extracted_text:
Lesson 15. Methods for
arranging, aligning and combining objects in CorelDRAW.
Objectives: Introduce
students to methods for organizing and combining objects in CorelDRAW.
Requirements for knowledge
and skills:
Students should know:
-
basic
concepts: ordering, alignment, grouping, combining, welding;
-
what
commands are used to change the order of the objects;
-
features
of operations of grouping, combining, welding;
-
the
purpose of the trim operation.
Students should be able to:
-
perform
ordering, mutual alignment of objects in the CorelDRAW program;
-
apply
grouping, combining and welding operations to objects;
-
exclude
some objects from others.
Didactic
software: PC,
presentation, vector graphics editor CorelDRAW.
Lesson
plan.

Setting the goals of the lesson.
Presentation of new material.
The practical part.
Consolidation of what has been
     learned.
Homework.

The course of the lesson.
I.
Setting the objectives of the lesson.

How can you change the order of
     objects?
How objects are aligned?
In what cases are grouping and
     combining operations used?
How is the grouping operation
     different from the combine operation?
Which objects can be conveniently
     created using the weld operation?
When is the trimming operation
     used?

II.
Presentation of new material.
Ordering objects
In CorelDRAW,
all objects are arranged in a specific order.
Ordering
objects - changing the
relative position of objects relative to each other.
Keep in mind
that the last drawn object is always placed in front of all previously created objects.
In Fig. 1, a, the objects are shown in the following order:
rectangle-background, ice floes, bear.

CorelDRAW
provides commands that you can use to change the order of objects. The command
Above all places the selected objects in front of others. This is how the ice
floe was displaced in Fig. 1, b. The command Below all has the opposite effect.
It sets the selected objects to the farthest (bottom). If you apply this
command to the objects that make up the bear, it will "hide" behind
the rectangle - the background. In addition, you can specify in front or behind
which object to place the selected object.
Aligning objects
Alignment - accurate placement of objects on the
worksheet and relative to each other.
An
object can be aligned to the center or to different sides of another object.
Figure 2 shows several possible alignment options for objects (relative to a
basketball backboard). In addition, any object can be easily positioned
precisely in the center of the worksheet.

Methods for combining objects
There are
three operations for combining multiple objects into one: grouping, combining,
and welding.
Groupinguses invisible paper clips to combine
objects. Objects remain independent from each other, they are only held
together (Fig. 3). A group is a single object, so any transformation is applied
immediately to all of its components. For example, the picture shown in Figure
4 consists of five objects. If these objects are not grouped, then before
moving or scaling this picture, you must select all five objects. After
grouping to select objects, just one click on any of them. Grouped objects are
easy to ungroup.

When combined,
the selected objects are merged into a new object that has a single outline and
a single fill. The last selected object determines the parameters of the
outline and fill (Fig. 3). Common parts of objects become transparent. For
example, if you combine two circles lying one on top of the other, you get a
ring, while grouping retains two opaque circles (Figure 5). Combined objects
can be separated, but they will not retain their original characteristics.

If you create an ellipse (Fig. 6, a),
many times rotate its copy by 20° (Figure 6, b), and then combine all the
resulting ellipses, then a new object will be created (Figure 6, c).

Weldingdoes not preserve the contours of
objects and removes all their parts that overlap each other (see Figure 3). The
last object selected defines the outline and fill for the welded group.
If we apply
this operation to the image of a bear (Fig. 7), then only its silhouette will
remain. The point is that welding removes all lines within the drawing, leaving
only the outline around the perimeter.
When using
handwritten fonts, defects are often visible at the boundaries of the
connection of letters. They also appear when the color of the outline and fill
of the letters are different (Fig. 8, a). The welding operation will help to
improve the appearance of the text (Fig. 8, b).

Let's look at
another example that demonstrates the use of the align, combine, and weld
operations. The key in Fig. 9, e is obtained as follows:
1)
created two ellipses
of different sizes;
2)
alignment of the
small ellipse in the center of the large one (Fig. 9, a);
3)
two ellipses are
combined to create a hole (Fig. 9, b);
4)
a rectangle is drawn
(Fig. 9, c);
5)
the welding
operation was applied to the rectangle and ellipse with a hole (Fig. 9, d),
i.e. a blank for the key was created;
6)
a closed polyline is
drawn (Fig. 9, e);
7)
the welding
operation was used for the key blank and broken line (Fig. 9, e).

The trim
operation excludes one object from another. As a result of applying this
operation to the circles and rectangles in Fig. 10, a and, for example, you can
create a flat image of the part (Fig. 10, b). In the future, we will learn how
to obtain volumetric images from flat images, and then the detail will take on
a more real form (Fig. 10, c).

If one object
fits completely inside another, then the trimming operation is identical to the
combining operation. Therefore, a hole inside the circle can be cut by both
combining and trimming.
So, let's draw
conclusions on this topic:
1.      Ordering objects - changing the relative
position of objects relative to each other.
2.      Alignment- accurate placement of objects on the
worksheet and relative to each other. An object can be aligned to the center or
to different sides of another object.
3.      When grouping, objects remain
independent of each other, they are only held together to apply some
transformation to all objects at once.
4.      The operation of combining creates a new
object from the selected objects, which has a single contour and one fill.
Common parts of objects become transparent.
5.      Weldingdoes not preserve the outlines of
objects and removes all their parts that overlap each other. The last object
selected defines the outline and fill for the welded group.
6.      The cropping operation is used to
exclude one object from another.

III. The
practical part.
Basic concepts
Theoretical
part.
In CorelDRAW, all
objects are arranged in a specific order.
Ordering objectsIs a change in the relative position of
objects relative to each other. Moreover, the last drawn object is always
placed in front of all previously created objects. To position the selected
object, use the Arrange command® Order ®
...(the operation is
selected from the list (Fig. 11) depending on how the object should be
positioned).
Alignment- accurate placement of objects on the
worksheet and relative to each other. An object can be selected in the center
or on different sides of another object. Alignment is performed using the
Arrange command® Align and distribute ®
Align and distribute ...
Methods
for combining objects...
There are three
operations for combining multiple objects into one: grouping, combining, and
welding.
When
grouping, objects remain independent of each other, they are only held together
(Fig. 12). If objects are grouped, then any transformations are applied
immediately to all of its components. Grouping of selected objects is performed
by the Arrange command® Group...
When
combined, the selected objects are merged into a new object that has a single
outline and a single fill (Fig. 13). The last object selected determines the
path and fill parameters. Common parts of objects become transparent. Combining
selected objects is performed using the Arrange command®
To combine...
Weldingdoes not preserve the outlines of
objects and removes all their parts that overlap each other (Fig. 14). The last
object selected defines the outline and fill for the welded group. Selected
objects are welded using the Arrange command® Formation ®
To combine...
Trim
operation used to
exclude one object from another.

Practical work 4.6. "methods for ordering and combining objects in the Coreldraw program
"
Objective: Learn to:
·
arrange objects;
·
perform mutual
alignment of objects;
·
use grouping,
combining and welding operations;
·
exclude some objects
from others.
The task. Create a drawing from three geometric
shapes. Change the order of the objects. Perform grouping, combining, welding
on the created objects. Create an image from ellipses. Apply a combine
operation to them. Create an image from two grouped objects: a ball and a
shield.Perform
mutual alignment of objects.
This
requires:
1)
Start CorelDRAW.
2)
Set the paper size
to A4 and landscape orientation.
Ordering objects
3)
Create a
picture as follows (Fig. 15):
4)
Reorder the objects by placing a
triangle by circle (Figure 16). This requires:
·
select a triangle;
·
execute command
Arrange® Order ® One level back.
5)     Change the order of the objects by
placing square in front (fig. 17). This
requires:
·
select a square;
·
execute command
Arrange® Order ® Bring to the front of the page.
6)
Return the objects
to their original order. This requires:
·
select all objects;
·
execute command
Arrange® Order ® Reverse the order.
7)    Create two more copies of the object
(fig. 15). Place them next to the original.
Combining
objects
8)    Perform the operation groupingobjects. This requires:
·
select the original
(fig. 15);
·
execute commandArrange®
Group...
Move the grouped object. The result is
shown in Fig. 17, a.
9)
Perform the
operation combiningobjects. This requires:
·
select a copy of the
object;
·
execute commandArrange®
To combine...
The
result is shown in Fig. 17, b.
10) Perform the operation weldingobjects. This requires:
·
select copy 2;
·
execute commandArrange®
Formation ® To combine...
The
result is shown in Fig. 17, c.

11)  Create an ellipse (fig. 18).
12)  Rotate its copy by 20 several times°(fig.
19). This requires:
·
select an ellipse;
·
execute commandArrange®
Transformations ® Turn;
·
in the windowTransformation set angle 20°;
·
push the button;
·
perform this
operation several times until the result is obtained.

13) Combine the resulting objects (ellipses), bringing them to
the form in Fig. 20. This requires:
·
select these objects
(ellipses);
·
execute commandArrange®
To combine...
14)  Following similar steps, create images
similar to Figs. 21, 22, 23.

Aligning objects
15) Insert a new page into your document. To do this, you need
to execute the Layout command® Insert page...
16) Create a drawing in the following form (Fig. 24),
consisting of two separately grouped objects (ball and shield).

17) Align the ball object vertically to the
top of the shield object, bringing it to the view in Figure 25. This requires:
·
highlight objects:
shield and ball;
·
execute command
Arrange® Align and distribute ® Align and distribute ...;
·
in the Align and
distribute dialog box (Fig. 26) in the Alignment tab, check the box in the
Align top (vertical alignment) line;
·
push
the button...
Note: The Alignment tab contains two rows of
check boxes - vertical and horizontal. The vertical row sets the vertical alignment
of the selected objects, the horizontal row sets the horizontal alignment.
18) Perform mutual alignment of objects, bringing them to the
form in Figs. 27, 28 and 29. Pay attention to the order of the objects.

19)  Save
the resulting document under any name in the original .cdr format.

IV.
Consolidation of the learned.
To consolidate
what was learned, you need to ask the children to answer the questions:
1.    How can you change the order of objects?

2.
How many objects in
Fig. 1 need to be selected before bringing the ice floe to the front?
3.
What operation
should be applied in order to easily manipulate the bear image in Figure 1 as a
single object?
4.
How is the grouping
operation different from the combine operation?
5.
Which objects can be
conveniently created using the weld operation?
6.
When is the trimming
operation used?
7.    What operations can you use to cut a
hole, for example, in the center of a square?

V.
Homework.
Using
the skills you learned and various ways to arrange and group objects, create
the images in Figures 30 - 33.

alt: Methods for combining objects

alt: If you create an ellipse (Fig

alt: Welding does not preserve the contours of objects and removes all their parts that overlap each other (see

alt: III. The practical part. Basic concepts

alt: Create an ellipse (fig. 18). 2)

alt: Aligning objects 1) Insert a new page into your document

alt: IV. Consolidation of the learned

title: ict