extracted_text:
Элективный курс по
английскому языку

Л.Н.Курникова,  Т.Н.Лысова

AMERICAN  ENGLISH

Американский английский

2014г

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ  ЗАПИСКА
Актуальность данной темы
объясняется широтой и активностью использования американского варианта английского
языка в разных областях деятельности человека. Учитывая, что в школах изучается
британский вариант английского языка (и по разным учебным пособиям), просто
необходимо дать учащимся представления о наиболее характерных особенностях и
лексических различиях двух вариантов английского языка.
Курс «AMERICAN ENGLISH»
предназначен учащимся 9 – 10-х классов. Он знакомит ребят с лексическими,
грамматическими, морфологическими особенностями американского английского;
различиями в правописании, своеобразием произношения и различием в значении
некоторых слов.
Знакомство осуществляется в
сравнении с британским вариантом английского языка, что способствует увеличению
словарного запаса учащихся. При этом они имеют возможность расширения
информационного поля за счет приобщения к истории, культуре, географии стран
изучаемого языка и приобретения новых знаний о жизни народов в этих странах.
Среди методов изучения курса
предлагаются такие, как изучение текстов, составление сравнительных таблиц,
прослушивание диалогов, начитанных носителями языка, составление и драматизация
диалогов, выполнение тестов и отработка навыков употребления американского
английского через игровые задания. Игры, предлагаемые в 29 – 30 уроках, могут
быть использованы на более раннем этапе, начиная с 22 – 23 уроков.
Изучение курса рассчитано на
30 учебных часов.

ПРОГРАММА КУРСА
Раздел 1. Из истории
американского варианта английского языка.
Американизмы: заимствования и архаизмы.
Словарные новообразования первых поселенцев.

Раздел 2. Различия между американским и британским
вариантами английского языка.
Морфологические различия и различия в
правописании. Американский диалект. Грамматические расхождения. Лексические
различия.

Раздел 3. Учимся говорить по-американски.
Прибытие, аэропорт и средства коммуникации. Транспорт:
деловой центр города, метрополитен, наземный транспорт, автозаправочная
станция.
В городе, повседневная жизнь: многоквартирный дом,
соседи, отпуск.
Еда. Одежда. Деньги.

Раздел 4. Две страны, разделенные одним языком.
Американец в Британии. Об одном и том же на
разных языках.

Раздел 5. Что нужно знать перед поездкой в США.
Специфичные слова и выражения. Как не
«потеряться» в американском английском. Говорим на американском английском. Русский
учащийся в американской принимающей семье.

Раздел 6. С пользой и весельем.
Игры: реши кроссворд, найди слово, убери
лишнее слово, измени слова, прочитай закодированные записки, найди британские и
американские эквиваленты.

CONTENTS

UNIT

TOPIC

CONTENTS

LESSON

I

From the History of American English

§  Americanisms.
§  Borrowed Words.

1- 2

II

Differences between British English and American
  English

§  Morphology and Spelling Divergences
§  American Dialect
§  Grammatical Divergences
§  Lexical Divergences

3 - 4

5 - 6

7 - 8

9 – 10

III

Learn to Speak American English

§  Arrival and Means of Communication
§  Transportation
§  Getting about Town
§   Food. Dress.    Money.

11 - 12

13 - 14
15 - 16

          17 – 19

IV

Speaking English and Talking American

§  So many countries, so many customs.
§  Daily Life.

20 – 21

22

V

50 Essentials to Know about American Lifestyle

§  If you are at a loss with American English
§  Speak American English.
§   A Russian Student in a Host Family

23 – 24

25 – 26

27 -28

VI

For Fun and Profit

§  Let’s have Fun with American English

29 – 30

ЛИТЕРАТУРА:

1.
Каспин И.В., Сегаль
М.М., Шевяков В.Н. Говорим по-американски. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
(американский вариант). Книга I. Тексты и комментарии. Ленинград, 1990.
2.
Каспин И.В., Сегаль
М.М., Шевяков В.Н. Говорим по-американски. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
(американский вариант). Книга III. Диалоги и упражнения. Ленинград, 1990.
3.
Martin Hewings. A
self-study reference and practice book for advanced students of English. Cambridge, University Press, 2005.
4.
Письменная О.А. Окна в
англоязычный мир. Москва, «Славянский дом книги», 2004.
5.
Климентьева Т., Шеннон
Дж. Счастливый английский. Книга 2. Обнинск, «Титул», 1996.
6.
Островский Б.С.
Факультативный курс по английскому языку. Учебное пособие для 8 – 9 классов
средней школы. Москва, «Просвещение», 1985.
7.
Старков А.П.,
Островский Б.С. Учебное пособие для 9 класса средней школы. Москва,
«Просвещение», 1985.
8.
Методическая мозаика. Приложение
к журналу «Иностранные языки в школе», 3/2005
9.
«Speak  Out» (журнал
для изучающих английский язык), 3/2005

Speech is a mirror of the
soul: as a man speaks, so he is.
Publilius
Syrus

UNIT I.   FROM
THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

LESSONS 1 - 2.  AMERICANISMS AND THEIR ROOTS
1. Answer the questions:
a)
Have you ever heard such
term as “americanism” before?
b)
What do you think it
means?
c)
Can you give any
examples of “americanisms”?

 2. Read the text and try to answer these
questions again.

American
English

The English language in America (AE) has
been influenced by American Indian Languages and by all the ethnic groups that
have emigrated to the United States over the years.
The term “americanism” was first used by
John Witherspoon, president of Princeton University, in 1781. It designates (a)
any word or combination of words which, taken into the English language in the
United States, has not gained acceptance in England, or, if accepted, has
retained its sense of foreignness; and (b) any word or combination of words
which, becoming archaic in English, has continued in good usage in the United
States.
The first class is the larger and has the
long history. The earliest settlers in Virginia and New England, confronted by
plants and animals that were unfamiliar to them, either borrowed the Indian
names or invented names of their own. Examples are afforded by raccoon
(енот), chinkapin (каштан карликовый), opossum
(опоссум, карликовая крыса), squash (кабачок, тыква), woodchuck
(сурок лесной североамериканский) among Indian words and by bullfrog (лягушка-бык,
лягушка-вол), canvas-back (нырок), catbird (дрозд американский)
and liveoak (дуб виргинский) among inventions. Many other words
came in as the pioneers gained familiarity with the Indian life. Such words as hominy
(дробленная кукуруза, мамалыга), moccasin (мокасин), pone (кукурузная
лепешка), tapioca (крупа из крахмала) and succotash
(сакоташ, блюдо из зеленой кукурузы, бобов и соленой свинины) remain everyday
Americanisms.
The archaisms, of course, showed themselves
more slowly. They had to go out of use in England before their survival in America
was noticeable. But by the beginning of the 18th century there was
already a considerable body of them, and all through that century they
increased. The English language in Great Britain (BE) was changing rapidly, but
in America it was holding to its forms. There was very little fresh emigration
to the colonies, and their own people seldom visited England. Thus by the end
of the century “I guess” was already an Americanism, though it had been in
almost universal use in England in Shakespeare’s days.

3. Group the words of the first class according to
categories: borrowings,
     inventions and everyday Americanisms.

4. Discuss the questions in pairs and answer them:
a) Do all languages borrow words? Give the
examples, if you can.
b) Where did American English borrow its words
from? Give some examples, if
     you can do it.
c) Why did American English begin
developing new words of its own?

5. Read the text and answer the questions about the
process of word formation in AE once again.

Word formation in American English

American English borrowed words from the
non-English settlers, and developed many new words of its own. The native
coinages were large in number, and full of boldness and novelty. To this period
belong, for example, backwoods (глушь, необжитое место, захолустье),
hoecake (кукурузная лепешка), half-breed (метис, полукровка),
hired-girl (амер. работница на ферме), spelling bee
(амер. конкурс на лучшее правописание), mossback (амер.разг.
южанин, скрывающийся от службы в армии /во время гражданской войны/), stamping-ground
(место водопоя, пастбище; амер.разг. часто посещаемое место). These
words were all made of the common materials of English, but there was something
in them that was redolent of the pioneer people and a new world. A number of
important words, in daily use, began to show different meanings in England
and America. Some familiar examples are store, rock, lumber and corn.
What Englishmen call a shop was called a store by
Americans as early as 1770, and long before that time corn in
American, had come to signify, not grains in general, but only maize.
The use of rock to designate any stone, however  small, goes back still
further, and so does the use of lumber for timber.
Many of these differences were produced by changes of English usage. Thus cracker,
in England, once meant precisely what it now means in the United States. When the English abandoned it for biscuit the Americans stuck
to cracker, and used biscuit to designate something else. Also, shoe
came to be substituted in America for the English boot.

6. Look through these two texts and tell about the
history of American English
    as:
    - you are a professor of linguistics, lecturing
your students;
    - you are a tourist who came back home and who
wants to share your
      impressions of American everyday life.

 UNIT II.  DIFFERENCES
 BETWEEN  AMERICAN  ENGLISH  AND
 BRITISH  ENGLISH

LESSONS 3 - 4.  DIFFERENCES
 IN  MORPHOLOGY  AND  SPELLING

1. Answer the questions:

   a) Do you think such differences are of great
importance?
   b) Can you give any examples illustrating your
idea?

2. Read the text and answer the previous
questions again.

There are no differences in suffixes,
prefixes, morphology and syntax. But there are differences in tendency of using
them.
American English could more easily than
British English form nouns ending with “–ette (-et)” with the
diminunative meaning (luncheonette/ dinette/ dinerette
– небольшое кафе), or to show gender (such as conductorette).
Similarly, American English more extensively uses the suffix “-wise” in
the meaning of “with regard to” or “in terms of” (instructionwise,
taxwise, pricewise, weatherwise). Also popular
among Americanisms is the prefix “super-” (superhighway,
superfilm, superweapon), and also the verb suffix “-ize”.
Equally registered tendency of American English is to use the morphological
forms of the type “got”:“gotten”. Worth of
mentioning is the usage of expressive compound words (trigger-happy
– агрессивно-настроенный, mastermind – гений, gangland
– преступный мир), as well as forming verbs from nouns (to politic
– вести политическую кампанию, to deed– передавать по акту), or
forming nouns with the help of verbs followed by adverbs (walk-up
– дом без лифта, shut-out – победа с сухим счетом). Such examples
are numerous, they are widely used in British English and other variants of
English, which reflects their meeting the needs of communication.

And what about differences in spelling?

There are number of differences. For
example, in America “programme” is written like “telegram”;
there is no letter “u” in words like “colour,
labour”; “theatre” and “kilometre” are
spelt “theater” and “kilometer”; “traveller”
and “travelling” and other words like them have only one letter “l”.

2.
Look through the
list of “Graphic divergences” to get some more
        information and give some more examples.
A

American English

British English

Translation

ardor

ardour

задор, упорство

armor

armour

броня, панцирь

candor

candour

искренность, прямота

clamor

clamour

шум, гул

clangor

clangour

звон(металлических предметов)

color

colour

цвет

favor

favour

любезность

harbor

harbour

гавань

honor

honour

почесть

humor

humour

юмор

labor

labour

работа

neighbor

neighbour

сосед

odor

odour

аромат, благоухание

parlor

parlour

гостиная, зал, ателье

rancor

rancour

злость, сокровенная вражда

rigor

rigour

строгость, суровость

valor

valour

доблесть

vapor

vapour

пар

vigor

vigour

сила, мощь

B

American English

British English

Translation

prolog

prologue

пролог

monolog

monologue

монолог

dialog

dialogue

диалог

café

café

кафе

elite

elite

элита

fete

fete

праздник, празднования

matinee

matinee

дневной спектакль

C

American English

British English

Translation

level- leveled- leveling

level – levelled – levelling

уровень

counsel-counseled counseling - counselor

counsel – counselled – counselling – counsellor

рекомендовать, давать совет

jeweler – jewelery

jeweller – jewellery

ювелир, драгоценности

travel –
  traveled -   traveling – traveler

travel – travelled – travelling - traveller

путешествовать

D

American English

British English

Translation

defense

defence

оборона, защита

offense

offence

нарушение, проступок, обида

license

licence

лицензия, свидетельство

practise

practice

практика

pretense

pretence

притворство, претензия

E

American English

British English

Translation

center

centre

центр

fiber

fibre

волокно

luster

luster

глянец, блеск, слава

meter

metre

метр

theater

theatre

театр

F

American English

British English

Translation

impanel

empanel

включать в список присяжных заседателей

incase

encase

упаковывать, обрамлять

incrust

encrust

покрываться коркой, ржавчиной

infold

enfold

завертывать, обнимать

insure

ensure

обеспечивать, гарантировать

G

American English

British English

Translation

esthetic

aesthetic

эстетичный

anesthesia

anaesthesia

анестезия

encyclopedia

encyclopaedia

энциклопедия

anemic

anaemic

анемичный

hemorrhage

haemorrhage

кровотечение

maneuver

manoeuver

маневр

orthopedics

orthopedics

ортопедия

eon

aeon

вечность,геол. эра

H

American English

British English

Translation

draft, draught

draught

сквозняк

bark

bark, barque

большое парусное судно

check

cheque

банковский чек

catalog

catalogue

каталог

gage, gauge

gauge

калибр, масштаб

plow, plough

plough

плуг, пахать

tire

tyre

шина

putter

potter

заниматься мелочами, суетиться, бесцельно тратить
  время

taffy

toffee

конфета из сахара и масла

3.     Prepare speaking about morphology and graphic
divergences giving as many illustrations as you can.

 LESSONS  5 - 6. THE
AMERICAN DIALECT

·
Do
you think it is difficult for an Englishman to understand an American? Why?

1. Read the text and answer the questions:
   a) What are the roots of American Dialect?
   b) What are the main dialects of American English?
   c) What dialect has the greatest number of
differences?

American Dialect

The American dialect of English was firmly
established by the time the Republic was well–started, and in the half-century
following it departed more and more from Standard English. The settlement of
the West, by taking large numbers of young men beyond the pale of urbane
society, made for grotesque looseness in speech. Neologisms of the most
extravagant sorts arose by the thousand, and many of them worked their way back
to the East, and with them a vast number of characteristic American words,
e.g., breadstuffs, mileage, balance (in the sense of remainder) and elevator (a
place for storing grain).
During the two decades before the Civil War
everyday American became almost unintelligible to an Englishman; every English
visitor marked and denounced its vagaries. It was bold and lawless in its
vocabulary, careless of grammatical niceties, and further disfigured by a
drawling manner of speech. The congressional debates of the time were full of
its phrases; soon they were to show themselves in the national literature.
After the Civil War there was an increase
of national self-consciousness, and efforts were made to police the language.
Professional grammarians got help from certain of the literati. The campaign
went to great lengths. But the spirit of the language, and of the American
people no less, was against reforms, and they were reduced to vanity by the
unconquerable speech habits of the folk. Under the very noses of the purists a
new and vigorous American slang came into being, and simultaneously the common
speech began to run amok.
In the face of a new situation the American
shows a far greater linguistic resourcefulness and daring than the Englishman.
The visiting Englishman finds them very difficult. They puzzle him even more
than do American peculiarities of pronunciation. Of late the increase of travel
and other inter-communication between England and America has tended to halt
the differentiation of the two dialects. It was more marked, perhaps, before
the World War than since. Today, urbanization, quick transport and television
have tended to level out some dialectal differences in the United States.
The dialect regions of the United States are most clearly marked along the Atlantic littoral, where the earlier
settlements were made. Three dialects can be defined: Northern, Midland and
Southern. Each has its subdialects. The speech of the Atlantic Seaboard shows
far greater differences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary than that of
any area in the North Central States, the Upper Midwest, the Rocky Mountains or
the Pacific Coast. In some areas of South Carolina and Georgia
the American Negroes who had been imported to work the rice and cotton
plantations developed a contact language called Gullah or Geechee, that made
use of many structural and lexical features of their native languages.

2. Read the second part of the text about American
Dialect and organize the
    examples of divergences in a cluster.

The chief differences between British
Received Pronunciation and a variety of American English, such as Inland
Northern (the speech form of western New England and its derivatives, often
popularly referred to as General American) are in the pronunciation of certain
individual vowels and diphthongs. It is next to impossible to dwell here upon
divergences of both variants in phonetics – sounds, stress, accent, intonation.
Examples are numerous to illustrate the fact. Here are some of them.
There are differences in pronouncing the
letter “a” in such words as “ask, answer, can’t, half, class, glass, after,
example”. Englishmen pronounce it as [a:], but Americans – as [ǽ].
Such pair of letters as “ew” is pronounced
as [ju:] in British English and       [u:] in American English. That’s why
Englishmen pronounce “new, dew” as    [nju:], [dju:]. Americans pronounce these
words as [nu:], [du:].
The letter “o” sounds as [o] in such words
as “not, hot, top” in British English but Americans pronounce it as [Λ].
In British English the letter “r” is silent
in words “car, port, sister”. That’s why Englishmen pronounce them as [ka:], [po:t],
[΄sistә]. Americans
pronounces them in the other way – [ka:r], [po:rt], [΄sistәr].
In British English the letter “t” sounds
like [t] and Englishmen pronounce “better” and “city” as [΄betә] and [΄siti]. Americans pronounce
them as [΄bedәr]
and     [΄sidi].
Englishmen pronounce “tomato” as [tә΄ma:tәu], “figure” as [΄figә], “schedule” as [΄∫edju:l]. In
American English these words are pronounced as
[tә΄meitәu], [‘figәr] and [΄skedju:l]. “Advertisement” in British
English is [әd΄vә:tismәnt], and in American English it is
pronounced as [ǽdvәr΄taizmәnt].

·
Can you
answer the previous question more detailed? Do it, please.
·
Finish
the cluster, please.

ask

3. “Ping-pong” game. Play this game and learn
pronunciation of the words.

Organize two teams. Some of you are Americans, the
others are Englishmen. The first team begins “throwing” the words pronouncing
them as it is normal in British English. Your “American” friends repeat the
same words with their specific pronunciation. Good luck!

4. Interview your classmate who “visited” the USA
about the “strange
    American English”.

LESSONS 7 - 8.  GRAMMATICAL
DIVERGENCES

1. Grammar is the skeleton of any language.
Do you think there are a lot of grammatical divergences in American English? Do
they make American English simpler to use or more complicated?
If you don’t know how to answer, leave then
for now. You’ll be able to answer them after studying comparative tables.

British English

American English

The Present perfect is used for an action in
  the past with a result now:
-
  I’ve lost my key. Have
  you seen it?

-
  Sally isn’t here.
  She’s gone out.

The Present Perfect is used with just,
  already and yet.
-
  I’m not hungry. I’ve
  just had lunch.

-
  A: What time is Mike leaving?
           B: He has already left.

-
  Have you finished your work yet?

The Present Perfect or Past Simple
  can be used:
-
  I’ve lost my key. Have
  you seen it?
                  or:
         I lost my key. Did you see
  it?
     - Sally isn’t here. She’s gone out.
        (She went out.)
The Present Perfect or Past Simple
  can be used:
-
  I’m not hungry. I’ve
  just had lunch.
(I just had lunch.)
      - A: What time is Mike leaving?
         B: He has already left. (He already
              left.)
-
  Have you finished your work yet?
                         or:
     -   Did you finish your work yet?

British speakers usually say:
         - have a bath, have a shower
         - have a break, have a holiday

Americans speakers say:
-
  take a bath, take a
  shower
-
  take a break, take a
  vacation

Will or shall can be used with “I/we”:
-
  I will/shall be late
  this evening.
“Shall I…?” and ”Shall we…?”
     are used to ask for advice etc.:
-
  Which way shall we
  go?

Shall is
  unusual:
-
  I will be late this
  evening.
“Should I…?” and “Should we…?”
    are more usual to ask for advice etc.:
     - Which way should we go?

British speakers use “can’t” to say they
  believe something is not probable:
-
  Sue hasn’t contacted
  me.
She can’t have got my message.

American speakers use “must not” in this
  situation:
-
  Sue hasn’t contacted
  me.
She must not have gotten my
  message.

You can use “needn’t” or “don’t need to”:
-
  We needn’t
  hurry.
                     or
     -     We don’t need to hurry.

“Needn’t” is unusual. The usual form is “don’t
  need to”:
 -  We don’t need to hurry.

After “demand, insist, etc.” you can use “should”:

-
  I demanded
  that we should apologise.
-
  We insisted
  that something should be done about the problem.

The subjunctive is normally used. “Should”
  is unusual after “demand, insist, etc.”:
-
  I demanded that
  he apologize.

-
  We insisted that
  something be done about the problem.

Many verbs ending in “-ise” in British
  English :
-
  apologise
-
  organise
-
  specialise,
  etc.

Such verbs are spelt with “-ize” in American
  English:
          - apologize
          - organize
          - specialize, etc.

British speakers generally use “Have you?/
  Isn’t she? etc.”.
 A: Liz isn’t feeling well.
 B:
  Isn’t she? What’s wrong with her?

American speakers generally use “You have?
  / She isn’t? etc.”.
 A: Liz isn’t feeling well.
 B: She isn’t? What’s wrong with her?

“Accommodation” is usually uncountable:
 - There isn’t enough accommodation here.

“Accommodation” can be countable:

 - There aren’t enough accommodation.

“to/in hospital”(without “the”):
-
  Three people were
  injured and taken to hospital.

“to/in the hospital”:
-
  Three people were
  injured and taken to the hospital.

Nouns like “government, team, family, etc.”
  can have singular or plural verb:
 - The team is / are playing well.

These nouns normally take a singular verb in
  American English:
-
  The team is playing
  well.

“at the weekend/at weekends”:
 - Will you be here at the weekend?

“on the weekend/on weekends”:
-
  Will you be here on
  the weekend?

“different from” or “different to”:
-
  It was different
  from / to what I’d
expected.

“different from” or “different than”:
 - It was different from / than what I’d
    expected.

“at the front / at the back(of a
  group), etc.”:
 - Let’s sit at the front (of the cinema).

“in the front / in the back (of a
  group), etc.”:
-
  Let’s sit in the front
  (of the movie).

British speakers use both “round” and “around”:
-
  He turned round.
                   or:
     -    He turned around.

American speakers use “around” (not usually
  “round”):
       - He turned around.

“get on = progress”:
-
  How are you getting
  on in your new job?
“get on (with somebody)”:
-
  Richard gets on
  well with his new
neighbours.

American speakers do not use “get on”
  in this way.

“get along (with somebody)”:
-
  Richard gets along
  well with his new neighbors.

“do up a room / etc.”:
 - The kitchen looks great now that it
    has been done up.

“do over a room / etc.”:
 - The kitchen looks great now that it
    has been done over.

The verbs in this section (burn, spell, learn,
  etc.) can be regular or irregular ( “burned” or “burnt”,
  “spelled” or “spelt”, etc.).
The Past Participle of “get” is “got”:
 - Your English has got much better.(=
    has become much better).
“Have got” is also an alternative “to
  have”:
   -  I’ve got two brothers. ( I have
  two
      brothers.

The verbs in this section are normally regular
  (burned, spelled, learned, etc.).

The past participle of “get” is “gotten”:
-
  Your English has
  gotten much better.
“Have got = have (as in British
  English)”:
      - I have two brothers.

2. Study the tables once again and answer the
questions:

    a) What have you learnt about using the Present
Perfect Tense in American
        English?
    b) When do Americans use “must not” instead of
“can’t”?
    c) Is there any differences in using such words as
“accommodation, team,
        family” in both variants?
   d) Is “do up a room” the same as “do over a room”?
Which of these expressions
       is American?
   e) Are there any differences in verb form in
American English and British
       English?

3. Do some necessary changes to make the dialogues
sound American.

a)
A: Do you know what time is Mark leaving?
    B: He has already left.
    A: He can’t have left without saying me
“good bye”.

b)
A: We’ve got enough time. We needn’t hurry.
     B: Really? So, which way shall we go?

c)
A: Margaret isn’t feeling well.
     B: Isn’t she? What’s wrong with her?
     A: She’s got pneumonia. I insisted that
something should be done about this
          problem.
     B: I think she must be taken to hospital.

LESSONS 9 - 10.  LEXICAL
DIVERGENCES

1. Try to answer these questions:
1)  What do Americans pour into the tanks of their
cars: gas or petrol?
2)  What do they do at the movies?
3)  Can you leave home wearing only T-shirt and pants?
4)  Where do planes fly using paraffin?
5)  In Russia you live on the first floor. What floor
do you live if you are:
     - in the UK?
     - in the USA?
6) Will you look for a flat or an apartment if you
stay in New York for a fortnight ?
7) What does an American keep in his dresser?
8) When can’t you eat crackers?
9) Where would you call in Seattle if your house were
in fire: a fire department or
     a fire-brigade?
10)  Can you read a pocket-book?
11)  Is a crazy man as clever as a mad man?
12)  Would you look for a counter in an American
post-office?
13)  What would you ask for if you wanted to send a
telegramme: a blank or a
       telegram form?
14)  Who could help you with your baggage in Boston:
a porter or a redcap?
15)  Do you stand in a queue or a line in the store in
  Atlanta?

2. If you have any difficulties answering the
questions, look through the tables
    below and try to do it again.

American English

British English

Translation

fall

autumn

осень

vacation

holiday

отпуск

vacationer, vacationist

holiday-maker

отдыхающий, отпускник

landslide

landslip

обвал, оползень

movies
(movie theater)

cinema
(theatre)

кино(театр)

movie

film

кинофильм

orchestra seat

stall

кресло в партере

street musician

busker

уличный музыкант

street light

lamppost

фонарный столб

depot

station

вокзал, железная дорога

restroom

public convenience

общественный туалет

sidewalk

pavement

тротуар

freeway

motorway

автострада, автомагистраль

subway

tube, underground

метро

railroad

railway

железная дорога

railroad track

railway line

железнодорожный путь

streetcar, trolley

tram

трамвай

parking lot

car park

автомобильная стоянка

cab

taxi

такси

truck

lorry, van, trailer

грузовой автомобиль

flat-car

truck

открытая железнодорожная платформа

passenger car

carriage

пассажирский вагон

railroad car, freight car, baggage car

(railroad) wagon, van

товарный или багажный вагон

trailer

caravan

жилой автоприцеп

sailboat

sailing boat

парусная шлюпка

gasoline (gas)

petrol

бензин

flat tire, blow-out

puncture

прокол (шины)

hood

bonnet

капот

top

hood

откидной верх автомобиля

fender

wing, mudguard

крыло (автомобиля)

bumper

fender

буфер, амортизатор

license plate

number plate

номерная табличка

spark-plug

sparking-plug

свеча зажигания

kerosene

paraffin

керосин

lumber

timber

лесоматериалы

yard

garden

сад

apartment building

block of flats

многоквартирный дом

smoke-stack

chimney

дымовая труба

first floor

ground floor

первый этаж

second floor

first floor

второй этаж

elevator

lift

лифт

hallway

vestibule; corridor

коридор

apartment

flat

квартира

living-room

drawing-room

гостиная

bureau

chest of drawers

шифоньерка

closet (for hanging clothes)

wardrobe

шкаф

dresser

kitchen sideboard

кухонный шкаф для посуды

davenport

sofa, coach

диван

bug

insect

насекомое

antenna

aerial

антенна

faucet

tap

водопроводный кран

drapes

curtains

занавески

Scotch tape

sellotape

«скотч» (склеивающая лента)

flashlight

torch

электрический фонарик

monkey wrench

spanner

гаечный ключ

wall plug

multiple outlet adapter

штепсельная вилка, тройник

garbage

rubbish

мусор

garbage can

dustbin

мусорный ящик

can

tin

консервы, консервная банка

canned foods

tinned foods

консервированные фрукты

can opener

tin-opener

открывалка

pitcher

jug

графин

skillet

frying pan

сковорода

cook-book

cookery book

поваренная книга

chop

cutlet

(отбивная) котлета

tenderloin

filet, undercut

филей, вырезка

bacon

gammon

окорок

bacon (mixture of fat and lean)

streaky (bacon)

бекон с прослойками жира

endive

chicory

цикорий

chicory

endive

салат эндивий

sucker

lollipop

леденец

dessert

sweets (course)
/puddings, cakes/

десерт, сладкое (выпечка)

fruit (included into dessert)

dessert (fruit is served after “sweets”)

десерт (фрукты)

candy

sweets

конфеты

cookie

biscuit

домашнее печенье

cracker

biscuit

сухое печенье, крекер

graham cracker

digestive

крекеры из муки цельного помола

crackers

firecrackers

фейерверк

store

shop

магазин

drugstore

chemist’s

аптека

druggist

chemist

аптекарь

cigar store

tobacconist’s

табачный магазин

liquor store

off-licence

вино-водочный магазин

shoe store

boot shop

магазин обуви

dry goods store

drapers’ shop

магазин тканей

barber shop

barber’s

мужская парикмахерская

beauty parlor

hairdresser’s

женская парикмахерская

notions

haberdashery

галантерейные товары

notion counters

haberdashery department

галантерея

news-stand

newspaper stall

киоск печати

fire department

fire-brigade

пожарная команда

call

phone

звонить

hang up

ring off

положить трубку, закончить разговор

pants

trousers

штаны

suspenders

braces

подтяжки

(high) shoes

boots

ботинки

bootblack

shoeblack

чистильщик сапог

vest

waistcoat

жилетка

undershirt

vest

майка

bathrobe

dressing gown

халат

rubbers

galoshes

калоши

galoshes

overshoes

ботики

tuxedo

dinner jacket

смокинг

(woman’s) tailor-made suit

costume

женский костюм

pocket-book

wallet

плоская женская сумочка

purse

handbag

женская сумочка

shades

sunglasses

солнцезащитные очки

baby carriage

pram

детская коляска

pacifier

dummy

соска

diaper

nappy

пеленка

dull

blunt

тупой (карандаш)

eraser

rubber

резинка

deck (of cards)

pack (of cards)

колода (карт)

crazy

mad

сумасшедший

be sick

be ill

быть больным, нездоровым

be ill

be sick

тошнить

visit

call

зайти ненадолго

sideburns

sideboards

баки, бачки

wad

crumple

мять, комкать

bone up

cram

зубрить

telephone booth

telephone box

телефонная будка

the line is busy

the line is engaged

линия занята

(telegram) blank

telegram form

бланк телеграммы

ticket office

booking-office

билетная касса

baggage

luggage

багаж

tag

label

бирка, ярлык, этикетка

one way ticket

single (ticket)

билет в один конец

round trip ticket

return ticket

билет в оба конца, «туда и обратно»

redcap

porter

носильщик

cart

trolley

тележка

line

queue

очередь

to stand in line

to queue

стоять в очереди

enquire

inquire

спрашивать, наводить справки

mail

post, mail

почта, отправлять почту

mailman

postman

почтальон

mailbox

letter box, pillar box, post-box

почтовый ящик

window (in a post-office)

counter

стойка (в почтовом отделении)

wire

telegram(me)

телеграмма

workout

training, exercise

тренировка

clerk; sales clerk

shop-assistant, sales assistant

 продавец

cop

bobby

полицейский

janitor

caretaker

дворник, сторож

mortician

undertaker

хозяин похоронного бюро

bill

(bank) note

банкнот

check; bill

bill

счет (в ресторане)

check

cheque

чек (для оплаты в банке)

checkbook

cheque-book

чековая книжка

purchase order

order

заказ (на товар)

(common) stock

share

(обычная) акция

stockholder

shareholder

акционер

checking account

current account

текущий счет

saving account

deposit account

сберегательный счет

go bankrupt, go into bankruptcy

go into liquidation (about Ltd. company); go
  bankrupt (private individuals, partnerships)

обанкротиться

period

full stop

точка

in parenthesis

in brackets

в скобках

billion

milliard

миллиард

trillion

billion

биллион

quintillion

trillion

триллион

a quarter before (of) eight

a quarter to eight

без четверти восемь

a quarter after eight

a quarter past eight

четверть девятого

3. Study the table more thoroughly and group them
according to different
    rubrics. How many spheres of people’s life do they
concern?

4. Try to explain why even an Englishman (when first
landing in the United
    States) has got some difficulties in understanding
the talk of people
    standing around him. Use the information of
Lessons 2 – 5.

UNIT III.  LEARN TO
SPEAK AMERICAN ENGLISH

LESSONS 11 - 12.  ARRIVAL
AND MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Study the topical words and expressions.

American English

British English

Russian

fill out

fill in

заполнить

last name

surname

фамилия

Excuse me…

Pardon…

извините

purse

handbag

сумочка

elevator

lift

лифт

first floor

ground floor

1-й этаж

telephone booth

telephone box

телефонная будка

restroom

toilet

туалет

call up

ring up

позвонить

Lost and Found

trunk call

междугородный

long distance

Lost Property

бюро находок

call collect

reserve charge

телефонный разговор с оплатой вызываемым абонентом

connect

put through

соединять

busy

engaged

занято

line up

queue up

становиться в очередь

ZIP code

post code

почтовый индекс

front desk

reception

стол администратора (гостиницы)

desk clerk

receptionist

дежурный администратор

wire

telegramme

телеграмма

liquor

spirits

спиртное

mailbox

letter-box

почтовый ящик

Tuesday through Saturday

from Tuesday till Saturday

со вторника до субботы

exchange money

change money

обменивать деньги

dollar bill

банкнота в 1 доллар

pound note

банкнота в 1
   фунт

2. Play “Ping-pong game” (to remember words as quickly
as possible)

3. Listen to the dialogues and then read them in
parts. Which of you is speaking American English?

Victor is Russian. He has been to the USA and learnt American English there.
Now he is in London but he continues to speak American English. His British
friend Brian helps him to adapt to British English.

-
  Do I have to fill out
  any forms?

-
  He means he wants you
  to print your last name.

-
  Yes, you have to fill
  in this form here and, please, write your surname in block letters

-
  Oh, I see, thank you.
  I have to earn a language, it seems.

-
  Excuse me, could you
  tell me where the restroom is

-
  You mean Lost and
  Found?
-
  You’ve dropped you
  purse, ma’am.

-
  You mean the toilet?
  Go past the Lost property – and there it is.

-
  Pardon? Oh, you mean
  my handbag. Thank you very much.

-
  I want to call up a
  friend. Where is the phone booth?

-
  It’s going to be a
  long distance call, and I want to call collect.

-
  That’s, I guess. And
  where do I exchange my dollar bills for pound notes?

-
  But we are on the
  first floor. What to I need an elevator for?

-
  You may ring up your
  friend from that phone box over there.

-
  You mean you would
  like to make a trunk call with reverse charge, is that it?

-
  If you want to change
  money, you’ll have to take the lift to the first floor, and there is the
  bank.

-
  It’s the ground
  floor, and not the first floor. We are on the ground floor, the bank is on
  the first floor, sir.

-
  Did you make that
  trunk call?

-
  If you were English
  you would have said: they couldn’t put me through, and then the line was
  engaged.

-
  There’s a letter box
  in front of the chemist’s.

-
  Yes, they call it a
  drugstore in the States.

-
  You may send the
  telegramme from the post-office across the street. You know the post code, of
  course.

-
  No, there’s no queue
  for telegrammes.

-
  I tried to, but they
  couldn’t connect me, and the line was busy.

-
  I’ll try to remember
  that, thank you. I have to mail some letters and send a telegram home, too.
  How do I go about it?

-
  The chemist’s?

-
  Aha, and there’s the
  mailbox, I see it. And what about the telegram?

-
  The ZIP code, you
  mean? Yes, I know it. There’s quite a crowd here. Do I have to line up to
  send the wire?

-
  Here we are at the
  hotel. There’s (the) Reception. This is where you register.

-
  It’s the receptionist
  with us.

-
  Good evening, sir,
  here’s your key. How long are you going to stay, sir?

-
  From Monday till
  Thursday? Are you leaving on Thursday?

-
  Thank you, sir.

-
  I’m used to this
  being called the “front desk” and the person behind it “desk clerk”.

-
  Monday through Thursday.

-
  Yes, Thursday night.

-
  Customs officer: Any
  spirits, sir?

-
  Did you say “California”? How very unusual.

-
  Do you mean liquor?
  Yes, a bottle of gin and two bottles of the best California wine.

4. Define which of the statements belong to
an American and which ones – to
    an Englishman.

1.
I want to make a call to California – collect. How do I go about it?
2.
I’m sorry, your number’s engaged. Shall I try and put you through later?
3.
After you have filled out the form, take the elevator to the second     floor
and there     you may exchange your money.
4.
Where can I find a phone box? I want to ring up my mother. It’s going to be
a    trunk call and I want the charge reversed.
5.
The toilet’s on the ground floor. Go past the chemist’s, the Lost Property and
    there you’ll see it.
6.
There’s no need for you to queue up with your telegramme.
7.
He’s going to stay with us Saturday through Wednesday.

5. How can you say these words and expressions if you
are
     - in Washington, D.C.?
     - in Manchester?

6. Make your own dialogue according to the models and
act it out.

LESSONS 13 – 14.   TRANSPORTATION

1. Study the topical words and expressions.

American English

British English

Russian

gas

petrol

бензин

gas station

filling station

АЗС

flat

puncture

прокол (шины)

deport

station

вокзал

railroad

railway

железная дорога

downtown

centre of the city

центр города

underpass

subway

подземный переход

subway (in New York)

underground / Tube

Метро

bus

bus / coach

Автобус

streetcar

tram

Трамвай

transportation

transport

Транспорт

one way ticket

single ticket

билет в одну сторону

round up ticket

return ticket

обратный билет

rent

hire

Прокат

2. Complete the sentences.

1. - Americans put … in their tanks.
    -Englishmen put … in their tanks.

2. – The first do it at the ….
    - The second do it at the ….

3. - Going to Bath I had a … of my tire.
    - Going to Austin I had a … of my
       tire.

4. - My relatives live in … of London.
    - My relatives live in … of New York.

5. – Use … when you cross the Strand.
    - Use … when you cross
      Pennsylvania Avenue.

6. -  Thousands of Londoners go to
        work by ….
     - Thousands of New Yorkers go to
        work by ….

7. – I’d come to the …. in York before
       my train left.
    -  I’d come to the … in Phoenix
       before my train left.

8. – There are no … in  small towns of
       Great Britain.
 - There are no … in small towns of the
    USA.

9. – When I go to my aunt who lives in
       Manchester I always buy a … ticket
       not to worry about it later.
    -  When I go to my aunt who lives in
       Salt Lake City I always buy a …
       ticket not to worry about it later.

10. – Last month I bought a … ticket
       when I visited my auntie living in
       Dover because I didn’t know the
       day of my departure.
      - Last month I bought a … ticket
        when I visited my auntie living in
        Denver because I didn’t know the
        day of my departure.

11. – The … of the car in Great Britain
        is rather expensive.
       - The … of a car in the United
        States is rather cheap.

3. Read the dialogues. Mind the differences in
American and British
    English.

 - Are you going to get a taxi?

 - I’ll try to translate into American,
   “We’ll have to stop for gas at the gas
   station.

 - No, I have got a car, but I’m afraid,
    I’m running out of petrol, so we have
    to stop at the filling station.

 - Are we driving downtown?

 - Is that a subway station?

 - How do you mean, “take a subway to
   get to the Tube”?

 - I see. As we Russians put it, “You
   learn as you live.” Do you use
   streetcars a lot?

 - What’s the best way to Oxford?

 - Do you have a railroad schedule at the
   hotel?

 - Do I have to buy  a one way ticket or
   a round trip ticket?

 - And how about renting a car instead?

 - Yes, I’m sure you’re right. And your
    public transportation is much more
   efficient than in the States.

 - Yes, we are almost in the centre of the
    city.
 - Yes, that’s a Tube station, which is
    the closest to your hotel. You may
    just take the subway from the front
   door, and you’ll get to the Tube.
 - Yes, a subway is an underground
    passage used for crossing the street

 - No, we haven’t got many trams, we
    mainly use buses or coaches as we
    often call them.

 - I think the best way would be to go by train. It
  won’t take you long, and the travel is most enjoyable.

 - I’m sure they’ve got a railway
   timetable at (the) Reception. You can
   get to the railway station by Tube.

 - No, certainly it is advisable to get a
    return ticket, rather than a single one
    – it’s much more convenient.

 - Of course, you may hire a car, but it’s
    much more tiring, and Oxford is
    meant for walking not driving. It’s
    such a beautiful old town!

 - I should say so. I’d say our public
   transport is satisfactory.

4. Define which of the statements belong to an
American and which ones – to
    an  Englishman?

1.
The subway will take you to the railroad station and there address yourself to
the
    Lost and Found – they may have your briefcase.
2.
These things are found in drugstores. There’s one close to the gas station.
3.
Ask the receptionist. She will direct you to the centre of the city and tell
you
    which Tube station is the nearest.
4.
You should have bought a return ticket, there would be no need to queue for the
    ticket office.
5.
Mr. Johnson would like to hire a car but he wonders where he can change
    money.
6.
The coaches stop quite near the filling stations and if you read the timetable
    you’ll see if we have time for the pub.
7.
I want to get downtown. Will the streetcar take me there?

5. Ask where these places are if you are in:
    - New York.
    - London.

1. метро
2. железнодорожный вокзал
3. АЗС
4. центр города

5. прокат машин
6. подземный переход
7. билетная касса, где можно купить
    билет в одном направлении

6. Make your own dialogues using these words and
expressions. Take the previous     dialogues as examples. Act out your
dialogues.

Situations:
Ø You want to get downtown.
Ø You need renting a car.
Ø You think of buying a
  ticket.
Ø You have to stop for gas at
  the gas station.

LESSONS 15 – 16.  GETTING
ABOUT TOWN

1. Read the words and answer
  the questions:

    - Have you met any of
  them earlier?
    - When and where was it?

American English

British English

Russian

on the street

in the street

на улице

apartment house

block of flats

многоэтажный дом

sidewalk

pavement

тротуар

apartment

flat

квартира

drop in, stop by

drop in

зайти (в гости)

truck

lorry

грузовик

billion

milliard

миллиард

vacation

holiday

отпуск

movie (theater)

cinema

кинотеатр

ask for a ride

ask for a lift

попросить подвезти

give a ride

give a lift

подвезти

guy

cap / bloke

парень (мужчина)

to get sick

to be taken / fall ill

заболеть

2. Tell about American equivalents of some
British words as if you are an
     English    teacher.

3. Read the dialogues. Mind the differences
in American and British
    English.

§  Which speaker is an
  Englishman and which one is an American? Why?

 - This is the street I live in.

 - We say “in the street”. And here’s the
    block of flats where I live. My flat’s
    on the third floor.

 - Yes, actually it is.

 - Lorries move very fast sometimes.
   Take care when crossing the street:
   first look right, then left. Oh, mind the
   dustbin on the pavement!

 - Did you say “in”? I would say “on”.

 - You mean the fourth floor of the
    apartment house?

 - I got used to the way you count
   storeys, but it’s much harder getting
   used to driving on the left side. I
   almost got run down by a truck
   yesterday.

- Is that what you call garbage cans?
   And the English call trucks lorries and
   sidewalks pavements – there’s so
   much to learn yet.

- Yes, there’s a fine chap next door, and
   I used his advice in decorating the flat.
   He was most helpful.

 - He is on holiday at the moment or I
   would introduce him to you.

 - Not yet. I’ll go on holiday in the
   autumn. I’m planning to go to the
   Bahamas.

 - No, it isn’t too expensive, if you buy a
   tour, not a milliard, certainly, much
   less. By the way, why don’t you drop
   you in tonight? We are going to have a
   party.

 - All right. One of the blokes will give
   you a lift, as your hotel is on his way.

 - Well, a bloke’s another word for a
   chap or guy. He’ll drive you here, to
   my place after the cinema.

 - Do you have nice neighbors?

 - He has a good taste, that guy.

 - Have you had your vacation already?

 - It must cost a billion going there in the fall.

 - I’m planning to be back at the hotel
   by six. I’m going to the movie theater.

 - What’s a bloke?

 - Oh, I see.

4.  Define which statements belong to an
American and to an Englishman.

1. Take care! The sidewalk is slippery
today.
2. A car passed me, but I didn’t want to ask for a lift.
3. I simply loved his flat. It’s on the second
floor in a modern block of flats.
4. He has an apartment downtown on one of
the quiet old streets there.
5. He asked me to drop around after the
movie, as he wanted me to meet some
    guys.
6. When she was taken ill, they had to ask
a chap they hardly knew for a lift to
    hospital.
7. There aren’t many trucks on the streets
in New York.

5. What would you say if you are - a) an Englishman.

   b) an American.

1. Ваш чемодан стоит на тротуаре.
2. Я живу на втором этаже многоэтажного
дома.
3. Могу я попросить вас довезти меня до
гостиницы?
4. Я хочу познакомить вас с одним парнем.
6. Осенью я поеду в Германию или во Францию
в отпуск.
7. Я встретил их в кинотеатре.

6. Look through the dialogues and act out
one of them.

LESSONS 17 – 19.
 FOOD.  DRESS.  MONEY.

AMERICAN  FOOD

Ø Has any country got national food?
Ø Can you say what American food is?

What is
American food? Hamburgers and hot dogs? Fried chicken and giant steaks? Well,
yes. But spaghetti and pizza are American too, and so sweet and sour pork. The
fact is that Americans eat every kind of food imaginable. There are, for
example, more than 1,000 Chinese restaurants in New York City alone.

1. What do you think the text is about?
Read and check your guesses.

AS AMERICAN AS APPLE PIE

At the same time, people in
the States still like to think of some kinds of food as especially American.
They like the idea of the American family sitting around the table eating
turkey at Thanksgiving. They like to think of “Mom” as the best cook in the
world, even if their own mother never did much cooking. “As American as apple
pie”, and “Like Mother makes it” are popular expressions.

The truth is,
though, that families in the US eat together less often than they used to.
Instead of meeting at the dinner table, families often meet in the kitchen,
around the refrigerator. There’s no time for old-fashioned cooking. Quick
snacks all through the day have taken its place. And to save trouble, people
eat wherever they like, in the streets, in front of the TV, or at their desks

An enormous fast-food
industry gives hungry Americans the snacks they want when they want them. Ice
cream, popcorn, and hot dogs are on sale everywhere. Best known, perhaps, is
the McDonald’s hamburger business.

But if more and
more Americans eat fast food, more and more Americans also worry about it. Fast
food makes you fat, and Americans are the fattest people in the world. They are
also the most interested in their health, and snack food is not healthy. The
fashion for health food is growing all the time. Among middle-class people,
salads, beans and fruit have taken the place of steak and ice cream. Drinking
is going down too. Only 67 per cent of adults drink alcohol at all, and
one-third of those drink less than they used to. Smart businesspeople order
mineral water, not wine, at their business lunches.

Being fat, in
fact, can cause real problems for an American. He or she will find it harder to
get a good job, or even to make friends. If you want to do well, you must be
thin. It doesn’t seem fair, does it? Advertisers and fast-food sellers scream
at people to eat, eat, eat. But inside, there is another voice saying “stop,
stop, stop.”

2. Look through the text once again and say
if the statements are true or
    false.

-
Families in the USA
eat together more often than they used to.
-
They meet around the
refrigerator more often than at the dinner table.
-
Quick snacks help
people to save their time.
-
Fast-food industry
doesn’t give Americans enough snacks to satisfy their wishes.
-
Fast food is
responsible for Americans to be fat.
-
Americans are not much
interested in their health.
-
Drinking is rather
popular in the USA.
-
Thirty-three per cent
of adults don’t drink alcohol at all.
-
Businesspeople order
fizzy-drink, not wine , at their business lunches.

3. Discuss the problem with your partner and share
your conclusion.

If you want to do well, you must be thin.

4. Do you know the history of the development of
McDonald’s hamburger
    business? Read the text and be ready to tell this
story to your mates.

THE STORY OF MCDONALD’S

1937
– The McDonald brothers, Dick and Mack, open a little drive-in restaurant in Pasadena,
 California. They serve hot dogs and milk shakes.

1945
– They have 20 waiters. All the teenagers in town eat hamburgers there.

1948
– They get paper boxes and bags for the hamburgers. They put the price down
from 30 cents to 15 cents. They cut the menu down from 25 things to only 9. There
are no more waiters – it is self-service. So it is cheaper and faster. And they
have windows all around the kitchen – so everyone can see it is clean. Parents
start bringing their children to the restaurant. Poor families eat at a
restaurant for the firs time.

1960s – The McDonald’s company opens hundreds of McDonald’s restaurants all
over the States.

1971
– They open restaurants in Japan, Germany and Australia.

NOW
… the McDonald’s company opens a new restaurant every 8 hours! There are
McDonald’s restaurants in over 70 countries.
McDonald’s restaurants serve almost exactly the same
food in every country. But in Italy they serve beer, in Norway
– the McLak (salmon burger) and in the Netherlands – the Groenteburger
(vegetarian).

5. Do you want to cook popcorn? If you
answer “yes”, this recipe is for you.

POPCORN – A FAVOURITE AMERICAN
SNACK

Heat 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil in a
deep, heavy pan.
Add 25
 grams of dried kernels (maize). Cover with a lid and shake the pan.
The corn will start to “pop”.
Take the pan off the heat when all the corn
has popped.
Sprinkle with salt or sugar and serve.

6a. Answer the questions:

Ø Is barbecue cooked like shashlyk?
Ø Do you know how to prepare iced tea?
Ø Have you heard about bagels? Would you like to try
them?

   If you can’t answer immediately, read
the texts first and then try to answer
   again.

BARBECUE

         Barbecue is a method of cooking
using wood or hardwood charcoal. This method was used in the United
  States before gas and electricity were available. The origin of barbecue is
in the southern part of the United States, but now it is gaining popularity
throughout the whole country.

BAGELS

         Bagels are made from flour, water,
salt, yeast and a little bit of sugar. You can add any other ingredients you’d
like such as raisins or blueberries. Bagels are boiled and then baked in an
oven. The perfect bagel is crispy on the outside and chewy on the inside.
         Bagels are very good for you. They
are fat and cholesterol free. They are very high in carbohydrates, which give
you energy. You need carbohydrates if you play sports. But the best thing about
bagels is that they taste good!
         Bagels were brought to the United
 States by Jewish immigrants and were eaten mainly in Manhattan, New
  York. But when the Jewish immigrants began moving to other parts of the United States, they took the bagel with them. Now the bagel is very popular among Americans
all over the country.

ICED TEA

        Iced tea was made in St.Louis, Missouri, for the first time in 1904.
Now it’s a very refreshing drink! To
prepare it you should:

Ø place two teaspoons of tea leaves per cup into hot
water;
Ø stir, strain and pour over ice cubes;
Ø serve with lemon slices and sugar.

6b. Read the following statements and say which of
them are true and which
    ones  are false.
a)
Bagels are made from
flour, milk, a lot of sugar and yeast.
b)
Bagels are baked in an
oven after they are boiled.
c)
The bagel is crispy on
the outside.
d)
Bagels are very fat.
e)
They are very high in
carbohydrates.
f)
Carbohydrates are
important for you to get energy.
g)
Bagels were brought to
the USA by Italian emigrants.
h)
First they were mainly
eaten in Bronx, New York City.
i)
Now the bagel is very
popular all over the United States.

6c. Correct the statements.

Ø The origin of barbecue is the state of New
  York.
Ø Barbecue is cooked in a hot oven.
Ø This method became popular in the USA
after gas cookers had appeared.
Ø Now barbecue is popular only in the southern states of
the country.

6d. Complete the sentences.

a)
Iced tea was made for
the first time in ….
b)
It was made in ….
c)
You should put … of tea
leaves per cup into hot water.
d)
Pour it over … to make
the tea cold.
e)
Iced tea is served with
….

7. Read the words and play “Ping-pong” game to
remember the words as well
    as  you can.

American English

British English

Russian

can
can-opener
candy
cookie
hamburger
potato chips
French fries
oatmeal
corn
check
to do the dishes

stove
faucet
sneakers
tuxedo
pants, trousers
underwear
undershirt
vest

tin
tin-opener
sweets
biscuit
minced beef
crisps
chips
porridge
maize
bill
to do the washing up / to wash up
cooker
tap
trainers / gymshoes
dinner jacket
trousers
pants
vest
waistcoat

консервная банка
консервный нож
конфеты
печенье
гамбургер (котлета)
чипсы
жареный картофель
овсяная каша
кукуруза
счет
мыть посуду

плита
кран
кроссовки
смокинг
брюки
трусы
майка
жилет

8. Listen to the dialogue and mind the differences in
American and British
    English. Define the speakers as an American or an
Englishman.
·
What are
the reasons of your choice?

- We are dining out tonight, Vic.

- Have you got a dinner jacket?

- Well, it’s the same thing. Have you got
   some dark trousers?

- With us pants are something we wear
  under trousers, not over the underwear.
   I think you can wear a waistcoat, too.

- You are sure to wear a vest under your
   shirt, but I’m speaking about
   something you wear over the shirt and
   under the jacket.

- I’ve just imagined you dressed in the
  things you named in your American
  English and attending the reception in
  a vest and pants!

- Yes, this may happen. I’ll give you
   just a few examples of the differences:
   potato chips are called crisps here.
   French fries are chips, instead of your
   favourite hamburgers you should ask
   for minced beef.

- Of course, I don’t. I’ll do it with
   pleasure. Let’s have snack now. The
  dinner won’t start before nine.

- There must be an opener in the drawer
  over there. I’m used to tinned food,
  being a bachelor. The thing I hate is
  washing-up.

- So, why marry? By the way, do you
   know who pays the bill tonight?

- No, his firm.

- What shall I wear?

- I don’t know what you mean. I’ve
   bought a tuxedo in the States. Will it
   do?

- Yes, I’ve got dark grey pants. Will
   they do?

- Do you mean a vest?

- Yes, it is a vest in American. Why are
   you laughing?

- Does the differences pertain to food,
  too? Will I be getting a milk shake
  instead of a whisky and soda?

- Okay, that will do. But I’ll consult you
   at dinner, if you don’t mind.

- Do you have a can-opener? I have
  some canned food here, which I’m sure
   you’ll like.

- In spite of being married, I have to do
  the dishes at home quite often.

- You mean the check? Is it
   Mr. Somerset?

9. Define which of the statements belong to an
American and to an
    Englishman.

1. I’d like a hamburger, please, and some French
  fries.
2. You aren’t going to wear a tuxedo, are you?
3. He’s going to wear a dinner jacket for the first
  time.
4. Will you do the dishes for me, darling?
5. I wonder who’s going to do the washing up.
6. Have you got a tin-opener?
7. Give me the check, please.
8. The young guy in grey pants is my son.

10. Say it using either American English or British
English.

1. Я хочу открыть эту консервную банку.
2. Дайте мне счет.
3. Я хотела бы конфет.
4. Он всегда моет посуду дома.
5. Не надевайте эти брюки. Они грязные.
6. Вы наденете жилетку?
7. Он не одет. На нем лишь майка и трусы.
8. Я бы съел жареной картошки.

11. Read the dialogue and say why Victor
dislikes his meal.

·
Victor
is Russian. He has been studying American English for some months , but now he
is in a London café.

Waiter: Hello! Can I help you? What
will you have?
Victor:  I’ll have chips and a large coke.
Waiter: Wait a minute. Here you are.
Victor:  But what is it? I don’t want French
fries. I’ve asked for
             chips.
Waiter: And what’s wrong? I’ve brought you your
chips,

haven’t I?
·
What
should Victor have asked for?
·
Does  the
waiter understand him? Why?

American Money
Money spent on the brain is never spent in
vain.
Proverb

Ø Translate these proverbs and try to find
their Russian equivalents.

The
best things in life are free.
A
penny saved is a penny earned.
Easy
come, easy go.
Value
time over money – only time cannot be replenished.

Ø Information for you:

$ 1.25 = a dollar twenty-five or one dollar and

twenty-five cents.
 $
1.50 = a dollar fifty or one dollar and fifty cents.

$ 1.75
= a dollar seventy-five or one dollar and

seventy-five cents
 $
2.00 = two dollars.
 $
2.25 = two twenty-five or two dollars and

twenty-five cents

Ø Are you a good mathematician? Can you answer
these questions?

1) How
many quarters equal a dollar?
2) How
many dimes equal a half dollar?
3) How
many nickels equal a quarter?
4) How
many nickels equal a dime?
5) How
many pennies equal a nickel?

Ø If you can’t answer these questions
immediately, read and memorize the following information and try once again.

Ø In this world square there are
six hidden words, all connected with money matters. The words are horizontal,
vertical or diagonal. Could you try to find them?

PENNY
NICKEL
DIME

QUARTER
HALF
  DOLLAR
DOLLAR
CENT

H

A

D

O

P

T

Q

S

X

A

N

I

C

K

E

L

C

J

L

A

M

E

Z

P

N

I

G

F

S

E

N

D

X

R

N

U

D

F

S

T

O

H

K

L

Y

O

B

V

M

L

Y

T

A

D

L

M

N

P

L

I

A

Q

I

L

A

Q

U

A

R

T

E

R

A

F

S

K

R

I

V

Z

U

R

W

R

T

S

J

K

N

V

Ø Label each coin and write its
value.

 A

B

C

D

E

F

UNIT  IV.  SPEAKING ENGLISH AND TALKING
AMERICAN.

LESSONS  20 – 21.  SO MANY COUNTRIES, SO MANY
CUSTOMS

1. Read the text and pay attention to the
divergences in American and British
    English.

             My name is Victor and I have
been studying American English for several months. Now I am in London
and I see it is not the same language. I can’t help reminding Mark Twain’s
words who once wrote, “English and American are separate languages. When
I speak my native tongue an Englishman can’t understand me at all”.

             The great writer was
definitely exaggerating. Everybody seemed to understand me when I spoke
American English, but I was unable to understand everything at first. That was
because of the differences in intonation and pronunciation. But I got used to
it very quickly. Of course, some words are different, too. Let me tell you in
British English what I did in London. I’ll give the corresponding American
words in brackets.
                 I had to fill in (fill out) some forms in which I was asked to write
my surname (family
name). I had to
write my date of birth like this: day / month / year (month / day / year). There was a queue (line) in front of the Immigration desk. Mr.
Brian Smith took me to a hotel in (on)
a small square in Central London. On the way we stopped at a filling station (gas station) to get some petrol (gas). The receptionist (front desk clerk) gave me the key to my room. I
didn’t have to use the lift (elevator)
as it was on the ground floor (first floor).
                  Brian lived in a block
of flats (apartment
house) not far
from my hotel. His flat (apartment)
was on the third (fourth) floor. He was sorry he
couldn’t give me more of his time as he wasn’t going on holiday (vacation) until the autumn (fall).
                  Next morning I took the
tube (subway) to Buckingham Palace
to see the Changing the Guard. On my walks in London I sometimes had to use a
subway (underpass) to cross a busy street.
                  Half a century later
another American wrote, ”The really surprising thing about the English of
England and that of the United States is not that they differ slightly, but
that their differences are slight as it is ”. I think He was right.

2.
Find British and American equivalents and arrange the words according to the
model.

Russian

British

American

заполнить (бланк)

fill in

fill out

        Очередь, на (площади, улице),
заправка (АЗС), бензин, администратор, лифт, первый этаж, многоквартирный дом,
квартира, четвертый этаж, отпуск, осень, метро, подземный переход.

3a. Discuss these questions:

·
Do you
think Victor will have problems in London if he uses American English? Why?
·
Will
American English prevent Londoners to understand what Victor will say?

3b.
Read the dialogue and check your guesses.

Victor
is talking to Brian about British English and American English.

Victor: Brian, I feel confused
sometimes. Which is British and

which is American?
Brian:  Don’t worry. It doesn’t
really matter very much.
Victor: But sometimes people don’t
understand me. And

yesterday I had a problem. I got the wrong floor.
Brian:  Did you really?
Victor: Yes, I got into the elevator…
Brian:  Into the lift…
Victor: Yes, into the lift. And I
pressed the button to the fifth floor.
Brian:  And you got out on the
American sixth?
Victor: Right. Then I remembered that
I was not in America.
Brian:  You should remember that
there’s also a ground floor in Britain.
Victor: And I also made a mistake
when I filled out the form.
Brian:  Filled in, you mean.
Victor: Oh, thanks, filled in. I
wrote my date of birth the American way.
Brian:  The month you were born in
first?
Victor: Exactly. It’s so difficult to
keep every small difference in mind.
Brian:  I think you really needn’t.
If somebody doesn’t understand you, he’ll ask

you about it.
Victor: Thank you, Brian. You’ve
helped me a lot.

I wonder if you would like to come to St.Petersburg for your vacation.

When are you going to have your holiday? In the fall?
Brian:   In autumn. Fall is American
again.
Victor: Well, when you come to
St.Petersburg, I’ll learn more British from you.

But we don’t have ground floors in Russia either!

3c.
Read and say if the statements are true or false.

a)
Yesterday
Victor got the wrong floor.
b)
He pressed
the button to the sixth floor.
c)
He made a
mistake when he filled out the form.
d)
He wrote
his date of birth the British way.
e)
Victor
wrote the month he was born the second.
f)
He wants to
learn more British English from Brian when he’ll come to St.Petersburg on
vacation.

3d.
Answer the questions:

Ø Why does Victor feel confused sometimes?
Ø How often does Brian have to correct
Victor’s using British English?
Ø What is so difficult for Victor?
Ø What does he thank Brian for?
Ø What is Victor going to do when Brian
comes to St.Petersburg?

3e.
Act the dialogue in parts.

LESSON
22.   DAILY
LIFE.

1.
Read and compare some more American and British words.

American

British

Russian

bathtub
grade
kindergarten
restroom
store
highway
mailman
mailbox
soccer

bath
form
infants’
  school
public
  toilet
shop
main
  road
postman
postbox
football

ванна
класс
детский
  сад
общественный
  туалет
магазин
  (любой)
шоссе
почтальон
почтовый
  ящик
футбол

2.
Use either American or British English.

What would you say?

       American                                                                                British

Where do you live?

My /квартира/ is on the /шестом/
floor.

My /квартира/ is on the /шестом/
 floor.

Do you use the elevator / lift?

Yes, I usually take the /лифт/.

No, I don’t usually take the /лифт/.

What grade /form are you in?

I’m in the seventh /классе/.

I’m in the sixth /классе/.

What did you attend when you were five
years old?

I attended the /детский сад/.

I attended the /детский сад/.

What do you usually have for breakfast?

I usually have /овсяную кашу/
for breakfast.

I usually have /овсяную кашу/ for
breakfast.

What do you like to eat?

I like to eat /конфеты/ and
 /печенье/.

I like to eat /конфеты/ and
/печенье/.

What is your favourite sport?

/футбол/ is my favorite sport.

/футбол/ is my favourite sport.

What do you put on going to play soccer
/football?

I put on my new /кроссовки/.

I put on my new /кроссовки/.

Where does your family go in summer?

Every summer my family goes
on /в отпуск/.

Every summer my family goes on
/в отпуск/.

Where do you find your letters and
packages?

Our /почтальон/ puts our /почту/
in our /почтовый ящик/.

Our /почтальон/ puts our /почту/ in
Our /почтовый ящик/.

Where do you often stop on your way to
the movies /cinema?

I often stop at the /магазин/ on my
Way to the /кинотеатр/

I often stop at the /магазин/ on my way to
  the /кинотеатр/.

Where do you drive going to the centre of
the city / downtown?

We drive along the /шоссе/ going
to the /центр города/.

We drive along /шоссе/ going to the /центр
  города/.

Where do you have to stop if you are
running out of petrol / gas?

We have to stop at the /АЗС/.

We have to stop at the /АЗС/.

Do you often use streetcars / trams a
lot?

No, we don’t have many /трамваи/;
We mainly use /автобусы/.

No, we don’t have many /трамваи/; we mainly
  use /автобусы/.

3. Prepare to interview an American or an Englishman.

UNIT V.   50 ESSENTIALS
TO KNOW ABOUT AMERICAN LIFESTYLE.

LESSONS 23 – 24.  IF YOU
ARE AT A LOSS WITH AMERICAN
                                   ENGLISH.

1. All the words below are about America
and American lifestyles. Look at
    them and try to understand which of
them deal with the following;

MONEY, PEOPLE, FOOD and MEALS,
BUILDINGS and CONSTRUCTIONS, TOWNS and CITIES, CLOTHES and ASCCESSORIES.

Asian
  buck   cookies   roller  coaster       penny   quarter   nachos   soda
  grace   s’mores   potluck   redvines   tennis  shoes   gated community
  Caucasian   geek Hispanic   dime   funnel   cake   elevator   backpack
  gas   nickel   patio   freeway   brunch   taco   guys   pants   cell  phone
  cotton  candy   restroom   French fries  be nuts   condo   downtown   strip
  carpool lane   cattle corn   mall

MONEY
$$$

PEOPLE

FOOD & MEALS

BUILDINGS & CONSTRUCTIONS

TOWNS & CITIES

CLOTHES & ACCESSORIES

Asian

dime

pants

strip

restroom

S’mores

All these words have been defined by an
American student. But he was in a hurry and made six mistakes. Read the
definitions and find the mistakes.

Ø Asian – any American of Asian origin
Ø Backpack – a rucksack that schoolchildren take to
school
Ø Bathroom (also restroom) – the same as toilet
Ø Brunch – a late weekend breakfast (breakfast +
lunch)
Ø Buck – a 25 cent coin
Ø Carpool lane – a road lane that can be taken by
vehicles with at least one

           passenger not to mention the driver)
Ø Cattle corn – mixed pop corn: sweet and salted
Ø Caucasian – any white person (Russians are
Caucasians too)
Ø Cell phone – a small phone you can take with you
wherever you go
Ø Cookies – flat thin dry cakes, sold in boxes or
packets. I love them in ice-
                       cream or frozen
yoghurts
Ø Condo (condominium or co-op) – an apartment
block, where each
                  apartment is owned by
the people living in it. We like houses more
                  actually.
Ø Cotton candy – a sweet cake with sugar powder.
Yummy-yummy!
Ø Dime – a 10 cent coin
Ø Downtown (LA, New York) – the center of the city
Ø Elevator – a small cabin that takes you upstairs
Ø Freeway – a toll-free highway (esp. in California)
Ø French fries – potato chips
Ø Funnel cake – it looks like cotton (or a cloud
sometimes) but it tastes like
                              candy. Yummy!
Ø Gas (gasoline) – special liquid your car
needs to make its engine work
Ø Gated community – a group of houses occupying
a gated and fenced
                                        territory. You  can’t go in unless
you are invited.
                                        Sorry!
Ø Geek – an uncool person (school slang)
Ø Grace (to say grace) -  most American families
do that before starting
                 dinner. It is like saying thank
you to God for the food given
Ø Guys – an informal way we address a group of
people in America (they can
                  be of any sex)
Ø Hispanic – a person of a Hispanic origin (they can
be of any race)

Ø Line – a line of people waiting. You‘ll have
to stand in line all the time
                 when you  are in the States. We
also say “wait in line”

Ø Mall – a huge shopping center with restaurants
and even cinemas

Ø Nachos – Mexican chips, often served with spicy
sauces
Ø Nickel – a 5 cent coin
Ø Nuts ( drive smb nuts, go nuts,to be nuts
about smth) – crazy

Ø Pants – you wear them on your legs (shorts are
small pants)
Ø Patio – an area behind a house (or a restaurant)
where you can sit and relax,
                  have a  arbecue or just talk
with your friends
Ø Penny – one cent
Ø Potluck (party) – a party to which every family
has to bring their own
                   special dish  share it with the
others
Ø Quarter – 1 dollar
Ø Redvines – long red candies with a strong flavor
Ø Roller coaster - a very cool attraction: a small
open-air carriage takes you
                              up and drops you down until you
feel sick
Ø S’mores – any shoes for sports or walking
Ø Soda – any fizzy drink or a bottle of any
fizzy drink
Ø Strip – like the Las Vegas strip, a long street
Ø Taco – a Mexican sandwich: you can have it
crusty or soft
Ø Tennis shoes – sweet sandwiches with marshmallows,
chocolate and
                              waffles

·
Now,
after you have done, correct the lists of words above.

2.
Well, you are lucky to know almost all the essentials now. Can you help this

British girl who can’t explain simple things to her American host family?

Find British words in her cues and change them for their American

equivalents.

1. I
must be in the wrong department. They told me I could
    buy
trainers here. But I  can’t see any trainers. Hallo!
    Can
anybody help me, please?

2. Do
you always have a barbecue in your back
    garden?...You
call it what! But it sounds Italian.

3. No,
don’t lift me! I just need a lift to get upstairs.

4.
Excuse me, how can I get to the city centre? What? How
    did
you know I’m British?

5.
That’s not a rucksack. A RUCKSACK! Don’t you understand?

6. Do
you happen to know his mobile number? I mean his phone number.

7.
“The Grove” is the biggest shopping centre in LA, isn’t it? Don’t laugh – we
     always
say “shopping centre” in Britain. What’s so funny?

8. Why
are we taking this motorway?.. What? Is anything wrong with my
     pronunciation?

9. How
much is your candy floss? No-no, not that thing. Read my lips – “candy
    floss”.

10.
I’ll take a tea and chocolate biscuits, if you don’t mind…

Chocolate biscuits?! What do they look like? Stupid question. Like

biscuits, of course.

11.
All right?! Where’s the nearest petrol station?.. Sorry? What do you call it?..

      Oh,
really?! Unbelievable!

12. I
told him to wear his best trousers and he didn’t know what to put on. He is so

dumb.
13.
Yes, the queue was too long really… Why? I wasn’t speaking about the letter

“Q”. I meant “the people waiting”.

14.
Excuse me, could you tell me where the toilet is?.. No, you didn’t get it. I am

not going to take a bath. I need a toilet.

15.
Hullo, John! Mary’s speaking. Where are you? I thought we were supposed to

meet on the ground floor. What do you mean there’s no ground floor in

  America?

LESSONS
25 – 26.  SPEAK  AMERICAN  ENGLISH

Go
back to the first exercise in LESSONS 22 - 23. Can you find an
adjective that looks like a plural noun? Write it down: __________
This
word is very popular in America. When you say it, you sound American. Here
some more adjectives you might hear quite often. Find the only
word you can use for answers (it can be a noun too).

cool
Oh!
My gosh! I love Spiderman. When we went to Venice Beach I saw Tony McGwair
there. You know, the actor that played Spiderman. He was coo1!
 Should we meet at 10 tomorrow? Is it OK?
Cool. I’ll be there.

sweet
And
then he kissed her. You know that romantic kind of kiss. Wasn’t it sweet?

neat
And with this flyer you’ll get a 50%
discount plus a gift from out store.
- Oh! Really! That’s neat! I’ll take the
flyer then.

sure
Can
you do that for me, please? – Sure. No sweat. I’ll do it tonight.

junk
I
hate all this junk food: you know, all these hamburgers, fries and stuff. They
are all so bad for your health.

·
What
would you say if you hear the following phrases? Use the words above. Sometimes
two variants are possible.

1. A family member at the dinner
table:
-
Could you pass me the salt, please?
You: _________. Here you are.

2. Your host dad in the
morning:
- Pack
up! I’ll give you a lift. You won’t be late for school and you’ll have time to
   buy
a notebook before the classes start.
You: That’s _____. Thanks a lot.

3. Your host mom:
- We
are going to the Browns for a pool party. They have a big pool and a Jacuzzi.
You: ______! I love swimming.

4. A passer-by stops you, gives you
your wallet and says:
-
Excuse me, I guess you dropped it just now? Is this yours?
You: Oh! It must have fallen out
of my pocket. How careless of me! Thank you

very much. That’s so _____.

5. Your host family’s
neighbor:
- Do
you know why they always leave their Chevrolet outside? It’s not very safe, is
   it?
You: Well, it’s certainly not. But
the garage is full of ______. So there’s just no

space for a car.

4.
Try to make an order in Taco Bell, a chain fast food restaurant. Use the hints
below: the first (and sometimes the last) letters of the words are given. Go
back to the list of words if you need help.

Waiter: Hi, g…s. How are you doing?
You:     Great. Thanks. Now, can I
have two chicken t…s

with chili and tomatoes?
Waiter: Would you like them s… or c…?
You:      C…, please. And add some
salted n…s with salsa. I

  love them.
Waiter: Okey-dokey. How about your
drinks?
You:      I’ll take an extra large
s…. Decaf, please.
Waiter: No problem. Here is your cup
and you can have as many refills as you

want.
You:    That’s neat. Thanks.
Waiter: Any desserts? We have ice
cream, frozen yoghurts with and without c…s.
You:     A strawberry yoghurt. And
hold the c…s.
Waiter: That’s 4.24, please.
You:     Oops, I have got 5 b…s
only. Anyway, that’s enough. Here you are.
Waiter: Thank you. Here is your
change: two q…s, one d… and a p….
You:     Keep the change.
Waiter: Thanks a lot. Here or to go?
You:     Sorry? I don’t quite
understand.
Waiter: Are you eating in or taking
the food outside?
You:     Oh, I think we’ll sit in
the p…. Is this OK?
Waiter: Sure. Here is your order.
Enjoy your meal!

·
Can
you guess what the following words mean: salsa, decaf, refills?
·
Now
be a waiter for a moment and take n order from your partner.

You: Hello! How are you doing?
Your partner: …

LESSON
27 – 28.  A
RUSSIAN  STUDENT  IN A  HOST  FAMILY.

·
Would
you like to stay with a host American family?

1.
Read what Russian student who’s been staying with an American family has to say
about her experience. What do you think she liked best of all? What were the
things she didn’t like?

Did I like staying with an American family? I think it was neat.

I got very nice guys: my host mom was Asian and my host dad was Hispanic but
they both spoke very good English. They owned a house in a very nice gated
community: the security guard was always on duty, so it was safe and clean
there all the time.

This is how it all went.

Every day they’d wake me up at seven and we’d make my bag lunch: you know
cookies, sandwiches, sodas and the stuff. Then they’d take me to the teaching
centre. I liked taking a freeway, because of the carpool lane where you can
drive faster (so you save on gas). But my host dad preferred slow driving down
boring side-streets. Well, anyway, I was never late for the classes.

The classes were fun, very different from anything we have in Russia.
We would sit on the floor, play games, call the teacher by his first name. Our
teacher’s name was Robert. Once he even took us to the nearest park where we
could buy cattle corn and cotton candies or hot dogs and French fries. So we
were all sitting on the grass, eating, talking about life and stuff like that.
That was really cool!

After the classes the teachers would organize some fun activities, like going
downtown to see the latest movies or barbecues with s’mores. I didn’t like
s’mores much and all the other guys thought I was a geek. Well, I reckon it’s
just fun making them. But eating?.. No, thanks. That’s not my cup of tea. Too
sweet.

The other day we went to “The Magic Mountain”, that’s a huge amusement part
with roller coasters and the stuff. Holy Macro! That was something. I went nuts
about all the riders. Especially the ones with loops. There was also “The
Elevator of Horror” with ghosts and all the spooky things. And it shoots you to
the twelfth floor so fast that you can’t feel anything but horror. I liked that
even better than the rides.

There were some weird things about staying with a family. You know,  like
saying grace before every meal or potluck parties. We had a potluck on July 4.
My family made a salad and we went to the Brown, the family living next door.
There were lots of other people but there was nothing to do. People were just
going around, trying all the different food and talking with each other. Isn’t
that just boring? Anyway, I made friends with some American kids and we went to
the movies. We dropped into one or two stores on our way and got all the
yummies: redvines, funnel cakes and ice-cream. We actually ran out of money,
but one of the guys had a visa card, so we got some cash from the nearest ATM.
So when we got to the movie theatre we also bought an extra large popcorn and
lots and lots of coke. Well, the next morning I had indigestion and didn’t go
to school. Pity!

Anyway, that was my best vacation ever. I got the best host family one can
imagine. We appeared to share a lot of interests, so it was fun staying with
them.

2.
Now cover the text with a sheet of paper and try to remember what the

Russian student said about the following:

Her host family
Downtown
Yummies
S’mores
Carpool lane

Gated community
Potluck party
“The Elevator of Horror”
Going to movies

3.
If you had a chance to go to America and stay with an American family,

what would you write in your introductory letter? Discuss it with your

teacher or your partner. Then try to write a short letter to an American

family to tell them about:

ü Yourself, your country, the area you live
in;
ü Why you would like to go to the States;
ü Places you’d like to visit or see there;
ü Food or drinks you’d like to try;
ü Activities you’d prefer to do with your
host family;
ü People you’d like to meet or see;
ü Gifts and souvenirs you want to buy for
your family and friends.
ü See the first exercise in LESSON 19
to pick up more words for your letter.

·
Don’t
forget to start and finish your letter appropriately:
Dear Host Family,
…………………………..
…………………………..
Yours,
……………..

LESSONS 29 – 30.  FOR  FUN  AND  PROFIT.

1. LET’S HAVE FUN!
    Below there are descriptions of some
words. Read them and then write the words in the crossword puzzle.

1

2

5

7

3

4

6

8

1. A car to carry heavy things (Am.)
2. A young man (Am.)
3. A place for children under six
  to
    attend
  (Am.)
4. A point of trains’ departures
  and

  Arrivals (Am.)
5.
  Taking some thing (a TV set, a fridge,

  etc.) to use during a limited period

  (Br.)
6.
  The same as in point 5 but in America
7. A damage of a tire (Br.)
8 A place where you live in (Br.)

2. FIND A WORD
    Find the individual words. Write them
opposite their Russian
    equivalents.

American

British

1.
  плита
2.
  квартира
3.
  центр
  города
4.
  прокол
  (шины)
5.
  метро

6.
  автобус
7.
  ж/д путь
8.
  телеграмма
9.
  бензин
10.консервы

Am.:
JAPARTMENTOSTOVESUBWAYARFLATICDOWNTOWN
Br.:   RAILWAYETINOBCOACHMPETROLEATELEGRAMME

3. AN ODD WORD

    Read words in these lists. Which words
are wrong in the lists?

Example: tram, bus, coach, streetcar,
underground                streetcar (Am.)
                 Bicycle, plane, taxi,
train, lorry, car                       plane

1. sidewalk, pavement, underpass,
railroad, highway
2. tin-opener, sweets, biscuits, chips,
crisps,
3. vest, trousers, purse, waistcoat,
tuxedo
4. block of flats, flat, lift, chemist’s,
toilet
5. queue, gas, filling station, petrol,
lorry
6. oatmeal, tin, French fries, minced
beef, porridge

4. THREE OF A KIND

    Here are three lists of words. Put
three words of the same kind on one
    Line.

Example: sweet    -    biscuit    -    hamburger

a)
  tuxedo

  bus

  railroad

  wire

  gas

  cinema

  faucet

  connect

  soccer

b)
  sneakers

  ring up

  cooker
     store

  hire

  mailman

  station

  coach

  trousers

c)
  letter-box

  filling station

  drugstore

  can-opener

  call collect

  football

  pants

  streetcar

  underground

5. STEP  BY  STEP

    In this example “BOY” changes into
“MAN”.

BOY

BAY

MAY

MAN

·
  Only one
  letter changes each time.

Can
  you change “CAN” into “TIN”

  and “BUS” into “TAP” ?

CAN

TIN

BUS

TAP

6. CODES
    Your friend wrote a note to you in
code.
     It is an easy thing. In this code
one
letter=another letter.
             You answered your friend’s
note. You wrote a note in the same code.
             Here are these notes. (To
help you : the fourth
                                    word is “to”)

Your friend: EP  ZPV  XBOU  UP  HP  UP
UIF  NPWJFT?

You:  ZFT,  J’E MPWF UP HP UP UIF DJOFNB
UPEBZ.
          XIFSF  TIBMM   XF  NFFU?

Your friend answered your note. He wrote
it in the different code. This time numbers=letters.
9 / 20 / 8 / 9 /14 /11 / 23 / 5 / 19 / 8 /
1 / 12 / 12 / 13 / 5 / 5 / 20 / 1 / 20/
20 / 8 / 5 / 14 / 19 / 21 / 7 / 19 / 20 /
15 / 18 / 5 / 1 / 20 /19 / 9 / 24 /

? Which of you is an American and which one
is an Englishman?
·
If
you like this game try to use these codes for your own note.

7. EQUIVALENTS

    Read the descriptions and give your
answers using American and British
    English.

1. Pieces of potato sliced very thing and
fried with a lot of flavours: the most
    popular are cheese and onion, salt and
vinegar.

2. A place where trains depart and arrive.

3. A place where you can walk but mustn’t
drive.

4. Something we fill in our cars (they
can’t move without it).

5. A place where train can move but cars
can’t.

6. A young man.

7. A place we use to ring up when we are in
the street.

8. A place where they keep things people have
lost.

9. A place where we buy medicine.

10. A man who works in a hotel: he is the first
to welcome newcomers from other cities and countries.

Good luck in your further studying
English: American and British variants!

file_name: Элективный курс American English.doc

alt: Элективный курс по английскому языку

alt: CONTENTS UNIT TOPIC

alt: ЛИТЕРАТУРА: 1.

alt: English language in (BE) was changing rapidly, but in it was holding to its forms

alt: UNIT II. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

alt: D American English

alt: H American English

alt: Grammar is the skeleton of any language

alt: She can’t have got my message

alt: Will you be here at the weekend ? “ on the weekend/on weekends ”: -

alt: Can you read a pocket-book? 11)

alt: Scotch tapesellotape«скотч» (склеивающая лента) flashlighttorchэлектрический фонарик monkey wrenchspannerгаечный ключ wall plugmultiple outlet adapterштепсельная вилка, тройник garbagerubbishмусор garbage candustbinмусорный ящик cantinконсервы,

alt: консервная банка canned foods tinned foods консервированные фрукты can opener tin-opener открывалка pitcher jug графин skillet frying pan сковорода cook-book cookery book поваренная книга chop…

alt: fire department fire-brigade пожарная команда call phone звонить hang up ring off положить трубку, закончить разговор pants trousers штаны suspenders braces подтяжки (high) shoes boots…

alt: Ltd. company); go bankrupt (private individuals, partnerships)обанкротиться periodfull stopточка in parenthesisin bracketsв скобках billionmilliardмиллиард trillionbillionбиллион quintilliontrillionтриллион a quarter before (of) eighta quarter to eightбез четверти…

alt: ZIP codepost codeпочтовый индекс front deskreceptionстол администратора (гостиницы) desk clerkreceptionistдежурный администратор wiretelegrammeтелеграмма liquorspiritsспиртное mailboxletter-boxпочтовый ящик

alt: You mean the toilet? Go past the

alt: Here we are at the hotel. There’s (the)

alt: My relatives live in … of . 5

alt: Are we driving downtown? -

alt: Yes, there’s a fine chap next door, and

alt: LESSONS 17 – 19 . FOOD.

alt: Is barbecue cooked like shashlyk? Ø

alt: We are dining out tonight, Vic

alt: Say it using either American English or

alt: Information for you: $ 1

alt: H A D O

alt: Do you think Victor will have problems in if he uses

alt: He wants to learn more British

alt: My /квартира/ is on the / шестом / floor

alt: I often stop at the / магазин / on my

intro:
Курс «AMERICAN ENGLISH» предназначен учащимся 9 – 10-х классов. Он знакомит ребят с лексическими, грамматическими, морфологическими особенностями американского английского; различиями в правописании, своеобразием произношения и различием в значении некоторых слов.
Знакомство осуществляется в сравнении с британским вариантом английского языка, что способствует увеличению словарного запаса учащихся. При этом они имеют возможность расширения информационного поля за счет приобщения к истории, культуре, географии стран изучаемого языка и приобретения новых знаний о жизни народов в этих странах.Тип: Документ Microsoft Office Word97 - 2003
Размер: 2.30 МБ
Число страниц: 61

title: Элективный курс по английскому языку "American English"