD WORLD'S
CLASSICS
ANTHONY TROLLOPE
RACHEL RAY
ANTHONY
TROLLOPE
PHINEAS FINN
ANTIn"
7

2   Put the verbs
in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
I Anthony Trollope (travel) to South
Africa, Australia, Egypt, and the West Indies. Joanna Trollope (travel) to many
parts of the world.
2    She (win)
many awards, and several of her stories (appear) on TV.
3    Her first
book        (come) out in 1980. Since then, she (sell) more than 5 million
copies.
4    She           (go)
to school in the south of England, and (study) English at Oxford University,
but she (live) in the country for most of her life.
5    She
writes her books by hand. She (have) the same pen since 1995.
Listen
and check.

                    I
  For forty years.                5 In 1980.

                   2
  English,        study , ?) 6 Twice, (How many times , , ,

                    3
  More than twenty.           7 Yes, two daughters.       children?)

                   4
  Over five million.            8 Since 1995.

T 7.3

Listen and check.

COUSIN

JOANNA
  TROLLOPE (1943— )

OANNA
ROLLOPE
THE MEN AND
  THE GlkLS
(DANNA
OLLOPE
RECTOR'S WIFE

3   Here are the
answers to some questions about Joanna. What are the questions?
TROLLOPE
NEXT OFKIN
PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
I Choose the correct verb form.
Have you ever been / Did you ever go to a rock concert?
2
I saw / have seen The Flash last week.
3
I love rock and roll. I like / have liked it all my life.
4
The Flash's concert was / has been fantastic.
5
I have bought / bought all their records since then.
6
The Flash have been / are together for over fifteen years.
Find someone who .
2 Your teacher will give you a card which begins
Find someone who .

Find someone who has been to
    China.

Decide on the question, beginning
Have you ever . Stand up, and ask everyone in the class.
Ask questions to find out more.

did you do in China?

What

people
  like?

What
were the

did you go?

Where

enjoy it?

Did
you

you there?

How long were
Report back to the class.

has been to China.

No one

have been to China.

Pierre and Sophie
                                 Unit
7 • Famous couples  55

for and since
4
Complete the time
expressions with for or since,

1                 a year

4                 nine o'clock

7            months

2                 half an hour

5           I
  was a student

8                 1999

3                August

6                 a couple of days

2

5
Match a line in A
and B and a sentence in C. There is more than one answer.
c

            I've
  known my best friend              from 1988 to 1996.

not bad. I quite like it.

        2 I
  last went to the cinema                  for an hour.

I went camping with some
  friends.

        3
  I've had this watch                             two weeks ago.

We met when we were 10.

        4
  We've used this book                       since 1985.

I really need a cup of
  coffee.

        5 We
  lived in our old flat                    since the beginning of term.

My Dad gave it to me for
  my birthday.

          6
  We haven't had a break                       for years.

We moved because we needed
  somewhere bigger.

        7
  I last had a holiday                            for three years.

The
  film was rubbish.

        8 This building has been a school       in
  1999.
T 7.4 Listen and check. Make similar
  sentences about you.
Asking
  questions

Before that it was an
  office.

6 Complete the conversation.
What
  tenses are the three questions?
A
  Where  live,
  Olga?
B
  In a flat near
  the park. A How long there?
B For
  three years.
     A And why                    move?

3

B
  We wanted to live in a nicer area.

muct3?

T 7.5 Listen and check.
Practise the conversation with a partner.

7 Make more conversations, using the
  same tenses.

4

                   What
  do?                                           got a car?

know Pete Brown?

            B
  I work .                                         B Yes, I

B Yes, l . . .

            A
  How long                                     A How long . .

A
  How long . .

            B
  For                                                 B Since

B For

           A
  What . . . do before that?          A How much       pay for it?

A Where . , . meet him?

            B
  I worked .                                      B It was

B
  We..

8 With a partner, ask and
answer questions beginning How long .
                  How long have you lived / worked /
known / had . ?                                                                                5
Then get some more information.
        Why did you move?              What
did you do before . . . ?               Where did you meet . ?
7

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
The band Style
I What kinds Of music do you like? If you
could meet your favourite bands or singers, what would you ask them?
             Listen
to an interview with two musicians,                                Guy
Sune and Guy, from the band Style. Put S or
G in columns I and 2. Put v/ or X in column 3.   6
      1 What do they           2
Bands they have         3 Places they
         do in the band?            played
with                    have visited                                                                     Suzie
     C) guitar                       C]
UB40                                Holland
    C] keyboards              C]
Lionel Richie            Cl Hungary
     C] drums                      C]
Phil Collins                Cl America
      Cl harmonica                 Cl
Genesis                         C] Sweden
C] vocalist                  Cl Happy
Mondays C] Japan Cl Bon Jovi            C] Italy a Ace      Australia
Which bands have they played with?
Which countries have they been to?
3 Answer the questions.
I Why do Suzie and Guy feel tired?
2
What have they done this year?
3
Have they had a good time?
4
What was special about the song Mean Street?
5
How many years have they been together?
6
Where do they want to go?
7
What jobs has Guy had? What about Suzie?
(She's worked ) language work
4
Make sentences about Suzie and Guy with the phrases in the boxes.
in April             since 1997 in 1995             about twenty-five two
years ago fifteen years when she left college since he was 17
Ithat tense are the verbs in the
sentences from A? What about B?
5
Ask and answer the questions.
• What/do/before forming Style? • How/meet each other?
          be/to America?                         •
How many records/make?
Roleplay
6 Some of you are
members of a band. Others are journ who are going to interview the band. Your
teacher will give you some ideas. When you are ready, have the
interviewž._dì            -

READING
Celebrity interview
I Which celebrities
are in the news at the moment? Why are they in the news? What have they done?
2
Look at the article from Hi! Magazine. Who is the couple in the
interview? Are there magazines like this in your country? What sort of stories
do they have?
3
Read the article quickly and put these questions in the right
place.
I Have there ever been times when you
have thought 'This relationship isn't working'?
2       Terry, footballers are usually hard,
but you seem very sensitive. Why is this?
3       You're both terribly busy in your
separate careers. How do you find time to be together?
4       How did you two meet?
5       How do you find being superstars?
4
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1
Why are they famous?
2
They are both successful in their careers. What have they done?
3
In what ways are they normal people? What is not normal
about their lives? 4 How do you know they're in love?
5
Was it love at first sight?
6
What is their attitude to newspapers and 'other people'?
7
do some people want them to split up?
8
In what way is Terry unusual for a footballer?
5 Work in groups of three. Read the text
aloud.
Language work
6 Choose the correct tense.
1
Donna and Terry are / have been / were together for two years.
2
They like / have liked / liked watching TV on Saturday night.
3
They meet / have met / met after a football match.
4
They have lived / live / lived in their new home since April.
5
Terry is / has been / was in love just once.
Project
7 Buy a magazine like
Hi! and find an interview with a famous couple. Bring it into class and tell
the class about it.
7
THE POP STAR AND THE FOOTBALLEf
DONNA FLYNN & TERRY WISEMAN
TALK TO HI! MAGAZINE ABOUT THEIR
LOVE FOR EACH OTHER
This is the most famous couple in the country. She is pop
star who has had six number one records — m than any other single artist. He
has scored fifty goals Manchester United, and has played for England thirty
times. Together they earn about £20 million a They invited Hi! Magazine
into their luxurious home.
Donna: A lot of the time since we've been together, one o; has been away.
We really have to try hard to be together. We h. both flown all over the world
just to spend a few hours toge Terry: Obviously, people say, 'Oh, you've got
all this money, are you going to spend it on?' But the best thing is that mo
buys us the freedom to be together.
Donna:
It hasn't changed us. We are still the same peo
Newspapers have told terrible stories about us, but it's all lies, Terry:
Our perfect Saturday night is sitting in front of telly with a take-away. Our
favourite programmes are Blind Il and Friends. You won't find photos of us
coming out of p:' and clubs drunk, having spent the night with a whole load
famous people.
Donna says: We are so totally in love. I'm the happiest ever
been.'
Donna: I went to one of his matches because I liked him wanted to meet
him. It's funny, because I'm not really interes in football, so when I met him
after the match, I didn't knoww\ to say to him.
Terry: I'm very shy. We just looked at each other from oppo! sides of the
room. But I said to my mate, 'She's the one for me. i going to marry her/one
day.' Fortunately, she came to anot game, and we started talking then.
Donr
Donna: Not really. Naturally, it's hard when you're away fu- over each other,
but in a way this has made us stronger. since not a
-LER
EIR
e
is the more )als for over a year.
ie of us we have
, what money
!people. es.
Lof the
Date Of pubs load of
iest
I've
and I
ïerested what
posite
I'm other
Jonna and
Terry have been together for just from        two years. They have lived in
their house
April. She
says: 'He has good taste — but
10tas
good as mine!'
ill/
A lot of people would love to see us
split up. People have accused Terry of things Terry: Of course you have to be
prepared to give and take in any relationship. There's a trust between us, and
as long as that's there, we will last.
Terry: It's because this is the first
time I've been in love: I think that when you meet the person that you want to
spend the rest of your life with, you change. You become a softer person.
Donna: We mean the world to each other.
Neither of us will do anything to spoil it.
Terry says:
'She's the only woman I've ever loved.'
VOCABULARY
Adverbs
1
Many adverbs end in -Iy.

slowly
carefully usually

Find some more examples in the text on
p58—9.
2
There are also many adverbs that don't end in
Find these examples in the text.

together
hard still just of course

3
Complete the sentences with one of these adverbs.

at
  last exactly too especially just

1
2     I called
Tom at 10.00 in the morning, but he was in bed.
3     It's our
anniversary today. We've beenfor fifteen years.
4     Kate is
very fussy about food. She           eats pasta and crisps.
5     She was
very illand died, but fortunately, she got better.
4
Complete the sentences with one of these adverbs.
I I like all Russian
novelists, Tolstoy. 2 hate ironing.' 'Me,    . It's so boring.'
3     'Are you
telling me that we have no money?'
. Not a penny.'
4     1 met her
on December 23,          before Christmas.
5I have finished this
exercise. Thank goodness! It was so boring.
7
Word pairs
I There are many
idiomatic expressions which consist of           1 two words joined by and.
Here is an example from the text on p59.
'Of course you have to be prepared
to give and take in any relationship.'
2
Match the words.

ladies
  fish now yes
do's
  up peace safe salt

and

don'ts
  pepper then quiet down chips sound gentlemen no

3
Complete the sentences with one of the expressions.
I 'Do you still
play tennis?' 'Not regularly. Just when I have time.'
2
This is a pretty relaxed place to work. There aren't many
3
Here you are at last! I've been so worried! Thank goodness you've
arrived
4
'Do you like your new job?'         The money's
OK, but I don't like the people.'
5
Sometimes there are too many people in the house. I go into the
garden for a bit of
6
Good evening, . It gives me great pleasure to talk to you all
tonight.
7
How's your Gran?' There are good days, and then not such good
days.'
8
'Here's supper. Careful! It's hot.'   ! Yummy!'
Close your books. Listen to the beginnings
of
the conversations and complete them.

EVERYDAY
E N G L I S H
Short answers

T 7.8

Listen to the
conversations. What's the difference between them? Which sounds more polite?
1
When we answer
Yes/No questions, we often repeat a subject and the auxiliary verb. Yes or No
on its own sounds impolite. Complete these short answers.
                  Do you like
cooking?             Yes, I do
                  Is it raining?                             No,
it
Have you been to France? Yes, I Are you good at chess? No, I
                  Can you speak
Spanish?       Yes, I
2
It also helps a
conversation if you can add more information.
Do you like cooking? Yes, I do, actually, especially Italian food.
2
Complete the short answers. Continue with a line from the speech
bubbles.
   I'm sorry. I haven't got a
penny on me.           Why? What are you doing?
                   I
prefer rock'n'roll.             It was a great game.
I went there last But they give me a
weekend with Frank. lot offreedom, too.

I A Do you like jazz?
B No,
2 A Did you see the football last night?
B Yes,
3
A Have you got change for a pound?
Yes.
B No,
1
4
A Have you tried the new pizza place?
B Yes,
5
A Are your parents quite strict?
B Yes, I suppose
6
A Are you doing anything tonight?
B No,
Choose one or two of the conversations.
Continue them with a partner.
3
Think of questions to ask each other. Use these ideas to help you.
•
Do you .     like/play/go/have
.
Can you . . . ride/speak/run/use . ?
•
Did you . . .
go/have/win/do . . . last night?
•
Have you ever . .
. been/seen/tried/had . . . ?
. going to/good at/afraid of . .
•
Have you got . .
. a car/a CD player/a cat . . .
4   Stand
up and ask your questions. Use short answers in your replies.
5
5
Can.
       Unit7 • Famous couples   61

Do's and don'ts
   STARTER              What's true for you? Make sentences
about your life.
                                  I
have to. . .        I don't have to. .
                                       • get up early every
morning • pay bills • go to school • work at the weekend         • do the
housework
WORK, WORK have (got) to
T 8.1 Listen
to Steven talking about his job. What do you think his job is? Would you like
his job? Why/Why not?
2   Complete the sentences from the
interview with words from the box.

don't have to have
to had to DO you have to didn't have to

11

work very long hours. work at the weekend? do the washing-up.

we

learn the basics.
wait too
  long to get a job.

3   Change the sentences using he. ue has
to work very long hours.

GRAMMAR SPOT

1
  have/have got
  can express possession or an action.
I
  have my own
  flat.
VWve got
  an exam tomorrow.
2
  have/have got •
  infinitive expresses obligation.
He has to work long hours. I've got to go now. Bye!
3
  Write the
  question and negative.
I
  have to get up
  early.
What time        you up early. Put
  the sentence in the past.
        Yesterday I                         up
  early.
Grammar Reference 8.1 p137

STEV N
4 What
are some of the other things Steven has to do?
•
PRACTICE
Pronunciation
Listen to these sentences. What are the different pronunciations of
have/has/had?
I E] I
have a good job. C] I have to work hard.
2 C] He has a nice car. C]She has toget up early. 3 El I had a good time.
El I had to take exams.
Put a—f in front of the sentences according to the pronunciation below.
a /hæz/ b /hæv/ c /hæd/ d /hæf/ e /hæs/ f
/hæt}
Listen
again and repeat.
Jobs
2
Work with a
partner. Choose one of the jobs from the box, but don't tell your partner. Ask
and answer Yes/No questions to find out what the job is.
shop assistant receptionist
taxi-driver artist architect lawyer ambulance driver rhlner dancer soldier
decorator detective vet mechanic dentist housewife farmer plumber firefighter

Doyou ... ?

Do you have to ?

• work inside

• wear a uniform

• earn a lot of money

• use your hands

• work regular hours

• answer the phone

DO you work inside?

Yes, I             I don't.

3   i¶lich of the jobs wouldn't you like
to do? Why?
I wouldn't like to be a farmer because they have to
work outside all year.
Talking about you
4 In groups, discuss the questions. If you live at home with your
parents, use the present tense. If you've left home, use the past tense.
do
1
What did you have to do
to help in the house? about your brothers and sisters?
want?
2
Could you stay out as
long as you wanted? Or did you have to be home by a certain time?
Do
3
Did you always have to
tell your parents where you   going?
do
4
How strict were your
parents? What did they let you do?
5
What did you argue about?
Do's

PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS
should, must
I
Match the problems and suggestions on the right. What advice would you give?
2   Listen
and complete the advice. Use the words from the box.

'shouldn't
  must

should
,
  don't think you should

talk
to your boss. drink coffee at night. go to the wedding.
go to the dentist.
Practise
the conversations with a partner.
3   Give
advice to your. friends.
•
I'm
overweight
•
I've
got exams next week.

•
I'm
always arguing With my parents.
•
It's
my parents' wedding anniversary soon.
•
My
cats making a funny noi4é_

GRAMMAR SPOT
1     Which
  sentence expresses a suggestion?
Which sentence expresses strong obligation?
You should go on a diet.
You must go to the doctork.
2     Should
  and must are modal verbs.
He must be careful.
You shouldn't drink and
  drive.
What should she do?
Do we add -s with
  he/she/it? Do we use do/does in the question and negative?
3     We
  can make a negative suggestion with / doNt think _ .
I don't think you should
  smoke so much.
Grammar Reference 8.2—8.4
  p137

•
Problems
I'm working 16 hours a day.
            I
can't sleep.
My ex-boyfriend's getting married.
I've had a terrible toothache for weeks.
Suggestions
Don't drink coffee at night.
Go to the dentist.
Don't go to the wedding.
Talk to your boss.
PRACTICE
Grammar
1 Make sentences from
the chart.

A
trip to your Country
2
Someone is coming to stay in your country for six months. What advice can you
give?
    You should bring wary
clothes.      you don't have to get a visa.
   You have to have a passport.        You
must try our local speciality.
Include
advice about money, documents, clothes, health, accommodation, and food.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Holidays in January
I Do many people in your country go on holiday in winter? Where do they
go? Where would you like to go for a winter holiday? Write a sentence and read
it to the class.
I'd like to go to . . . becauge
2    Listen to three people giving advice
about visiting their country in the month of January. Complete the chart.
Compare your answers with a partner.
Weather and Things to do, Food and clothes      places to go              drink
Silvia
Fatima
Karl
3    Answer the questions.
Which
countries are they talking about?
How do
you know?
Look at the photographs. Which country do they go with?
Who
talked about sport? Which sport?
4    Who talked about money? What did
he/she say?
5    Who suggested going on a boat trip?
Where?
6    Which Of these countries would you
like to visit in January? Why?
Speaking
4 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
I weather/ is / like / in / what / the / January?
2 take / clothes / what I' should / l? 3 can / things / sort / of / what
/ do / I?
4    special / any / there / places / are /
that / should / visit / I?
5    food / you / recommend / do / what?
5 Work with someone from a different country, Or choose another country
you know. Ask and answer the questions.
Do's

READING AND SPEAKING
Problem page
1 These problems come from a newspaper
column where people write in with a problem, and other members of the public
give their advice. Read the problems. What advice would you give?
DILEMMAS
with
Vanessa Goodman
•
2 Match the readers' letters to these problems. There
are two for each problem.
THIS WEEK'S
PROBLEMS
ODO have to act my age?
Polly is
47. She is single, and her children have left home. She is very successful in
her career, and has a lot of friends, but she isn't satisfied. She longs to
change her life. She wants to live abroad, paint, and write poetry, but her
friends tell her she should stop being silly and act her age.
Must 'I be a slave to my mobile?
Jason's
company has bought him a mobile phone. They want him to keep it on all the
time, so that they can contact him anywhere, anytime. He dislikes the idea of
always being available, and he hates the way people use mobiles to have private
conversations in public.
Should 'l throw my son out?
Sarah's
24-year-old son lives at home, stays in bed till late, and watches TV all day.
He buys and sells drugs. He's clever, hut he dropped of school. He's never had
a job. His father wants to throw him out, but Sarah worries that he could get
further into drugs and end up in prison.
READERS' ADVICE
Children
always need the support of their parents, whether they're four or 24. [ think
you should pay for him to get some qualifications, and when he's ready, to find
somewhere to live. Meanwhile, him all the love that he needs.
Jenny Torr
Brighton
I decided
to give it all up and change my life dramatically three years ago. Since then,
most exciting three years of my life. It can be scary, but if you don't do it,
you won't know what you've missed. I don't think . Go for it.
Mike Garfield
Manchester
He's using you.' I think        . It's
time for him to
go.
•liventy-four is too old to be living with his parents. He's got to take
responsibility for himself. And about his drug-taking. Sometimes you have to be
cruel to be kind. Tony Palmer
Harrow
Why it? He
isn't their slave, they don't own him. And I also can't stand the way people
use their mobiles in restaurants, on trains and buses. They think that the
people around them are invisible and can't hear.
Jane Sands
London
[ think
before she gives up her job and goes to live abroad. Does she think that the
sun will always shine? If there is something in her life that makes her unhappy
now, this will follow her. She should take her time Nigella Lawnes Bristol

! He should have a word with his company and come to an arrangement with
them. Why can't he turn it off sometimes? Mobile phones are great, and if he's
got one for free, . They are one of the best inventions ever.
Pete Hardcastle
Birmingham
ayou should tell him to leave home. bshe should be very careful you should help him dyou should worry.
He must keep it!
. before making a decision. g It is so
rude. he's very lucky.
1 have
had...
    J       you must tell the police .
. you've got to give . should he accept
Listen and check. 4 Which letter writer ?
• suggests waiting

• thinks love is
the answer
      has been adventurous
      • thinks that employers shouldn't
exploit their employees

loves mobile
phones
      suggests being tough
The readers make very different suggestions. Who do you agree with?
What do you think?

How old are
children when they leave home in your country?

What do you think
of people who use mobile phones in public?

Do you think older
people should act their age? Why/Why not?

'You have to be
cruel to be kind'. Can you think of an example?
Roleplay
With a
partner, choose a situation and roleplay the conversation.

Polly and one of
her friends

Jason and his boss

Sarah and her
husband
Group work
In groups,
write a letter to a problem page.
Exchange
your letters and write a reply. Try to express

 Where do these lines go? Put a letter in the gaps.

sympathy
with the problem and give some explanation, as well as practical advice.
DOS

VOCABULARY
Words that go together

1 Many verbs and nouns go together.
tell story leave home

Verbs

Complements

Look at the chart on the right. Match a verb with a

write

being silly
  your age

complement. They all appear in the letters and

stop

abroad

problems on p66—67.

responsibility

Look at the letters again and check your answers.

take

poetry

take

your job

2 Close your books. Try to remember
  the

stay

what you've missed

sentences that include the phrases from the box.

don't know

a word With someone

3 Two nouns can go together. There
  are no rules

have to be

in bed

about
  spelling.
post
  office headache horse-race
The stress
  is usually on the first word.
Match the
  nouns to make new words.
      alarm          cream                         hair

give up have

your time
  cruel to be kind

glasses

drier

      traffic          table

quake

      credit                                           sign

post

                        lights                         book

ring

                                     card                                          rush

lighter

                        park                           cigarette

set

                        clock                          earth

hour

Listen
and check.
4 Choose a
word and give a definition to the class. Can they guess the word?
You use it to payfor
things.
A credit card.
That's
right.
•
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
At
the doctor's
I Complete the chart with an illness or a symptom.

diarrhoea food poisoning
'flu

t hurts when I walk on it.
My
  glands are swollen, and it hurts When I swallow: can't Stop sneezing and my
  nose is runny.

      Illnesses                       Symptoms
I've got a cold.
      I've got                     I've
got a temperature, my Whole body aches, and I feel awful.
I've twisted my ankle.
      I've got                       I
keep going to the toilet.
I've got a sore throat.
      I've got                      I
keep being sick, and I've got diarrhoea.
What's
the difference between these sentences? I feel sick. I was sick last night.
2 Put the sentences in the correct
order.
I didn't feel very well.
She took my
temperature and examined me.
After a few days. I started to feel better.
I went to the surgery
and saw the doctor.
C] I went to the chemises, paid for the
prescription, and got some antibiotics.
I phoned the doctofs Surgery and made an
appointment. She told me I had an infection.
C] I explained what was wrong. She gave
me a prescription.
You will hear a conversation between Man a student from
Chile, and a doctor. Answer the quesgio I What are Manuel's symptoms?
2
What
questions does the doctor ask?
3
What
does the doctor think is the matter with Manue 4 What does she prescribe?
5   What
advice does she give him?
6   Does
he have to pay for anything?
4   Look
at the tapescript on PI 24. Practise with a partner.
5   Make
similar conversations with other symptoms.
8 •
Do'
Going
places
Time clauses • if • Hot verbs • In a hotel
STARTER                  What do you
think you will do if the weather is nice this weekend? What will you do when
you get home tonight?

THE GAP YEAR
Time
and conditional clauses
I Clare and her friend Ally are having a gap year.
Complete the sentences with phrases from the box below.
               We're
travelling round the world      CC]
We're going to leave.
. . [71
.
we're going to learn to scuba dive on the Great Barrier Reef,
4 C] . we'll 100k
after each Other.
. we're going to the
USA.
We can stay with my
American cousins. . . C]
Our parents Will be
worried C]
We'll stay in the
States C]
a While we're in LOS
Angeles. b If we get ill, before we go to university. until our visa runs Out.
When we're in Australia, as soon as we have enough money. if we don't keep in
touch. After we leave Australia, 3
Listen
and check.
2
Cover the box. Practise the sentences.
GRAMMAR
SPOT
1
Underline
the words in the box that introduce the clauses, e.g. while
2
Which
tense are all the verbs in the box? Do they refer to the present or the future?
3
What
are the different future forms in Clare and Ally's sentences?
4
Whats
the difference between these sentences? Which one is sure? Which one is
possible?
When I get home, I'll have something to
eat. If there isn't any food, I'll get a pizza.
Grammar Reference 9.1—9.3 pB8
9 •

PRACTICE
when, as soon as

Unit 9 • Going places

What will you do?
3 Work
with a partner. One of you is going skiing for the first time. The other sees
all the problems. Use these ideas to help you.
When I get to New York .

•
  don't
  like the food
•
  it rains
•
  don't learn to
  ski
•   hurt yourself
Make a
  similar conversation about going on safari for the first time.

5 Put
the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Put if, when, while, or as soon as
into each box.

I I'll have a bath            I go to
bed.

 I'm coming to London tomorrrow. I'll ring you
I
arrive.
it's a nice day tomorrow, we can go
swimming. 4 Wait here I get back.

5 you have any problems, just ask for help. 6 I want to get home it gets
dark.

7 I'm going to have driving lessons 1
pass my test.
 Give me your address           you go
home.

9 •
(leave) a
message on the answerphone so you'll
know
I've arrived safely.
Paul
Great. What time do you expect you'll be there? Mary the plane (arrive) on
          time, I                  (be)
at the hotel about 10.00.
Paul All right. Give me a ring                     you
(know) the
time of your flight back,
          and I                   (pick)
you up at the airport.
Mary
Thanks, darling. Don't forget to water the plants (be) away. Paul Don't worry.
I won't. Bye!
Listen
and check.

LISTENING
AND SPEAKIÑG'
Life in 2050
1
Read
thisdésèriptioh of the airline future:
'There Will
be just two crew members, a pilot and dog. The pilot's job is feed the dog. The
does job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch anything.'
What does this story say about life in the future?
2
You will hear an
interview with Michio Kaku,
Professor of Theoretical
Physics at City
University,
New York. He has written a book, Visions, which explains how science will
revolutionize the 21st centur .
He is asked these
questions.
•   Are you optimistic about the future?
•   Are we ready for the changes that will
come?
•   Is world population going to be a big
problem?
•   What will happen to people who don't
have computers?
•   Will there be a world government?
•   Will we have control of everything?
•   What are your reasons for pessimism?
Discuss
your opinions on these subjects.
3   Listen to the interview. Make notes on
Michio Kaku's answers.
4
Answer the questions.
What does Michio Kaku say will continue into the twenty-first century?
How do some
people react to the new technology? What is his reaction?
Why will the
population of the world stop increasing?
4    Why will we need a world government?
5    What are some of the things we will be
able to control?
6    What examples does he give of the
Žj behaviour of 'stupid' people?
What do you think?
Michio Kaku
obviously believes in the power of science. What isn't he so sure about? Do you
agree?
MICHIO
KAKU
it 9 • Going places 73

READING AND SPEAKING

CHINA

To the north of

The world's first megalopolis

Hong Kong, the

I Are these statements about China
  true

world's biggest city is

or false?

growing. It hasn't got

Lingdingyang

a new name yet, but

• China is a communist country.

Bridge

it will probably be

• One in five people in the whole world is Chinese.

called Pearl River City.

•  Chinese families can only have one
  child.
•
  Chinese people
  love tradition.

Macau
Hong Kong

Jonathon Glancey

• Chinese people prefer bicycles to cars.

visits this ugly,

• The biggest city in the world is in China.

50km

exciting mess.

2   Read the newspaper article about pearl
River City. Which of the subjects in exercise 1 are talked about?
3   On the map find the following:
•
Shenzhen
•
Pearl River
Estuary
•
Guangzhou
•
the Hopewell
Highway
4 Answer
the questions.
Has this
city got a name yet?
2   Why is it ugly? Why is it exciting?
3   What are some of the statistics about
Shenzhen
that make it a remarkable place?
4   In what ways is China changing? Why
were Deng Xiaoping's words significant?
How are
the people changing?
Why do they want to own a
car?
6   What does Shenzhen look like?
7   Why will this city be important in the
21st century?
8   What do these numbers refer to?

1982

thousands

3 million

six months

less than ten years

two hours

40 million

four hours

What do you think?
•
In groups, write
what you think are the ten largest cities in the world. Compare your list with
the class. Your teacher will tell you the answer.
•
Make a list of
some of the problems that these cities face. Decide which are the three most
important problems. Compare your ideas with the class.
9

he town
of Shenzhen, just forty kilometres north, of Hong Kong, is the world's biggest
building site. In 1982 it was a fishing village with two main roads, fields,
and a population of 30,000. Now it has a population of 3 million. It is growing
at an incredible speed. It is spreading north towards Guangzhou (also known as
Canton) and west towards Macau. The Chinese government hopes that in less than
ten years this area will be the biggest city on earth, with a population of 40
million people.
China is
changing. It is no longer a country where absolutely everything is owned and
controlled by the state. Developers are welcome. As Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese
leader, said in 1992, To get rich is glorious'. The old China of bicycles and
Little Red Books is disappearing. A world of mobile phones and capitalism is
arriving.
The
Chinese people seem to welcome dramatic change. They don't worry about losing
traditional ways of life. They want the new. As the posters on the sides of the
highways shout, 'Development is the unlv wav.
Shenzhen
is a shocking place, like nowhere else on earth that I have ever seen. It is a
city with no boundaries and no centre. There are new concrete office blocks,
factories, and housing blocks as far as the eye can see. Not just dozens of new
buildings, nor even hundreds, but thousands. And it is all happening so fast.
It takes just six months to design, build, and finish a 60-storey,
airconditioned skyscraper. As one architect said to me, 'If you move too slowly
here, someone will walk over you.'
The new
Hopewell Highway runs from Shenzhen to Guangzhou, and it takes just two hours
to do the 123 kilometres. This superhighway will become the main street of a
huge new city, as it gets bigger and bigger until the east meets the west, and
the countryside in the middle disappears under concrete.
'here will
of course be more and more cars on the road. People don't want bicycles. If you
have a car, it means you have made money. So the traffic will be like in
Bangkok, where people spend four hours commuting every day. People eat and work
in their car.
Pearl
River City very nearly exists. It will probably be the world's First City, the
greatest city on earth. It won't be beautiful, but its power, energy, and
wealth will be felt in all corners of the world.

VOCABULARY
Hot verbs — take, get, do, and make
I The
verbs take, get, do, and make are very common in English. Find these examples
in the text about China:

get rich gets bigger and bigger you
have made money it takes two hours to do 123 kilometres

2 Here
are some more examples.
A   How long does it take you to get ready
in the morning?
B   It takes me about fifteen minutes.
A   How long does it take you to get to
school?
B   I can get here in twenty minutes.
A   Do you get tired in the evening?
B   Yes. Especially if I've done a lot of
homework. A Do you make a lot of mistakes in English?
B Well, I do my best, but
I still make a few mistakes.
Ask and
answer the same questions with a partner.
3   put the words and phrases from the box
in the correct column.

some shopping   back
home                two tablets a day       a cold angry              sure         friends     up
your mind            a photo somebody out for a meal  me a favour              a
reservation On well with someone          a complaint              care

TAKE

MAKE

4   Complete the sentences with one of the
verb phrases. Use the correct form of the verb.
1  1 while I was in town. 1 bought myself
a new lumper.
2  'l don't know if I love Tom or Henry.'           .
You can't marry both of them.'
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
In a hotel
What is the best hotel in
your town? What facilities does the hotel have?
2 Ask
and answer questions with a partner about the Grand Hotel.
Where's the conference
cenlre?
On the second
poor.
The Grand Hotel
Ground Floor Reception
City Bar
        First Floor       Dining Room
Buckingham Rooms
Second Floor Conference
Centre
Panoranta Restaurant
         Basement        Gym
Swimming pool

3   Bye-bye! See you soon.    of yourself.              72,
4   Aachoo! Oh dear. I think
5   'Are the doors locked?' think so, but
I'll just
Listen
and check.
5
Discuss these questions with a partner.
•   HOW long does it take to get from your
school to the station? From your home to work?
•   When did you last do someone a
favour/make a complaint/take a photo/get angry?
•   What time did you get home last night?
•   Do you get on with your parents/your
neighbours?
•   DO you find it easy to make friends?
•   Is your English getting better?
9
3   put the lines from the telephone
conversation between the receptionist and client in the right order.

Receptionist Client
Receptionist
Client
Receptionist
Client
Receptionist
Client
Receptionist Client
Receptionist
Client
Receptionist

Hello, the Grand Hotel. Cathy
  speaking. How can I help you? reservation / make / like / a / I'd / to /
  please
Certainly.
  When is it for?
It's for two
  nights, the thirteenth and the fourteenth of this month. single / want / do /
  room / or / double / a / And / you / a
A single,
  please.
OK. Yes, that's fine. I
  have a room for you. And your name is? Robert palmer.
much / you
  / Can / it / tell / how / is / me
Yes. That's
  £95 a night. Can I have a credit card number, please?
Yes, sure.
  It's a Visa. 4929 7983 0621 8849.
Thank you.
number /
  could / And / phone / I / have / a
Uh huh.
  01727 489962.
That's
  fine.
forward / look / seeing / on / you / We / to / thirteenth /
  the

. Bye-bye. Thanks a lot. Goodbye.
Listen and check.
4   With a partner, roleplay the
conversation between Robert Palmer and the receptionist as he checks into the
hotel.
                                                                   Good
evening.                 Hello. I have a reservation. My name's Robert Palmer.
5   Roleplay these conversations with your
partner. Phone Reception from your room. Make these requests.
•   You can't get the TV to work.
•   You'd like an extra pillow.
•   You'd like to order Room Service.
•   You'd like a wake-up call at 7.00
tomorrow morning.
14

STARTER                  I
What are these people afraid Of? How do they feel?

A WALK WITH DEATH
Verb
patterns and infinitives
I Look
at the photograph. Does the path look safe to you?
Read about Paul Lays adventure. How did he feel at different times in the
story?
2
Complete the text using these words.

began to feel started aching used to have went camping
decided to stand up

Listen and check. 3 Answer the questions.
I What is
Paul Lays hobby?
2   What did he use to do with his father?
3   Does he go to the same place every
year?
4   Is the King's Way in good condition?
 Why couldn't he have a rest?
6 Why
didn't he enjoy the walk?
10
Don't
look down

Lay
  lances

Thc path was about three

witn
  øeatn in

feet wide and there wcrc holes

at

in it. It (2)                  a
  handrail,

but not any more. I didn't

soutnern span

know what to do — should I go

I have always

on my hands and knees, or

enjoyed walking.

stand up? I (3)                 and
  walk

When I was a boy, I used to go

very slowly. At times the path

walking at weekends with my

was only as wide as my two

father. Wc (I )                    and

boots. I stopped to havc a rest,

climbing together.

but there was nowhere to sit.

I try to
  visit a new place

very frightened.

every year. Last year I decided

It was impossible to look down

to walk a path in Spain called

or look up. I was concentrating

El Camino del Rey, which

so hard that my bodv

means thc King's Way. It is one

There was no thrill

of the highest and most

of danger, no enjoyment of the

dangerous      fò0tpaths

view. I thought I was going to

Europc. It used to bc very safe,

die.

but now it is falling
  down.

I finally managed to get to

I took a
  train to the village

the end. I was shaking, and

of El Chorro and started to

I was covered in sweat from

walk towards the mountains. I

heat and fear. I fell to the

was very excited. Then the advcnturc began.

ground, exhausted.

PRACTICE

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Are
these verbs followed by the infinitive or -ing in the text?
enjoy
try decide start begin manage 2 Find the examples of used to infinitive. Used
to expresses a past action which doesn't happen any more.
I used to play games with
my brother, but now / don't.
Notice
the pronunciation /ju:st to/.
3     Complete these examples from the text.
        I used to go                    at
weekends.
1     didn't know what

It was impossible                   down.

2

I managed
  find / to find / finding my passport. Let's go shop / to shop / shopping!

There was nowhere

4

Please let me go / to go / going to the party!

Grammàr Reference 10.1—10.4 p139

Would you like something eat / to          /
  coring?

6

I need a recipe for a cake that's easy make / to make /
  making.

        I stopped                    a
rest.
Discussing grammar
Complete
these sentences with the verb ski in the correct form.
         I go                every
winter.
2     I started        when I was six.
         I tried                down
the mountain, but it was too steep.
4     My instructor made me   down the steep
mountain. I enjoy          very much.
6 Dave used when he was younger, but not any more.
2
Choose the correct
form.
I
I've decided stop
/ to stop / stopping smoking.

ANDALUSIA
El cam-
SPAIN
                                                                                10    Scared
to death
When I was young, I used to
3
Listen to James
talking about his childhood and his life now.
Complete
the chart. Write one sentence with used to for each question.

What/do at the weekend?
What/do in the evening?
3   Where/go on holiday?
4
  What
  sports/play?

Life as a child

5  What TV programmes/like?
6
  What food/like?

James

Ask and answer the with

What do you do

I usually go

questions
  above a partner about your life now and your life as a child.

al rhe weekend?

shopping and

What did you do when

used to play With

you were n child?

my friends and

Infinitives
4
Why do you go to
these places?
            Why do you go to the hairdresser's?             TO
have a haircut.
•
the post Office  •
a petrol station       • a bookshop
•
the newsagent's      •
the library • the market
With
your partner, ask and answer questions about more places.
5
Make sentences
with a line in A, a word in B, and an infinitive in C.

I I'm hungry. I need

to say to you.

I'm going to a posh party, but I don't know

anything

to talk to.

My CD player's broken. Can you show me

where

to eat.

Don't talk to me. I have

somebody

to wear.

Do I turn left or right? I don't know

how much

to repair it?

6 1'm bored. I haven't got

nothing

to do.

'Can you get some meat?' 'Sure. Tell me

something

to go.

8 1 feel lonely. I need

what

to buy.'

Think of
some replies. Then listen and compare your answers.
Check it
6
Choose the correct
form.
I    I went to the shops for to buy /for
buy/ to buy some shoes.
2     Do you enjoy dance / dancing / to
dance?
3     When I was young, I used ro go / go /
going ice-skating.
4     He told me he loves me. I didn't know
what say/ to say / saying.
5     When we were on holiday, we went swim
/ to swim / swimming every day.
VOCABULARY
-ed/-ing
adjectives
I How can you describe
the experiences below? Use an adjective from the box.

frightening exciting
  surprising

exhausting

X terrifying boring
I You get stuck in a
lift.
2
You
go on a 5-mile walk, then climb three mountains.
3
You
go on biggest roller coa,ster in the world. 4 Yo'iflnd a spider in the bath.
eone shòws you their holidav photos for hours and
hours cher says you're all such wonde dents that I onyv grye you any
morghpmework.' do the people photos feel? 's frightened.
T
10.4 Listen and praçtise the pronunciatiOhòfthe§
1
-ing
adjectives describe a situation, person, or thing. an interesting life a boring
teacher an exciting film
2
-ed
adjectives describe how people feel.
I'm very interested in modern art.
We were bored at the end of the lesson.
Shes excited about going on holiday tomorrow.
3      Com e
th nt               . Useþne of thae adjectives..
excitfrightenborinterestconfus-
-ing
disappointworry/worrisurpris-
         'I
met a famous            star today.' 'Really? HOW —4_7_
'l spent four hours going round a museum.' 'Was it 'No,
it was
'I
haven't heard from my parents for two months.' 'You must be
4    'Wow,
Maria! What are you doing here?' 'Why are you so        to see me?'
5    1
failed my exam. I worked really hard for it. I'm so
6    •A
man started to follow me home last night.' 'Weren't you
My
computer's broken, and I don't understand the manual. It's so
Close your books. Listen to the beginnings of the lines.
Complete them.

4
  What have you seen on television or in the

I
  read a spy novel.

horror film. I

cinema recently? What
  books have you read?

It was very exciling.

thought it was frightening.

What
did you think of them? Tell a partner.
10 Sca

READING
AND SPEAKING
Into the wild
I
Describe what you can see in the photograph. Which country do you think it is?
What makes life difficult for people who live here?
2 Read
the introductory paragraph and the words in bold. In pairs, decide whether
these statements are true G/) or false (X).
•   Chris McCandless died very young.   •
He loved nature and a simple life.
•   He was killed by hunters.  • He wanted
to die.
•   He didn't enjoy his life.     • He
knew he was dying.
What do
you want to know about Chris?
3 Read
to the line ending       Thank you!' his diary reads." and answer the
questions.
I Did
Chris keep in touch with his parents?
When did
they last hear from him?
2    Why did he get rid of his car and burn
his money?
3    What did he need? What didn't he need?
4 In what way was his life rich?
4    Read to the line ending     . I didn't
know where he was. " Choose the best answer.
I Chris didn't get on With his father because his father had a lot of
money.
C] didn't Ict Chris work in the family business. tried to tell Chris What
to do.
2 When the parents didn't hear from Chris, the police got in touch with
them.
C] they got in touch with the police. D they did nothing.
3 In July 1992
C] his mother dreamt that she heard Chris calling her. his mother is sure
that she heard Chris calling her. Chris phoned his mother for help.
5 Read
to the end. Correct the mistakes in this summary.
Chris got the train to Alaska, and arrived in May, 1992. He lived in a
bus, and there was a bed and a bath in it. He was very happy. There was lots to
eat— small animals, and fruit and vegetables, which he grew himself.
After five months of living alone, he started to feel ill. He had no
strength because he was eating poisonous plants, but he didn't know that this
was the reason. He continued eating. He died of food poisoning.
He knew he was dying. He wrote a letter to his parents, and took a photo
of himself. He seemed happy to die in these circumstances.
What do you think?
•  What was important to Chris? What
wasn't important?
•  What do you think he was trying to do?
•  Why do young people feel the need to
break away from their parents?
.45,
In April 1992, Chris
McCandless, a young man from a wealthy American family, hitchhiked to Alaska.
Four months later, his dead body was found by a group Of hunters. Jon Krakauer
investigated the story.
hen
Chris McCandless graduated from Emory University, Atlanta, in June 1990, he
sent his parents a letter containing his final reports. His letter ended 'Say
'Hi' to everyone for me.'
No one
in Chris's family ever heard from him again.
He drove west out of Atlanta, and invented a new life
for himself With a new name. He left his car in some woods and burned all his
money, because, as he wrote in his diary, 'I need no possessions. I can survive
with just nature.'
For the next two years, he hitched to various parts of
the United States and

nio -the
Mexico. He wanted the freedom to go where he wanted and to work when he
needed. For him, his life was very rich. 'God, it's great to be alive. Thank
you! Thank you!' his diary reads.
hris came from a comfortable background. His father had
a business which he ran efficiently, and he controlled his own family in a
similar way. Chris and his father didn't get on. When his parents didn't hear
from
Il
However, reality soon
changed the dream. He was hungry, and it was difficult to find enough to eat.
He shot ducks, squirrels, birds, and sometimes a moose, and with these he ate
wild potatoes, wild mushrooms, and berries. He was losing a lot of weight.
On July
30 he wrote, 'Extremely weak. Fault of potato seed. Can't stand up. Starving.
Danger.' It seems that Chris was eating a part of the wild potato plant that
was poisonous. He couldn't get out of

him for
several months, they contacted the •l need no possessions. police, but they
could do nothing. In July 1992, two years after Chris left Atlanta, his can
survive With mother woke in the middle of the night.
     could hear Chris calling me. I
wasn't                   just nature.'
the bus to look for rood. 'I am trapped in the wild,' he wrote on August
S.
He became weaker and weaker as he was starving to death. His final note
says, 'I have had a good life and thank the

dreaming. He was begging,
'Mom! Help me!' But I couldn't help him because I didn't know where he was.'
hris's
dream was to spend some time in Alaska, and this is where he went in
April 1992. In early May, after a few days in the Alaskan bush, Chris
found an old bus which hunters used for shelter. It had a bed and a stove. He
decided to stay there for a While. 'Total freedom,' he wrote. 'My home is the
road. '
Lord. Goodbye and may God bless all!'
Then he crawled into his sleeping bag and lost
consciousness. He probably died on August 18. One of the last things he did was
to take a photo of himself, one hand holding his final note, the other hand
raised in a brave goodbye. His face is horribly thin, but he is smiling in the
picture, and the look in his eyes says 'l am at peace.'
                                                      10    Scared
to death

EVERYDAY
ENGLISH

4 Answer the questions.
I Identify these people in the

Exclamations with so and such

pictures.

Read and
  listen to the sentences.

Tom Jamie the witness

Dave

Andrew

it

2 Imagine who says these lines

have?

in the story.

2

Look at the sentences. When do we use so, such a(n), such,
  so many, and so

• I've had a really good idea for

much?

Tom's birthday!

We were all so worried!

• Lie on the ground! Don't move!

Mike's such an idiot !

• please let me go!

It was such a good idea Of Jamie's!

• Send the police immediately!

He has such crazy friends !

• Come and help. This looks

We had such awful weather on holiday!

really serious.

There are so many places I want to go to!

• Happy birthday, dear Tom! • You         I thought you
  were

got so much work !

my friends(

3

Complete the sentences in A with so,
  such a, such, so many, or so much. Then

• I knew it was you from the
  beginning!

match them with the sentences in B.

       Their house is                       mess!
   There were              people at the party!
       I'm                       hungry!
   Jane and Pete are              nice people!
    I've spent             money this week!
A present! For me? Yotfre               kind!
  We've had          nice time!
8 Molly's              clever dog!

I could eat a horse.
I don't know where it's all gone.
You really
  didn't have to.
She understands every word I say.
There was nowhere to dance.
Thank you so much for inviting us.
But I can't stand their kids.
I don't know how they live in it.

bm was scared. He was very scared. He was so scared!
Do you
think this use of so is more written or spoken? What effect does
•   Excuse me. gentlemen. Can I just ask
you a few questions?
•   I think we have a bit of a confession
to make.
Roleplay
With a
partner, roleplay one of these conversations and retell the story.
•   Tom talking to his girlfriend

• the Witness talking to the
  emergency

services

Listen and
  check. Practise the exclamations.

• Jamie talking to the policeman

4

What can you say . .

•   at the end Of a long journey
That was such a long journey!
I'm so tired!
•   when you finish an interesting book
with a sad ending
•   as you go round a friend's new flat
•   at the end of a wonderful meal
•   in a row With your
boyfriend/girlfriend
•
at the end of a
great English lesson
10 • Scared to
death

Things that changed the world
Passives • Verbs and
nouns that go together • Notices

STARTER                  1
Make true sentences from the chart.         Champagne                                         Japan.
2
What is made and grown in your              Whisky     France. country?      Rice         made
in   England. Rolls Royce cars          Hawaii. are        grown In  Brazil.
Nikon cameras
                                                                                Coffee                                                 China,
                                                                                Pineapples                                         Scotland.

SOLD WORLDWIDE
Passives
Do you
drink Coca-Cola? Do you think these facts about Coca-Cola are true (J) or false
(X)? 1 C) 1.6 billion gallons are sold every day.
2    Cl
Coca-Cola is drunk in every country in the world.
3    Cl It
was invented in the USA. 4 [J It is nearly 100 years old.
Read
the story of Coca-Cola and check your ideas.
           11   Things
that changed the world
Things
go better with oca- o a
Coca-Cola
is enjoyed all over the world.
I .6 billion gallons are sold every year, in over one
hundred and sixty countries. The drink was invented by Dr John Pemberton in
Atlanta as a health drink on 8 May 1886, but it was given the name Coca-Cola by
his partner, Frank Robinson, because it was originally made from the coca
(cocaine) plant. In the first year, only nine drinks a day were sold.
The business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in
1888, and the first factory was opened in Dallas, Texas, in 1895. Coca-Cola is
still made there. Billions of bottles and cans have been produced since 1895,
but the recipe is still kept secret!
Diet Coke has been made since 1 982, and
over the years many clever advertisements have been used to sell the product.
It is certain that Coca-Cola will be drunk far into the twenty-first century.

Coca-Cola goes along—for                                                    GRAMMAR
SPOT
Nearly all the verb
forms in the text about Coca-Cola are in the passive. The passive is formed
with the verb to be and the past participle.
Champagne is made in France.
Pineapples are grown in Hawaii.
Read the text again
and write the passive verb forms under these headings.
Present
Simple       Past Simple              Present Perfect        Will Future is
enjoyed wag invented              have been produced
What
is the main interest of the text? Dr John Pemberton? Frank Robinson? Coca-Cola?
When
we are more interested in the object of the active sentence, we use the
passive.
Active: Dr John Pemberton invented Cola-Cola.
Passive: Cola-Cola was invented by Dr John Pemberton.
Grammar Reference 11.1 p140
EVERd     2 Don't look at the text! Look at
the passive verb forms in the columns above 59            and try to remember
the whole sentence.
Coca-Cola
is enjoyed all over    was invented by .
_NoOember

Il
PRACTICE
Active
and passive
I
Complete these sentences.

2
put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, active or passive.

           11   Things
that changed the world
VOCABULARY

Questions
and answers
3   Match
the question words and answers.

When?
Where?
Who? Why?
How many?

Louis Lassen.
In Connecticut.
In 1895.
In 1948.
Because the recipe came
  from Hamburg.
25,000.
35 million.

4   Complete
the questions using the passive. Ask and answer them with a partner.

5   Complete
the conversations and practise them with a partner.

I
A Are Coca-Cola and hamburgers sold only in
America?
B
NO, they aren't. They
Was
Cola-Cola invented by Louis Lassen? B No, it
Were
the first hamburgers made in 1948?
B No, they
Was the first McDonald's restaurant
opened in New York?
B
No, it
Have
2,500 restaurants now been opened
B No, not 2,500.
Listen
and check.
Check
it
6 Underline the correct word or words in
each sentence.
 Where
was / were these shoes made?
2    I was
given this watch by /from my aunt.
3    Someone
has stolen / has been stolen my bag!
4    The
newsagent sells / is sold stamps.
5
British
policemen don't carry / aren't carried guns.
6
All
the beer was drank / drunk by nine o'clock.
7

Have all the sandwiches eaten / been eaten?
Verbs
and nouns that go together
I
In each box below, one noun does not go with the verb. Which one?
                                                                       a
watch

bananas                       £3,000

GROW

cargo
CARRY

five centimetres

            a
  briefcase         a gun

a beard

                                   passengers

a story advice a party hello
TELLaGIVE
                                                                          information                              a
lift
                           a
joke                             a complaint

the
  change peace
KEEP
secret               an
  idea a promise

Weight
the busthe LOSÉ
the way a the match
2    Work
with a partner. Choose two nouns from each box, and write two sentences using
the verb. Read your sentences to the class.
Rice is grown in China.
The ship carried a cargo of tobacco and
cotton.
3    Which
six nouns do not go with the verbs? Which verbs do they go with? Complete the
sentences with the correct verbs.
hello to your parents from me when you
see them.
2    I was
late for work because I        the bus.
3    This is my grandfather's
watch. He it every day until he died.
just
a good idea. Let's eat out tonight.
5   My
uncle        £500 on the stock exchange.
6   We  a complaint to the
manager because our meal was so bad.

11

4 Work in three groups.
Group A
  Read about tobacco. Group B Read about sugar. Group C Read about cotton.
5
  Which words from
  exercise 3 are in your text? What are the bad effects of the plant? What are
  the good effects? Discuss in your group.
6
  Compare plants
  with two students from the other groups. Answer the questions.
Which plant (or plants)
•
  has been grown
  for thousands Of years?          • was the main American export until 1820?
•
  was known as
  white gold? Why?               • became the main American export after 1820?
•
  was once thought
  to be a luxury?    • was harvested by slaves?
•   caused the American Civil War? Why?           •
  has caused the death of many people?
What do
  you think?
•
  Which of the
  three plants has most changed history? How?
•   Which plant has done the greatest
  good? Which has done the greatest harm?
90 Unit 11 • Things that changed the
  world

Tobacco
For thousands of years tobacco was used by
theAmerican Indians with no ill-effect. In the 16th century it was brought to
Europe. This early tobacco was mixed with soil and rather dirty. It was chewed
or smoked in pipes only by men — women thought it smelly and disgusting.
It was first grown commercially in America in
the 7th century on slave plantations. In the 18th century new technology
refined tobacco and the first cigarettes were produced. By the 1880s huge
factories were producing cigarettes which were clean and easy to smoke,
Chain-smoking and inhaling became possible and by the middle Of the 20th
century tobacco addicts, both men and women, were dying Of lung cancer in great
numbers.
Nowadays cigarette smoking is banned in many
places. especially in the LJSA_ But until 1820 tobacco was America's main
export, and still today their tobacco industry makes over $4.2 billion a year.
Sugar cane was grown in India thousands years
ago. In Roman Sugar times it was known in Europe as a great luxury, and
It was rare
and expensive for many centuries after
that. In 1493 Columbus took a sugar plant with him to the West Indies. Where it
grew so well that huge plantations were started by Europeans and worked on by
slaves. The slaves were shipped across the Atlantic from Africa, packed
sometimes one on top of che other in chains, on a journey that took six weeks.
Many died.The empty ships then carried the sugar back to Europe. SO much money
was made that sugar was known as •white gold'.
Sugar is used to sweeten food and make
sweets and chocolate. It is addictive but unnecessary. By the 1 6th century the
English were the greatest sugar-eaters in history. Elizabeth I lost 011 her
teeth because she ate so much of it.
Cotton has               grown for over five thousand
years in Cotton places as far apart as Mexico, China, Egypt, and India. lc
was first planted in America in 1607.
Before 1800 cotton was a great luxury, more expensive than silk. because so
many were needed to pick it. However, a huge increase in the number of slaves
in the American South resulted in much greater cotton production and a fall in
the price. This, and the new technology of the industrial revolution, made
cotton the cheapest fabric in history. By 1820 cotton was making more money for
the USA than tobacco, and more money worldwide than Sugar.
The American Civil War of 1861—1965 was
fought because the Southern States wanted to form a separate country, so that
they could continue to keep slaves on their cotton plantations. Slavery was
banned in the Northern States in 1808. 500,000 soldiers were killed in the war.
11

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Helps you relax

The world's most common habit:
  chewing gum

enjoy WRIGLEYS

I Do you
  chew gum? How often? Stand up and ask the students in the class. Complete the
  chart below.

refreshing
  delicious
Chewing
Gum !
WRIGLEY's

your

CHEWING GUM

ChewWRIGLEYS

NUMBER OF
  STUDENTS WHO CHEW GUM
. often
. sometimesv

V WRIGLEYS

. rarely never

CHEWING GUM

2 Discuss these questions as a class.
I Who often chews gum? Who newer chews gum?
2
  When and where
  do you chew gum?
3   Where do you put it when it has lost
  its flavour?
3 You are going to listen to a radio programme about chewing gum. Check
  the meaning Of these words.

WRIGLEY's

Which have an obvious connection with the topic of chewing
  gum? How?

Enjoy Healthful Delicious

skeleton (n)       to freshen (the breath) (v) tree sap (n)
  honey (n)      to wrap (v)               packet (n) to hire (v)              billboard
  (n) (Am. Eng.)

OOUBLEMI GUM

4 Read
the statements below. Do you think they are true (V) or false (X)? Discuss With
a partner.
D One
million tons of gum is chewed every year.
Chewing gum was invented in Sweden.
D Chewing gum was found in the mouth
of a nine thousand-year-old skeleton.
4 C] The
first gum was made of tree sap and sugar.
 C] Babies are born wanting to chew
gum.
 CJ The ancient Greeks believed
chewing gum was good for your health.
7 D South American Indians made the
first packets of chewing gum.
Chewing gum was taken to North America
by the English.
 Listen to part one of the programme and check your ideas. Correct the
false sentences.
11
Things that changed the world
Listen to part two Of the programme- Answer the
questions. I Who Was William Wrigley?
2
What did he do to
advertise chewing gum?
3    When did chewing gum become popular
outside the USA?
4    What did the children shout?
5    What is todays chewing gum made ot?
What do you think?
•   Is chewing gum a common habit in your
country?
•   Is it considered a bad habit? Why/Why
not?
•
Is chewing gum
good for you? Why/Why not?
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Notices
1
When you first go to a foreign country, it can be difficult to understand
notices.
Here
are some typical English notices. Match them with these places. a bank or a
post office a petrol station a broken drinks machine
4        a
road in a town an airport a pub the Underground a park 9              a zoo
10
a
hotel
11
a
railway station
12
a
public toilet
13
a
motorway
FEEDING OF
ANIMALS
PROHIBITED
PENALTY £50
LINE
2   Listen
to five conversations. Where are the people?
3   Work
with a partner. Choose two other places, and write conversations that could
happen there. Read them to the class, and see if they can guess the place.
TIME
ogpgp_

SECURITY
  NUT ICE.

ACT
UES
ORA

For security reasons
  please keep all gour luggage with you at all tiwes.
Any
  unattended i tens WILL be removed by the Poi ice thout further
  uarnin..
SOUTHBOI
PLEÅsE

KEEP
  OFF
THE
  GRASS

One way

PLEASE
QUEUE
  HERE

5m & 25m

Services
11

Dreams and reality
Second
conditional • might • Phrasal verbs • Social expressions 2
STARTER                 1
Which famous person would you like to meet? What would you talk about?
2   Which
country would you like to visit? What would you do there?
3   If
you won a lot of money, what would you buy? How much would you give to friends?

SWEET DREAMS
Second
conditional
1 Read about Nicola. Which text describes her
life? Which describes her dreams?
I live
in a flat With my Mum and my little brother. 'My Mum works in a hospital, so my
Gran Often looks after Us and she helps my Mum. We have a budgie. 1 go to St
Barnabas School and 1 wear a green uniform. I can only have sweets on
Saturdays.
Nicola, aged 7
2 Complete the text on the right with these
words. horse sweets palace dress teacher servants
Listen and Check. Then
listen and repeat.
12
If I
Were a princess, I'd live in a I'd have to look after me. My Mum would be
Queen, and she wouldn't work.
I wouldn't go to school. I'd have a private rd ride a
white and I'd Wear a long I could have all the I wanted.
Q_

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 What tense describes Nicola's real life?
If/
lived in a palace, .
Does
she live in a palace? What tense is lived? . rd have servants. (I'd = I would)
Is this a dream or reality?
3
Complete
the rule.
                                                               We
make unreal conditional clauses with if* the          tense.
                                                               In
the result clause, we use the auxiliary verb         + the infinitive.
4
Notice
that was can change to were in the condition clause. If I were a princess, . .
Grammar Reference 12.1 p141
3 Look at the questions and short answers.
                                                                           Where
would she live?           In a palace.
Would
her grandmother No, she wouldn't. She'd have servants. look after her?
Ask
and answer questions about Nicola's dreams with a partner.
• What . her mother do?              •
What pet               have? work?            • What _ _ wear?
                                                                                Nicola
go to school?                                  have a lot of sweets?
PRACTICE
Discussing
grammar
Make
sentences from the chart.

cakes and ice-cream,

feel better.

found

the
  answer,

get
  a job in the police.
lose weight.

knew

taller,

buy a big house.

so much,

I wouldn't

build more hospitals.

didn't
  eat

a lot of money,

keep it.

didn't
  smoke

president.

tell
  you.

some money in the street,

give you a lift.

2   Put
the verbs in the correct form.
1
Ifl            (be)
rich, I               (travel) round the world. First I             (go) to
                                                                Canada,
then I             (go) to New York.
2
If
he        (work) harder, he   (have) more money.
                                                                            (go)
to work if I          (feel) better, but I feel terrible.

4

(can) speak perfect
  English, I

(not be) in this
  classroom.

'What

(do) if a stranger

(give)
  you £1 million?'

12 Dreams and reality
WHO
KNOWS?
What
would you do?                                    might
3
Discuss
what you would do if
•
you
came home and found a burglar.           1              Listen to two students
saying what they're going to do when

•
someone
gave you a present that you really didn't like.
•
you
saw someone shoplifting.
•
you
found a wallet with a lot of money in it.
•
you
saw two people fighting in the street.
If I were you
4  We Can give advice using If I were you, I'd .

terrible!
  My head and I feel dizzy.

I feel hurts,

I'd
  go to bed.

IfI
were you,
Work with a partner. Give the people
advice about their problems.
I I have no money.
My hair's awful.
3   1've
got toothache.
4   1've
had a row with my boyfriend.
My car won't start in the morning.
6 My neighbours make a
lot of noise.
6
2
Listen and compare your answers.
12
they
leave university. Complete the texts.
Ruth
a holiday in Italy for a couple of
weeks, staying in a villa in Tuscany. Then I for a job. I in the media —
advertising or the BBC would be perfect.
My sister and I a flat together,
somewhere central, so we to start looking soon. I'm very excited about the f
future. And I'm also highly ambitious!
What are some of the certainties in
Ruth's life? She's having a holiday in Italy. . villa in Tuscany. for a job.
flat together.
. Start looking soon.
What are some of the possibilities in Henrys
life?
He might go to America.
. restaurant for a
bit.
. Paris for a while.
French girl

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar

Henry
I'm not
sure yet Some friends have invited me to go to Long Island with them, so I
might go to America. I'll have to earn some money, so I in a restaurant for a
bit.
I don't
know what I want to do. I love France, so I

GRAMMAR
  SPOT
1
  Might means the
  same as perhaps _ _ will..
What are you doing tonight?
I don't know I might go out. or I might stay at home.
2
  Might is a modal
  auxiliary.
Ann might come round
  tonight. I might not pass my exams.
Do we add -s with he/she/it?
Do we use
  do/does in the negative?
Grammar Reference 12.2 p141

Paris
for a while. I could earn some money painting portraits in Montmartre Who
knows? I a beautiful French girl and fall in love! Wouldn't that be wonderful!
I Choose the correct verb in these
sentences. 'What's for supper?' We're having / we might have lamb. It's in the
oven.'
2
'What time are we eating?' 'Don't worry. It'll be / it might be ready before
your TV programme.'
'Who's eating with us?'
'I've invited Jerry, but he'll be / he might be late. It depends on the
traffic.'
4
I'm going into
town tomorrow. I'm having / might have lunch with Jo at 1.00.
5
'Are you going to
have a winter holiday this year?' •I am / I might. I haven't decided yet.'
Possibilities
2    Make conversations with a partner
about these future possibilities. One of you isn't sure about anything.

are you tonight?

might

What I'm not
sure. I doing go out or I might stay at hame.
What
sort/car/buy? Fiat/"lòyota Where/on holiday?
Scotland/Spain
3    What/have to eat?
steak}fish
4    Who/going to the dance with? ask
Tony/ask Richard

Ask and
answer questions with a partner about your possible future plans:
•   after the lesson • at the weekend
•   this evening      • for your next
holiday
Check it
4
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. I If I'd have a car, I'd give you a
lift.  They'll call their baby Lily, but they aren't sure yet.
 I'd visit you more often if you wouldn't live so far away.
4    I'm playing tennis tomorrow. I'm not
sure.
5    If I'm younger, I'll learn to play the

piano,
but I'm too old now.
12 Dreams and
reality

brain scan consultant tumour
  operation

READING AND LISTENING
Ghost stories
1   Do you believe in ghosts? What would
you do if you saw a ghost? Would you talk to it? Would you run away?
2
You are going to read
about a man called Aelwyn Roberts. He's a ghostbuster. DO you think he .
•
believes or
doesn't believe in ghosts.
•
tries to find
ghosts.
•
tries to get rid
Of ghosts.
Read the
text and find out.
3 Are
the statements true G/ ) or false (X)? Correct the false ones.
 Mr Roberts is a social worker.
2    He helps to sort out problems for both
people and ghosts.
3    He is sure that ghosts exist.
4    The boy knew it was his
great-grandfather at the end Of his bed.
5    The old man made the boy laugh.
6    Mr Roberts solved the boy's problem
easily.
 Ghosts are not usually members of the
family.  Mr Roberts says you should never talk firmly to ghosts.
4
Look at the
newspaper extract on the right, then listen to an interview with Alice Lester.
Check that you know these words.
5
Answer the
questions.
I Did
Alice Lester know she was ill before she heard the voices?
2    What was she doing when she first
heard the voices?
3    What did the first voice tell her?
4    What happened while she was away on
holiday?
5    What happened when she returned to
London?
6    Did the consultant believe what she
told him?
7    What did the voices finally tell her?
How is she now?
What do you think?
     Do you think Alice Lester's story is a
ghost story?
     Do you believe that Mr Roberts really
gets rid of ghosts?
Telling stories
Do you
know any ghost stories? In small groups, tell your ghost stories. Which is the
most frightening?
12

'!jSTEkúSAYs VICAR

Aelwyn Roberts, 79, used to be a vicar.
He's retired now, but he still works as a ghostbuster. He helps people who have
ghosts in their houses to get rid of them.
. 'I'm a kind of
•ocial worker for ghosts,' he explains. 'Some people die and they still have
problems when they leave this world, so they come back again as ghosts to sort
them out. I don't think ghosts might exist. I know they do exist.' He says he
has met thousands of ghosts trapped between this world and the next. He helps
them sort out their problems so they can move on to the next world. One example
is typical. At exactly nine every night a three-year-old boy got out Of bed and
came downstairs. When his parents asked him to explain why, he said that he saw
an old man in a funny hat sitting on the end of the bed and the man told him to
get out of his bed and go downstairs. For Mr Roberts this was simple to sort
out. He moved the boy's bed from one part of the room to another. 'The ghost
was the boy's great-grandfather and the bed was in his way', he explains. The
family were never troubled again. 'Eighty per cent of the time the ghosts are
members of the family. I tell people that if they want me to get rid of them, I
might be throwing their grandmother out of the house. I worry that they might miss
her.'
Mr Roberts calls ghosts 'yesterday's people'.
His advice is simple. 'You just need to tell them, firmly, to go away and leave
you alone.'

VOCABULARY
Phrasal
verbs
I
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + adverb/preposition. Some phrasal verbs are
literal.
Go away and leave me
alone.
Take
offyour coat and come and sit down.
Complete
the sentences with a word from the box.

out
  (x2) up on back

           I put          something
warm. It's cold today.
2
There's some ice-cream in the freezer. Can you get it 3 Why are your clothes on
the floor? Please pick them
4    1'm going to take the dog        for a
walk.
5    When are you going to your country?
Do or
mime these actions.

turn
  round walk out try something on throw something away look for something turn
  something off fall over lie down

2   Some phrasal verbs aren't literal.
'Can YO u sort out this
problem?' The p, lonetook Off I gave up my job.
Do or
mime these actions.

look after a baby put out a cigarette look up
a word ask somebody out w€ve run out of milk my car broke down Look out! fill
in a form

3   Look at the position of the object
when it is a pronoun in these sentences.
          Your
shoes ore dirty. Take them OJI        This jumper looks nice Can I try it on?
Complete
the sentences with phrasal verbs from exercises 1—2. Use pronouns.
          I 'Where's my tea?' 'Sorry.
I threw  . It was cold.'

grow up go out with fall
  out with get on with

look
  forward to

2 You shouldn't smoke in here. Put 3
We don't need all these lights on. Turn
4    Leave little Annie with me. I'll look
5    1 haven't got time 10 fill in this
form. I'll fill          later.
4 Complete the
sentences with one of these phrasal verbs in the correct form.
          I How do you                     your parents?
2 Do you ever                your
brothers and sisters? 3 NVhat are you          doing on holiday?
4    Are you     anyone at the moment?
5    Where did you            Or have you
always lived here?
In
pairs, ask and answer the questions about you.
IOO          12
•
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Social expressions 2
I
Complete the conversations with the correct expressions.
I'm sorry Excuse me Of course Pardon
! Can I get past?
A Can I get past, please?
. I
didn't hear you. Yes,
A Thanks
a lot.
Thats right Oh, What a pity Congratulations Never mind
I hear
you're
going to get married soon.
, next July. July 21. Can you come to the wedding? ! That's when we're
away on holiday. c We'll send you some wedding cake. A That's very kind.
Hurry up
all right Oh, dear Just a minute I haven't a clue
! Look at the time!   , or we'll miss the train. ! I can't find my
umbrella. Do you know where it is?
. But you
won't need it. It's a lovely day. Just look at the sky! B Oh, . Let's go, then.
Good
luck See you later Same to you Good idea What about you
No, of
course not
in your
exam!
. I hope we both pass.
A Did you go out last
night?
I went to bed early.
           A Me, too.              after
the exam. Let's go for a drink.
2 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. Listen to
your teacher. Reply using one of the expressions.
Unit 12 • Dreams and reality

STARTER                   I
Ask and answer these questions.
               2
Ask your teacher the same questions about teaching English.

STREET LIFE
Present
Perfect Continuous
I Read Andy's Story.
2
Match
the questions on with the answers in the text.
 Listen and check. Finish Andy's answer
in question 4.
3
With
a partner, cover the questions and practise the conversation. Then cover the
answers, and practise again.

GRAMMAR SPOT
1     Which
  are the questions in the Present Perfect Continuous? What are the other
  tenses?
2     Look
  at these two questions.
How long have you
  been selling The Big Issue?
How many copies have you sold today?
Which question asks about the activity
  of selling?
Which question asks about the number of
  magazines sold?
3     Complete
  these sentences with the
Present
  Perfect Simple or Continuous.
(smoke)
  since I was 16.
(smoke) five cigarettes today.
Grammar
  Reference 13.1 p142

STREET
LIFE
ANDY'S
STORY Andy, 28, from Scotland, used to have his own taxi business. When he lost
it, he also lost his home and his family. He now sleeps on the streets in
London. The Big Issue is a magazine sold by homeless people in Britain. This
gives them a small income, so they can begin to find somewhere to live.
For a year. It was very cold at first. but you get used
to it.
2
I came here to look for work, and I never
left.

For six months. I'm in Covent Garden
seven days a week selling the magazine.

13 • Earning a living

'ŠsŒ

b
  How long have you been

a How many copies do you sell a day?

selling
  The Big Issue?

c
  Have you made many

d How many copies have

friends?

you sold today?

e How long have you been sleeping on the
streets? f Why did you come to
London?
4 Make more questions about Andy.
•
HOW
long/trying to find a job?
•
How
many jobs/had?
•
How
long/standing here today?
•
How/lose
your business? • HOW long/had your dog?
•
Who/best
friend?
•
Where/meet
him/her?
•
HOW
long/known each other?
Listen and check.
5 Ask and answer the questions with a
partner. Invent Andy's answers.
Listen and compare your answers.
PRACTICE
Discussing
grammar
I Choose the correct tense.
How long have you been
living / do you live in Paris?
2
Anna
has been finding / has found a good job.
3
Pete
and I have gone out / have been going out for over six months.
4
1
bought / have bought a new flat a few months ago.
5
How
long have you had / have you been having your car?
6
Tom
worked / has been working as a postman for the past month.
7
1've
written / 've been writing an essay all day.
8
I
've written / been writing six pages.
Talking
about you
2 put the verbs in the Present Perfect Simple
or Continuous or the Past Simple.

How long school?

(come) to this

2

How long book?

you

(use)
  this

3

Which book

you

(have)

before this one?
4 How long             you          (know)
your teacher?

•
What have they been doing?
3
Make a sentence
about the people using an idea from the box. Add because and say what they've
been doing.
He's hot because he's
been running.
hot back hurts paint on her clothes dirty hands no money tired eyes hurt
wet red face
4
Complete these
sentences in the Present Perfect Simple about some of the people in exercise 3.
                                 (run)
five miles.                                                          h
2
•lhey        (spend)
all their money.
3
She (read) five
books today. cg_J 4 They (play) six games.
     5 He                       (make) a cake and a pie.
Getting information
5 Work with a partner. Your teacher
will give you different information about the life and career of Steven
Spielberg, the movie director. Ask and answer questions to complete the
information.

Student A
Steven
  Spielberg was born in _ (Where?) He is one of the most successful filmmakers
  of the late 20th century, and in his career he has earned millions of
  dollars.
Where was Steven Spielberg born?

Student B
Steven Spielberg was born in Ohio.
  He is one of the most successful filmmakers of the late 20th century, and in
  his career he has earned         (How much?)

He was born
in Ohio.
HOW much has
he earned?

VOCABULARY
Word formation
These
words appeared in the last few units. Complete the charts and mark the stress.

Noun

Verb

Noun

Adjective

death

die

valriety

honest

advertise

mad

promise

mystery

feel

'beautiful

ad 'vice

'wealthy

de 'scribe

sac'

in'vention

'comfortable

'government

peace

2   Complete the sentences with a word
from exercise l.
me that
you'll always love me.
                                              He
was taken to hospital by ambulance, but he was             on arrival.
3   (Are they   ?' 'Yes, they're
millionaires.'
'Where
does their money come from?' 'They have a very    business.' 4 I love the             and
quiet of the countryside.
5   I saw an   for a job as a waiter.
6   The sofa was so        that I fell
asleep.
7   I gave the police a  of the man who
attacked me.
8   I had a     problems, but Bob gave me
some good
9   I was sitting at home when suddenly I
had a funny              that I wasn't alone.
Adverbs
Complete
the sentences with the adverbs.
                                           I
'Are you going out?'                 . I don't know yet.'
2 The exam was        difficult. I
couldn't do any of it.
3 'How old are you?' (I'm eight. It's my
birthday next week.' 4 1 travel a lot in my job, to Europe. 2 Complete the
sentences with the adverbs.
seriously exactly carefully fluently
1    1 used to speak French           , but
I've forgotten it now.
2    Please drive            . The roads
are so dangerous.
£3.52 to last until the end of the week.
                                          4
There was an accident, but fortunately no one was              injured.
•

READING AND SPEAKING A funny way to earn a living
I Play
the alphabet game with jobs.
architect,
accountant, businessman, bookseller,
2   What is considered to be a good job in
your country? What's an average salary?
3   Look at the pictures and the
headlines, and look at the three texts for ten seconds only. Answer the
questions.
I Do they have regular
jobs?
2    Do they like their job?
3    Each headline contains one of these
words. What's the difference between them?

life
lively living

4    Choose one of the texts, and read it
more carefully. Answer the questions.
I Does
he/she work indoors or outdoors?
2    How long has he/she been doing this
job?
3    What does he/she do in his/her job?
4    What did he/she do before?
5    Does he/she do the same thing every
day?
6    HOW much does he/she earn?
7    Why does he/she like the job?
5 Find two partners Who
read the Other two texts.
Compare
the three people. Now answer the questions.
Who
earns the most?
 Who earns the least?
 What sort of things has Terry found?
4    Why do Tesco's employ older people?
5
How long has Cathy
been flying balloons?
6    What is Terry*s philosophy on life?
7
Why didn't Tom
phone When he saw the advertisement?
8    How many hours a day does Cathy work?
What
do you think?
What is your idea of the
best and worst jobs in the world?
Language
work
Find
five adverbs that end in -ly in the text about the beachcomber on p 107.
     Unit13    Earning a
living

Lively Tom, 69, skates for Tesco
He gets paid for putting on his roller
skates
om
Hopperton is one of 1,200 over-65s working for the supermarket, Tesco. He's
been working there for fifteen months. Before that he was a plumber for thirty
ycars.
Tom
skates about five miles a day around the storc fetching things for customers
who realize that they've forgotten something only when they've reached the
checkout till. He earns £4.50 an hour.
'I just
love the job. I help the customers, so they're usually very nice to me. I'vc
always liked mccting people. And it keeps me fit. I can't sit at home doing
nothing. I'd just die. I have to keep busy. Time goes really quickly. Every day
is different.
Tesco's
made the decision to employ people of all ages. It sees the advantages of older
workers who are more calm and authoritative when they arc dealing with
customcrs.
'When I
saw this job advertised, I didn't believe thcv'd give it to me,' says Tom. 'I
wcnt in to see them bccausc I thought they would be put off by my age if I just
phoned. I wanted them to see that I am very lively for my age.'

Life's
a beach
Is it possible to make a living from what you can find on the beach?
For 25 years 'IQrry Cemrn was a policeman, but for the last seventeen
years he has been walking up and down five miles of beach every day, looking
for things that might be useful to someone. Terry's a beachcomber.
Nearly everything in his cottage has come from the sea — chairs, tables,
even tins of food. What's the most unusual thing he has ever found? 'A barrel
of beer just before Christmas. That was nice,' he remembers. He finds lots of
bottles with messages in them, mainly from children. They all get a reply if
there's an address in the bottle. Shoes? 'If you find one, you'll find the
other the next week,' he says.
But does he really make a living? 'Half a living,' he replies. I barter
with a lot of things I find, and I have my police pension. But I don't actually
need money. My life is rich in variety.'
Terry seems to be a very happy man. 'You have to find a way to live a
simple, honest life. People spend all their lives chasing things they don't
really need. There's so much waste.'
'Some people say I'm mad,' says Terry. 'But there are a
lot more who'd like to do what I do. Look at me. I've got everything that I
could possibly want.'
Flying for a living
Cathy has made a career out
Of her passion
athy
Moorhead has only ever had one job. She has never wanted to do anything but be
in a hot air balloon, going where the wind takes her, listening to the birds,
and watching deer and small animals below her.
And she
gets paid for it, about £25,000 a year. 'I've been flying balloons since
I was 10, and I have done it professionally for twelve years. I fly between 10
and 20 passengers in different balloons.' The flights usually last an hour, and
they go early in the morning or just before sunset. "The trips are always
mystery tours,' she says. never know where we're going to land.'
She
starts work about 6 am, and works anything from 15 hours a day to nothing, if
the weather is bad. (We can't ny if it's too windy, if visibility is poor, or
if it's raining. The balloon gets too heavy and the passengers get wet.' What's
the best thing about the job? 'The job itself. I love being out in the
countryside and I hate routines. So this is heaven for me.'
•

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Giving
news
1
Craig has left home and
has just started his first job in advertising. He's on the telephone to his
mother.
Listen
to his side of the conversation.
Work with a partner and decide if these statements are true (V) or false
Craig starts work at
eight o'clock every morning.
2
His mother is worried
that he hasn't been eating well.
He goes
home immediately after work.
4
Craig's mother has not heard about Tessa before.
Craig
and Tessa share a flat.
Tessa has been working for the advertising agency longer than Craig.
Craig's
father has been working in Holland.
Craig's
father has been working hard all day.
His
mother is coming to London next Thursday.
Craig and Tessa are going
to cook a meal for his mother.
2  Listen to Craig again. Your teacher will stop the recording. What do
you think his mother said?
Listen to the
complete conversation and compare your ideas.
Language
work
Read the tapescript on PI 27. Underline examples of the Present Perfect
Simple and Continuous.
Roleplay
I Read Ruth's diary. Work with a partner. One ofyou is Ruth. It's Friday
evening and you have phoned your friend for a chat.

exhausted.
terrible week!

            Hi, there. I'm                                    have
you been doing?
I've had a
2 Work
with a partner.
It is Friday evening. One Of you has decided to phone the other for a
chat. Ask and answer questions about what you've been doing this week.
13 • Earning a living

1
  Look
  at these telephone expressions.
Who's speaking?
Is that Mike?
This is JohnYlt's John.
        (NOT Here45John, or     John.)
2     Complete
  these expressions from the telephone conversations.
        Could
  I                  Ann Baker?
he's
  out at the moment.
Can
  I take a later.
3
  What
  do these mean?
Hold
  on. I'll connect you. Speaking.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Telephoning
I Practise saying
these telephone numbers.
020 7927 4863 01923 272994 0797 0800 994
633488 061 44 501277 07880 705024 Listen and check.
2
Listen
to some phone numbers in American
English.
What differences are there between British and American English?
3
Listen
to three phone conversations and decide:
•  who
is speaking to who.
•  what
about.
•  how
well they know each Other.
4   Look
at the tapescript on p127/8. Practise the conversations with a partner.
5   Your
teacher will give you a role card. Prepare what you are going to say alone,
then be ready to make a call or answer the phone.
Love you and leave you
Past Perfect • Reported statements •
Saying goodbye

         STARTER              Match
the lines about John and Mary.
A LOVE
STORY
Past Perfect
1 Texts A and B are summaries of a magazine love story. Read and compare
them.
A The
story so far
Saskia
met Bradley at a party one
Saturday
night in June. They fell in love and got married the following Saturday.
After
the wedding, Bradley moved into Saskia's flat. Saskia rang her parents and told
them that she was marriedThey were furious.
Unfortunately, after a few months,
Bradley
began to behave very strangely and his marriage to Saskia started to go wrong .
no

They met each other

every week.

They've known each other

when they met.

They see each other

for a long time.

They were living in New York

a long time ago

They had never been to New York

before.

B The story so far .
Saskia
and Bradley got married one Saturday in June. They had met only one week
earlier at a party and had fallen in love. After the wedding, Saskia rang her
parents and told them that she was married, and that Bradley had moved into her
flat. They were furious.
Unfortunately, after a few months, their marriage started to go wrong.
Bradley had begun to behave very strangely .

GRAMMAR SPOT
I In Which text are the events Of the
Story told in chronological order? What tense are all the verbs in this text?
How is
this idea expressed in text B?
They met at a party and fell in love. Which two tenses are used in text
B?
3 Whats the difference between these sentences? they were leaving. When
we arrived they left.
they had left.
Grammar
Reference 14.1 p142
Read and
listen to text B on PI 10 and underline all the examples of the Past Perfect.
Read the text aloud and pay attention to contracted forms.
3 Are
the following statements about Saskia and Bradley true (V) or false (X)? Correct
the false ones
1    When Saskia and Bradley got married,
they had known each other for a year.
2    When Saskia told her parents about the
wedding, Bradley had already moved into her flat.
3    Her parents were angry because she
hadn't phoned them for a long time.
4    The marriage started to go wrong, and
then Bradley began to behave very strangely.
PRACTICE
Speaking
1
The story continues. Work
with a partner. Tell the story in the order of the pictures.
On Friday
evening when Bradley returned from work, he his suitcase.
2
Then he .
3
and .
ÁítöíúíI
4
Saskia home.
2 Which
of these sentences is true? Explain why.
was packing.
When Saskia arrived home,
Bradley packed.
had packed.
Tell the
story again, but begin at picture 4. When Saskia arrived home, Bradley .
•

Grammar and pronunciation
4
Make sentences from the
chart below.
                          was iri a                                                    fallen
over playing football.

hurt

done the homework.

Our teacher

died

passed all my exams.

My leg

was delighted

because

had a party the night before.

The plants

was angry

forgotten to water them.

The house

was hungry

hadn't

had a busy day.

                           went to bed
early                                        had any breakfast.
Listen
and check. Practice saying the sentences.
5
The had in the Past
Perfect tense is often contracted.
I'd
passed my exams. (The 'd is sometimes difficult to hear.)
('d is
also the contracted form of would: I'd like to come.)
Listen to the sentences. Put a tick (V) ifthe sentence contains had. Put
a cross (X) if it doesn't.
      2 a                          9
a 10 a
6
Put the verbs into the
correct tense, Past Simple or Past Perfect.
The story con±inmes
Saskia (1) (read) Bradley's letter and then she (2) (walk) slowly into
the
kitchen.
Earlier that day she (3) (buy) his favourite food for dinner, now she (4)
(throw) it into the rubbish bin. Why (5) he (do) this to her? She remembered how
happy they (6) (be) in the beginning. They (7) (laugh) a lot then.
Saskia (8) (feel) desperate. One hour later the phone (9) (ring)
in the
flat
7 Read the end of the story. What happened before? Write your ideas in
groups.
The end of the story
Bradley took Saskia in his arms and said, 'Forgive me, my darling. I'm so
happy we're together again — this time it's forever!'
14

WHAT DID SHE SAY?
Reported
statements
 Listen and complete what Mary says
about John in A.

A
  What does Mary say?

John
  very much.' six months ago.' in love before.' very happy.' him forever,'   him
  this evening.

2
Read
and listen to B.

B What did Mary tell you?

She
  told me/said that..
she loved John very much.
they had met six months
  ago.
she
  had never been in love before they were very happy, she would love him
  forever. she was seeing him that evening.

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 A
  is direct speech. B is reported speech. What are the tense changes from
  direct to reported speech?
How are say and tell used to introduce
  reported speech?
Grammar
  Reference 14.2 p142

3
Practise
the sentences using contracted forms where possible.
PRACTICE
An
interview
T 14.6 Listen to an interview with the
writer Carmen Day, who wrote One Short Hot Summer.
2   Complete
this report of the interview with the correct verb forms.

Check
it
3   Report
these statements.                'l like Anna,' said Jim.
 'I'm staying with my aunt,' said Anna.
Mr Walker phoned before lunch,' Sue
said.
'He didn't leave a
message,' she added.
4   'l
don't think it'll rain,' said Ken.
 'Ken's gone home,' Sue said.
'He
went early,' she added.
6
'I'll ring you this evening,' Anna told Jim.
.

READING AND SPEAKING
The tale of two silent brothers                                         3
Read the first part of the story.

PART ONE I A death in the family
There were once two brothers, John
  and Robert Hessian. John was 52 years old, Robert 49. They had never married
  and they lived together in a house in Oldcastle in the north of England. They
  lived together, they ate meals together but they never spoke a single word to
  each other. They hadn't spoken to each other for ten years, ever since they
  had had a quarrel. Whenever they wanted to communicate they wrote notes.
One evening the brothers were sitting together after supper. They were
  both wearing black because their older sister, Mary, had recently died. John
  wrote a note to Robert: Mr Liversage is coming to visit. (Mr Liversage was
  their solicitor.) Robert wrote: Why?
John wrote: don't know. He phoned
  and said that he wanted to see us.
At that moment there was a knock at the door. It was
  the solicitor, Mr Powell Liversage. He had been to school with the brothers
  and was an old friend. He too was unmarried.
'How are you, Powell?' asked Robert.
'Very well,' he replied. 'I've come
  to tell you about your sister's will. Did you know that she had left a will?'
'No,' answered John and Robert
  together. 'How much did she leave?'
'£12,000. But let me read you the will.'

get make have remaln
kiss

a bachelor all his life a coin revenge a will a quarrel and
  make up a solicitor about something

I
Sometimes in families there are arguments and family members don't speak to
each other for a long time. Has this ewer happened to anyone you know?
2 You are going to read about two
brothers who didn't speak to each other for many years. These expressions are
in the text. Match the verbs and phrases.
What do you think?
Discuss these
questions with a partner before you read part two.
Why do you think the brothers quarrelled? Do you think they quarrelled
about:
•
money? • the
house?              • a woman?
What do you think is in the will? Do you think:
•
the sister leaves
the brothers [6.000 each?
•
she leaves all the
money to one brother? Which one?
•
she leaves them
the money on certain conditions? What conditions?
14

4 Read part two and find out if your ideas
are correct.

nvo
    I The Will
Mr
    Liversage took the will out of his pocket and began to read.

What
do you think?
Discuss these questions as a class before you
read part three.
• What do you think will
happen?
• What will John and
Robert do?
• Who will marry Annie?
5
Read part three and find out if your ideas are correct.

PART
  THREE I To marry or not to marry?
The two brothers sat and thought for a long time. Ten
  years ago when Annie was a young woman of 27, both John and Robert had been
  in love with her. They had had a violent quarrel and some terrible things
  were said. Afterwards they had both wanted to make up and be friends again
  but by this time they had stopped speaking to each other, so neither of them
  learned that the other had decided not to marry Annie.
At
  two o'clock in the morning John spoke: 'Why don't we toss a coin for Annie?
  Heads or tails?
'Tails,' said Robert. But it was heads. The
  next evening John went round to Annie's house. Powell Liversage was just
  leaving when he arrived.

So in the end neither brother married Annie. They are
  still bachelors to this day, but at least they are now talking to each other
  again. And Annie? Well, she got her revenge and now she's very happily
  married.
ADAPTED
  FROM A SrORY BY ARNOLD BENNET

What
do you think?
Discuss these questions with a partner. Then
tell the class your ideas.
•
What
happened when John went to Annie3 house?
•   Why
didn't Annie marry either brother?
•   Who
did she marry?
•   Who
got the money?
Your teacher will tell
you what actually happened.
Language
work
Complete the sentences using the Past
Perfect.
 John and Robert didn't speak to each
other because
2 They were wearing black because . 3
They didn't know that their sister . 4
Mary said in her will that .
5
When
Annie was 27, both brothers
6
Annie
told John that she wouldn't marry him or his brother because .
•

Talk
  to me by Bruce Springsteen

Well,
  every night I see a               up in your window

light

man

But
  every night you won't               the door

come
  to

answer

But
  although you won't               let me in

never

From
  the street I can see your                sitting close to him

silhouette

shadow

What must I do?
What does it take To get you to
Talk to me
Until the night is over
Talk to me
Well until the night is over, yeah yeah yeah
   I got a full week's                                                     pay       stay
    And baby I've been
working hard               day         all          each
      I'm not                for
the world, you see                    asking looking
I'm just asking, girl
Talk to me

Well
  late at night I hear music that

   you're playing                and low
Yes
  and late at night I see the two of

soft         loud

    you                 , so close
I
  don't understand darling, what was

sitting
  swaying

my

mistaQ6 S

Why
  am I down here below

while when

you're up there with him?
What did I do?
What did I say? What must I pay to get
you to talk to me
3 T 14.8 Listen again
and check.
14
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Saying goodbye
I Match
the sentences with the correct photos.
b
'Goodbye! Have a safe journey. Send us a postcard!' 'Goodbye. Thank you
for a lovely evening.' 'You must come to us next time.'
'Goodbye. It has been most interesting talking to you. We'll let you know
by post.
"Bye!
See you later. Are you doing anything tonight?'
'Bye-bye! Thank you very much for
having me.' 'Goodbye. Here's my number. Please get in touch if you have any
problems with it.'
'Goodbye!
Drive carefully and call us when you get there!
'Goodbye! Good luck in the future. I've really enjoyed our lessons
together!'
Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences. 3 Make more
conversations for these situations:
•
parents saying
goodbye to son/daughter leaving home to share a flat with friends
•
saying goodbye to
friends after spending a holiday with them
•
saying goodbye to
your teacher/boss after finishing school/work on Friday
•
saying goodbye to
teachers/schoolfriends when you leave school
•

Tapescripts
Unit 1
Maurizio
My
name's Maurizio Celi_ I                  Bologna, a city the north of Italy        a
student at the
Of                       Studying languages - English
and Russian. I also  a little Slumish, so I can speak four languages, I'm
enjoying the Course a lot. but it's really work. The                        started
          years ago.
      I
live at home                                   and my SLSter.
My
bmther Went to work the United States
After I
graduate, I'm going to work as a translator, I hope so,
Carly
Ili_ My                    Carly and I
Conte front Australia.
But I live
Dave and
our three children. I carne to Britain fifteen vcarsago when I got married.
I'm a
student with the Open University. This means I watch special the television and
work at home. I to teacher every I'm Studying art and the coarse is really interesting. At
the moment, I'm reading about Italian painters in Italian, which is difficult
because I only speak a little Italian!
My
course a it'S three years I graduate, going to 100k for a iOb in art gallery or
reading
a good book.
What kind of do you like? My mother's a very kind person.
Can I'd
like a can of Coke,  i•That does this mean? Some people are very •They don't likT spending
their money.
is a flat Country.
DO Vou Want to play football?
We saw a play at the theatre.  The train's coming.
Athletes have 10 train very hard.
 The phone's              g
What a
lovely ring you're wearing!
Mrssnell
I'vc got a new neighbour. He moved in a weeks ago. He's
got a job,               I                      him leaving the house every
morning and in           He's a            I think. He    and a              so
it can't be a very good job. Sometimes he comes home late.
I've never spoken to him. When he sees me, he
Says hello,
but I don't answer back has introduced                       How              I
speak to

is living
with                I                      it'S not unusual these days,                   I
still don't like it, hoys and girls living together and not married.
1.1 - 25
It's such a         flat _ I don't           how
two                          houses on one            and          a               a
         I          live there.                                                                 very
beautiful                It's got a      Of
He had a
party last week. Forty people! The and people love the countryside, noise! It
went on until two in the Ile Oh, we're Very good at rugby and cricket. said
sorry the next day, but it was a bit late by My country is the northrrn part of
a
        I didn't sleep all night _                                                     a'untry,
hut            got our
Oh, there's the               I can               He'S               arc
just         5 million us. We've got going out        his girlfriend. I                   What             a
lot of muntains.              there are also lots Of they're doing tonight.
Having a good time,              lakes, and islands. Pe»ple come to my
Going to the pub, probably.                                                   c.»untry
to fish. Oar salmon is famous all over the             And We also produce a
very
                  Steve                                                                          famous
drink called whisk½
moved into this flat a few                   ago,                I'm                  I
come from big country. It                    a lot Of really enjoying living              There's          wide
open    We have a population Of bedroom, and at          moment my sister is
Staying                 . almost        these people have with    for a               all
                  the world. We have big,
I work in advertising. It'S hard "'ark, and the      cosmopolitan
Cities, but a lot of people live hours arc really long, hut like it. And it's     on
farms,      and in            towns. We paid. The office is really                   No
                 wears a          baseball and                       —                   Of
football. And wc lo•.e• to eat hamburgers
     The         th'ng I don't like
about this flat is                     with fries,        apple pie        ice-cream.
one of the neighbours, Mrs Snell. I think her name is. She's really
strange. She never speaks to
I       Say hello to her, and 'Arc you a            A Do you     a car?
right?' and 'What a lovely day  but                 B Yes, 1 do.
says    she                 like                 C
No, I don't. people _    A Have you got a car? I had a party a                         days
ago. It  wasn't           B Yes, I have. very                        About ten
Of Were           until              C No, I haven't.
and then we went out to a club, When I
saw Mrs       D I don't have a computer,
Snell the next day, I said I hoped there                               I
haven't got a computer.
E
much noise, but usual she didn't say Funny lady.
ThlS evening my sister and I are going to Visit a friend Of ours it'
hospital, and then Where he fmm? going out for a Chinese meal. Is she
have amy brothers and sisters? he got
                                                                                HOW
       brothers and Sisters has she got?
        • How arc you?' 'Fine.
thanks.'                                 What does he do?
What does she do in    time? 'Ilovv do you do?'  do                   Where
do they on holiday?
         'See you                                                                        What's
she doing at the moment?
'Good
night!' 'Sleep well!'
'Good
morning!' •Good morning!'
7 "Hello, I 'm Ela Paul.'
Ela_•              have breakfast                     wash my hair
I help you?' watch a film on TV talk to
my friends I l 'Have a good weekend!' "Same to you!'              make a
cup of tea
12    you very much indeed.'      listen to
music
        •Not at all. Don't mention
it.'                                    relax an the sofa
13    'Make    at home:       do mv
• That's
very kind. Thankhave a
clear up do the washing-up have or put posters on the wall
Unit
2
cook a meal go to
put on read magazines d Well , my got a population of
. about three and a halt'                 it'S not a       T 2.5              Home
Truths big               Most of the  are from        P — p resent er C Carol M
= Mike
Europe, hut about twelve per cent are                 D
= Dave A Al n they were the original inhabitants.                    of                    P
Hello and wela»me to the programme. Today people live in                  which
are     going to hear just What couples

Of each other.              drives            mad
about your partner? Here's Carol, about her husband, Mike.
C Well, there area lot of arguments about in           house.
He gets the remote control       channels, so
I never
See What I want to. All wants to watch is football, football, football. WIten I
try to talk to him, he doesn't listen because he's watching the TV. And he newer remembers anything —
birthdays, when wing out — nothins½ I to do it all. I Where we're on
holiday, What Car to buy. He can't a deciAon to save his life.
p so
there we have Carol's opinion , What does say about her?
M When
we're out in the car she's driving, She doesn't Change gearS_ She's somebody or Other, and not thwking
driving at all. I want to shout at her 'Change now!' but I don't. When I want to
watch something on television, like . the She  wants to watch a or a film. And
another thing. She'S ahsays on the phone. She spends hours talking to daughter,
and do you know whert• she lives? Just round the
corner,  But what do they think of their marriage?
Here's
C Well, I
can't Change him I'll jwst have to put up With  And Mike?
M Wc've
been married for twenty-five years, she's the only for
 And now we have another couple, Dave
and Alison. Oh, and by the way, Dave's an electrician,
A             drives                          mad
is that he
Starts a
job never fmishes it. At Bork so professional, but at 'f I want a hght in the
bedroom changed, it takes months. And he's so untidy. He just drops the floor,
I keep saying that I don't to be his mother as well as wife.
                   we go out, he                  scruffy,
even
When
dressed up. His clothes are so Old • fashioned. He never throws anything
Oh,
dear, Now what does Dave have to say about Alison?
D
Well, she's ready time. She always finds to do we're always late, Wherever We
go. She'S usually doing her hair or her makeop while I'm saying 'Comc on love,
it's time to go.' And she loses things. She forgets where she parked the Car,
she leaves keys in the most stupid places. But What is most annoying about
Alison is that She'S right!
P And
their ftna] opinions about each other?
A He's
great. He's good fun, and he's ane a milhon.
D See?
As I said, she's always right!
P so,
there we                    My nks t o Carol d Mike, and Dave and Alison.
T 2.6
J =
James M = Maria
I J Hello. Wha t your na
are you
from?
what do you
do?
how long have you been here in London,
Maria7 Mmonths.
 Arc you having a good time?
M Mm Yes.
 Can I get you a coffee?
M No.
 Are you missing your family at all?
you got any brothers or sisters?
M Yes
Er Oh! Er what
do they do?
M They are Students Oh I've got a Class now. Goodbye, Maria.
S - Sylvia      Jean-Paul
Hello.
What's your
Jean-Paul,
And "'hat'S your
               Sylvia. Where         you
from,
I        from              the most romantic City in the
whole   And Wu, Sylvia, where do I come from Scotland. What do        do in
Paris?
I'm an
             Oh, really?
Yeah. I                     beautiful buildings for people With lots Of  very
expensive.
Haw
interesting, how long have you           a teacher,
Iny           Sylvia so Sorry. Sylvw• is the Sylvia, sorry.
      Don't worry, I like it. I've been
working herc for             years. And do                     enjoy it?
Yes.
much You meet a lot of people Sorts Of different countries. I like that Very
Are enjoying it here?
Very, very much. learning a lot of
English, I'm making a lot Of friends, and the fimd's not bad! Well, I'm not dead
yet, and I've been here for five weeks. Sylvia, Can I get you a cofTLQ got a few minutes before my next
class, so that would be lovely. Thank you much  dcm't wc
 What a lovely day it is today!
Yes.
Beautiful, isn't it?
 It's very wet today,
Mm. I      Makes you feel miserable, t it?
 HOW are you today? very well, thanks. How about  Did you have a nice weekend?
it
lovely Wc had a pub lunch and wen: for a walk _
 HO"' are you                   living
in enjoying it. It    a                      strange at first, but I'm getting
used to it _  Did you have a good journey:
Yes, no
problems.        plane              a bit late, but it dKln't matter,
you
watch the football
        No, I                it           it
a
        What a lovely                        wearing:
Thank      I got it in Pans last year, If you have any     ask
me for help.
you very much. •That's very kind of
Unit
3

handbag.
 Thev left at five o'clock.
7 When
they left, Russell watched TV.
 The police caught the burglars the next day.
hungry,
a
strange I bought some more.
10 I
told a joke hut nobody laughed.
Hamds
up, I've got a bwger!
Tuesday a  with just a hot hamburger in a bag Stole $1,000 a bank in Danville,
California.
Police Detective           McGinnis said that the
"'ho was          a mask, entered the Mount Diablo Nati«mal flank at                   1.30
p.m. and gave            teller a note demanding   He claimed that he          a
bomb in the bag. The teller said she could            a distinct      of coming
from the bag. Even so, She handed the money to the                       As he
was running out of the hank, dropped the bag With the harnburgez I le                 in
a car that waiting for him outside.
Teenage
party in When Jack and Kelly uent away on holiday, they left their teenage daughter alone in the
house, Zoë, aged I b, wanted to Stay at hame because was for exams. Her
she have friends to stay.
However,              declded to have
a party. Everyone

2.6 3.5

was
havlng a when suddenly things Started to go Forty uninvited guests arrived,
some Of were Ihcy broke furniture, smashed windows, and stole
When Mr
Mrs Harman heard the news, they came home immediately,
A radio drama — The perfect crime
A — Alice H = Henry P = Detective Pa
T                    Taylor FI and F2 = Friends Alick•      is
a happily She loves her babv son, and she adores her husband,
Henry, 'IOnight is her tenth wedding anniversary, some friends are coming round to have a
drink. l'.wrythlng seems perfect                      hut Alice'S lilQ• is           to
A
Ilello. darling. Have some beer.
H Sil
I've gol to say. I'm Sorrv. I know a to tell It's our anniversary. But it's
that Kathy I are in love. Bobby won't miss me, he's too
Come quickly. It'S awful has happened to him.
 Detective Parry, Mrs Jackson. Where
is he? A In the kitchen. Is he all right?
 lie's dead.
A NO, no, not Henry! My Oh Henry!' P What happened?
A I
was putting the baby to bed upstairs. And I just came downstairs and found
lying on the kitchen
T Burglars
P Sit Mrs
Sergeant Taylor, get Mrs a A brandy with some ice. phew! It'S in this roonL I
hope you understand, Jackson, that we have search the house immediately, We must the weapon,
A Yes, yes. Of
P What          that ?
T It's
this statue, sir. It's melting.
T Phew! Can I have a glass of water,
Mrs Jackson? It's so hot in here.
P I think we all need one. And with
ice, Poor Alice!
F2
Poor Henry! I don't believe it. What a shock for you!

the eighth Of January, nineteen
ninety-eight January the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight the sixteenth of July,
mneteen eighty-five the Sixteenth, nineteen eight½five
the twenty-fifth                                  two
thousand and
Januarv eighth. nineteen
July
Sixteenth, nineteen eighty-five
November twenty-fifth, tun two
3.6 — 5.1
Good morning.
Can I have a black coffee,

June the fourth

please

the fifth of August

Esp

the thirty-first of July

A

 please. Oh,         a doughnut,
  please.

March the first

B

I'm afraid there aren't any left.
  We've got

          the third

some delicious carrot cake, and chocolate

 twenty-first of

 elghly-eighl

cake ,

of April, nineteen eightv

  the cleanth, nineteen sixty-five

A

 t hanks.

the eighteenth of October, two

That'll be S 1.85, please.

  the thirty-first, two thousand

live

A

Thank you,

December the second, nineteen
ninety-sixOK. Ca.ot cake, then. the fifth (i•rtair.ly_ Is that all?
Unit 4                                                                                A IH'0k of           first Class
stamps. please.    pounds eighty, please.
                                                                                A How                 is this
 •twenty-eight pounds tìftv.
A
white             and
three rolls. please. That'll be         pound eighty-tm p. much do I               you
B
Tm•lve            twenty
Cents.
 A HOW
'Did you meet anvone nice at the party?'            B Fifteen thousand
dollars, 'Yes. I met someone who                  you:'               A What a fantastic house!
'Ouch! "l 'here's something in myDarling!
It cost half a
                               No, I can't                                     anything:please.
      •Let's                          hot
for our holidays:
• But we can't go anywhere that'S
A hundred and sixty dollars.
'I'm so unhappy. Nobody loves me.' know somebody who  you, MC,'
  I  my  I              I  Unit
5
find
• Did you buy anything
     'NO, nothing. I didn't          any
I'm
bored. I n•ant something interesting to
read. or someone interesting to talk to, or          When
I grow up, I want to be a ftu•thaller somewhere interesting to and play for
Manchester United,                       I a great party. Everyone loved it.     r
n lats af       After that, I'm
want to ea to an and fly in a rocket to Mars and Jupiter. And I'd like
people in the world and al/ the the world to he happ,•.
A
Hello, Can I help
you<                      Mel
B
I'm just looking,
thanks.                    I've finished my first              at Bristol
      B I'm looking for a jumper like
this, but in                                       and no"'        going
to
Have you got one?               off.
My boyfriend and I  round the A I'll just have a Size are you? We hope t"  we B
Medium.                   want to meet people from all over the world.
A   Here you are.          and see how
different people live their lives.
B    That's great. Can I trv it on?      Justin
A                                                                                changing
rooms arc over               What I'd really like to do,                      I'm
mad about planes and everything to do with flylng,               business
A
It fits you very
well.               with planes, something like a flying school.
B
How much is
it? married next June, so I can't do I'm getting anything about it vet, but I'm
going to start it,              looking this time year. A 'low would you like
to pay?
        B Cash _                                                                                is
               I            plays.
MY great
help       I'm looking  this                Three
have been                already, two in month's edition of vague. Can you tell
me          Edinburgh and one in Oxford. Hut my secret where it is;'            ambition
and this would  the best thing Over there. Middle shelf. Next to    in my life     I
                     to have          of my
A
Hello. I if help
me. I've plays perfomed the stage. That got a cold and a "'re thrœlt.
Can you would give Something for it?
B
OK. You can take
these three times a day.   Were thinking of moving, because the kids A Thank
you, Could I have some tissues as  are                  soon. Mcg's eighteen,
she's well, please?                     doing her A  this year, so with a bit
of
Sure Anything else?     luck. she'll be off to                m•xt
year And A No,            all,                   Kate's fifteen. Jack and I
both enjoy walking,

      Alison                                                                            Am'
that old north wind begins to blow
Well,
I've just broken my arm, so what I Keep really want to do is to to the health
And club as soon as I really enjoy And soon I'll be knocking on your door.
swimming. At my age. it's 10 stay Hey, ain't it good to know that you've got a
fit, and I want be able to off fri•the Windy City' and
Without feeling going People can so cold to retire next year, and I'm
looking forward They'll hurt desert F What are the people like?
      to having more time to do the thinys
want             Well,            take your wul if you let them.                        T
They're very interesting. You meet peaplc

to da_

Oh, yeah, but don't you let them.

 all Over the world.

(Chorus)

 F

What are the buildings like?
A lot Of them are Very, very tall.
  The

 A I hope to go to•rawer is 110 storeys high.
       B What do         want to
study?                                                                                today,'                       What are the restaurants
 A One of my favourite hobbies is cooking.          T They're very good.
You Can find food B WI-.at do you like making?        feel Very well. I think
I'm getting theemuntry in the world.
A   I          terrible headaches.What'S the night-life like•
'When
did               start getting them?             'Why don't you go home to
bed?'        T Oh, wonderful. There'S lots to do in planning  holidays at  'I'm feeling a
lot better, thanks. I've  lot                  Chicago.
the
moment.
B    Where are you thinking of going?                   'That's
          I'm pleased to                     it.'                   lödd's
world tour
 A I'm tired,                                                                                really
excited.        going      holiday to               Melbourne        interesting,
              me,
      B What would you like to do
tonight?                          Australia tomorrow.'                                                     was
more interesting than                     and in
                                                                                'That's
great. Have a good time.'                               some ways Dubai was the
most                   Of
                                                                                'I'm fed up with this weather. It's
so wet and                      it was so different from any other place I
•   What are the lads doing this        miserable.'   It
                    also the hottest, driest, and most
     'They're going to watch a               match.                                      We
really need          sunshine, don't           modern. It            hot in
Melbourne but not hot
                                                                        Arsenal
are playing at home.'as in Dubai. Dubai                                                                                hotter!
MellM)urne
      I've dropped one.'                                                                      tired.
I                get to Sleep                       is much older than Dubai
but not as old Paris.
"I'll
pick it up for you.'                     night.'            Paris              the
oldest City I visited,  it has some 'Thank            kind.'             •poor
you! That happens to me sometimes. I           modern buildings, too. It Was
the most
•   What's Ali doing next   just read in
bed,'                     place. I loved it.
    'She'S going to travel round the
world.'                                  a bit norried. My                         going
'Oh, lucla• her!'           into hospital tests_• phone's ringing,' to hear that, but
sure he'll be
    'It's OK. I'll answer it, I'm
expecting a call.'                   all right.'                                                                                seep48

 Jack likes fishing.  the Country.

to move

If the Sky              you
"l urns dark and full of clouds

very, very romantic, especially
I can take you there sometime.

May.

And I'll he             yt%h, yeah.
  yeah.

F*'eryth'ng that        imagine!
wonderful Old buildings but lots of

what it's
  like when the days are so short.

You've got a friend.

interesting modern ones too. And of
  coarse

 So what it like?

•

I haven't                        any
money.'      'I feel really depressed at the moment.
•   Don't   I'll lend you Nothing's     right
in          life,'
'Thanks. I •Il pay         back               I                      'Cheer
up!    can't bc that had!'              A I moved to a                   flat
last week. forge t       Oh, really?   it like?

 'What are you and Pete doing
  tonight?'

A

Well, it's bigger than my old one but it

"We're going out to have a meal. It's my

isn't as modern, and it's             fmm
  the

birthday.'

Unit 6

shops.

A
I hear Sandy and
Al broke up.
B
Sandy's got a new boyfriend.
Oh, really? What's he like?
                                                                                A
Well, he's            nicer than Al        much
•   "Odd E -Ellen
You're so lucky, ' Ihdd. You travel all over the more handsome. happier I
never leave Chicago! than She'S for a long Wc have a teacher.
T Yeah —   it's                  work.
I just practisc, tennis the time.  Oh, really? What'S She practise,          and
play
A                 I think she's the hest teacher I               get
tinte
                                                                                E
What about last year? VThere did you go? Tell                     ever had. Our
                    was good but
She'S
even better 'Wd she works us much me about it.
harder.  well - in J an               I was in         for the
                                                                                Australian
           It•s a beautiful city, wrt of                  A Is that your new
car?
Well,
it's second-hand, but it's new to me. big    very               like Chicago
A What's it like? a nice mixture of old and need a
helping hand                     buildings. January's their summer so it was                    B
Well. it's  than my old car and more
                                                                                it's
                             to
And nothing, hut nothing is going right hot when I was there, run. I love
it! Close your eyes and think of me E And what's like? When were you there?
And so-on 1 will he there                                                        T            e
rua y.          went fi•om Australia to
To brighten up even your darkest
nights,                          Dubai for the           Tennis Open. Boy is
Dubai hot! Hot,                   dry,
very modern.        Bland talks about living in Sweden name,                of really
modern buildinþ, white buildings.                       J —                F
Fr a frie and you know wherever I am                    Interesting place, I
enjoyed it,               When            I I live in      evCTyonc 111 come
running to see you agoin.                       E And Paris! That's where I want
to    What's          always Wants to know about the Winter, spring, summer, or
fall                     Paris like      The seasons?
All you have to do is call                                                         T                                                         Very
lw•autiful,                  Yeah                you know, how cold it is
Winter —
5.2 6.7

Well, it i' cold.                       cold
in winter. sometimes as cold as —26 0 and                   go out
you wrap up warm, but inside, in the houses, it's always very warm, much warmer
than           Swedish people complain that when      visit England the
houses are     in a                  In
Sweden the houses are much better insulated than in Britain and they always
have the healing on very hip,h,
And
what               the
Well.                                                       in
so you really look
Ibrward to the spring, It is sometimes a bit depressing                       the
the           Of
Sweden.
still light at midnight, you can walk in
the mountains and read
Oh, yeah right.                   want
Slay      the of i' .       they start     earlier in then                    at
                   or three in the                    they long summer             to
hard          play hard      I work longer hours,                     I'm not
sure this is a good thing.
So
what              free time? Weekends?
What do Swedish people
like doing?
Well, every house in
Sweden has a sauna „
Well, every house I've
been to. And most people               country cottage.                    like
to leave the                     gel                   Io nature at
These                 are
sometimes quite        —Ito running Water or not toilets and No toilet?
Well,               don't
have toilets but they all have sauna and all the        sil in it
"'gether,
then run and jump into the lake to gel coal.
What!?
Yeah - Swedish people
are very healthy,
Brrr! Or mad!
synonyms
• Mary's family is
very rich.'
•Well,
I              her uncle was          wealthy.'
•Look
at all                      buildings!'
•yes. Paris is much
more modern than I expected,'
'Wasn't

money, but he'S
'He is, isn't he? He's
one of the most generous people I know,'
'Ann's really untidy again!' it? I told her
it was yesterday, and clean it:
bored With this lesson!'
'I know, I'm really fed up with it, too!'
An t
o nymS such an city.'
•Well,
it's nol very cheap:
Sue are so
'They're certainly not
very generous.'
'Their house is always so mesçy,'
"
Mmm        it's not very tidy.'
6.8 — 7.6
'Their
children arc so noisy.' 'Yes, they're certainly not very quiet.' 'John                        miserable:
he's not Very happy.'
•I lis
'Well, she's certainly
not very clever.'
Giving directions go the path, past the
pond, over
I    the gate. Then
vou go acmss the                  the                  wood,
When              Of
                   wood you walk the                and into the church. It
takes five nun utes.
Unit 7
Victorian life. She writes novels about
modern lu•ople and their relationshi1ES.
novels,
travel
She written over   She
Started writing in her thirties.
She          lived the
West Of England for forty lived in Ireland for eighteen years. She  married
daughters, She   the first time in 1906. He was married and had two sons,

Anthony travelled to South Africa, and the Wes: Joanna
has to many parts Of the world.
She has won many awards, and several of her
stories have appeared on 'IV.
Her first came out in 1980, then, She has
sold than wcnl to school in the soulli of England, and studied English al
Oxford Universitv, but she has lived in the country for most of her
She writes her books by hand. She has had the
same pen since 1995.
I     low I o ng has
She lived in the West Of England?
For forty years.
What did she study at university?
       110"' maw,'                    She
than
HO"'
        hooks has She Over five million.
 When
did her first                   come out?
In 1980,
 How               times
has she
 Has she got any children?
Yey„ two daughters.
 HOW long has She had her pen?
Since 1995,
hest friend for years.
We met I O.
I
last went to the cinema two weeks ago. The
film was rubbish.
bad this watch for three years. My Dad it to
for my birthday. We've this book since the beginning of term. It's not bad. I
quite like it,
Wc in our old from 1988 to We moved
because wc bigger,
      We                                    for
an hour. really
Of
I last had a holiday
in 1999. I went camping
school
          1985. that it
A Where do you live,
Olga?
       In            near the
park.
A              long
          you lived there?
For
A
And
why did you move?
B     We
wanted to live in a nicer area.
An interview with the band Style
S —
Suzie G Guy that Was the latest record from
Give                      And
                 who I've got sitting right next                      in the
studio? I've got and Guy                     Who are the of                       Welcome
to the
Thanks a lot.
NOW
voo two have been very busy this year, haven't you? You've had new album out,
and you've been on         HOW are feeling?
pretty tired. We've just got back from Holland, and in
April We Went to Japan and Australia, so yeah , we've travelled a lot this
year.
G But we've made a lot Of friends, had
some fun
 Tell us something about your background.
What did you do before
forming
G
Well, We both played with lot of other bands before up with other. Who have you
played
       Well, over         years
         Sung With Lionel
Richte and Phil
Collins, and a band called Ace. What
about you, Guy?
G I've recorded With
Genesis and UB40,      Of Course, Happy Mondays.

Why
is Happy Mondays important to you? I had first hit record with them, The was
caned Mean Street, and it a hit all the world that was in 1995.  so
how long have you two been together as Style?
 Since
1997. We                   at a                  Studio while I  doing Some
work With Bon We st.u•ted chatting and Guy asked me if I'd like to           With
him, and it all started from there.

but do you play any Yes. I play keyboards.
       Ami            about
you, Guy?
G I play guitar and harmonica. I can
play the drums, but When were doing a We have a backing group.
so where have you two
travelled to?
       Well, I         er I                       think
that

been everywhere, hut we haven't really.
We've Unit 8 toured in Europe, Italy, Holland, and done Japan and Australia,
but newer been Am•rica. TIER's the next like to go. then Eastern F.utope. I 'd
to plav in these places.
G You forgot Sweden, We went there two
nine
till three, then I start again at five thirty and work until eleven. Six days a

G

That's a difficult question, erm

week. So I
  have to work verv unsocial hours.

 about how many?

         And do you have to work at
  the weekend?

Oh, I don't know. perhaps about
  twenty-five.

 Oh, yes, 'Ihat's our busiest time,
  I get

G

Yeah, something like that.

Wedne½aiays off.

 And how long have wu in the music
Sonle of things you have do, business?                Of things you have to
G I guess about fifteen years. I've never had don't
have to do the               so another job. I've only ever been a musician,                   that'S
              I have to wear White, and I have Since I wasto he very careful
about hygiene IAerything
 I've had all                       of
jobs '"hen I left college,                    in the kitchen                     be totally clean
worked as a                  a                      aSS'Stant, a  What'* hard                        the
painter. a                       I Could on and on             You're standing
up all     time. When we're

Well, stop there, because now you're
  a

busy, people get angry and shout, hut that's normal,

member afa band, Suzie and Guy, it was            did                 learn
the profession? great to talk to you, Good luck with the new                  I
did a            at college. In the record.  first                   we had to
learn the basics. had take now for something different. We'reit easy to find a
I wrote to
about six hotels, and one of them gave me my first job, so I didn't have to
wait
'Do you
still play tennis?'
'Not regularly, lust now and                    when
Iat have time,'
 This is a pretty relaxed place There            Attention 10 detail.
You have 10        it. You aren't manv do's and don'ts.    have to be
passionate about it. you     at last!           so worried!                       And what are your
plans for the future? Thank goodness           arrived safe and                                        I want to have                    place,
When the

sound.
 •DO you like your new job?'
     •yes and no. The              OK,
    but I don't like

time's rlghl_

the people.'

       I have

                   there are too many people in the

      I have to           hard.

           go into the garden for a bit of
    peace

 He has a nice car,

and quiet.

She has to
    get up early.

Good evening, ladies and gentlemem It
glves me great  to talk to vou all
'How's

'Fish and chips! Yummy!'

'I think you
  should talk to your boss.'
'l            Sleep.'

'Up           There are good days, and
then not       good days.'  hot.                "I'm working 16 hours a
day'. 'Here's supper. Careful! It's
'You shouldn't drink coffee at night.'
                                                                                • My ex-bovfiieltd's gelting
married.'
"I
don't think you should go to the wedding.'

•no you like learning English, Elsa?'

'I've had terrible toothache for

Yes, I do. I love it. It's the
  language of Shakespeare.'

• You must  to lite dentist!'

 •Arc those                    you're

           Holidays

I

Srlvia

•Are those new jeans you're wearing?'

In January the weather is
  "'(mdc•rful, It's the

    'No, they aren't. I've bad them
for ages.'                         mast perfect           of       not 100
1101. n
     'Have you got the time, please'                                         toa
         but the temperature can change
                                                                                101
            one         It         go        quite Chilly
•Have
you got the time, please?' to verv warm, so you should perhaps bring a 'No, I
So hut you don't need any thick winter play instruments?' clothes. The capital
city is the
                                                                                populated
city in the m)rld         there        lats
      'Can        play        musical
instrumrnts?'                        of things to we and do                                    of
"Yes, I can, actually. I can play the violin.' very old, historie
buildings. We are very proud Ol' our history, Mayan and Aztec
temples.       should also go to the
coast. We            you've
You Of
money to enjoy your holiday, are lots Of Cheap lu)tels restaurants, and of must
v LSit mrkets_ You can buy all kinds Of pottery and things quite cheaply. and
don't forget our fruit and vegetables. We different kinds Of pepper. should try
tacos, a kind Of bread filled with meat, beans, and salad. And our is very
especially if you add lemon and Or, of course, can
It's usually quite mild in lanuarv, and it doesn't often
rain, so   don't have to bring warm clothes,        you'll            a light
coat or it can          in the
There
is so much to See and We some wonderful museums, especiallv the museum of
Islamic Art and the mosques are beautiful, of course what wants la is the
Pyramids must visit the pyramids Go either earb ill the mornlng or late the the
light is much IR•lter then. And if Vou have time vou Should take a cruise down
the Nile. that's really interesting, you can visit all sorts of places that arc
difficult ta get ta hy land, best 10 try local rood is in the City centre. Yau
Should try and Which are made Of , usually You should also try fala/e/, which
is a kind of ball made of beans mixed with herbs, it's fried t I 't •s It's
delicious. of the nicest things to drink is tea, mint tea. It's especlally if
the very it's really
Karl
Well, of course in January in my country it can very cold. with lats of
every"'here, you bring lats of warm and hats, and. if vou Can, snow boots.
Many        go                   in the mountains at the
mxkends and when you are up so high and the sky is blue, the sun                     feel
quite hot - warm enough to            lunch outside You can ewn sunbathe, bring
sun  But you don't to go Skiing,                   are lots of other things to
do and see. A lot of aur towns are very pretty. They look exactlv the same
today as they did four hundred years                    And beautiful                     If
the             er's fine go for boat trip and you can gel really wonderful          of
the mountains all around, from Lake Geneva vou car, sometimes sec as far as
Mont Blanc, The                  you                try is              which
is cheese                  in a pal. You put piecv•s of bread on  li'rks to get
it out try riiS'i                      potatoes and cream — mmm! They're hoth
delicious.
Children
always need the support of their parents. whether they'n• fi or I think and
he'S ready, you
7.7 8.5

should help him to to live.
Meanwhile, you've got to give him all the love that he needs, Jenny Torr
I decided to give it all up and change
my life dramatically three years     Since then, I had the         of my life.
It can                hut                 do it, won't kt'O"' Ashat you've
missed. I don't think she should worry. Go for it.

Mike Garfield
He's using you. I think you should
tell him to home. It'S time for him to   Twenty four is too old to be living
Wilh his He's got to taQ• reslwnsil'ility                       himself. And
you must (el] the                      about his drug taking.
Sometimes
vou have to be cruel to bc kind. Tony Palmer
Why should he accept it? He isn't
their slave, they don't own him. And I too can't stand the way people use their
in restaurants, on truns and They think that the people amund [heal invisible
can't hear. It So rude.
Jane
Sands
I think She Should be Very careful
before She gives up her job and goes live abroad, Does She think that the sun
will always shine? If there is something in her life that makes her unhappy
this will follow her. She should take her time before waking Nigella Law
Bristol
Ile must keep it! Ile should with his
Company and come to an arrangement With them. Why can't he turn it off
sometimes? Mobile phones are great. and if onc for free, he's very lucky. They
one of the hest
hairdrier
Ice-cream

timetable

cif'Jrctte
  lighter

ratncoat

earthquake

S u n glasses
M NO,
I don't think        Oh! I wen L t o a barbecue a few days ago and       wasn't
It could that, or just something that
was left out of the fridge for too long.
M Yey„ I started being ill that
       Well, you                   have
day or two in bed,
I'll give  somethwg that will 100k
after the       ache and diarrhoea. Drink ple n tv , o fl iqtlids, and inst
take things easy for a while. I'll write you a prescription.
M Thank have to you? NO, Seeing me is
fme, but you'll have 10 pay for the t
M Right. very much. Goodbye. D Bye-bye.
Unit 9
After we
leave Australia, we're going to the USA.
cou:.ns while don't keep
a bath.
going
before I
get too
"z
Paul M -Mary
P Bye,
darling. Have a good trip to New York. the
M Well, if you're out when I ring, I'll leave a on the answer phone,
you'll I've arrived safely. Great. Whal time do you'll be t here"
M If arrives 00 time, I'll be at the
hotel                     10.110.
All right. Give me a ring as                   as
                   know time of your flight hack. and I'll pick up M the
darling.   forget to Water the
Plants while
[Don't
worry. I won't. Bye!
                   An              cw
w ith             o Kaku
I
Interviewer MK Michio
I       Are you optimistic           t
be future?
MK
Generally, yeah, If go back to 1900, most Americans didn't the age Of 50. had improvements in healthcare and
technology. There's no reason Why these won't continue far into the 21st
century,  Are We d y fo r t he th at w Come?
MK
Changes already happening, The future is here now. We have DNA, microchips, the
Internet. Some people's reaction is to 'Were too Old, wc don't new technology,'
My rc%uct'on is to 'We must
                        'W•ople to                                      now.'
         Is world                        going
to be a big
MK Yes
and no. I think that world population Will Stop increasing as we all get
richer. If you arc part of the middle Class, you don't want or Children.
   What will happen to people Who
don't have
MK Everyone                       have
Computers,                    Intemet be      and available ta
Will there a world gmemment?
Very We will to manage the and its
resources a global level, alone are too small. Wc already have a world
languaps• called English, and there is the beginning of a world telephone
system, and called the Internet. Will we have Of everything?
I think we'Il learn to aMttroI the
weather, and earthquakes. Illness won't exist. We        grow              livers,
kidneys, hearts, and                    like spare     for a Car. people will
live till                        130 or 150. For two          years we ha.'
tried to understaml our  NOW We Will to Control lt. What     reasons for
pessimism?  people Will Still fundamentally be the same, With all their intelligence
and stupidity. There will still             cruel want to fight wars against
Other races and religiOlLS,      See that we have to          after our
forests, our oceans, our people          think that money is          We will
have the technology. question is, will       the wisdom to use the tec]wology
to  advantage?
 shopping while I was in          I

bought myself
a new jumper.
'l don't know if I love
'Make up
your mind. You can't                       both Of them.'
M =
ManuelSoon. Take care Of yourself.
omc                  sit                   What
seems to beAachoo! 011 dear. I think I'm getting a cold. the'Are the doors
locked?'
M well, I      felt very vsell for
athink so, but           just make sure: I've gat a bit of a temperature, and I
just feel terrible. I've got stomach ache as well.
D Have you felt sick?R                                                                                C
= Clien t
M I've been sick aR Hello,                                                                                Grand
Hotel. C.'thy speaking.
D Mm. Let  Wok at          Your
glandsI help swollen                    you got a sore throat?C I'd like to        a
reservation, please.
M NO, IR
certainly, When is it for'
D Have
you had diarrhoea at all?It'S for two nights. the thirteenth the M Yes, have,
actually.fotwtecnth this
Have you  anything 10 eat reee•ntlyR And do you
"'ant a Single or a double room? might                with
8.6 - 9.6

C A single, please.
R OK. Yes, that's for And your name is?
C Robert palmer. Can              tell
me                        it
R  That's
E95 a night, Can                     a credit card                        please?
                        Il's a          4929 7983 0021
R 'Thank         And could I    phane number?
C Uh huh. 01727 '89962. R That's fine, We look forward
to seeing you on the thirteenth. Bye-bye, C Thanks a lot. Goodbye.
Unit
10

am
Don,tlookdown
Paul Lay
with death in the mountains of southern Spain I have enjoyed walking. a boy. I used to go walking at weekends with my father. camping and climbing together. I try ta
visit a new place every year, Last year I decided to a path in called El del
which King's Way. It is the Itigltest    in
Europe. It used to he safe, hut now it is falling down.
ain to the village of El Chorro and to walk towards the mountains, I was
very excited.
Then the adventure began. The about three feet  and there were holes
in it. It used to have a handrail, but not any more. I didn't know what to —
should I go                my hands and  s, or st and up? I decided to stand up
and walk very slowly At times the path was only as                    as my              boots.
I stopped to have a rest, but there      to
I began to feel very frightened. It was impossible look
          or                    up, I corxentrating so hard that my body
started aching               thrill of danger, enjoyment of the view. I thought
I was going to
I
final]" managed to get to the end. I was shaking, and I was covered in
sweat from heat and fear. I fell tn the ground, exhausted,
I Now I usually go shopping Ott morning I play tennis. I was a child, I to
go to school
Saturday nwrning. On Sunday all the family to get uvgether ror Sunday the evenlng [ used to watch TV and do
my
NOW I read, Or go out friends.
3
We go to a hotel
somewhere hot and just do nothing, When was young, wc used to camplng in Europe. Wc went everywhere
— France,       Germany.
4
1 Was sporty. I
used to play everything. Rugby, tennis, swimming, hockey. Nov,' I just play
tennis. Oh, and walk the dog!
5
like documentaries
and sport. When I was a kid. I uw•d 10 like cart(mns,                  action
know,   James Bond
6

1 liked all the things         kids
like. Beans, pina, fwzy drinks. I used to love chips. Still that it was getting
100 real, but we stop. he said, •don't kill me!' Anyway, we got him Richard's
house and put a room vvilh a chair in the middle and all these lights at him.
so wc could see but he wc all starlcd Singing Happy what to wear,' Birt
     'l think you should wear your
black dress.'                   That's
CD player's           Can you show me              tried
Say that he knew it was us from haw repair it?'                    the start,
hut that's just not so Sorry. I haven't a Clue.'                 terrified.
        'IJon't talk to me. have
nothing Say to                  So what about these people
'Oh,         What have IWell,           saw What was happening
from • Do I tum left or right? I don't know where a bedroom Window          called
the police, and soon there Were police   am' armed police 'GO Straight on.'      dogs,
and a police heliLA'Pter all 6 •I'm bored. I haven •t got   thing to do.' looking
for terrorists. And that            us!
         • Why don't you read the
dictionary?'                                   And they found you?
you get some meat?'                                                  We
         driving        later that                    and
         •sure. Tell me how much to
buy.'                                           the police Were stoppl'lg                     and
asking
'A kilo:
if they anything about kidnap, and we feel I need to talk to.' had to
confess that it was just ioke. and talk to not doing Weren't they
angry With you for So anything.'                       much time?
Yeah, "Ve're still waiting to
hear if going to be taken 10 court.
                                terrified                                                          And
has                           you?
Oh, yeah. He'll never forget his a Listed birthday, though ,
I met a famous film Star today.
I spent four hours going round a museum.
I from my parents for two  Their house is  I don't know how they live in it.
 Wow, Maria! What are vou doing here?                                     There
were so many people at the party!
 1 failed my exam. I workedwas nowhere to dance.
 A man started to follow me home last
night.                      so hungry! I could      a horse.
 My computer's broken,and Pete                           such nice people: But I can't stand
their kids
I've Spent so this week! I know where it'S all  decided to kidnap this boy, for A You're so kind! You really his
eighteenth birthday?  didn't have to.

Yeah, just for a joke, We wanted to a    We've had    a nice time! Thank
you so real                                     much for       uS_  So        did                 ("ganiA•Molly's  a clever dog! She  About eight of us planned it. he word I Say.

Was going round to Richard'S house.
  and

Dave Was driving him there. They to a place which is quite dark, and
  there in the

Unit 1 1

middle the mad was this body, this
dead

And this Was                   Of
you?

Yeah, it  Andrew.
Dave stopped the and got out, and then said to 10m, 'Hey, Tom, come and help,                       looks
So got out _ I was hiding behind a tree. I jumped on him. There were  Where were the made? about Six Of all in black In
Connecticut.
on                   beads. And I had
this              Who were they made by? well, a toy gun, and I put it his started
screaming at him to lie on the           Why             they called
hamburgers?
we            him up, put a blindfold   Because the  came from Hamburg,
on  and threw him in the        of the car.      HOW         McDonald's                        have
               See Vou doing this?                                           been
opened since 19487
         Well, yeah, hut I'll tell you
about that later.                        25,000,
      And         was          Wasn't
heHow many hamburgers are eaten every day?
Yeah. it was all real.       started
to Say  35 million. things like 'Please, I haven't please let me        We                  all
so
10.1 111

Part two                                               Unit
12

 hamburgers sold only In America?
    B No, they aren't, •They?re sold
all        the
A Was Coca-Cola im•ented hy Louis
            No. it              It       invented
by John
A
Were the first
hamburgers madc in 19.18?
             NO, they' weren't,            were
            in
1895,
Was the firs: restaurant in New York?
B
No, it wasn't. It
was opened in San Bernadino, in California.
 A Have 2,500 restaurants now                  opened worldwide?
         B No, not                             have
been opened
The history of
chewing gum
P =
Presenter I = Interviewer
LW                 Ward, chewing gum
expert
AB =
Interviewees
Part one
•lhday• in Worldly    the                  most habit
Yes. chewing gum. We      I                      Of it               year but        Of
actually know what it's made ot?
I see A Yeah.
                      Have you got any
idea what it's made oft A Nah — no idea. Noer thought about it.  Have you any idea what  is madc of?
B         Er no, not a          Rubber
 And d" you                   any
idea Who invented it?
A   The
B    Yeah — Sure — I reckon it invented in
America, yeah.
P Well
no. It wasn't the Americans who invented chewing gum. It was the Swedes.
Swedes, I hear you say? Hut listen to
a chewlng
LW The history of chewing                  back
thousands years. In  1993, the skeleton Of a teenager was found, he was nine
thousand years Old. And in his mouth was a gum madc Of                  Sap and
sweetened with honey — first                     chewing
P It
w•ems we' ve always things Of O real food Babies are wanting to chew.
Everything goes straight into their mouths. So why do we chew? Here's Ix•annc
again.
LW We chew to clean freshen ow breath also
hec¿ww• we just like
Greeks
chewed a gum which is a type of tree sap. They thought it was good for their
hœtItI•. and really cnioycd chewing it as a way to swcctcn their breath.
Then in the we that the Mayan Indians in liked to a tree Sap, called chielay.
They wrapped it in leaves and put it in their mouths so this was, if you like,
the first packet of chewing gum. The American Indians also — they gave it to
the English they zm•ived, but it until a IQ•w years after, that it became
really popular in AmeriGt.
11.2 — 12.4
p h
Lstory of modern begins in 19111 ccnlur•,• America. In young called Wrigley that chewing gum was the thing of the
future. Wrigley was genius. He was the first to use advertising to sell in a
big
 I lere's Leanne
LW
William Wrigley was really an advertising genius He hired hundreds of pretty
girls, who he called girls'. They walked up and down the streets of and New
York City handing out gum. Millions Of pieces were given He also had huge
clectnc signs and billboards one billboard a mile long, it ran along the Side
of the train track. so with all this, chewing v Cry popular all over the USA.
P So
how did                     world get to know             love chewing                      again.
LW
Well, during the Second World War soldiers Were given Wrigley gum to help them
relax. In 1 9,1'1 pmductiOn
Went to the US Army and took their and it to children. Soon they nere
followed everywhere by the Cry:
'Got any
gum,
P And
so the popularity of gurn to other countries. After the War sales of gum
exploded worldwide. Chewing gum even taken into space hy the so what exactly is
it made 01?
LW
Well. the Strangest thing about is nobody knows what it's made of. Nobody
Will tell you. The chewing industry keeps the recipe top
 nre we nearly there yet, Dad?' 'No.
It's miles to go, but we'll Stop Soon and have something to eat,'
Al/ right. I need the toilet,  is 't to send this letter to
'Give it
to me and I'll weigh it. •nut's
£1.20.'
"OK,
That's fine.        book Of ten stamps, please.'
 at platform 4. Virgin Rail n•ould like to apologvx• for the late arrival
of this service This due to circumstances beyond our control.
 •A vodka and orange, please.'
'How old are you?'
'Eighteen,'
'Hmm,
Have                got                  identification on you?'

If] were
a princess, I'd live w a palace. I'd have servants to look after My Muni would
be
Queen. and she wouldn't           I
wouldn't go to
I'd have a private teacher. I'd ride a white horse, and I Wear a long I
have all the sw&ts I wanted.
seep96
'I have
no money. What am I going to do?'
'If I
Were you, I'd try to spend
'What do you you buy a lot of Clothes, designer clothes, Stop buying
Clothes.' 'But I like them!'
       'My         awful. I can't do
anything with it.'
'It's
not that bad.'
'It really, Just 100k at IL'
'Well, if I'd t" that new He'S supposed to be and not that expensive.'
•Mmm.
OK, I'll try it. Thanks.'
 'I've got toothache.'
'Have
you seen a dentist?'
'Well,
if I were you, make an appointment right
 'I've had a row with my boyfriend.'
'What
about?'
Oh, the usual thing. He gets jealous if I just
100k at another did you?'
       'NO, of               not!'
         'Well, if I were you, I'd            him
and leave
 He won't ever Change, you
'Oh, I couldn't do that.'
   ' My car won't start In the
morning.'
        S If I were you,
I'd buy a               one. Yours is so
it'S Old, but I can't afford a new one.' 'Well, take it to a garage. Let
them have a look at it.' 'All right,'
•My
neighbours make a lot Of noise,'
        •Do            That'S
•Mmm_
We can't get to sleep at night-' spoken to them about this?'
'No,
we're too frightened'
I were you, I'd invite them round to your flat for coffee Say that having
problems
"r
hat's probably a good idea.         not sure tlw•y'll come, but I'll try it.'
having a hollday in Italy for a couple Of weeks, staylng a in Tuscany,
Then I'm going to 100k for a I to work in the media — athRrtising or the BBC he
per fect.
My
Sister and I are going to buy a flat together, somewhere central, so we'll have
to start looking soon. I'm eqcited about the future, And I'm also highly
ambitious!
I'm not          yet.
Some friends have invited me to go to Long Island With them, so I might go to

I'll have to earn some money, so I               Unit
13         hard and ewerything's new to me. I'm in might work in a            for
a bit.the office until eight o'clock  night.
what I want to do. I       France,Eight
o'clock!       That's terrible, so I might live Paris     a while. I couldAnd
when do               eat? Have     eating some money painting portraits in
Manttnartre_
Who              I might meet a
beautiful French girlC Yes. ves — I've been eating OK, After work, fall in
love! Wouldn't that wonderful!        For a year, It was very cold at first,but
you                Tessa and I  out for a drink and something get        it                     to
                   the pub          the corner, We're too to   tired to cook.
Why did you
I =                             A Ali
Ce Lest er                                            I came            to 100k
        work.          I never left _          M               Who'S
          When did you first hear
these voices, Alicea                        How long have            been
selling The Big                                        Yes, Tessa, I'm sure              told
you about
A Well, I was at home, Sitting             reading.We
 together in the same Office — And what did they say?               six mnths.
I'm in               Garden seven                      been norking here for a
While, so She'S
A The first time, there was just one
voice. It                    days a          selling the magazine.                                               helping
      a    She's really nice. You'd
      Said,           be afraid. I
just want to help you.'              Have you made many                                                         like
her, Mum, if       met her. She lives near
     But it didn't Say how it wanted
to       you?                 IOtS. Hat I can't Stand people who think I
A No, it didn't. It just went anvay.      drink or take
drugs. My problem I'm  Maybe you told                 father about her, And
what about the second time? homeless. want a job, but I                   somewhere  but
not me. I've certainly It                    while was away an holiday but this    Ew•fore
I can get a           so I need money                talk                 before.
tlw•re                    two voices. They told me to                  to
get             to                    hut I can't get                      Ah
yes.         How he?       he been go back home immediately, because there        money
because I Can't     a joh, and I can't                doing recently?
    Was something wrong "'ith me.                                        get
a                       I               got                       to            M           he'S
just returned from a                trip
         So is that what you did?                                                          live.
So I'm trapped.                                                                     I
               so he hasn't                 to work today,
A Yes. And when I was back in London,
the                      many copies do you sell a day?                    _
he's               relaxing, voices gave            an address to go to.                about
fifty.      Of courw•_ Ile•s been working in
And what
was the I mny copies have you sold today? Amsterdam, hasn't he? I'm glad he'S
it starts to get very strange, The so far, ten. But It's still early, relaxing
And address bram department of StM Well, was going (o ring you see Mary'S
Hospital I Went there I met MrI'm coming to London next Tuesday.
Abrahams, who is a consultant. As I                    How
long     been trying to find a         going to a teachers' conference at the
meeting him, the voices said to me, Tell him            now many jobs         you
had?      university,   I wondered if I could Stay at you have a tumour in your
brain, and that        llaw long have you           standing here today?        your
a lot of danger: I said this to Mr             Haw did you                       Next
Tuesday. That's great! Of course you can Abrahams, but 1                      he
didn'tstay at my flat. I'll                    to leave
                                                                                HOW
long have                        dog?
Anyway, he gave me a scan, I did have
a Who's hest friend? that day and I'll meet you after the tum our!
Where did you meet him?
    What an incredible story? Did you
have an           How long have you known each other?
A Yes, I did. And after the                    the voicesC Me too. See
came back again.               they said • We're pleased A                    long
              trying to find a 30b?                 to Dad!
We Were able 10 help And B For years.
It's been really difficult. M Bye, Craig. Take care. been in good health ever
since. Now, what do A HOW many have had? you think of that?
thirty. mayhe more. I've done everything.

A How long                       you
been standing here today' th'S ntOming,           I'm freezing.
                                                                                A
How did                    your
I owed a lot Of money in tax, I pay it _
A    How long have you had your
B    l i ve                        her
                 about two months, that'S all.
                                                                                A
Who'S             best
A
Chap called
Robbie,       also
Scotland, like me. A "'There did you
B
I met hlm
heæ in
A
long                   you
                each other?
B
About ten            I
met hlm         after
came to seeT13.5
Phoning home

I get past?
I -800-878-5311
A
Can I get
past, please?315 253 6031

I'm sorry. I didn't
hear you. Yes, of course.51; 592 2122 A Thanks a lot,  212 726 6390 A I hear
you're going to get married Soon. Congratulations!
B
That'S       next
July. JulyJ John come to the wedding?P Mello. 79.3422.
A Oh, what a pity! That'S When we •re
awayHello, Peter. This is John. on holiday.P Eli, John.

C                    mind.
We'll send you someFine, thanks. And wedding cake.All right.           have a
nice weekend? A That'S Very kind.You went away, didn't you?
A Oh, dear! Look at the tttne! Hurry
up, OrYes, we went to scc some friends live we'll miss the train.                      in
It was lovely. We had a B Just a minute! I can't find mygood tinw• DO you where
it is?Ah, good.
A
I a Clue. But you
won't It'sPeter, you do a I'm a lovely day. Just 100k at the Sky!      playing
B
Oh, all right.
[RI's go, then.             C = Craig M = His mo ther                    squash
Cmuld I tonight, borrow but yours?my
A

Good luck in your exam! C Hi
Mum. It's me, Cratg_                     P Sure,          fine.
B
to you. I
hope wc both pass.                  Hello! HOW lovely to hear from you.Thanks a
lot _ I'll             and get it in half A Did you go out last night?        are
you? HOW'S the                        job                 an hour, if that's
OK.
B NO, Of Course not. I went to bed
early.           C Work's OK — I think. I'm just     so                                   P
Yes, I'll he in.

      What about you?                                                    M
Tired? You sound                      Are you tired? WhatOK
A   MC, too, Sce you later, after the
exam. have doing? P Bye_ Bye. Let's go out for a drink. C tired, really tired.
so

B    Good
                                                                                Tapescripts
12.5 — 138 127

A =                 tionist B = Student
C = Ann, a teacher.
Good morning, International School of
I lello, could I speak
to Ann A I Iola on. I'll c Ilell„.
A Hello. Can I speak
to Ann Baker, please?
C Speaking.
A Ah. hello. I                 your
English                         in
C Certainly.
      I              take                 details? give
A    —
Mike's Ilatmate B Jim
B    I
lell out at moment.
Can I take
Yes,
I'll lime he'll
       A In about                   I
think.
Thanks Goodbye.
A Goodbye,
Unit 14
I was delighted because all my exams, I "'as hungry
I had any breakfast. I to I'd had a day.
Oar teacher was angry
hecawse we hadn't done the homework,
My
leg hurt                    I'd fallen over playing
The plants died                 I'd forgotten
to Water them.
The house was in a mess
because we'd had a party the night before.
          When
we               she left.
When we arrived she'd
left.
She'd like to leave
now.
We'd stopped playing when the rain started,
stopped playing when the rain started. We'd play tennis if the rain stopped He
that he'd olf his mobile p hone.
He turned off the
television and went
couldn't believe that
I'd Inst my passport 10 If I my be very upset.
                 What
d OCS M     S ay?
I love lolvn verv
much.
Wc           six
months ago.
been in love before.
We're
very l•Æppy_ him forever.
seeing him this
What did Mary tell you?
Mary told me that she
Im•ed 'Ohn very much. She said that they'd               sis months ago and
that she'd never been in love before. She told me
14.1
- 14.9
they were very happy
and thal she'd love him forever.     that she          seeing him that

An interview with Carmen Day

I n
  terNiewer

m you
  written another

I

    romantic             easy
to write

In

who
  is the

character

Bradley
  first
Very

You
  hay

first                           have
  you then
I've
                                             ten

years
Yes, I

the

co
  Oh,           I

honestly
  say                       I've found and I          very

how
  many novels have you written

         Well,
  I've                five                         and three

stories for children.

          And
  when                    think you'll stop writing?

                    I
  'll never           I'll continue write

Old
  lady.

In                        Carmen        She
  had written

she fiction la novel would he different.
a detective
Carmen said that the
character of Bradley was based             her first         Maingay. the
actor, who had                 her very unhappy. But she added       she was         married
to Tony said thal they m  for nearly ten years and that they were happy
together.
She told me She had now written five and also
that she had "Titten stories for children. She said ne.•er stop
"Tiling, not even when she was old lady.
Asong
Talk
Well
every night I             a light up in  windmv night                     won't
answer the although                    won't             let me i"
From
[he               I can                  Silhouette Sitting
What
must I do? does it lake
To get you to
Until the night is over
Talk to me
Well
until the night Over,                           yeah
         baby           been
working hard all day
I'm not asking for the world, you
I'm just asking girl
Talk to
Well late at night I hear  that you're
playing soft and low
Yes and late at night I see the two of you
swaying
I           understand darling what      my sin?
Why am I down here below while       up
there with hint?
What did I do?
W ha' did say?
What
To get
Talk
Until (he night is
Talk to me
Well
until the night
postcard!
Goodbye. Here's                     get in touch if you have any  it.
Il                     been
               interesting talking to            We'll let you know by post.
Goodbye! Good luck in the future, I've really enjoyed         logelher'
       Bye-bye! 'Thank                   lovely
                 You
come us next time.
Thank for a lovely You must come to us
next time.

Grammar
Reference
Unit 1

1.1 Tenses
This
unit has examples of the Present Simple and Present Continuous, the Past
Simple, and two future forms: going to and the Present
Continuous
for the future.
All these tenses arc covered again in
later units. present tenses Unit 2 past tenses             it 3 Future forms U
nits 5 a 9
The aim
in this unit is to revise what you know.
Present
t enses
He lives
with his parents.
She
speaks thrcc languages.
I'm
enjoying the course.
They're
Studying at university.
Past ten
Se
He Went to America last year.
She came
to England three years ago.
     Future fo rms
I'm going to work as an interpreter. What are you doing tonight?
1.2 Questions
Questions
With question words
     Questions can begin with a question
word.

what where which how
who when why whose

Where's
the station?

Why are you laughing? Whose is
this coat?
How does
she go to work?
 What, which, and whose can be followed by a noun.
What
size do you take?
What
sort of music do you like?
Which
coat vs yours?
Whose
book is this?
      Which is generally        when
there is a limited choice.
Which is                  husband? The blond one or the dark This rule is not always true.
Which
newspap er do you read?
How can
be follmved by an ad)ectivc• or an adverb.
           How big vs his         car?
How fast
does it
   HOW Can also be followed by           or
How much
is this sandwich?
How many
brothers and sisters have you got?
Questions
with no question word
The
answer to these questions is Yes Or No.
Verb
forms With an auxiliary verb

She is reading.
They are watching a film.
She can drive.

IS She
What are the' watching?
Can she drive?

Verb
forms with no auxiliary verb
In the
Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no auxiliary verb in the positive.
 live in London.
He
arrived yesterday.
Do/doe;/did
is used in the question.
Do they
live in London?
Where
does Bill come from?
When did
he arrive?

                  Are you hot?        Yes,
I amÆNo, I'm not.
IS She working? Yes,            i s. / No, She isn't. h smoke? Yes, e doe s.{No , he doesn't.
                   Can YO u   Yes, I c 'NO , I can' t _
Unit
2

2.1 Present Simple                                                                     Question

are

We
You
They

live don't live

He
She

lives doesn't live

Are you going? Is Anna working?

Yes, I am JNo, I'm not. Yes, she
  is_/No, she isn't.

Positive and
negative
Short answer
NOT Yes,   Yes,

they

live?

does

she

The present
Continuous is used to express: I an activity happening now.
playing football in the garden.
She can't answer the phone because
she's washing her hair.

2 an activity happemr,g around
now, but perhaps not at the moment Short answer   of speaking.
She's studying rnaths at
university.

Do you like Peter? Does she spc%tk French?

Yes, I
No, she doesn't.

I'm reading a good book by Henry lames, 3 a planned future arrangement.
I'm
meeting Miss Boyd at ten o' Clock tomorrow. Use What are you doing this
evening?
The I a Present habit. Simple is used to express:                                                             2.3
Present Simple and Present Continuous
              I getup at 7.30.                                                                                I
IX'Ok at the wrong sentences, and compare them with the correct
              Cinda smokes too much.                                                                                sentences

Hans IS coming from Germany. Hans comes from Germany.

X

This is a great party. Everyone has a good time. This is a
  great party. Everyone is having a good time.

I read a good book at the moment. I'm reading a good book
  at the moment.

2    a fact which is always true ,
Vegetarians don't eat meat, We come from Spain.
3    a fact which vs true for a long time.
I live in
Oxford.
She works in
a bank.
2.2
Present Continuous
2 There are
some verbs that are usually used in the present Simple
Form

X

1 like coke. ['m liking Coke.

only. They
express a state, not an activity. am/is/are + -ing (present participle)
Positive and
negative

'm not

's (is)

They

re (are) arc

Other verbs like this are think,
agree,

2.4
have/have got
Form

have
've got

She

's got

Negative

We
You
They

don't have
  haven't got

any money.

She

do                  have hasn't got

have a
Short
answer

Do you have a camera? Have you got a
  camera?

Yes, I do JNo, I don't,
Yes, I have ./NO, I haven't.

Wc can
use contractions ('veand 's) with have got, but not with have.
I've got
a Sister.
I have a
sister. NOT k•ea sister.
 Have and have got mean the same. Have gor is informal. We use it a lot
when we speak, but not when we write.
Have you
got a light?
The
Prime Minister has a meeting with the President today.
In
American English, have do/does is much more common.  Have and have got express ,

I have
I've got

a new car. three children. blond
  hair.

She's got

He has
He's got

 When have + noun expresses an activity Or a habit, have and the 't forms are      Have              not
used.
Compare
these sentences.

X

I've got a
  shower in the morning.
I have a shcnqer in the morning.

X

What time
  have you got lunch?
What time do          have

X

He has never got milk in his coffee. He never has milk in
  his coffee.

4 In the past t               the got
forms are unusual. Had With did and
is much
more common.
I had a bicycle when I was young, My
parents had a lot of books in the house.
Did you
have a nice weekend?
 didn't have any money when I was a student.
Unit 3

3.1 Past Simple
Spelling
 The normal rule is to add •ed. worked
Star t ed
If the verb ends in -e, add -d. lived loved
 If the verb has only one syllable one
vowel + one consonant, double the consonant _ stopped planned
 If the verb ends in a consonant + -y , change the -y to -ied.
studied
carried
There
are many common irregular verbs. See the list On p143.
The form
of the Past Simple is the Same for all persons.

finished arrived

yesterday.

Negative
The negative of the Past Simple is formed with didn't. He wal½ed.
He
didn't wallo.

didn't (did not)

arrive yesterday.

The qiRžstion in the Past Simple is formed with did She finish'.
When did
sh e finish!

When did

YO u they

arrive?

Did you go to work yesterday? Did
    it rain last night?

Yes, 1 did. No, it didn't.

131

Short
answer
 The past Simple expresses a past action that is now finished.
We
played tennis last Sunday.
I worked
in London from 199•1 to 1999.
John
left two minutes ago.  Notice the time expressi0iES that are used with the Past Simple.
last year.
last
month.
I did it five years ago. yesterday morning.
in 1985.
3.2 Past Continuous
Form
was/were + (present participle)
Positive
and negative

wasn't (was not)

They

weren't (were not)

what

doing?

were

you

rt answer

'Were you working yesterday?
Was she
  studying when you arrived?

Yes, was.
NO, e wasn't.

     The Past Continuous expresses a past
activity that has duration.
     met her while I Was                     in
Paris,
You
were making a lot of noise last night. What were you doing?  The activity began before the action
expressed by the past Simple.
She was
making coffee when we arrived.
When I
phoned Simon he was having
 The Past Continuous expresses an activity in progress before, and
probably after, a time in the past.
When I
woke up this morning, the sun was What were you doing at 8.00 last night?
3.3 Past Simple and Past Continuous
 The Past Simple expresses past actions as Simple facts.
I did my
homework last night.
              'What did          do
yesterday evening?' 'l watched TV!
 The Past    gives past activities The activity can be interrupted.
What were you doing at 8.00?' 'I was watching TV.' I was doing my
homework when Jane arrived.
 In stories. the Past Continuous can describe the scene. The Past Simple
tells the action.
It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and the birds were singing,
so decided to go for a Picnic, We put everything in the car  The questions below refer to
different time periods. The Past Continuous asks about before, and the past
asks about what happened after.

What we re yo u doing What did you
  do

when it started to rain?

We were playing tennis. We went home.

no preposition

at six o'clock at midnight at Christmas at the weekend

in the morning/afternoon/evening in December In summer in
  two weeks' time

today yesterday tomorrow the day
  after tomorrow the day before yesterday last night last w two ago next month
  yesterday evening tomorrow eve rung this evening tonight

on Saturday on Monday morning on Christmas Day on January
  18

3.4 Prepositions in time expressions

Expressions of quantity
Count and uncount nouns
 It is important to understand the difference bet•.seen count and uncount
nouns,
Uncount nouns

a cup a girl an apple an egg a pound

w ater sugar
music money

    We can say three cups, two girls,     pounds. We can
count them. We
cannot say We cannot
count
 Count nouns can be singular or plural.
This cup is full.
These cups are empty.
Uncount nouns can only bc
singular.
             The water is cold.
The weather Was terrible.
much and many
I We use               with uncount nouns in questions and
negatives.
How much
money have you got? There isn't much milk left.
people were at the party?
I didn't take many photos
on holiday.
some and any
 Some is used in positive sentences.
I'd like some sugar.
 Any is used in questions and negatives.
            Is there any            in this tea?
            I lave you got         brothers         Sisters?
We don't have
any washing-up liquid. I didn't buy any apples.
 We use some in questions that are requests or Offers.
Can I have some cake?
Would you like some tea?
 The rules are the same for the annpounds someone, anything anybody, etc,
I've got something for
IS anybody here?
There isn't anywhere to
go in my town.
a few and a little
I We use few with count
nouns.
There are a few
cigarettes left, but not
2 We              little with
Can you give me a little
help?
a
lot/lots of
I We use lob'lots ofwith both count
and uncount nouns. a lot of butter.
I've got lots Of friends.
2 A                 of can                In questions and
negatives.
Are there lots of
tourists in your country?
There isn't a lot of
butter, but there's enough.
4.2 Articles — a and
the
 The indefinite article or is used With Singular, countable to refer to a thing or an idea for the
first time.
We have a cat and a dog.
There's a supermarket in
Adam Street.
 The definite article the is used with singular and plural, countable and
uncountable nouns when both the speaker and the listener know the thing or idea
already.
We have a Cat and a dog.
The Cat is old, but the dog is just a
I'm going to the
supermarket. DO you Want (We both know which superrmrket.)
Indefinite article
The indefinite article is used: I with
professions. a teacher, She'S an
2    With S Orate expressions Of quantity.
        a        Of a little a           Of a few
3    in exclamations with what + a count
noun.
What a lovely
day! What a pity!
te article
The definite article is
used:
I before seas, rivers,
hotels, pubs, theatres, museums, and newspapers.
the Atlantic
the British Museum The Times the Ritz
2    If therc only one of something. the
Sun the Queen the t
3    with Superlative adjectives, He'S the
richest man in the world, Jane's the oldest in the class.
NO
There IS no
article;  before plural and uncountable nouns When talking about things in
I like potatoes.
Milk is good for you.
 before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, meals, airports,
stations, and mountains.
I had lunch with John,
I bought at Paddington Station.
 before some places and with Some forms Of transport _

at home in,'to bed
at/to work at/to school/university by bus by plane by car by train on foot

She goes to work by bus.
I was at home yesterday
cwening.
       in exclamations with                an                  noun.
What                        weather!
What loud music!
Note phrase
go            there is no article and no prepositlon.

133

              I Went              e              NOT
Verb
patterns 1
Here are four verb
patterns. There is a list of verb patterns on p 143.
I Verb + + infinitive
They want to buy a new
car.
I'd like to go abroad,
2     Verb* - ing
Everyone loves going to
parties.
                  He                  reading         book
3     Verb + - ing or + to + infinitive with
no change in meaning It began to rain/ raining.
I continued to
work/working in the library.
4     Verb + preposition -Ing
Wc 're thinking Of moving
ho
I'm looking forward to
having more free time.
5.2 like doing and would
like to do
I Like
doing and love doing express a general enjoyment. I like working as a teacher.
= I am a teacher and I enjoy it.
I love dancing. = This IS
onc of my hobbies.
2 like to do and 10 ve
to do express a preference now or at a specific time.
I'd like to be a teacher. When I grow up, I want to be
a teacher. Thank you. I'd love to dance = We're at a disco. I'm pleased that YO
u asked m e.
                                       Short
answer

Would you like to dance?
Would you like to come for a walk?

Yes, I would./Yes, I'd love to.
Yes, I would/ No, thank you.

No, I wouldn't is not
common because it is impolite.
5.3 will
Form
infinitive Without to is a modal auxiliary verb. There is an introduction to modal auxiliary
verbs on pl 37 of the Grammar Reference. The forms of will are the same for all
persons.
Positive and negative

He,'Shc/1t we/Yourrhey

(Will) wo Jt't

help you.
invite Tom.

When will

you

help me?

Short answer

Will you help me?

Yes, I will.

No, I won't is not common
becausc it is impolite. It means 'I don't want to help you.'
      A           way Of Saying        here
is         afraid I can't.'
134
I to express a future
decision or intention made at the moment of sB'aking.
•It's Jane's
birthday.' •Is it? I'll buyher some flowers.'  give you my phone number.
'Which do
you want? The blue or the red?' 'I'll take the red, thank you: 2 to express an
offer.
I'll carry your
suitcalse.
We'll do the washing-up.
Other          Of will are covered in Unit 9.
going to
Form
am/is/are + going + to
infinitive
Positive and negative

not

going to work.

She

's (is)

You
They

're (are) are

going to arrive?

she

are

you they

Are they going to get married?

Yes, they are./No, they aren't.

Use
Going to is used:
I to express a future
decision, intention, or plan made before the moment of speaking.
How long are
they going to stay in Rome? She isn't going to have a birthday party.
The present Continuous
can be used in a similar way for a plan or arrangement, particularly With the
verbs go and come.
She's coming on Friday.
I'm going home early
tonight.
2 when we can see or
feel now that something is certain to happen in the future.
Look at these
clouds! It's going to rain. Watch out! •That box is going to fall.
or going to?
at the use of will and
going to in these sentences.
I'm going to make a
chicken casserole for dinner.
(I decided thus morning
and bought e,'ewthing for it.)

Will is used:

What shall I
cook for dinner? Er . I know! I'll make chicken casserole! That'S a idea! (I
decided at the moment of speaking.)

'S (is) your teacher are his parents was your holiday were the
    beaches

She's very patient,
They're very kind
Wonderful. We swam a lot. OK, but
    some were dirty.

to be ± Subject like?

We don't use like in the answer.
She's patient. N OT We use an-nvuuatives to Compare one
thing, person, or action with another.
She's taller than me.
London's more expensive
than Rome.
We use superlati%• to
compare somebody or something with the Whole group.
She's the tallest 'n the
class.
It's the most expensive
hotel in the world.
As . . as shows that
something is the same or equal.
Jim's as tall as Peter.
I'm as worried as you
are,

She isn't as tall as her mother.
                                                                                My
  Car             so expensive as
What like? means 'Describe somebody or something. Tell me about them. I
  don't know anything them.'
Like in this question 'S a preposition, not a verb:
'What's
  Jim like?' 'He's intelligent and kind, and he's got lovely blue
[n the
  following sentences like is a verb;
'What does
  Jim like?' •He likes motorbikes and playing tennis.'
Hœw's your mother? asks about
  health„ It doesn't ask for a description. 'How's your mother?' 'She's very
  well, thank }ou.'
6.2
  Comparative and superlative adjectives
Form
I Look at the Ch art.

Comparative

Superlative

Short adjectives

cheap
•big

cheaper bigger

cheapest smallest biggest

Adjectives
    that end in -y

funny early heavy

funnier earlier

funniest

Adjectives with two syllables or

careful boring

Interesting

more careful morc buying more expensive more interesting

most
    careful most boring most expensive most Interesting

adjectives

good

furth

furthes t best

Short adjectives with one + one
  consonant double the Consonant: ho'/hotrer/hortest, fa
2
  Than is often
  used after a comparative adjective.
I'm younger than Barbara.
Barbara's more intelligent than Sarah.
Much can come before the comparative to give emphasis.
She'S much nicer than her Sister.
IS Tokyo much more modern than London?
3
  The is used
  before superlativc adjectives.
He's the funniest boy in the class.
Which is
  the tallest building in the world?
                   136

Not as/so as shows that
something isn't the same or equal.

Present
Perfect
+ -ed (past participle)
The participle of regular
verbs ends in -ed. There are many common irregular verbs. See the list on p143,
Positive and negative

We/YOurrhey

' ve (have) have t

worked in a factory.

He/She/1t

's (has) hasn't

Ques tion

we/yOu/ t hey

been to the United States?

Has

he/she/it

Short answer

Have you been to Egypt? Has she ever
  written poetry?

Yes, I
  have_/No, I haven't. Yes, she has./No, she hasn't.

We cannot use I've,
they've, he's, etc. in short answers.
Yes, I have. NOT ¥es-,4-¥e.
Yes, we have. NOT
The Present Perfect
looks back from the present into the past, and what has happened before now.
The action happened at time in the past.
I've met a lot of famous
people. (before now)
She has won awards. (in
her life)
She's written twenty
books. (up to now)
The action can continue
to the present, and probably into the future.
for twenty years. (She Still lives
here) as part Of
I've travelled a lot in
Africa.
They've lived all over
the world.
Ever and
never are common with this use. Have you ever been in a car crash?
             My mother has never             in a plane.
 The Present Pcrfcx•t exprcsscs an action Or state which began in the
past and continues to the present.
Alice for Sis years, long have you worked as a teacher?

Note that the time expressions
for and since are common with this use. We use for with a period of time, and
since with a point in
time.
W€ve lived here for two
years. (a period of time)
I've had a beard since I
left the army. (a point in time)
Note
In many languages, this
use is expressed by a present tense. But in English, we say:
Peter has been a teacher
for ten years.
NOT
 The Present perfect expresses a past action with results in the present.
It is often a recent past action.
I've lost my wallet. (I
haven't got it now.)
The taxi's arrived. (It's
outside the door now.)
Has the postman been? (Are there any letters for The adverbs just, already, and yet are
common with this use. Yet is used in questions and negatives.
She's just had sonic good
news.
I've already had
breakfast.
Has the postman been yet?
It's 11.00 and she hasn't
got up yet.
7.2 Present
Perfect and Past Simple  thmpare the Past Simple and Present Perfect.

Past Simple
The Past Simple refers to an action
  that happened at a definite  in the past.
He died in 1882.
She got married when she was 22. The action is
  finished.
lived in Paris for a year (but not now),
Time expressions the past Simple
in 1999.
last did it two         t IIS ago on
  March 22. for two years.

Present Perfect
'The Present Perfect refers to an action that happened at an indefinite
  time in the past. She has won awards.
written twenty books.
The action can continue to the present.
She's lived there for twenty years (and she still does.)
Time expressions +
  the Present Perfect for twenty years.
I've worked here since 1995, since I left school. We've never been to
  America.

 Compare these sentences.

X

I've broken my leg last year. I
  broke          leg last year.

He works as a
  musician all his life. He has worked as a musician all his life.

X

When have you
  been to Greece? When did you go to Greece?

X

How long do          have your
How long have you had your car?

have to
has/have+ to + infinitive
Positive and negative

We
You
They

h ave t have

to

work ha rd.

doesn't have

StiOn

they

have to

work hard?

Does

she

r t answer

Do yo u have to wear a uniform? he have to go now?

Yes, I do.
No, he doesn't.

I The past tense of have
to is had to, with did and didn't in the question and the negative.
I had to get up early
this morning.
Why did you have to work
last weekend?
They liked the hotel
because they didn't have to do any cooking.
2 The forms of have got
to + infinitive arc the same as have got + noun.      p 131.
I Have to expresses strong obligation. The obligation
comes from •outside' — perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in
authority.
You have to have a
driving licence if you want to drive a car.
(That's the law.)
I h¿we to start
work at 8.00. (My company says I must.)
The doctor says have to
do more exercise,
2   to expresses                  of
obligation (it isn't necessary).
You don't have to do the
washing-up. I've got a dishwasher. She doesn't have to work on Monday. It's her
day off.
8.2
Introduction to modal auxiliary verbs
These are modal auxiliary
verbs,

can could might must
shall should will would

They are looked at in different
units of Headway.
They have certain things
in common:

I They 'help' another verb. The
verb form is the infinitive without to.
She can drive.
I must get my hair cat.
There is no do/does in
the question.
Can she sing?
Should I go home now?
The form is
the same for all persons. There is no -s in the third person Singular:
                He         dance Very
She should try harder.
It will rain soon.
         To form the negative, add        There is no
don't/doesn't.
I wouldn't like to be a teacher. You
mustn't steal. Note will nor won't.
It won't rain tomorrow.
Most modal verbs refer to
the present and future.
Only can
has a past tense form, could. I could                        When I Was three.
8.3 should
should + infinitive
without to
The forms of should are
the same for all persons,
PO s         and negative

We
They

should do more exercise. shouldn't tell lies.

Should

she

see a doctor?

Do you think

he

should see a doctor?

Short answer

Should I phone home?
Should I buy a Mercedes Benz?

Yes, you should. No,                 shouldn't.

Should is
used to express what the speaker thinks is right or the best thing to do. It
expresses mild obligation, or advice.
I should do more work.
(This is my opinion.)
You should do
more work. (I'm telling you what I think.) Do you think we should stop here?
(I'm asking you for your opinion.)
Shouldn't expresses
negative advice.
You shouldn't sit so
close to the TV. It's bad for your eyes.
Note expresses the opinion Of the speaker,
and it is Often introduced by / think or ] don't think.
I think politicians
should listen more.
I don't think people
should get married until the)'rc 21.

137

84 must
must t
infinitive without fo
The forms Of           are the same
for all persons.
Positive
and negative

They

must try harder. mustn't steal.

Questions
with must are possible, but the use of have ro is more
                       Short answer

Must I take exams? Do I have to take exams?

Yes, you must. Yes, you do.

I Must     Strong
Obligation , Generally, this Obligation comes from        the speaker.
I must
get my hair Cut. (l think this is necessary.)
2     Because m as' expresses the authority
of the speaker, you should be careful of using You must . It sounds very bossy!
You must help me. (I am giving you an order.)
Could
you help me? is mach better.
3     You  can exp revs a strong must See the Monet exhibltiori. It'S
wonderful.
You must
give me a ring when you're next in town.
Unit 9

9.1 Time clauses
 Lcn3k at this sentence.
give her ring when I get home. It consists of two clauses: a main clause
give her a ring and a secondary clause when get home, conjunctions of time Introduce
secondary Clauses.

when

while as

after before

until

They are
not usually followed by a future form. They refer to future time, but use a
present tense.
When I
get home, I'll
While we're away, As soon as I hear from you, , Wait                 until I get back.
 will

For the forms of will, sce p134,
     Will expresses a decision or intention
made at the moment of speaking.
Give me
your case. I'll carry it for you.
 It also expresses a future fact. The speaker thinks 'This action is sure
to happen in the future'.
Manchester
will win the cup.
Tomorrow's
weather will be warm and sunny.
This is like a neutral future tense. The speaker is predicting the
future, without expressing an intention, plan, Or personal judgement.
9.3 First conditional
Form
if + present Simple, will + infinitive without to positive and negative

If

I work hard, I she has enough money, she we don't hurry up, we you're
  late, I

'Il (will)

pass my exams. buy a new car. be late.
wait for you.

will

you do she go

if

you don't go t o iversity? she can't
  find a job?

Will you go to u niversity if you pass your exams?
If we 100k after the planet, Will We survive?

Yes, I will.
NO, I won't,
  Yes, we will.
NO , We won't.

The
condition clause if can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. If
it comes at the begining, wc put a comma at the end Of the clause. If it comes
at the end, we do not use a comma.
If I work hard, I'll pass my exams. I'll pass my exams if I work hard,
     The first conditional is used to
express a possible condition and a probable result in the future.
If my
cheque comes, I'll buy us all a meal.
You'll
get wet if you don't take an umbrella.
What'll
happen to the environment if we don't look after it?
I
English uses a present tense in the condition clause, not a future form _
              If it rains            NOT
If it
If I work hard . . NOT
2
Ifexpresses a possibility that something will happen; when expresses what the
speaker Sees as certain to happen.
If I
find your book, I'll send it to you.
When I
get home, I'll have a bath.

Verb
patterns 2
Verb patterns Were first
covered in Unit 5. There is a list Of patterns on p143.
I Verb + to + infinitive
They managed to escape.
I try to visit somewhere
new.
Wc decided to go abroad,
2    go            for Sport S and go Skiing.
'vVe Went dancing.
3    Verb + sb + infinitive without ro
My teachers made me work
hard.
My parents let me go out
when I want.
10.2 used to
For m
used + to + infinitive
Used to is
the same in all persons. Positive and negåtive

She
We

used t o didn't use to

smoke.
like cooking.

Question

"That did you
use to do?

Did yo u use to smoke a lot?

Yes, I did..'No, I didn't.

I The question form is
not often used. We ask a question in the Past Simplc, and reply using used to.
Where did you
go on holiday when you      young? 'We used to go camping in France.
2
Never is o fte n
I never used to watch TV.
3
Be careful not to
confuse to use (e.g. use a knife to an apple.) and used
Thc pronunciation is also
different.
to use /ju,zJ used to
/ju:stu-4 or /ju:sta/
Use
Used ro is used:
I to express a past
habit.
He used to play football
every Saturday, but now he doesn't.
2 to express a past
state.
They used to be happy
together, but now they fight all the time.
10.3
used to and the Past Simple
I The Past
Simple can also be used to express a past habit or state _ He played football
every Sunday when he was a boy.
They were happy together
when they were first married.
2 Only the Past Simple
can be used for actions which happened once In thc past.
We used to go to France
every summer, but once, in 1987, we Went to Greece.
Last night I drank
champagne.
Note
Used fo has no  in the present. The Present Simple is
used for present habits and States,
She lives in New York.
She sometimes Comes to
London On business.
10.4
Infinitives
 Infinitives are used to express purpose. They answer the question Why ?
Thus use is very common in English.  learning English to get a good job.
She'S saving her money to
buy a Car.
I'm going to Scotland to
visit my parents.
 express this idea of purpose with a translation of for + infinitive.
English docs not usc for.
I came here to learn
English.
                           I came        e                    n
E
                            I came here       learn English.
Infinitives are used
after certain adjectives.

I'm

pleased surprised

to see you.

It's

important impossible

to learn Chinese.

 Infinitives are used after the question words who, what, where.
hœ,v,
Can you tell me how to
get to the station?
I don't know who to speak
to.
Show me what to do.
 Infinitives are used after the compounds something, nothing, nowhere,
anybody, etc _
Have something to eat!
I've got nothing to do.
There's nowhere to hide.

139

Is there anyone to talk
to?

The
passive
am/is/arc
was/wcrc
has/have been(past
participle)
The past participle of
regular vcrbs ends in -ed. There are many common irregular verbs. scc the list
on pl•13.
Positive and negative
English is spoken all
over the world.
Renault cars are madc in
France.
My children
aren't helped with their homework. Coffec isn't grown in Engl.nd.
Question  is rice grown?
Arc cars made In your
country?
Positive
My car was stolen last
night.
The animals were
frightcncd by a loud noise.
He wasn't
injured in the accident,  thieves weren't seen by anyone.
How was the window
broken?
Were the plants watered
last night?
Present Perfect
Positive
and negative been robbed!
       Dict Coke has             made since 1982.
Tho haven't been invited
to the party.
Question
How  have you been hurt playing Has my car been repaired?
Positive and
negatiÝe

made in your country?
the plants watered last night?
Hus my car         repaired?
Will theq• cars be prruluced next
  year?

Yes. they are.\No, they arcn'l.
Yes, the,' wereJNo, they weren't. it it hasn't.
they will./No, they won't.

10,000 cars will be
produced next year.
The cars won't bc sold in
thc UK.
Question
Will the children be sent
to a newschool!
Short answer
Note
 The rule4 for tense                   in
the passive arc the               in the
Prcscnt Simple to
çkpress habit:
My car is serviced
regularly.
 Simplc to cxprcss a finished action in the past:
America was discovered hy Christopher Columbus. Present
perfect to express an action which began in the past and continues to the
present;
Diet (i)ke has bccn madc
sincc 1982,
2 The passive
infinitive is used after modal ausiliary vcrbs and other which are followed by
an infinitive.
Driving should be banned
in city
The house is ving to be
knocked down.
 The Object Of an active verb becomes the  Of passive verb. Notice the use of by
in the passive sentence.
Active Shakopcarc wrote

was written
  by

Passive Shakespeare.
[Subjeci
 The passive is not another way Of expressing the samc SC11tcncc in thc
We choose the active or the passive depending on what wc arc more
Intçrçsted in.
flamlerwas
written in (We arc more interested in ila mien)
Shakespcare
wrote comedies. histories, and tragedies. (We arc more interested in
Shakespeare.)
Some verbs, for example,
show, have two objects a person and a thing.
gave me a book for my birthday.
In the passive, often
make the lu•rson the subvct, not the thing.
I was given a book for my
birthday.
She sent thc
information by post. You'll be shown where to sit.
Second
conditional
Form
past Simple,                  infinitive
without to
Would is a modal
auxiliary verb. There is an Introduction to modal auxiliary verbs on p 137
The forms Of would are
the Same for all persons,
Positive and negative

If

I had more money, I shr                        the
  answer, she we lived in Russia, we I               't                        s
  o m any de

'd (would)
wouldn't

a CD player. tell us.
soon learn Russian.
have to work so hard.

Question

'.Thich countries

would

you do you go to

you had a
  year Off? you travelled

the world?

Would you travel round the world? If they had the                     would
  they buy a

car?

Yes, I would./No, I wouldn't.
Yes, they wouldÆNo, they wouldn't.

Short an r
I The condition clause can come at the
beginning or the end of the sentence. If it              at the beginning, we
put a comma at the end of the clause. If it comes at the end, We do not use a If I had more time, I'd help.
I'd help if I had more
time.
2 Were is often used
instead of was in the condition clause.
If I were you, I'd go to
bed.
If he were cleverer, he'd
know he was making a mistake.
The second conditional is
used to express and       Or improbable condition and its probable result in
the present or
The a»ndition is unreal
because it is different from the facts that we know. Wc can always say'But .
If I were Prime Minister,
I'd increase tax for rich people. (But I'm not Prime Munster.)
If I lived in a big
house. I'd have a party (But I live in a small house.) What would you do if you
saw a ghost? (But I don't expect that you will see a ghost.)
 The use of the past tense (If I had) and would docs not refer to past
time.

Both the first and second
conditional refer to the present and the future.
The past verb forms are
used to Show 'This is different from reality'.
If win the tennis match, I'll be happy.
(I think I have a good chance.) If won a thousand pounds, I'd (But I don't
think I Will.)  We do not use would in the condition clause.
            If the weather was nice           NOT If the
weather                    nice .
             If I had more money .        NOT If I                       more
money
12.2 might
might +
infinitive without ro Might is a modal auxiliary verb. For an introduction to
verbs, See PI 37. The forms of might the same for all persons. positive and
negative

He

might might not

go to the party. be late.
rain tomorrow.
go out for a meal tonight.

The Inverted
question YO" . ? is unusual. It is Very Common to ask a question With DO
YO"

Do you think

you'll get here On time?
it'll rain?
the/ Il Come to                party?

Do you think he'll
  come? Do you think it'll rain?

He might.
It might.

 Might is used to express a future possibility. It contrasts with which,
in the speaker's opinion, expresses a future certainty.
England will win the
match.
(l am sure they
England might win the
match.
(It's
possible, but I don't know.)  Notice that, in the negative, these sentences express the same idea of
vu)ssibility. It might not rain this afternoon.
I don't thinkit¶l rain this afternoon.

Present
Perfect Continuous
has/have+ been + -ing
(present participle)
Positive and negative

You
They

( have)

been working.

's (has) hasn't

How long

the Y

working?

has

she

S h answer

Have you been running?
Has he been shopping?

Yes, I have_/No, I haven't. Yes, he hasJNo, he hasn't.

The present perfect
Continuous is used;
I to express an a Which
began the past and continues to the present.
We've been waiting here
for hours!
It's been raining for
days.
2 to refer to an activity
with a result in the present.
I'm hot because I've been
running.
I haven't got any money
because I've been shopping.
I Sometimes there is
little or no differena in meaning between the
Present Perfect Simple
and Continuous.
HOW long have you worked
here?
How long have you been
working here?
2    Of the verbs that have the idea Of a
long time, for example, work,                  travel,
These vertys can be found
in the Present Perfect Continuous.
I've been playing tennis
since I was a boy.
Think of the verbs that
don't have the idea of a long time, for example, find, start, buy, die, lose,
break, stop. It is unusual to find these verbs in the Present Perfect
Continuous.
My
3    Verbs that express a State, for
example,     have for possession, are not found in the Present Perfect
Continuous.
We've known
each other for a few weeks. NOT We've ch other for a few weeks. How long have
you had your car?
NOT How
4    The present perfect Simple looks at
the completed action. This is Why, if the     gives a           or a quantity,
the Present Perfect Simple is used. The ContinuotLs is not possible. I've
written three letters today.
Unit
14

14.1
past perfect
had + -ed (past
participle)
The past participle of
regular verbs ends in -ed. There are many Common irregular verbs. See the list
on p 143.
Positive and negative

He/ She/lt
We/Yo T hey

'd (had) ha dr,'t

arrived before

Qu estion

Had

he/she/it we/yo u/ they

Yes, he had.
NO, they hadn't.

'The Past Perfect is used
to express an action in the past which happened before another action in the
past.
          Action 2                         Action
I

Notice the use of the
past perfect and the Past Simple in the following sentences.
When I got home, John
cooked a meal. (First I got home. then John c 00 )
When I got home, John had
cooked a meal. (John cooked a meal before got home.)
14.2
Reported statements
Form
The usual rule is that
the verb form moves 'one tensF back'.

Direct SP

Reported speech

 love you.'

He said he loved me.

'I'm going out now.'
Present Perfect

Ann said she was going out.

'We've met before.'

She said they'd met before.

Past Simple

Past Perfect

We met in 1987.'

He said they'd met in 1987.

'I'll mend it for you.'
She said that she would mend it for me.
'I can swim.'                    She said she could swim.
Notice the use of say/
tell.
Say + (that)
She said (that) they were
happy together
Ten +               (that)
He told me (that) he
loved Mary.

Grammar
Reference

Appendix 1                                                      Appendix
2

IRREGULAR VERBS                                                              VERB
PATTERNS

Verb + to + infinitive

choose decide forget prom SC m a n age

help

try
would like would 10

to go
to work

Verb + -ingor to + infinitive

raining/ to rain

Modal

auxiliavyyerbs
go

past was/we re
IRcome         became          become
begin                      began             begun broken bring          brought         brought
build                     built              built buy      bo ught could                       bcc
n able C a Light          caught chose                       chosen          We
often use the verb go -ing for sports and activities. came     come              I
go swimming cost                      I go Shopping at the weekend.
d rink drive
fough t faun d fly forget get
read /rr.d/
slept              Slept spoke SPO ken
spent                    spent stood sto od stole stolen
t 00k     taken told th ought           thought
understand          understood                        understcw-'d woken worn
write
Appendices 143

Phonetic
symbols

Consonants

9
10
I l 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

/g/

as 111 as In as In as In as In

as In as In as In as In as In as In as In as 111 as
    In as In as In as In as In

as In as In
    as In as In

pen /pen/ big 'big/ tea /ti:/ do /du:/ cat 1kCt/ go /gao/
    four /fa:/ very /• veri/ son /s,in/ zoo /zu:/ live {l IV/ my 'mal/ near
    'ma/ happy {hæpi/ red 'red/ yes /jes/ want 'want/ thanks '(ken ks/
    the /ða/ she /lit/' television /•telrv15n/ child /t§alld/
German / • d33:man/
English /'1rjg11J/

Vowels

25           /i:/
26
27
    /i/
28
    /e/
29
30
31
32
33
34
35 36
37           /a/

as In as
    In as m as m as In as In as In as In as In as In
as In

see /si:/ his /'hlz/ twenty / 'twenti/ ten /ten/ stamp /stæmp/
    father hot 'hot/ morning /mo:nrt)," football /'fotba:l/ you /ju:/ sun
    /SAn/ learn {la: n/ letter /'leta/

Diphthongs (two vowels together)

38
    as m     name
    /nerm/
39
    as In     new
    /nao/
40my /mal/
41how /hao/ 42boy /bnr/
43hear 'hla/
44
    lea/ as In         where
    /wea/
45
    goa/ as In        tour
    /toa/

New
    Headway English Course is a development of the highly successful
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Key features
Fresh, modern design,
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New, universal topics selected from a
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In-depth treatment Of grammar, With
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    explanation in the Grammar
Reference,
    followed by extensive practice activities. Systematic vocabulary syllabus,
    including dictionary training, and work on systems such as collocation.
    pronunciation work. which is integrated at appropriate points.
Integrated skills work, Where all four Skills are
    developed in contezt_
Everyday English section, which practises functional
    language and social situations.
In addition, there is a
    Teacher's Book with extra photocopiable material, a photocopiableTeacheNs
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alt: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

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