extracted_text:
Система упражнений  для активизации
пассивного залога на уроках английского языка в средней школе.
Сатурченко Надежда Александровна, учитель английского
языка МАОУ «СОШ № 26»,                             г. Мирный, Республика Саха
(Якутия)
Содержание:

1. Образование Passive
     Voice
2. Случаи использования Passive
     Voice
3. Другие формы
     Passive Voice
4. Упражнения для активизации Passive Voice
5. Упражнения для парной работы
6. Список
     литературы

1. Предъявление материала: проекция ситуации на экран.
Ученики находят новое грамматическое явление в обозначенных номерами предложениях
и высказываются, почему, по их мнению,  оно было использовано. В случае
затруднения, указываю на структуру предложений в активном и пассивном залогах и
прошу их сравнить.
1)
My uncle painted this picture.  2) He has been offered a lot of money for it. 3) The painting will be delivered tomorrow.  4) When they give him the money, he will tell them the truth.              5) The picture was painted one night while he was
sleepwalking!

Предполагаемый
ответ: Новое грамматическое явление есть в предложениях
2,3, 5.  В этих предложениях не указывается  человек или предмет, совершивший
действие.

Это грамматическое
явление называется Пассивный залог, в русском языке страдательный. Для начала,
разберем понятие « активный», в русском языке действительный залог. Активный – это
выполняющий работу, действия, энергичный, деятельный объект.
Например:
1)
Мэр открыл выставку.
 - The mayor opened the exhibition.
2)      Мама подарила сыну новую игрушку.
– Mother has given her son a new toy.
3)      Они закончат эту работу завтра.
– They will finish this work tomorrow.
4)      Был
сильный ветер и сломал несколько деревьев на нашей улице. It
was stormy and the wind broke some trees in our street.

“Пассивный” – зависимый от людей и
обстоятельств, испытывающий воздействие, «страдающий» от этого действия.
Например:
1)
Во
время пожара все документы были утеряны.
2)
Эта работа будет закончена к вечеру.
3)
Выставку уже открыли?
4)
Что вам подарили на день
рождения в прошлом году?

Passive voice in English

  Tense

Formula

Examples

Simple

Continuous

Perfect

Present

S +
  am/is/are + V3
S + am
  not / isn’t/ aren’t + V3
Am/is/are
  + S + V3?

S +
  am/is/are + being + V3
S +
  am/is/are not + being + V3
Am/is/are
  + S + being + V3?

S +
  have/has been + V3
S +
  have/has not been + V3
Have/has
  + S + been + V3?

The
  house is built /is being built /has been built.
The
  house isn’t built /isn’t being built /hasn’t been built.
Is the
  house built /is it being built /has it been built?

Past

S +
  was/were + V3
S + was
  not / were not + V3
Was/were
  + S + V3?

S +
  was/were + being + V3
S +
  was/were not + being + V3
Was/were
  + S + being + V3?

S + had
  been + V3
S + had
  not been + V3
Had + S
  + been + V3?

The
  house was built / was being built / has been
  built.                                   The house wasn’t built / wasn’t
  being built / hasn’t been built.
Was the
  house built / was it being built / has it been built?

Future

S + will
  be + V3
S + will not be + V3
Will + S
  + be + V3?

S + will
  have been + V3
S + will
  not have been + V3
Will + S
  + have been + V3?

The
  house will be built / -------- / will have been built.
The
  house won’ be built / -------- / won’t have been built.
Will the
  house be built / -------- / will it have been built?

1.
На русский язык переводится:
•      Возвратным
глаголом на – сь, -ся.
•      The
experiments are made every day. – Опыты проводятся каждый день.
•      Глаголом
связкой “быть” и кратким причастием.
•      The
experiment was made yesterday. – Опыт был проведен вчера.
•      Неопределенно
- личным предложением.
•      She
was spoken of at the meeting. – О ней говорили на собрании.
2.
We use
Passive Voice:
1.
When the
person/people doing the action is/are unknown, unimportant or obvious from
the context.
2.
When the action
itself is more important than the person/people doing it, as in news
headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, advertisements, instructions,
processes, etc.
3.
When we want
to avoid taking responsibility for an action or when we refer to an
unpleasant event and we do not want to say who or what is to blame.
4.
To emphasize
the agent.
5.
To make
statements more formal or polite.
3.
Some
verbs:
Hear,
help, make, see are followed by infinitive with
“to”. e.g.  I was made to lie.
      Hear,
see, watch can be followed by Participle I (Ving) in the Active and Passive
Voices.

We
saw her stealing. – She was seen stealing.

4.
BY
is used
to say who or what carries out an action.
The
cake was cooked by my Granny.

 WITH
is used to say which instrument/ material/ ingredient the agent
uses.                                                           The
bread was cut with a knife.

5.      The
verbs which take personal object can form passive construction of the following
pattern:

is
smb                 was
smth
  will be

sent
  for
spoken
  about
laughed
  at

The film was much spoken about.

The doctor was sent for.
6.      Mind
the place of the preposition in Russian and English

Russian

English

Над ним часто
  смеются.
О нём много
  говорили.

He is often laugh at
He was much spoken about

1.      to
agree to/with//on/upon   - соглашаться с чем-то
2.
to arrive at an agreement/a compromise  -
прийти к соглашению / к компромиссу
3.
to arrive at a conclusion/ a decision   -
прийти к заключению / к решению
4.
to call for, on                           -
зайти за
5.      to
count on
- надеяться, рассчитывать на кого-то
6.
to deal with                              -
иметь дело с
7.
to hear of
- слышать о
8.
to insist on/upon                      -
настаивать на
9.
to interfere with                       -
вмешиваться в, мешать
10.  to
laugh at                                - смеяться над
11.  to
look after                             - ухаживать за
12.  to
look at                                 - смотреть на
13.  to
put up with                          - примириться с
14.  to
refer to                                 - ссылаться на
15.  to
rely on/upon                        - полагаться на
16.  to
send for                               - посылать за
17.  to
speak about/of, to                - говорить о/с
18.  to
talk about                            - говорить о
19.  to
think of                                - думать о
20.  to
write about                          - писать о
21.  to
find fault with                     - придираться к
22.  to
make fun of                         - насмехаться над
23.  to
pay attention to                    - обращать внимание на
24.  to
take care of                          - заботиться о
25.
to comment on                         -
комментировать
26.
to listen to
- слушать
27.
to look for
- искать
28.
to operate on                            -
оперировать
29.
to provide for                           -
снабжать
30.
to lose sight of                         -
потерять из виду
31.
to make fool of                        -
дурачить
32.
to make use of                         -
использовать
33.
to put an end to                        -
положить конец
34.
to take (no) notice of               -
(не) замечать

7.
Modal verbs

Must / Have to
Can
  / Could / May / Might
Need

Shall
  / Should
Ought
  to
Will / Would

+ be + Ved, V3
  Present and Future Tenses

+
  have been + Ved, V3
   Past Tense

8.      Double object verbs
When we have verbs that
take two objects like, for example, give somebody something, we can convert the active
sentence into a passive one in two ways:

a. Nelly gave me (indirect object) this book (direct object).
        I was given this book by Nelly.
b. This book was
given to me by Nelly.

Some of the verbs that
take two objects are: give, tell, send, show, bring, write, offer, pay, etc.
When the indirect object
is alone after the verb in the passive voice sentence, it needs the preposition
 to.
 e.g.  This book was given to me
by Nelly.

9. Only the verb which takes on object
can go into the passive. Intransitive verbs can’t be used in
the Passive voice. They are: to appear, to
arrive,
to
be, to become, to belong, to come, to consist, to deny, to envy, to
fit, to
forbid, to forgive, to fly, to go, to
have, to lack, to last, to order, to pay, to
possess, to promise, to
refuse, to resemble, to seem, to suit.
·      The
hall holds 500 people.
·      They
have a nice house.
·      My
shoes don’t fit me.
·      A
lesson lasts 45 minutes.

10. There are
sentences in the active having a passive meaning.
·      This
shirt irons well.
·      Your
book reads well.
·      The
walls need whitewashing.
·      The
door closed and there was silence in the room.

4. EXERCISES
I. Turn the following sentences from Active to Passive. Keep
the same tense in each case.

Present
Simple Tense

1. The
girl rings the bell.
2. Everybody
forgets that.
3. The
teacher corrects our exercises.
4. Mr.
Green controls a big business.
5. The
wind blows the clouds away.
6. Does
the wind blow the clouds away?
7. Does
the girl ring the bell?

  Present
Continuous Tense

1. Mary
is cooking the dinner.
2. Mr.
Flint is teaching the class.
3. The
soldiers are defending the city.
4. They
are examining a new student now.
5. They
are sending Mr. Brown abroad.
6. They
are moving troops to the battle area.

Present
Perfect Tense

1. Somebody
has broken the window.
2. The
cat has caught a mouse.
3. Somebody
has left the electric light on.
4. Most
people have heard this story.
5. Has
the cat caught a mouse?
6. Have
the students finished the exercises?

Past
Continuous Tense

1. The
waiters were serving the dinner.
2. The
wind was blowing the clouds away.

Past
Perfect Tense

1. The
shot had frightened the birds.
2. Lightning
had struck the house.

Future
Simple
1. The
postman will deliver the letters.
2. Will
the postman deliver the letters?
3. I
will finish the work tomorrow.

4. We
will spend the money.
5. Will
they spend the money?
6. People
will forget it after some week.

II. Rewrite
these sentences in the passive voice.

1. Someone
built this house 200 years ago.
2. A thief
stole my purse.
3. The police
will arrest the robbers.
d. They produce cars in
this factory.
4. They serve
breakfast at eight o’clock.
5. People
throw away tones of rubbish daily.
6. They make
coffee in Brazil.
7. Someone
stole Jim’s bike lat night.
8. They will
build a new bridge next year.
9. Someone
found my wallet.
10. One of the
students broke the window.
11. They will
deliver my computer on Monday.
12. Mary
invited Paul to her birthday party.
13. British
astronomers discovered a new planet.

 III. Form the
questions.

a. Paper is made from
wood.
 Is paper
made from wood ?
1. The
telephone was invented by Mr Bell.
2. This
picture was painted by Peter.
3. The
thieves will be arrested by the police.
4. Champagne
is made in France.
5. The
letters will be sent next week.
6. The
animals are fed three times a day.
7. This
article was written by Stanley.
8. CDs are
made of plastic.
9. The party
was organised by Paul.

IV. Turn from Active to Passive in two ways.

1. He gave me
a present.
2. The waiter
will bring us the bill.
3. Her mother
bought Mary some sweets.
4. Bob has
sold Ted a second-hand car.
5. Larry is
going to send a letter to Tom.
6. The
secretary has given Mrs Jones the letters.
7. The parents had already
given him a ticket.
8. John gave
Elizabeth that beautiful ring.
9. Her
students have sent her flowers.
10. We teach
our students English and French.
11. They
showed the tourists the city sights.
12. They pay her
an excellent salary.

V. Transform
the following sentences using the passive constructions with the verbs followed
by prepositions.

Model: They often laugh at him.   He
is often laughed at.
1.
People speak much of him.

They will look after the
     children well.
Students often refer to these
     books.
If they send for you don’t
     refuse to come.
I wonder whether they will
     listen to him.

6.      We
looked through all advertisements very attentively
7.       You
can rely upon your guide’s experience.
8.      He was
very glad that nobody took notice of his late arrival.
9.      The
audience listened to the speaker with great attention.
10.  His friend always
found fault with him.
11.  They agreed upon
the plan.
12.  People often ask
for this book.
13.  My friend always
takes care of my little sister.
14.  They took no
notice of his words.
15.  They will not
arrive at an agreement.
16.  You can depend on
her.
17. Many
facts accounted for the rise in the price of tin.

      18. They may object to your plan.

      19. They must comment on this event.

      20. You should refer to this
quotation more often.
      21. We must listen to your teacher
very attentively.
      22. You must not interfere with
them.
      23. She should not insist on it.

VI.
Выбери предлог ”by”
или “with”:

His novels are read
     … millions.
The teacher corrects
     mistakes … red ink
The snake was killed
     … a stone.
The soup is eaten …
     a spoon.
The ground is dug …
     a spade.
The ground  is dug …
     boys.

5.
COMMUNICATION
ACTIVITIES
Ex.
1. Who by? Group work. Match the two columns. Then make a
sentence for each, using the passive. Look at the example first.

Example:
I think penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
1.
Guernica[gȝ:nikə]                         a)
Margaret Mitchell
2.
Radium                                        b) Picasso
3.
Penicillin                                      c) Agatha Christie
4.
Rashomon                                     d) Steve Jobs
5.
Light bulbs                                   e) Madonna
6.
Gone with the Wind                       f) Alexander Fleming
7.
Walkman Stereo                           g) Walt Disney
8.
Mickey Mouse                              h) Sony
9.
Material Girl                                 i) Marie Curie
10.
War and Peace                            j) Akira Kurosawa
11.
Murder on the Orient Express      k) Leo Tolstoy
12. iPhone, iPad                                   l)
Thomas Edison
KEY:
1.     Guernica                                  b)
Picasso
2.     Radium
                                    i)
Marie Curie
3.     Penicillin
f)
Alexander Fleming
4.     Rashomon
    j) Akira Kurosawa
5.     Light
bulbs                               l) Thomas Edison
6.     Gone
with the Wind                  a) Margaret
Mitchell
7.     Walkman
Stereo                       h)
Sony
8.     Mickey
Mouse                          g)
Walt Disney
9.     Material
Girl                            e)
Madonna
10. War
and Peace                         k) Leo Tolstoy
11. Murder
on the Orient Express  c) Agatha Christie
12. iPhone,
iPad                              d) Steve Jobs
Ex.2. Divide the
cards vertically (12 pcs) between 2 students. They ask questions in turn and
answer

Ex.3.
Define it. Guess an object, use prompts to describe it to your partner who
should solve it.

Ex.4.

Ex.5.  Игра
Seabattle. Нарисуйте
свои корабли так, чтобы их не видел соперник (3 трех палубных, 4 двухпалубных и
5 однопалубных) Впишите в клеточки правильные грамматические формы,
соответствующие обстоятельству времени в данной строке, и сыграйте в морской бой,
называя правильную форму глагола. Если вы угадали, вы продолжаете играть, если
вы промазали или назвали неправильную форму глагола, ход переходит другому
игроку. Делайте комментарии к игре на английском языке!
Слова: hit- попал, destroyed
- уничтожил, missed
- промазал, wrong form
– неверная форма

6.
CПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. Александр Пташкин. - Грамматика английского языка. Страдательный
залог. Порядок слов. Фразеологические глаголы.
2. Виноградова Т.В., Яковлева Н.В., Егорова Е.Н.- МГУ
СБ. Сборник грамматических упражнений для студентов 1 курса факультета МЭО.
3. Эккерсли К.Э.— Живая грамматика английского языка.
4. Карлова Е.Л.
- Grammar Games, Naval Battle, ООО
«Феникс»,
2014
5. Anna Southern & Adrian Wallwork –
Timesaver. Mind Twisters.
Puzzles and
Games
6. Проект  Источник - Школа английского языка Skyeng:
https://skyeng.ru/articles/chto-vy-ne-znali-o-passivnom-zaloge-v-anglijskom-yazyke/

file_name: Сатурченко Н.А. Passive Voice.docx

alt: Passive voice in English

alt: На русский язык переводится: •

alt: Modal verbs Must / Have to

alt: D ouble object verbs When we have verbs that take two objects like, for example, give somebody something, we can convert the active sentence into…

alt: VI . Выбери предлог ” by ” или “ with ”:

alt: Ex .4. Ex .5. Игра Seabattle

alt: C ПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 1. Александр

alt: Карлова Е . Л . - Grammar Games,

intro: Данная работа рекомендована обучающимся с 8 по 11 классы в средней школе. Предлагается последовательная работа над данным грамматическим материалом, начиная с введения темы об образовании страдательного залога, о случаях его употребления, формах залога и упражнения для активации и упражнения для парной работы

tags: Пассивный залог

tags: образование залога

tags: практика в речи.