extracted_text:
О. В.
Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ Тестовыезадания
эа;ханИЯ
оеаниеумении и      качесхе
ВЕ РТ И КАЛ Ь ррофа
О. В.
Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ Тестовыезадания

В Е РТ И К АЛ Ь
МОСКВА

дг Грофа

2015
удк
373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ-922
А94
Условные знаки:
—
предлагаемое задание имеет формат ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен);
личностные качества; метапредметные
результаты.
Афанасьева, О. В.
А94
Английский язык. 7 класс : рабочая тетрадь / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева,
К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2015. — 160 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English).
ISBN
978-5-358-14677-8
Рабочая тетрадь является составной частью УМК по английскому языку для 7
класса серии «Rainbow English» и соответствует ФГОС основного общего
образования. Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы учащихся в школе
и дома и содержит задания для повторения и закрепления изученного по учебнику
материала.
Специальными значками отмечены задания, направленные на формирование
метапредметных умений и личностных качеств учащихся. удк 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.2Англ-922

Серия «Rainbow English»
Учебное издание

Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна,
Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК
7 класс
Рабочая тетрадь
Зав. редакцией Е. Ю. Шмакова. Редактор И. П. Гончарова
Художественный
редактор Л. П. Копачева. Художественное оформление О. М. Войтенко Технический
редактор Е. Ю. Кваскова. Компьютерная верстка Н. В. Троицкая Корректор Г. Н.
Кузьмина
Сертификат
соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16602.
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Contents

          Unit               Schools
and Schooling

          Listening.

4

          Reading

6

          Speaking

10

IV. Use of English.

12

3

V. Writing ..

25

VI. Just
  for Fun .
Unit             The Language of
  the World

26

l. Listening. .

29

Il. Reading

30

        . Speaking

37

IV. Use of English.

39

V. Writing

58

VI. Just for Fun

60

Unit  Some Facts about the English-Speaking World

61
62

66 IV. Use of English.      68

V. Writing ..

79

VI. Just for Fun .

82

Unit            Living Things
  Around

Us

l. Listening. .
       Reading
        Speaking
IV. Use of English. . V. Writing .
VI. Just for Fun ..
Unit                 The ABC of
l. Listening. .
       Reading
Ill. Speaking
IV.
  Use of English
  .
V.
  Writing
VI.
  Just for Fun

Ecology

83
84
88
90
108
110
1 1 1
112
116
119
131
133

Unit              Living Healthy

l. Listening. .

135

       Reading

137

      . Speaking

142

IV. Use of English

144

5

    V. Writing

158

VI. Just for Fun

159

.
Schools and Schooling
4
c
Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, (1), and
match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one statement you
don't have to use.
Statements
a)       The student says that his/her teacher
changed his/her attitude l to one of the school subjects.
b)      The student says his/her test results
were always worse than his/her knowledge.
c)       The student says his parents were
surprised at his/her marks in sciences.
d)      The student says his/her father and
mother liked their child's results in school subjects.
e)

The
student says he/she was fond of his/her fellow students as well as the
teachers.

1 attitude [ lætltju:d] — OTH01L1eHHe
                    Listen to the
text "School Uniform",                (2), and write answers to

these
questions.
1.      Do all schools in Britain have school
uniforms?
5
2.      Is the speaker for school uniforms or
against them?
c

3.      Why does the speaker say that a
uniform saves l time?

4.

What doesn't the speaker like
in school uniforms?
5.      Pupils in Britain usually have to
wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don't they?

6.      Why does the speaker think jeans are
the best thing for a school uniform?

7.      What uniforms in the speaker's view
are good for the summer?

1 to save [sew] — 3ð.: 3KOHOMHTb

8.
Who thinks vidual dress
6
c
Read
the words in
[baitDlacËi]
[tkemlstri]
[IdlkSnri]
[111tratSa]
['srzaz]
Read the words, check, @ (4).

that everybody has to form l
their own indisense2?

['forma]

['prarmari]

[,mæ9êtmætrks]
['finks]

['rnba]

[IstAdrz]

[llaudli]

['pelpa]

[ifeltitlp]

transcriptions, then listen and
check,           (3).
word combinations and sentences, then listen and

a)       age, backpack, chalk, examination,
science, foreign, geography, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil sharpener, pencil case, secondary,
subject
b)      a good education, my best schoolmate,
a primary school, a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a famous
college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of glue, a pair of scissors
c)       Yesterday we painted the walls of our
classroom. This school is the best place in the town to get secondary education. Joe doesn't know mathematics
very well. Physics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off
her coat and entered the classroom. We decided to talk our holidays plans over. Secondary education is free in
this country. He is interested in stamps and has a good collection of them. Are
only children different?
Read the paragraphs of the text (a—f) and put them in their logical
order.

a)
We parted at the
school gates, I joined my schoolmates and my father went off. Ours was just
a small village     school, with no rooms upstairs at all.
There were about sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went from
five to eleven. We had four classrooms and four teachers.
b)
The next
day was Thursday, and before we set out for the walk to my school that morning,
I went around behind the house and picked two apples from our tree, one for my
father and one for me.7 c) A teacher, called Captain [ I kæptln]
Lancaster, taught the nine- and ten-year-oldsc and my year too. He was an awful
man. (During the war against Hitler he was a captain in the army.) He told us
to call him Captain Lancaster instead of just mister. My father said it was an
idiotic thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those military titles.
Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and we were afraid of him.
d)

Miss Birdseye taught
the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person. Mr
Corrado took the sevenyear-olds. He was also a decent person. He was a very old
teacher, probably sixty or more, but that didn't stop him being in love with
Miss Birdseye. We knew he was in love with her because he always gave her the
bits of meat at lunch when it was his turn to do the serving. And when she
smiled at him, he would smile back in the most romantic way you can imagine.
e)
At eight o'clock
we started walking down the road to my school in the pale autumn sunshine,
eating our apples. I really loved those morning walks to school with my father.
We talked practically the whole time. Mostly it was he who talked and I who
listened, and just about everything he said was interesting. He was a true
countryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wildflowers and the
different grasses that grew in the fields. f) It is a most wonderful thing to
be able to go out and get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can do
this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is ripe but all the same how
many families are so lucky? Not one in a thousand, I guess.
               1.                                     2.                                   3.
             4.                               5.                             6.
Read the text and mark the sentences
after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
The
holidays were over. Dave,
Jenny
and Debbie met in the 8      schoolyard.
We've got school on c Monday. Yuck!
Jenny:
True. I can't believe that just a few days ago I was in the mountains in
Scotland. What about you, Dave? You were somewhere in the sun. Your face is
very brown. nave: Yes. I was in Greece with my parents. It was really hot
there.
Debbie:
Were you by the sea?
nave: Yes, we were. We stayed at a
hotel near the beach. What was it like?
nave: It was really nice and there
was a fantastic open swimming pool there. I can't tell you what I liked more swimming in the sea or in the
swimming pool.
Jenny: You must be joking, Dave.
Nothing can be better than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn't tell us anything about
your holidays. What were they like? Where were you?
I spent July with my grandparents in
the country- side. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins.
But we
returned in the middle of the month.
Jenny:
Why?
They go to school in Berlin and they had to be back there before the 18th
August.
School in August? Yuck.
Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel that I already miss
school, and classes and our teachers.
So do
I. By the way, we are going to have a new teacher, Miss Richardson.
Are we? What subject is she going to teach?
How
interesting! Is she young? Where is she from?
I
can't answer all your questions, guys. I don't know. But I'm sure on Monday
we'll find it out.
1.      Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in
Greece.
2.      Jenny enjoyed her holidays in
Scotland.
3.      Jenny thinks that swimming in the
pool is worse than swimming in the sea.

4. Debbie spent the summer with her
  parents.

9

5. Debbie's cousins are pupils of a school

c

in Germany.

6. The friends' new teacher will be at school on Monday.

Read the texts (1—4) and match them
with the titles (a—e). There is one title you don't have to use.
a)   Fashion and Climate        d) Angry
and Surprised
b)   Useful Advice         e) Positive
Changes
c)   Not Wanted
1.

After lunch the class received
the news about going to the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told
them we were going there the following Thursday together with their biology
teacher. Some of the pupils wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come.
I understood that this teacher wasn't their favourite.
2.
I soon understood
that our classes with the new teacher were quite different from Mr Florian's
lessons. Every day they were becoming more and more interesting. The lessons
were very informal, we could ask any question and discussed lots of problems
important for us. The new teacher gave us much more than the textbook
information.
3.
When I began my
teaching career, dad told me not to bring my pupils' works home. "It shows
your poor planning, son," he said. "You'll find soon that you're busy
every night. Teaching is like having a bank account. You should have new funds
or you are in difficulties. Every teacher should have a fund of ready
information and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discoveries, moving
around among people."
4.
One morning in our
geography lesson we discussed the type of dress people wore in different
climatic zones: Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, people
living in the south and their thin cotton or silk clothes. Larry said that many
people in the tropics put very little on and some of them just used a bit of
paint here and there.
                            1.                                       2.                                      3.
                       4.                                 Extra
10
c
Read
the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author. Why is
it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference between what teachers can do
and what pupils can do? What do you feel about it?

The
teachers all sit in the staffroom
The teachers all drink tea
The teachers talk to each other As cosy as can be.
We have to go out at playtime
Unless
we bring a note
Or it's
raining heavily
Or we
haven't got a coat. We have to do so many things.
Whether
we like it or not.
And
freeze to death if it's freezing.
And boil
to death if it's hot.
The
teachers can sit in the staffroom.
And have
a nice little chat.
We have to
do so many things; Where's the fairness 2 in that?
Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention:
e the age people start schooling;
•
the number of
school years pupils spend at school;
•
stages of
education;
•
if schooling is
private or state, if it is free;
•
subjects pupils
do at school;
•
school uniform; school exams.
10 Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner. On
Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone.
Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) What are you
do-
11 I'm
reading a really good book.
                                         What are you doing?                                            c
I'm phoning you.
Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2)
Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do you remember we
have to make a talk about my mountain animals in our biology class?
Good idea! (3)

                   (4)                     on Tuesday
after school?
Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the shopping on Tuesdays.
'Vracy:
What about Wednesday?
No, (5) I always go to the swimming pool after school on Wednesdays.
You can go there (6) We have our biology class on Thursday as far as I
know. Betty, I don't think you like my idea of doing the task together.
getty: I do. But I don't like to go
to the swimming pool on Saturday.
There are so many people there.
Look, why don't we meet tomorrow?

Tracy: OK. (7)At three o'clock. And you mustn't

be late.
Comment
on these proverbs.

Spell the words.

1.

[tsAt*1kt]

subject

9.

[Imju:zlk]

2.

[mrs'terk]

10.

[tedjulker§n]

3.

['prarmari]

11.

['kD11(Ë]

4.

[isalans]

12.

5.

['form] —

13.

['dole]

6.

['kemßtri]

14.

7.

['finks]

15.

[t3:ml

8.

16.

[hæpn]

 Learn to walk before you run. 12 Knowledge
is power.

c

- Use of English—

Write the names of these things.

13
          1. exercise
book

          10.                             11.                             12.

15
Complete the
sentences with the new words from the box.

backpack,
brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign, loudly, paints, paper, pencil case,
pencil sharpener, subjects, uniform

14

1. There are pens

and pencils of different colours in
  my

      pencil         case.
  2.

I must look this word up in the

c
                                    3. Bring                                           and
to
your art class. 4. I need some to write down your address. 5. I carry my exercise books, textbooks and
my daybook to school in
                            the                                                       6.
Grace is a very good student.
She always has good and excellent marks in all the

 7. Don't speak so we can hear you well. 8. The students' in this private
school is elegant. 9. How many  languages do you know? 10. All my are my good friends. 11. How much did
you pay for the ? It's really good. I used
it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time.
16
Match the names
of the subjects and their definitions.

1.

Biology

a) the study of numbers and shapes
  including algebra, ge-

2.

Art

ometry and arithmetic

3.

Mathematics

b) the subject that gives you ideas
  about composers and

4.

Physics

their works
c) a class in which you exer-

5.

Music

cise your body

6.

Literature

d) the science that deals with

                                                                        energy,       studies         light,

              1.                            2.                          3.

              4.                            5.                     6.
                 7.                                  8.                              9.
            10.                          11.
Write
how many times a week you have these subjects.

1. History

7. English

2. Biology

8. Mathematics

3. Music

9. Russian literature

4. Art

10. Computer studies

5. Russian

11. Physical Education

6. Physics

12. Geography

1. I have

History twice (two times) a week.

            2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
16
8.
c
9.
10.
11.
12.
18 Complete
the sentences using the word combinations from the box.
a) piece
of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land,
d) piece of
music, e) piece of cheese, f) piece of chalk,
g) piece of
butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work
1. Jane
is writing with a piece o€chalk on the black-
                                      board.               2.
May I have              one
? It is very sweet and tasty. 3. My parents bought
in the country. They are
8. I'll need a bigger  to make soup. 9. I would like a  on
my
porridge.
19 Use few or little to complete
these phrases.
17
1.
little cheese    9.     rubbers
2.
glue         10.    paper
3.
boots     11.   butter
4.
classes   12.   paints
5.
rulers     13.   brushes
6.
    juice 14.bread milk   15.    water
                          8.work                                   16.                  chalk

                     20 Use that or
those to complete these phrases.
1.
those boots      9.      pair of trousers
2.
mistakes    10.    slippers
3.
pair of shoes    11.          pair of stockings  trainers        12.  pair of mittens
5.
gloves        13.    jeans
6.
pair of socks    14.   pair
of specs
7.
scissors      15.spectacles
8.
pair of leggings       16.   pair
of shorts
 Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the
sentences.
1.
Mathematics
(was/were) was my favourite subject last year, now physics (is/are) 2. There
(was/were)
 my granny's spectacles on the book she was reading. 3. There (was/ were)
a pair of shoes in the hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) a very interesting
science. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The
18
uniforms (is/are) very traditional:
black skirts or c trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My jeans
(is/ are) a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are)

2.
Is Jane going
college school? 3. When are the classes on Friday? 4. I'm going to pay  the chocolate  dollars in the duty-free shop.
5. I'm
not sure these facts. 6. Something very unusual happened Mr Carter when he was
walking through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk
Helen,
please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired your constant lies. 9. what
age do children

Complete
the sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Who paid for the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get science last
Thursday? 3. I don't know what happened them. 4. Brian became a university
student

19

 the age of seventeen. 5. What
    was Lily's mark the last test? 6. I'm not afraid  mice.
7. Are you sure the answer? 8. I'm going to write  my grandparents the evening. 9.
    In this shop you can pay rubles,  dollars and
 euros. 10. I didn't see Mrs Loveday church yesterday.
    11. We are tired these boring exercises.
12. Listen                    me,
    please.

24

Complete
    the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1.

We know little about the system
    of educat ion in Canada.

educate

2.

Robert is a well-known a very good one indeed.

jump

3.

Little children like to make sandcastles on

beaches.

sand

4.

This is a very                                      rule.

use

5.

Lizzy felt sad and because she had nobody to play with.

happy

6.

People in Europe have Christmas s in December.

celebrate

7.

I didn't understand why Greg greeted me

cold

so
8. We
didn't know anything about his

of badges.

collect

20

9.

The

Mississippi   is a great  and river
  in North America.

power

10.

What

uniforms these of-

beauty

c
ficers are wearing!
Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right.
Soon I
understood I began to like my new

school. I didn't feel (1) unhappy any more.

happy

All my classmates were quite (2)

friend

My new (3)                                     s
  explained the rules

teach

and other things (4)                                    well.
  I could
understand everything and very soon I became

fair

really (5)                             Practically
  all the les-

success

sons were (6) Soon I made friends with many girls and boys
  of my class.

interest

At first I was rather (7)                              about
the clothes they were wearing. I
  thought their

critic

skirts and jeans were (8)                                             for
school wear but then I understood
  they wanted

suitable

to look (9)                                     from
  each other and I

differ

just
ignored their clothes.
Write
American English words for these British English nouns.
1.
autumn fall   3.
holidays
2.
pupil     4.
football
27 Choose
the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1.
People often
(say/tell) tell me about their problems.
2.
Gwen doesn't
(talk/speak) German very well.
3.
Mr Brown was
(speaking/talking) in front of 21 the school for half an hour. 4. My classmates
and me often
c
(talk/ tell) about our favourite TV shows. 5. Never (tell/say) lies. 6.
Try to (say/ tell) the
truth. 7. I don't like physics very much. Everybody (says/ tells) it is a
difficult subject, and I agree.
8.
Could you
(tell/say) us the time, please?
9.

Garry (said/ told) to me he
wanted to visit the USA. 10. Sam (said/told),  "I want to see
Brussels.
"
Choose
the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. I
hope I'll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese.
It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out)  to your parents. 3. The journey to
Australia is very tiring l , let's talk him (out of/over)  it. 4. I don't understand what the
programme of his visit is. Let's talk it (out of/over)
5. I
know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let's
               talk him (out of/over)                        taking part
in it.
6. Mike's parents should talk to their son. He always

1 tiring ['talarll)] —
YT0MwreJ1bHb1ii
talks (back/over) to his teachers. 7. There is a very nice and fashionable dress in
the local shop. I want to talk you (into/over) buying it.

c

1. How do you say

a) Your lesson began 10 minutes

in

ago. You open the door and

English?

come in. You say...

2. Shall I go to the blackboard?

b) Your lesson began 10 minutes

3. May I come in?

ago. You open the door and

4. What do we have

before entering you ask...

to do next?

c) You are not sure what to do

5. I'm sorry, I'm

after you finish your task.

late.

You say...

6. May I take my

d) You didn't come to biology

seat now?

class yesterday. You want

7. I couldn't come

to explain to your teacher

to school yester-

why. You say...

day. I was un-

e) You left the book where teach-

well.

ers put your marks at home.

8. I'm sorry, I

You say...

haven't got my

f) You are not sure if you should

daybook with me

leave your seat or can answer

today.

from it. You say...
g)
  You are not
  sure if you can go back to your seat. You say...
h)
  You do not know
  the English

Match the sentences (1—8) with the situations where you can use 22 them (a—h).

equivalent
for some Russian word. You say...
1. h

2.                            3.                           4.
                          7.                      8.

                              5.                       6.
a 30 You already know some English words with school as the
first element. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school as
the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian.
1.     schoolyard — UJKOJ1bHb1ÿ1
ABOP
2.     schoolkid
3.     school friend  23
4.     school dinner  c
5.     school room
6.     schoolwork
7.     schoolbook
8.     school time
How well do you know the English
system of education? Complete the sentences in writing.
1.     English pupils start schooling at the
age Of five.
2.

Primary education in England
lasts
3.     Secondary education in England lasts
4, Pupils in England usually leave school at but some of them stay at
school for 2 more years.
5.
Most children in
England do not go to private schools, they go to
6.
English schools
have no numbers, they

7.
Parents do not pay
for their children's education
8.
English school
year never begins
9.
In primary
schools pupils usually don't wear but in secondary schools
10.

When primary school pupils are
eleven, they go to
11.
The
English school year has     terms.
12.
Classes are over
at
        24                                                 13.
Pupils go to schooldays a week.
14.

Pupils in English
schools dosubjects a week.
15.     Lunch break usually lasts

It was autumn. The

weather became (1) cold-

cold

er and the days

    (2)                                   Anna

dark

(3)                              to

feel very tired. One day

begin

she (4)

back home from school.

walk

Suddenly she (5)

she couldn't

feel

stand it any longer.

(6)                               work
  at

she

school was getting

(7)                              and
  not

bad

(8)

No matter         what    she

good

(9)

there                  a lot      of

 do

(10)                       in her
  tests and dictations.

 mistake

Complete
the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.
33

Use
a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences.

1. The school in Apple
Street is rather old. 2. My son is still at school, he is going to college next
year.
3. When do you go to                    bed?
4. My favourite bed in

the country house is bed near the window. 5. Many families in the USA go to church on
Sundays.

o 6. Many churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our house
is opposite Baptist church. 8. Church of England is very important in Great
Britain. 9. On Sundays
                             I like
to spend some time just lying in                  bed. 10. When
John
became ill, they took him to hospital. 11. The 25 s grey low building is not
school, it's hospital.

                            12.
Where is Polly? — She is at                 work. 13.             work
they have done is really successful.
14. Nelly goes to school five days a week. 15. hospital where Doctor Farrel
works is not very famous.
Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day (8—10
sentences).

ust for Fun <ÖêOž
36 See
if you know the right answer2 .
1896, where were the first modern Olympics held?

a)      France
b)     the United
c)      Greece
d)     Russia
2.     Which is the
a)     alpha
b)     beta
c)     iota
d)     omega
3.     Which is not
a)     sight
b)     touch
c)     smell
d)     speech
4.     Who painted
27
States
c
last
letter of the Greek alphabet?
13    one of the five senses?
The Last
Supper?

a)     Leonardo da Vinci d) Bellini
b)     Michelangelo         c) Raphael

1
Use a dictionary
for this section
2
See the answers on
page 29
28
c
order.
sheep?"
e) "Me!"

U nit f byo
The Language of the World
                                                                                29

Listen to what the boy from
Norway says about his trip to some European countries, (5), and decide which of
the facts (1—7) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
1.     The speaker and his friends are
classmates.
2.     The three friends are interested in
football.
3.     The three friends went to Copenhagen
to watch a football match.
4.     It took the friends about half an
hour to find the Irish pub.
5.     The boys could hardly understand
Danishl .
6.     The boys enjoyed their trip to
Europe.
7.     English helped them in all European
countries.

1 Danish [ idem1S]
— AaTCKHii
Listen, (6), and decide which of the
problems (1—5) Glenda Morrison, a linguist, doesn't speak about.
1.
It's natural for
people to have a "lingua franca".
2.    Some European languages were a kind
of "lingua franca" at different times.
303. People use English nowadays in different areas of our
lives.
4.     If your native language is dying out,
you must try and keep it alive.
5.     Some people dislike the fact that
English is becoming the global tongue.
     Read the words in transcriptions,
then listen and check,                                                                           (7).
                                             [tfDlau]                                  [pratnauns]                              ['probabli]
                                              ['endlas]                                 [vao'kæbjulari]                       [ju:slas]
                                             [Imi:nll)]                                [fæn
I tæstlk]                              [dllvelap]
                                              [idlk§nari]                              [o:fl]                                         [o:liredi]
                                                             [pr11f3:]                                                 [saund]                                                   [tAÏ)]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check,
(8).
a)
air, already,
beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dislike, even, ever, happening, meeting,
speechless, children, borrow, need
b)
fresh air, a
French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to carry a suitcase, to develop slowly,
to dislike swimming, an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting, a fantastic sound
c)
I have just
finished doing my homework. Bob has read a fantastic book. There was a yellow
balloon in the air. Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pronounce
this sound, please? I have taken an English dictionary from the library. They
don't know any foreign languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you
follow me? He hasn't read the letter yet. The student has pronounced the new words slowly.
rri-                       Read the
text and answer the questions after it.

My name is Kate and this summer, in August, I was at the International
Camp in Germany, where I studied German. We lived in a small town of Stein 31 [stain],
which is situated in Bavaria [be l veeriê]. We lived in sin- c
gle or double rooms in the building of the castle. Most of the day we spent
outside, where the weather was always warm and sunny.
On the second day the lessons started. My teacher's name was Norbert, he
lived in Bonn. The lessons were never boring even when we studied grammar.
Norbert always knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were people
from many countries in my group, I was unable to speak Russian, and that helped
my German greatly.

After school twice a week we had
a special project lesson (for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest
of the time we did fun activities. We did basketball, football, tennis, karate,
learned how to do belly dancing, swam in the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to
discos etc. Whatever we did, it was interesting.
We also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I liked most
about this trip were the cows, which I've never seen so close before.
We went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg [ßæltsb3:g] 1-
and then to Munich [ I mju:nlk]. They are really beautiful. In
Salzburg we visited Mozart's house, and in Munich — the German Museum, the
section of space and air travel.
It was really important for me in
Stein to talk to people from other countries. Because you don't often talk to
young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the USA, England, Wales,
France, Spain, Venezuela [,venl t zwerla], d Hungary, Morocco,
Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on. But Russians won 18 of 96 were from our
country.
I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and unforgettable
people and probably became a little bit more daring l . I am sure
that life in a foreign country makes people think in a different way. It makes
them stronger and more understanding.
1 daring ['dearll)] — OTBaYHb1ii

Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text
and put them in the logical order.

a)
"No wonder
you can't do your homework," mama said. "You put it off until you're
too tired. You'll never learn anything if you work like that." 33
That was exactly what I felt and I
began crying. "I do try," I cried, "but I'm not able to learn
French!" "Of course you can do it," said mama. "Look, if I
help you..." But I shouted, "No."
Mama smiled and said, "Well, I don't think you'll be able to do any
homework today. I have to buy some fish for supper. Come with me and get some
fresh air."
b)
"All
right," I said. We stayed for a while longer because it was such a
pleasant place to be.
"Nice to go out to tea with my daughter," said mama at last and
smiled. I smiled back.
The bill came and we understood there was not enough money left for fish,
but it did not matter.

After this the work did not
seem quite so bad.
c)
My name is Anna
and I am living now in Paris which is a beautiful city. We moved here half a year
ago. I go to a French school and have to learn French. I find it very
difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework to do each day. History and
geography teachers tell us to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also
do grammar exercises and all that in a language which I still don't understand.
d)
We sat down at
one of the little tables.
"Look," said mama. "I know it's difficult for you and I
know you're tired. But what can we do? We're living in France and you have to
learn French."
"I get so tired," I said, "and I'm getting worse instead
of better. I think I'm just one of those people who can't learn languages.
"
"That's nonsense, Anna,"
mama said. "You have done very well so far. And you will learn French, I
know you will. I'll tell you what we'll do. It's only two months till
Christmas. Will you try just once more? If you feel you still can't manage by
Christmas, we'll do something
about it. I don't quite know what, but I promise you I'll think of something. All
right?"
e)       One evening in my room I was looking
at my homework instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting worse
and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but it took me so long to
translate them into French in my 34 mind that it was usually too late to give them.
I was really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked c at my exercise
book. It was maths. There was only one word on the page "Problems,"
nothing more.
f)
We walked down
the street together without talking.
There
was a cake shop next to the fish shop.
"We'll
go in here," mama said to my surprise.
"I'll have a cup of tea and you
can have a cake; then we'll have a talk."
"Isn't
it too expensive?" I asked.
''MTe
can buy one cake," mama said.
                                                                          2.                                    3.
                              4.                             5.                              6.
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).
a)     often last longer than sixty minutes
b)     like the air
c)     an American linguist
d)     except i on very cold days
e)     people create languages
f)       and it is not from Guinea2
Have you got any problems with English? Does it sometimes seem too
difficult or illogical? Richard Lede-

ou[1]                     esting
things about his native language. Here are some
of them. irk
ng                     Let's face it              English
is a crazy language, the most luna-
Jut ny        tic of all languages.

ras

35
In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or

c
neblue,
and blackberries l are green, then red and black only
in the
end.
g.
There is no egg in eggplant[2] , no grape in grapefruit,
and enno room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple[3]
,
and no
ham in hamburger.

In this English tongue a guinea
pig is not a pig
(2)
                         Language is
(3)                                                            we breathe
we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to what we say, we
find that hot dogs can be cold and we
                              can do
homework at school. Hours                    especially rush
                        hours           (4)                                                            and
most bath-
rooms don't have any baths in them but have showers. Why is it that a king
rules a kingdom but a queen doesn't
rule a
queendom?
it
If the
plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn't the plural of
booth[4]
be beeth?
If [5]people make olive, what do they make
baby oil from? If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite of
softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameful behaviour
and shameless behav-
36
                                          iour
the same? Why are priceyl objects less expensive than
            c                         priceless
ones?
Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or
the stars are out,     they are visible[6][7] , but when the lights are
out, they are invisible3?
And in
what other language can your nose run?

To tell
the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That's
because (5)       not computers. That's why six, seven, eight and nine
change to sixty, sev- enty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do not become twonty, threety, fourty
and fivety. That's why we wear a pair of pants but, (6) not a pair of shirts. That's why when I
wind upd my watch, I start it, but when I wind up[8] a
speech or an essay[9] , I end it.
                                      1.                                   2.                                    3.
                                4.                             5.                              6.

Speak about English as a global language. Use these word combinaul tions.
37
It,
n-
's s.
10
s-
Speak about how English developed.
Mention the following:
• English in
the 16th century (on the British Isles and on the continent);
• the
importance of English nowadays;  people's wish to learn English.
Describe
some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention:
 what place you have visited; when it was; with
whom you went there; what places of interest you saw; t what you liked/disliked
there;
• if you used
English during your journey.
                      Complete the
dialogue and act it out in class.
Career
So, Linda, you have decided to go to university after school, (1) haven't
38
c
Yes. I think that a university is important nowadays.
True, especially, if you are certain
about the kind of education you want to get.
Oh, I'm sure of it. I would like to be a linguist.
So, you are interested in languages, (2) Very much so.
But why (3)
Because languages are like living things, they grow and develop, Some
words appear, some disappear. People begin to pronounce old words in
different ways. Almost all languages change. English is also changing.
                                            (4)                                                                              9.
Yes, I'm going to study it scientifically.
(5)
I mean that I would like to know when English appeared, and how it has
changed, how many people know or learn it.
Everybody knows the answer to the last question.
                                           Do they? And (6)
of languages you know.

tongue

9.

2.

[ikæri]

10.

[saund]

3.

[pryif3:]

11.

[o:llredi]

4.

[pra'naunsl

12.

[I:vn]

5.

[spi:tf]

13.

[Ineva]

6.

['probablil

14.

[dwelop]

Who does not know another language
does not know his own. (Goethe)l

English is a
trap? for a foreigner.     39
                        Spell the
words.
7.     [ifDlau]        15. [ aonli]
8.     [greitl          16. [lealas]
Use
the new words from the box to complete the sentences.
borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer, probably, pronounce, speech,
vocabulary
1. Are only children really special? 2. My little cousin can
hardly the sound 3. Languages like people are born, change, and can die.
4. I had to
several rubles to pay for the
dictionary, the money I had wasn't enough. 5. If you read a lot, your
1 Goethe [ Iga:ta] — IdoraHH
B0J1b(þraH1' I'ërre (1749—1832),  1109T 2 trap [træp]
— J10BY111Ka
 becomes larger. 6. Do you a strong cup of tea to a cup of
coffee for breakfast?
                                                                 I'll
start learning French next year but
                                      I haven't decided yet.
8. Mr Farrell's  at the
40 opening ceremony was successful. 9.       a child

1. There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight jut pages in
Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of
he                     the English
language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test
41
ildpapers and asked us to hand them
(in/out) on an Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out)  these gifts c
to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked through my notes and
handed them (back/out)  to
me. 5. "Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English dictionary. Can
you hand it (out/over) 'P" 6. Wherever we go, Paul (borrows/ follows) us. 7. The pupil was
not sure (of/ from) the word spelling. 8. They have never been (in/to)  Japan. 9. My little cousin already
has the (dictionary/vocabulary) of 50—60
words.
10. The details of the future project are not clear.
                      Would you like
to talk them (in/over)                 now?
17 Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete
the sentences.

1. The new show was really colourful
  and impressive.

colour

2. Mr Rogers stood                                for
  several sec-

speech

onds, he      did not know what to  simple say.
3. While reading, Gerald couldn't pronounce several words correctly and
the teacher asked
                         him to                       the
text.                                read

4. "Mike, you shouldn't be that

care

42

          when you write                                 s.
  You have
missed
  several words again!"
5. Susan Scott is going to become a

dictate

, she regularly goes to an art

paint

c

school.

      6. The sun was shining                            in
  the

bright

blue sky.

cloud

7. Professor Springle had a mixed

feel

           of joy and sadness at
  their final

meet

8. They are    indeed to live on
  this fantastic island.

luck

9. Mr Pullin saw rows of serious faces in front of him.

smile

10. Robert was a nice                               boy.

friend

18

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the
  right.

In one of his stories Oscar Wilde
said that the English have (1) really real everything in common with

                                                                                (2)s,                          America
nowadays,
except, of course, language. That was (3)certain
a joke. But
speaking
Oscar Wilde

(5)                                languages?
  Their grammar sys-

differ

terns are practically the same, lots of words are the same, but not all
  of them. The word "home-

43

ly"              (6)             English means

Britain

(7)                                  and in American
  English
not very good-looking.                  There
  is a whole

please

(8)                                of
  such words. Sometimes the

collect

same words have not the same (9)

mean

s. For example the verb "to
guess" is "to think" in America. Yet, both the nations speak the same language
English.
Write
out international words from the box.

house,
foreigner, play, football, banana, word, grapefruit, orange, television,
hockey, drama, paper, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin,
coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland, language, avocado,
book, golf, progress, school, revolution, tragedy, circus, philosophy,
computer, bookcase, president, Internet

tour                Write
which of these Russian cities you and the members of your family have visited
and what cities you haven't been to.

the ar-
to
                                              1. Moscow                                                           2.
St Petersburg
                                               3.
Rostov                                                                4.
Vologda
                                             5.
Smolensk                                                                6. Omsk
                                           7.
Vladivostok                                                                8.
Tver

7.
She goes to the
swimming pool five days a week.

8.
She goes to any
place by car.
9.
She has five pets
at home.
10.  She doesn't live in town any more.
She has moved to the country.

23 Write
the three forms of these verbs.

                   1. aeJ1aTb                    do                   did                done

 2. 11HCaTb

3. 6e}KaTb

4. TOBOPHTb
 5. ÓpaTb

6. CTaHOBHTbCS1
7. HaqHHaTb
8.
llaÅaTb
9.
ecrrb
10.
qwrarrb
11.
3BOHHTb
12. BHAeœb
 13. 6b1Tb
14. AaBaTb

25 Look
at the pictures and write
a) what
countries David has visited
1. David has visited Italy.
49
b)      to what countries he has not been
c)      in what seas he hasn't swum
50
Black Sea
d)     to what rivers and lakes he hasn't
swum

                                                             Volga                     Baikal                     0b
e)      what dishes he hasn't eaten
                                                          borsch                                       biyni                                             sushki

                        2.
c
                    3.
26 Write questions and ask your friend to answer them. You want to know
if he/she:
1.
has spoken to
his/her maths teacher — Have you SPOken to your maths teacheû
2.
has eaten his
lunch
3.
has ever fallen
from his/her bike —
4.
has done his/her
homework
5.
has ever swum in
the ocean
6.
has begun doing
the project
7.
has read
"War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy
8.
has rung his/her
parents
9.
has handed out
the test papers
10.   has run the 100-metres race l
11.   has been to the Bolshoi Theatre
52
12.   has seen Red Square
c
Write questions to the underlined words.
1.
I have been to
Africa two times. HOW many times have you been to Africa?
2.
Helen has seen
some European cities.
3.
George has
carried three bags downstairs.
4.
Chris has done
his room very well.
5.
They have
borrowed a lot of money.
6.
The Browns have
moved to a three-room flat because
their
old flat is too small.
7.
They have eaten the whole cake.
8.
They have written
a very sad letter.

1.
I have used this information in my
lectures (never).
I have never used this information in my lec-
tures.
53
2.
We have washed
our jeans (already).
3.
He has decided to
take chicken and rice (just). les
4.
He has not
planted any flowers (yet).
5.
Have they been to
the museum (already)?
6.
Have they spoken
to their parents (yet)?
se
7.
Has Linda seen
mountains (ever)?
8.
I have eaten
Greek food (never).
9.
You have come
back (just).
10.
She has cleaned
the windows (already).

You ask: Have you finished packinB>tour bag
yet?
2.       You can't believe your eyes. Your
friend has already finished packing his bag.
You ask:
3.       You ask your sister to wash up after
dinner. In ten minutes you want to know if she has already done It
You
shout from the bedroom:
4. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave.  In ten minutes you come back and see
that your sister is playing some computer game. You want to know if she has already washed up.
You ask:
5.       Your brother is doing his homework.
You know that he has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says he is
going for a walk. You want to know if he has al56 ready done everything.
You ask:
6.       Your cousin is cleaning the windows in
your country house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she sits down in
the armchair and begins watching TV. You want to know if she has cleaned all
the windows.
You ask:
7.       Your friend is not sure what to take
for dinner in the restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already decided
what to take.
You ask:
8.       You want to know if your friend has
already seen the new film.
                                    You
ask:
9.       You are surprised that your friend
has so quickly learned the poem by heart. You want to know if she/he has
already done it.

try she tou
32 Use
a/an or no article to complete these sentences.
1. I
have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such
the
de-clear water! 3. Penguins are such  funny animals!
4.       Jane has become such good actress! 5.
We have thenever been to such expensive restaurant. 6. They have
                    never seen such             tall
building. 7. It was such            un-
                        usual
meeting. 8. Richard has given me such                tasty
kly
(hesweets. 9. His was such                                       endless
speech! 10. It is such
 vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such children. 12. It is
such big money! 13. This is such helpful information. 14. We are having such
lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day!
Complete
the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate

forms.
1.               You ever (be) to
France?
to France?
— Yes. 1
— When you (be) there?
 1 (be)
Have you ever been
there last summer.

59

   c

35

Write what people can do to
master l the foreign language they are learning. What are you doing
(8—10 sentences)?

1 to
master ['ma:sta] — y.nyt111.1HTb

36 See if you know the right
answerl .

1.  What does the
a)
fire
b)
air
2.  What does the
a)
air, gas
b)
fly
3.  What does the
Greek
prefix pyro- mean?
c)
water
d)
land
Greek prefix aero- mean?
c)    more
d)   none of the above prefix re- mean?

a)

to do something twice c) to
change what you've done
b)     to do something again d) none of the
above

                              37

4.   What does the Greek prefix hyper-
  mean?
a)
  too small  c)
  too bright
b)
  too slow   d)
  too much
5.   What does the prefix octo- mean?
a)
  having ten
  parts      c) having eight parts
b)
  having nine
  parts        d) having seven parts
The right
  answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c.
Here
  are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a)
  "Yes, Dad,
  I know that. But when he was your age he was President of the United States.
  "
b)
  "Ugh! This
  coffee tastes like soap."
c)
  "It's so
  bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to phone out for a pizza. "
d)
  "That must
  be tea, the coffee tastes like glue."
e)
  "You know,
  my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was a very good pupil. In fact, he was
  the best pupil in his class. "
f)
  "How's food in your school
  canteen?"
                                 Joke
  2
1.
  1. 1.
2.
     2.     2.
See the answers on page 60.

Listen
to the text about Canada,      (10), and decide which of the folto
lowing is not
mentioned in it.
             1.
The size of the country.
vas
his2. The country's geographical position.
3.     Some
animals living on the territory of the country.
4.     A
place of natural beauty in Canada.
5.
Some
old Indian traditions.
big cities.

-neadiny

'kredabl]

Read
  the words in transcriptions,
                                            [bra:ntS]                              [In

                                             [ju:kalllptas]                     [stretfi

[la:f]

[satpralzd]

[dlizi:z]

62

[plern]

[frendll]

[l'kldna]

[tpxflkt]

[cba'pæn]

[Idezat]

Alaska

Canberra

the
  Appalachians

Great
  Australian Reef

the
  Colorado

Melbourne

the
  Grand Canyon

Perth

the
  Great Plains

Sydney

the Mississippi the Niagara Falls the Rockies

Uluru Rock

Washington,
  D.C.

China

Texas

Japan

                                                                                then
listen and check,          (11).
[Ivæli]
['emptil
c
                                        Read
the geographical names, then listen and check,            (12).
                                                                        Australia
Vietnam
Read the words, word combinations and
sentences, then listen and check, (13).
a)   laughter,
flow, womanly, Frenchman, coast, empty, border, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly,
suddenly, emu, chain, duckbill, journey
b)   the
border between two countries, a chain of mountains, situated on the coast, to
flow into the ocean, to look perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a
desert island, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin suddenly, to my
great surprise
c)    Lucy
wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we heard a loud laughter coming from
the nearby house. Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately been
to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the mountain the valley looks
incredible. He liked to look at autumn leaves when they were falling to the
ground. The children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas and
eucalyptus trees. An endless desert was stretching in front of our eyes. They
destroyed the old market and built several houses in its place. Into what sea
does this

Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where  does its money come from? Sheep,
cattle l minerals, wheat,  fruit, and wine are some of the
answers.
                      Sheep have been
important since the earliest days. Most
 Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in  Australia in 1797. Merinos are
strong animals and live hap pily (1) Now twenty per cent of the world's sheep and live in Australia,
mainly in the states New South Wales
and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of
the world's wool )orfin,comes from there.
ns,Cattle
stations (2) of the north and centre. The is- meat from Australian cattle goes
(3)
Gold made Australia rich in the 19th
century. The country
also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of see money. But digging for minerals often
destroys the land.
at The states Western Australia and
New South Wales the las They sell it to the USA, China and Japan.
in nd Australia grows other kinds of food too. In
Queensland, the lis
state in
the east of the country, they grow bananas. Further south, where (5) apples
appear. And in recent years Australia has been making very good wine too.
But
Australia is like many other modern countries, because
64
now
most of its workers (6) Two-thirds of them c work in shops, offices, banks or
schools.
                               1.                                 2.                                3.
                               4.                                 5.                                6.
Read the paragraphs of the text (a—e) and put
them in the logical order.
M. Twain
Father cf
the
a)   Mark Twain was in love with the great
river. He even took his pen name from the call of the men on the boats. They
cried "mark twain" when they wanted to say that the river was deep
enough for their boats and safe for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on
the Mississippi River. They look very much like the steamboats in the pictures
of Mark Twain's books.
b)  A lot of big and important American
cities are situated on the Mississippi's banks. Memphis, the third largest city
in the country, is one of them, Thousands of tourists come here to visit Elvis
Presley's home. Elvis Presley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made
rock 'n 'roll music very popular. The musician died in

Fur-1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest   rock singer of all time.
re-  c) Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is just a little
town on the Mississippi River, but its name 30.  is familiar to Americans and people
in other countries.  Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844

•,ause1853. He copied many of his
characters from the
till boys and girls he knew when he
was a child. Mark      65 them
Twain's
house is now a museum, and across the street is the house of his sweetheart,
Laura Hawkins. She became the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about
Tom Sawyer and his adventures.
d)  After travelling all the way through
the United States the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is the
place where New Orleans [ i o:lienz] is situated. This city is the
home of jazz music and one of the most incredible places in the US. First it
was a French city. French culture is still here in the style of cooking, old
buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they still celebrate the old
French festival of Mardi Gras. During this spring festival people dress in
beautiful costumes, sing and dance in the streets.
e)   The Mississippi River is the most
important river in the United States. Its name means "Father of the
Waters". Native Americans gave the river this name long, long ago. The
name shows their respect for the great size and the power of the river. The
Mississippi is 3,778 km long and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the
Gulf of Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so narrow that you
can walk across it in 15 steps. But its water is very clear and cold. By and by
the river becomes wider and more powerful.
                                                        2.                          3.
                                                      5.                                6.

Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true
(T), false (F) or
Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of Wyoming, USA.
The place got its name from David Jackson, a traveller and a hunter, who once
lived there. His friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like a
hole in the middle of the mountains.

66
c

Jackson Hole is a popular holiday
  place. In summer months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride
  horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes. Many visitors cross
  the valley in boats on the Snake River. It turns from side to side, like a
  snake. The water in the river moves very fast and you have to be brave to
  travel on it.
Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are shops with
  cowboy hats and boots and cafés which look like saloons of the
  American West. Holidaymakers can ride horses or go to a rodeo [rou t der]
  to see traditional competitions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of
  cowboys and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay on a wild
  animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild horses and large bulls [bulz].
  The animals try to throw the cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to
  fall off. Another thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a young
  cow's legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest time wins.
People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to enjoy the best of
  cowboy and mountain culture.
1.
  It was David
  Jackson who gave the valley its name.
2.
  There are a lot
  of things people can enjoy doing in Jackson Hole.
3.
  The Snake River
  is the longest in Wyoming.
4.
  It is easy to
  sail along the Snake River.
5.
  Horses help
  people to win in a rodeo.
6.
  Visitors from
  abroad come to Jackson Hole for holidays.
Speak
  about the USA. Mention:
the country's geographical position;
•    the country's relief (mountains,
  plains, lakes and rivers);
•
  the climate;
•
  some places of
  interest;

some cities (including New York and
Washington, D.C.); c people and their traditions.
10 Speak about
Australia. Mention:
the
country's geographical position; the climate and nature in different parts of
the country;
• some places of interest in Australia;
the Australian Aborigines; some cities (including Canberra); some of Australian
curious birds and animals.
Work in pairs. Make
up a dialogue and act it out.
You and your good friend have won at the city
contest of photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Australia. You have
to decide which of the two countries to choose. Both of you are interested in
taking pictures of natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about
where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to some decision.
Complete the dialogue
and act it out.
A: My greatest wish is to see the world. I'd
like to go travelling.
Really? (1)
A: To some English-speaking country. I've already heard a
lot about them, so I'd like to see them with my own eyes.
B: It's a very good idea. (2)
I think I'll go to Australia first.
(3)
A: Because it is such an unusual country.
Say as much as you
can about the places of interest in English-speaking countries.
Comment on the
following proverbs.
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.
• So many countries, so many customs.

9. This mighty river flows
   through the plain.

slow

10. The                    Sea
  is a part of the
Arctic Ocean.

Norway

69

line they called the
  "Frontier", the land was

full
  of (2)                    dangers.

know

It was the land of (3) s,
  or Na-
tive Americans. The pioneers moved
  farther and farther west until they reached the Pacific Ocean and the
  frontier was there no longer. But the idea of the land of

India

                        cowboys
  and brave

man

(5)                                   s
  became part of the

hunt

(6)            dream.
  A lot of people
still believe that if you
  are strong and

America

(7)                              ,
  you can go to the land of

skill

(8)
   plains and (9)

end, rock

mountains
  and find your (10)

happy

Complete
the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. The early (1)
Europeans in America lived Europe

on
the East Coast. To the west, behind the
there.

18
These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make them
correct.
                      1. Washington, D.C. is a
city of skyscrapers.                  New

70
c

Complete the
sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Yesterday our teacher gave out some pictures and asked us to describe
them in English. 2. the southeast Rus-
                 sia borders                 China.
3. We all laughed                 the funny
71 cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only     the back
c
of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but, please, don't
give Sport is good your health.
6. When I asked my question, he looked me surprise. 7. The secret room
was situated the back of the house. 8. I took out the key but my surprise the
door was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of Mexico. 10. I always
give books to the library
time.
Choose the correct
words to complete the sentences.
1.
Many rivers (fly/
flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean.
2.
The volcano lava
(flew/ flowed)    down
the
hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing)
over the water. 4. They (flew/ flowed) to Sydney early in the morning. 5.
(May-
             be/ May be)                                   we
can listen to this song
again, it's lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be) the most friendly people I've
ever met. 7. Jane says she (maybe/may be) a little late for the beginning of
the show. 8. (Maybe/ May be) the
story will surprise you but everything I'm going to
say is true.
Match the words in the two columns and use the word
combinations to complete the sentences.
72

1.

incredible

a) road

incredible journey

c

2.

great

b) coast

3.

laughed

c)
surprised
d) journey

5.

pleasantly

e) loudly

6,

southeast

f) leaves

7.

lonely

g) surprise

8.

autumn

h) times

1. We went to East Africa and, believe me, it was an
incredible journey. 2. They lived on the
of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean.
3. They brought some colourful from the park to
decorate the living room. 4. When 1
showed Colin my pictures, he but
said nothing. 5. To my they gave
us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels
uncomfort-
       able on a              at
night. 7. I've seen
this film it's one of my favourite. 8. They were to
find that
the hotel was so comfortable.

3.

Melbourne

11.

Uluru Rock

73

4.

Grand Canyon

12.

USA

5.
Hawaii        13.
 Australia
6.
Sahara Desert        14.
 Death Valley

7.            Rockies

15.

Atlantic Ocean

8.            Colorado River

 Complete
the text with the articles a or the where necessary.
(1) The
Dead Sea is really not (2)  sea at all,
 salty lake. It's nine times saltier
than the ocean. (4)  Dead Sea is three million years old. There is no life in (5)  Dead Sea: its water is too salty for
(6)  fish or (7) plants to live. (8)  Dead Sea is (9) lowest
place on
earth. It's very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt crystals are everywhere on
(10)  shore, they look like (11)  ice. Water flows into (12)

Dead Sea from several rivers,
but does not flow out.
(13)  climate of this territory is sunny and dry. It has 330 full days of (14)
 sunshine
(15)  year.

                   fish.
8. It (got/ has got)                                         dark about an
hour ago. It's time to go home. 9. The other
day we sud-
                     denly
(found/have found)                                       the museum we
wanted to visit. 10. Mary
(just had/ has just had)
75 her lunch, she isn't hungry any more.
c
Use the verbs in brackets in the right
tenses — past simple or present perfect.
1. I (meet) met Linda just now. She was
talking to our teacher.      2.      It's         the    second time Sally
(read)
this story. She likes it a lot. 3. Jason
                (buy)                                      a
new dictionary the other day. He
is already using it. 4. Colin (just
break) his bike. That's why he looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat)
Chinese food several times, but I (never
                   do)                                            it.
6. It's the first time he (spend)
a month at the sea. He loved it. 7. The
other day we (find) a lovely café
and (have) tea there. 8. Some years ago the family (have) a small cottage at
the seaside. 9. The children (already leave) home, they are on their way to
school. 10. My friend (send)
me several e-mails today. 11. That day
                     they
(hear)                                               the good news and (go)
home at once. 12. Sam (not tell) us
about his plans yet. I think he'll do it later.
Complete the
sentences with gone or been.
1.
Where
is your grandad? He has just gone to visit his friend.
2.
They
haven't    to 76
Australia yet, they are planning to
c
go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna
I don't know. She may be in the market. 4.
They've just to Hawaii. Ask them about the place.
5. Has she ever to an English-speaking
country? 6. My brother isn't at home. He's to the swimming pool. 7. All my
classmates have to the Pushkin Museum, but I haven't. 8. Luke has just
out. Please call him back later. 9. The family
has abroad on holiday. They'll be back home
in September. 10. Have you ever to Lake Bai-
kal? You should go there one day.
28 Use the articles
a/an or the to complete the sentences.
1.
Among
the tourists there was a Canadian and two Americans. The Canadian spoke English
and French.

1.
  Most of the Americans live in

America and speak Eng-

77
c

lish. 2. Most of

live in Germany and

speak
   3. Most of

 live
  in

England and speak

4. Most of

live in

and speak Norwegian.

5. Most of  live

in
   and

speak
  Japanese. 6. Most of the

British people live in

 and
  speak

 7.
  Most of

the      Italians       live      in                         and
  speak
     8.
  Most of               live in Rus-
sia and speak       9.
  Most of live in  and speak Vietnamese. 10.
  Most of the Australians     live in                 and
  speak

2.

Autumn
  has come. The beginning to fall off the trees.

are

leaf

3.

It is the  building

I've

incredible

2.
Japanese
are a very hard-working nation. 3. He was Englishman but lived in Spain most of
his life. old culture. 7. Mike was Australian but everybody thought that he was
American. 8. He said he was
                     German,
not              Austrian.

Complete
the sentences as in the example.
30
Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.
1. It is the first time James has
beenone, be abroad. Let's ask him what he feels.
seen.

diers
than the Europeans but they were also warm and friendly people. They lived in
wooden houses and had wooden boats. They

birds and (5)

catch, fish

and (6)                              sweet
  potatoes for food.

79 grow

The Europeans (7)                                  guns,
  ciga-
rettes and diseases that were new to the

bring

Maori, and many of (8)                               died.

they

Today, most Maori (9)                                       their
lifestyle but Maori culture is still very strong. Many schools teach
  Maori language and train the children in the ways of (10)

change

grandfathers.

they

$êéWriting

Read the text
"The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would like to ask to
know more about the country.
The
Republic of Singapore [tsllja l po.•] is a small island nation in
Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the country's biggest island and
its capital city. A legend says that a prince named the island Singapura,
meaning "lion city", because he thought he saw a lion there.

See if you know the
right answer l
1.
What
causes a volcano to erupt?
a)
magma      b)
water
                                 c)
dust                                      d) none of the above
2.
Which
holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth c
Thursday of November?
a)
Thanksgiving
Day        b) New Year's Day
                                  c)
Christmas Day                     d) Flag Day
3.
Which
is the second largest ocean in the world?
a)
Pacific        b)
Atlantic
                           c)
Indian                                 d) Arctic
4.
Who
explored the South Pacific in the 1700s?
a)
Magellan   b)
Christopher Columbus
                                 c)
James Cook                         d) Roald Amundsen
5.
Where
is Grand Canyon National Park?
a)
Texas          b)
California
                                 c)
Arizona                               d) Florida
The right answers are: 1. a,
2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c.
36 Here are three
jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
"Yes, sir, they're not very good
swimmers."
b)
"Well
just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side of your plate."
c)
"Sit
down, sir         we serve anyone."
d)
"Waiter,
there's a dead beetle in my soup."
e)
"Waiter,
do you serve crabs?"
f)
"I
don't like cheese with holes."

Joke
3
1.
1. 1.
2.
2.  2.
1 See
the answers on page 82.

Living Things Around Us
83

üListenin

c
Listen
to the text about New Zealand, (14), and decide which of the facts (1—6) are
true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
1.    The kauri l is the main
material to build houses in New Zealand.
2.    Kauri trees grow in North Island.
3.    There are a lot of wooden houses in
Wellington.
4.    All kauri trees have names.
5.

The kakapo parrot lives only in
New Zealand.
6.    The kakapo parrot weighs more than
any other bird in New Zealand.
                  Listen,
              (15), and decide which of the facts is not stated in the text.
1.    Kiwi birds are not very big birds.
2.    For a long time kiwi birds did not
have any enemies on the land where they lived.
3.    Kiwi birds are disappearing.
4.    The kiwi is the bird that is the
symbol of New Zealand.

1 the kauri [ ikauari] —
Ha3BaHV-re H3BeCTHoro HOB03eJ1aHACK01'O BHAa AepeBbeB
5.     It is not easy to see kiwi birds
because of their colour.
6.
It is possible to
say that kiwi birds are night birds.

üEReadin

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check,
c
                                  [bri:ö]                                    [twžn]                                      ['similê]
                                   [Ibrelkobl]                              fin
  'klu:drn]                               [saipo:t]
                                  [ikjuarias]                             [dSmest1k]                              ['relativ]
                                 [I
  lspeSali]                              ['mu:vabl]                               ['spelJas]
                                  ['rern,forlst]                          [tsalonltlflk]                            [hard]

(16).

Read the
names of animals and plants and the word combinations with them, then listen
and check, (17).
a)   an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a
butterfly, a monkey, a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a
lizard, a magpie, a nightingale
b)   a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny
penguin, a whiteand-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long snake,
a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working woodpecker, a white moth
c)   a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an
elm, a lily, a water lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle
d)   a tall beech, an old pine, a
fantastic lily, a wonderful bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond,
spring yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine, sunflowers in
the field
Read the
words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (18).
a)   another, human, close, enjoyable,
everyone, fur, hide, including, similar, someone, soil, species
b)   a twin brother, to be close to the
relatives, to be curious about plants growing in rainforests, including
insects, especially domestic animals, common birds, similar problems, a
spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual species
c)   He has paid for all of us. We have
never had anything in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one will be
able to find it. Different species of animals live in rainforests. Her parents
supported her till she was
twenty-one. A narrow river flows down this beautiful valley. We have been
to Canada but never to any other English-speaking countries.
Read
the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated
(NS).
Chaftes Darwin: How it
85 At
the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge University to study religion,
but he didn't like it. He didn't spend much time on books, what he loved to do
was collecting beetles.
Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his life. A friend
invited him on an expedition on his ship the Beagle. Without any clear idea
about what he wanted to do with his life, Charles joined the expedition.
The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was a five-year
expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles was not really a scientist and
he felt terribly seasick but he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He
had a great chance to study lots of plants and animals.
When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [V3:d] Islands in the Atlantic
Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the first time in his life. And he was
surprised by the great number and variety of animal species. He started to
collect butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells he loved everything. Charles
decided to become a scientist.
Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Galapagos [go t læpagas]
Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises and other interesting animals.
Charles found that each of the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The
animals on different islands were a little different. Charles thought that it
was strange. At that time people believed that every animal species looked the
way God made it.
Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began working hard. So
much to do, so many questions to answer. He later said that the two years after
his voyage were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book. He
also started to think about the Galapagos animals and what he called the
"transmutation of species", the slow changing of one species into
another. Now we call it "evolution".
1.     Darwin was not a good university
student.
2.     Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the
expedition.
3.     Darwin enjoyed the expedition.
4.     When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos
Islands, he already knew what he wanted to do professionally.
5.     In London Darwin began to collect
material for his book.
6.     Darwin never used the word
"evolution".
Read
the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a— f) . There is c one title you don't have to use.
a)      People's Relatives
b)     They Are Fairly Different
c)      Important Part of the Body
d)     Origin of the Name
e)      The Best-known Species
f)       Their Habits
1.  The word lemur [ I li:mê]
comes from the Latin word meaning "a ghost". Perhaps this is because
they move about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes.
2.  Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth
for a very long time, but you can find them only in two places on the island
Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of Madagascar broke away from the
continent of Africa) and the nearby Comori Islands.
3.  Some people think that lemurs belong
to the family of squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close to
us, humans. They are primates.
4.  Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave
in the air as a form of communication. These big tails also help them balance
when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs don't hang from trees by their
tails, as some monkeys do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than
their bodies.
5.  There are many kinds of lemurs. They
come in different colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30 grams.
The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the past there were also very large
lemurs which weighed 240 kilograms, but they have all died out.
6.  Lemurs live and move about in groups.
They like to sleep during the day and are active during the night. They eat
nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects.

           1.                            2.                           3.
         4.                       5.                       Extra
Read the text and
answer the questions after it.
the
Gerald
Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of brilliant books about
animals, was born in India in 1925. His mother often joked that his first word
was "zoo".
When he
was three years old, his family moved to Eng-

land, then to the Greek island of Corfu to get away from the terrible
  English weather. With his mother, his

87

sister
  Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald spent five years on the
  island. That was the start of his long career as an animal expert.

c

They
lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big scorpion in the garden wall.
The scorpion had lots of light brown babies on her back. He put them into a
matchbox and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the matchbox on
the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot about his new pets. He suddenly
remembered about them when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there
and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his hand. And the scorpions
were free!
Larry
shouted "Help!" , the Durrels' dog went wild and the servant dropped
a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran all over the room. Gerald had to catch
them with a teaspoon, and put them back in the garden wall.
In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of
the war. At the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade Zoo where he
started looking after the lions and other animals.
On his
21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to collect wild animals for
British zoos.
Back
home in England he kept a lot of animals monkeys, squirrels, frogs and others
in his sister's garden.
Gerald's
brother Larry asked him to write about his journeys and voyages to different
places. This is how Gerald Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of
his most famous books is "My Family and Other Animals".
1.    When and where was Gerald Durrel
born?
2.    How many brothers and sisters did he
have?

Or little rabbits in a field at eve — ning,
Lit by a
slanting l sun.
And then
my heart has told me:

These will pass,
Will pass and change, will die and

be no more,
Things bright and green, things young and happy;

89

And I have gone upon my way

c

Sorrowfu12
Pádraic Pearse3
Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the
following:
feelings
the poet has and why he has them;

the
three types of wild animals which have given him joy; the things the poet's
heart has told him;
• if
the lines in the poem rhyme4 , if it is always important; if you
sometimes feel the same.
Speak about flora and fauna of the place
where you live. Say:

in what part of Russia you live;
what weather is typical of this place in winter and in summer; what plants,
trees and flowers grow there; what wild birds and other animals live there;
what people do and should do to protect5 the flora and fauna in your
area.
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act
it out.
Have you
got a pet, Phil?
(1) Yes
I have. It's a dog.
Ùonažd: What is its name? How old is it?
1
slanting
['sla:ntll)] —      K aaKarry
2
sorrowful
['soraufl] — negaJ1bHb1ìi, ropeCTHb1ñ
3
Pádraic
Pearse (1879—1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, and political
activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his
execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse came to be seen by many as the
embodiment of the rebellion.
't to rhyme [rarm] —
5 to protect [pra'tekt] — aa114H1uaTb
(2)
Ž)tmažd: So, it's a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3)
I've
had Pirate since he was born, for five years already. It's a pleasure to have a
dog and a great responsi-
90 bilityl too.
c
(4)
I mean
that you must look after your pet, feed him regularly, take the dog out, play
with him and train him.
(5)
I do.
I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice a year. Dogs may have health
problems and it's important to keep them fit.
Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian
equivalents? Birds of a feather flock together.

A bird in the hand is
  worth two An early bird catches the worm.

in the bush.

ofEEn lish.=

Spell the words.

1 . [bri:ö]  breathe

9. [tostrltfi

2. ['kjuarias]

10. [trelatlv]

3. [lispeJli]

11. ['rnsekt]

4. [tsalonltlflk]

12. ['komon]

5. ['srmlla]

13. [satpo:t]

6.

14. ['prcban]

7. [Intklu:dll)]

15. [inaltll)gežl]

8. ['hju:man]

16.

responsibility [rltsponsê lbllêti]
— OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
Correct the names
under the pictures where necessary.

91
1.
poppy       2. tulip 3. elm daffodil
                              4.
oak                                        5. bluebell                                   6.
shamrock
                               7.
lily                                       8. water lily                                      9.
pine
                              10.
fir                                        1 1 . beech                            1
2. lily of the valley
Complete the
sentences with the new words from the box.

especially, similar,
  shamrock, scientific, hidden, curious, species, relative, bluebell

breathe(2), close, included, humans,
1. A clover leaf with three parts is a
shamrock. It is an
92 emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of
blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came
to my doctor. He
                       asked
me to                                 in and then to
out through the nose. He wanted to listen to
my heart and
lungs. 4. Where have you my keys? Why
have you done it? 5. Be careful when you
cross the street here. It's a dangerous
place. 6. Rodger, is Uncle Harry your 7. Although the girls were not twins,
their shoes and dresses looked
                                                                8.
Everyone was                                       about
the new student. 9. Men, women and children
are
10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the
                           same                                     of
animals? 11. We
not only our relatives but some of our
friends on the list of guests. 12. All of the pupils have to
                           do                                    experiments
in Chemistry classes.
16 Write the names of
1. five (or more) animals of white colour

-Z
Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.

up, out(2), for, off, from, behind, till, about, to, in

1. My sister and me have always been very close to each
94 other.
c

2.
  He is really
  ill. He has been breathing     coal
dust l
  for many years.
3.
  It's now very
  common young people to use gad-
gets
  wherever possible.
4.
  Mrs Wilson
  prefers to hide sad news   her nu-
merous
  relatives.
5.
  Johnny, do you
  think you have hidden    the
door? I
  can see you very well, dear.
6.
  How long is she
  going to support her children?
        think                      they should begin
  working.
7.
  I have always
  been curious  plants and animals
that
  live and grow in the ocean.
8.
  The doctor
  asked me not to breathe for several seconds and then to breathe
9.
  Actors usually
  make  before going on stage.
10.
  He is too far
  away. I can't make  what he is
saying.
11.     I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson
  but he made when he saw me.

3.
4.
96 5.
c
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

3.

My father told me that a nest with eggs

in it was
  one of the most things in the world.

beauty

4.

Once I found a nightingale's nest with

97

six small
  eggs in a place in the middle of the field. I thought

grass

it was                                          and                    of

danger,

the bird
  to build its nest on the ground.
But they always do it.

care

5.

During my early years I never had a
  mo-

ment's                                   or

unhappy,

6. The                                     where
  we lived was

ill; build

far from the part of the town.

centre

7. Once on a                              day
  in winter

snow

I saw a white hare running in front of me.

quick

8. My father was the most

wonder

      and                                     father
  any boy ever

excite

had. He was a wildly person. And he
  was a fantastic storyteller. My favourite story was "The Big

fun

Giant", or "The BFG for

friend

short".

98
c

22
23

9.
  I spent an morning
  in
the forest watching birds and listening to their singing.
10.
  Be  dear, the vase
you're
  holding is
Use the derivatives of the words on
  the right to complete
Dogs and
  fish make (1) fantastic pets. They have something in common but they
  are quite
                         (2)                                  Both
  are (3
 animals to
watch. Dogs
  like performing (4) tricks. They run and jump and follow you.
                          Bright,
  (5)                            (6)
fish are fun to
watch. They swim in their tanks and look just (7)
You
  can play with a dog. Dogs are
 (8)                          true friends. Fish are not.
On the
  other hand, fish are (9)
   and don't need any (10)       care.
A. English people often use word combinations with the What do you think
  they mean? Write their Russian Look them up to see if your guess was right.
1. I'm going to travel round the world. Oh, to earth, it's
  too expensive.

enjoy
care
break
the
  text.
fantasy
differ
wonder

usual

colour tropic
beauty
real expense
medicine
noun "earth equivalents down. come down

100

c

       photos. Where are (others/ the others)
 3.     Some        metals are magnetic          (others/
  the others)
 aren't, are they? 4. Can I have
  (another/other)  piece of cake, please? 5. We decided to (fly/ flow) to
  Paris, though the weather is not very
good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/ the others) that I'll be late. 7. This is my
  native (ground/ land)  and I love it. 8. The (land/ Earth) goes round the Sun, 9.
  It was autumn and the leaves were falling down onto the (ground/soil)  10. One
of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the other) ? 11. Don't believe her. She has
  made the whole story (off/up) 12. The (soil/ground)  near the coast is stony, not
  sandy. 13. Why
should you
  make (off/ up)  so heavily when you
go to
  school? It's not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out)
 with our television and stereo.
  15. It was very

noisy in the room and I
  couldn't make (off/out)  what the speaker was saying.

A. Rewrite the sentences using the
  pronouns from the box instead of those in the sentences.
1.
  Somebody has
  stolen my bike. Someone has stolen my bike.
2.
  Nobody will be
  able to do that.

a very strange sound a minute ago. 5. We
                never
(have known/ knew)                                      these facts. Can
you give us some details? 6.
This year they (have won/won) two gold medals. 7. I (haven't forgotten/
103
                didn't
forget)                                           your lie, and I will never
forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has
dreamt/dreamt)
to become a naturalist, but, you know, in
the end he (has become/became) a
journalist. 9. I (have made/made) coffee. Would
you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry,
dear, I (haven't
                 meant/didn't
mean)                                                to offend you.
              11.
Larry (has put/put)                                         the disk on the
desk a minute ago. Where is it now?
28
Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the sentences.
1.
Tree
kangaroos live in the New Guineal forests. Their tails are
longer than the         they, long
bodies.
2.
The
mountain forests of northwest America
                     have
the                   and the                          and          old, large
                 the                  trees
on the Earth.                              tall
3.
Some      of
birds and animals which species
live in the tundra all the year round
change colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls,
1 New
Guinea ['gmi] — H0Baq I'BVIHe51 (eocyôapcmgo)
snowshoe
rabbits, stoats l and arctic hares turn white in late autumn, and
they

change back to      summer colours in spring.

they

4. The                 you go up a
  mountain, the

high

it gets.
5. Different animals in the savannah eat different.
  Giraffes feed on branches high in

cold

        trees; antelopes feed on                    branches.

low

6. A desert is an area which has                  than
25 cm of rain, and very little plant life.

little

7. Many                            that
  live near the water

fish

surface2 are often blue, green or violet.

a stoat
  [stout] — ropHocrrañ a surface [k3:fis] — r10BepxHOCTb a

ropHocrraii

stoat [staut] —

8. Bamboo                in India, the Far
East and China. It is one of the

grow

growing plants,
height [halt] can be about 30 me

fast, it

tres.

105

9. The living thing on the Earth is the giant redwood tree,
  growing in the USA and Canada.

large

c

tree is 112 m high.

tall

This is much
  than the statue of Liberty in New York, which

tall

at 93 m.

stand

Complete the text using the appropriate forms of the
words on the
Part I
One day
my father came home and

(1) brought a small
  kitten                         with him.

bring

I

(2)                   name dad (3)                    was
  Major.
Major was
  just a skinny, mewing kitten with
a tail like a mouse's. In a few months he

it, say

fairly bigger and stronger. He

become

was really the (5)                                             cat
  in

brave

the block. When he (6)                                    in
  the

appear

yard, all othercats suddenly (7)

run

106

off.
  Every day Major (8)  our
house for
  several hours. I loved Major and
(9)  proud of my cat.
Part 11
One day my dad asked me, "You (1)  any changes in Major's behaviour?
  The cat (2)  with us for about a
year, but
  look, how fat he (3)
I agreed.
  Every day Major (4)
 (5)          and (6)                               And
  he
(7) much more. My dad smiled, "Probably (8) cat
  will end up the (9) cat in the town."
  One night 1 (10)                little strange
sounds,
  "Peep, peep." They (11) from my closet. It was the middle
  of the night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds
 (12)                             1 (13)                   up
  and loo-
ked into
  the closet. Boy, what I (14)
 there?         You won't believe,         but     there
(15)  Major and five tiny baby kittens.
Complete the sentences using the
  verbs in brackets in or in present perfect progressive.
1. It
  (snow) has been snowing all morning.
snowing. 2. It just (stop)

leave
be
notice
live become get
  fat, fat eat we big
hear come
not stop, get; see
be present perfect
And it
  is still
snowing.

107

Look, how

   beautiful       the trees are.            3. Jane (play)
volleyball
  professionally for several

years. 4.

I'm sorry
  I'm late. How long you (wait)
            ? 5. Where is Ann?               She
  is up-

stairs, cleaning her bedroom. She
(do)
                                            it
since morning. 6. I (read)                                                 c
the story up to the end. I can't say
I like it a
lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She
(plant)
flowers since 9 a.m. I don't know if
she (plant)
all of
them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What
on earth are you doing here?        I am trying to find an English-French-Spanish     Dictionary.         1       (look)
for it all morning. 9. My cousin
(learn)German for five years but

he can hardly speak
this language. 10. I (not see)

Albert for more than a month.
                  11. Ron (read)                                                       this
book for two
months. When do you think he will finish it?
Read the sentences and write in which of
them the action expressed by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and
where it is still going on (G).
1.     Justin has been playing the piano for
an hour already.
2.     My hands are dirty because I've been
planting flowers in our garden.
3.     I'm really tired, Chris. How long are
we going to stay in this shop?
We have been doing shopping since
morning.
4.     —
Why are your hands green?
I have been painting the benches in our
garden.
5.     You
have been working on the computer for 3 hours. Don't you think you need a
break?
108 6. Olga's sweater is too small for
her. She has been wearing it since she was ten.
7.      I
have been listening to you for half an hour but you haven't even begun
answering the question.
8.      The
children have been writing a test for nearly an hour. I hope they will finish
it soon.

Writing

Write greetings cards to your friends
and relatives. Social English Section can help you.
1.
It
is the 31st of December. You are writing to your parents.
o
0
0   0 M O o   0 M  o M O Happy New Year dear Mother and Father!
Your
son/daughter.
o
o              o
2.
Your
brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow.
                                 0                         O
e o M 0 M 0 M O                                                                                O
00
                                 o        o
3. It is the 8th of March.
You are writing to your Aunt Rachel.
                                                                                O         O          o
                                           O        o                                                                                o          O
o        O                                      O        o

112

= Listen to the text, @ (20), and decide which of these
  facts are true false (F) or not stated (NS) in it.
1.
  Ecological
  problems have become some of the most important now.
2.
  People all over
  the world are trying to solve this problem.
3.
  During
  the last two centuries the problem of pollution has become worse.
4.
  People are
  trying to keep their environment clean and beautiful.
5.
  Only big radical
  steps can help to protect our environment.
6.
  The text gives
  examples of only those rules that help to stop pollution.

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, @
  (21).

[Inesasri] [ritsponsabl] [pra'tekfn]                           fin 'vararnmant]      [bihervja]      [idæml(b]
  [werst]     [salvarv]        ['hæbltæt]
     [almAIJ]                                 [hnfluans]                             [pmsn]
       [dllsknmfat]                            [Ikist11Jkt]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check,
  (22).
a)
  nature,
  unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollution, disagree, enjoyment,
  law, member, dump, protect, factory, habitat, among, movement
b)
  between you and me, the beauties of
  nature, the problems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to pro- tect wildlife, to pollute the
  environment, to turn into a  rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible
  for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper
c)   I'd like to know more about the
  endangered species of animals living on our planet. Air pollution damages
  forests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world. What is necessary
  to save our environment? Everyone hates dishonest behaviour. Don't waste time,
  help Mother Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me.

There is
a great number of factories in this part of the city. By the way, I've taken
down everything you said. No one will help us if we don't help ourselves.
Read the text and say
which of the following is not mentioned in it.

Our planet
  is 4,600 million years old. Let's think of it as a person who is forty-six
  years old. We don't know

1 13

anything about the first

c

seven
years of this person's life. We also have very little information about the
next thirty-five years. It was only at the age of forty-two that plants began
to appear. Dinosaurs and great reptiles [ i reptallz] did not appear
until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five. Mammals only arrived eight
months ago. In the middle of last week apes became ape-like men and began to
communicate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice Age covered the Earth.
Modern man
has only lived on this planet for about four hours. During the last hour man
began to work on land grow plants and keep domestic animals. The Industrial
Revolution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds ago.
During
those sixty seconds of biological time, modern man has turned a lot of land
into a rubbish dump. In one minute he has killed hundreds of species of
animals. He has damaged the soil of his planet, cut down its forests. Now
modern man stands looking at the damage he has done to the planet like a child
stands looking at the toys he has broken. What step will he make next?
1.    The age of planet Earth.
2.    The period of time when there was no
life on the Earth.
3.    The period when life began to
develop.
4.    The activity of man on the Earth.
5.    The positive results of people's
activity.
6.    The negative results of people's
activity.
No.
Read the text and
complete the sentences after it.
Jason
Taylor is a sculptor. He has made underwater sculptures which attract corals.
This idea came to Jason when he was swimming in the Caribbean Sea and saw how
badly tourists damaged a coral reef. Then Jason thought about making underwater
parks of sculptures to attract swimmers. "That could give the real reef
time to recover," he says. Over the past twenty years we have lost about
40% of the planet's natural coral reefs. Scientists say we can lose 80% by the
year 2050. So Jason Taylor is trying to help our planet with his underwater
art. To make his sculptures he 114 uses special eco-friendly materials, like
limestone. They don't pollute the ocean and attract sea animals corals,
lobsters, crabs, and shrimps.
One of
the most famous of Taylor's underwater parks is in Mexico. There he has created
a large artificial reef whose size is 420 square metres. Among its 400
sculptures there is a copy of a car. Taylor used a car for his work to show
that cars pollute the air on our planet.
Divers
like Taylor's underwater parks very much. Every time they visit a park, it
looks a little different. "My sculptures change all the time," says
Jason. "And this is what I like best, the most wonderful part of my work.
One of my sculptures has grown long hair. Some underwater plant started growing
on its head and now it has long and beautiful hair."
1.

Jason Taylor began
making his underwater sculptures
a)
to attract more
divers to the Caribbean Sea
b)     to save the Caribbean Sea from
pollution
c)
to save the real
reefs from the divers
2.      Taylor's underwater parks are
a)
a kind of
underwater art gallery
b)     a home for sea creatures
c)
a good place to
learn to dive
3.      Taylor has created
a)
one big
underwater park in the Gulf of Mexico
b)     several underwater parks
c)
several large
underwater parks
4.      Taylor's underwater parks
a)
always develop
b)     change from time to time
c)
never change

                                 1.                                                           2.
                            3.                                                   4.

Read the text and mark the sentences as true (T), stated (NS).

Scientists say that Lake Baikal is the oldest lake on
  planet Earth. Usually lakes don't live longer than a million years but this
  wonderful lake is more than 25 million years old! For scientists it is a
  living laboratory of evolution.
Lake Baikal is also the deepest lake in the world, it is 1,637 metres
  deep from tom. With time the lake becomes wider and is a theory that Lake
  Baikal is the beginning ocean. The lake holds one-fifth of the planet's

false (F) or not

top to botdeeper. There of a new fresh water

115
c

and this
water is incredibly clean.
Lake
Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on the Earth. Everyone who has been
on its shores knows how unusual and how mighty it looks. The lake is very
difficult to describe: its clear waters change colours all the time. The snows
of Siberia come to Lake Baikal in early October. At the end of October ice
begins to appear on its surface. In winter the ice gets very thick — well over
a metre. (In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War they laid a railway across the
ice to carry guns to the front and the ice didn't break under its weight.) In
April the ice begins to turn into water and the lake becomes so large that
sailors and fishermen here talk of "going to sea".
The water in the lake is never warm.
In summer its temperature is about +12 degrees. But a lot of people still enjoy
swimming in it. They say swimming in the waters of the lake is good for their
health.
Lake
Baikal is a living museum of water plants and animals. About 1,500 species of
animals here are endemic. Endemic means that you cannot see them anywhere else
in the world. The -lake is rich in life. Its waters move vertically, carrying
oxygen to the very bottom, The lake still keeps a lot of secrets from people.
One great mystery about the lake is how nerpa, the Baikal seal, appeared in the
lake which is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean, and made the lake its
habitat.
The
lake lies among beautiful mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore
and the taiga belong to a national park. The greatest problem here is to keep
all this natural
beauty and protect the lake from
pollution. Every year the lake attracts more and more tourists, so the task is
not at all easy.
1.    Lake Baikal can help people to
understand how life developed on our planet.
2.    The size of the lake changes with
time. 116
3.    The water in the lake is very clean
but cold, c so people don't swim in it.
4.    The lake has a number of islands     big
and small.
5.    The lake's flora and fauna make it
unique.
6.    Some ocean animals live in the lake.
7.

Now people are thinking of
organizing the first national park on the shores of the lake.
Speak about why environmental problems
have become some of the most important nowadays. Mention the possible results
of:
: air,
water and soil pollution;  global warming; cutting down forests;  extinction of plants and animals.
 Speak about why we can solve ecological
problems only if we work together. Mention:
international cooperation;  ecological societies; what everyone can do to help protect nature.
 Say as much as you can about protecting
wildlife. Use some of the following words and phrases:
•
extinct,
endangered and protected species;  plants and animals;  can't protect themselves;  damage their natural habitat;  disappear from the face of the planet;
 climatic changes make the problem more serious; study the problem;  cooperate with scientists from other
countries;
1
 make necessary national and international laws;  make international agreements;
•
be responsible for
one's actions; help to survive.
 Continue
the dialogue and act it out.
I say, is it true that you've just
come back from India?117
Yes, it is. It's been a fantastic
journey.c I bet l ! But why India?
I've always been interested in this country and its culture. India is
also a place of great natural beauty with its high mountains, mighty rivers and
thick forests.
And what is your greatest impression?
It's difficult to say. Let me think... Maybe the Jog Falls on the
Sharavathi River. This place is situated among wooded mountains and it is
incredibly beautiful.

I've never heard of it. Is it a big waterfall?
One of the largest in India. It has four cascades of water that fall
across a rock wall.
Wow! What else makes the place so special?
It's a home to many species of plants and animals. By the way, the place
is becoming more and more popular with tourists.
Do you think they will keep the place unpolluted?
How can they do it?
Yes, you're right.
Complete
the dialogue and act it out.
Look, do you always cycle to school?
I try to. (1)
I know that the bicycle is the most eco-friendly transport but (2)

                           1 | bet! —
Mory ceõe rrpewraBHTb!
It's no problem. I just put on warm or
waterproof clothes. By the way, there are countries where millions of people
use bikes to get to offices, universities and schools.
(3)
Holland is a very good example. The country
is successfully solving the problem of air pollution.
118
Well, we all know how badly cars and buses
pollute the c
air. If people don't use them, they will
cut down on pollution.
I'll think about it. Maybe (5)
13 Read the text and complete the story.

People in the UK think more and more about how our diet
can damage the environment. Are you surprised? Do you want to know how it can
happen? It's very simple. Lots and lots of airplanes, vans and lorries bring
food to our towns and cities where shops and supermarkets sell it. For example,
meat may come from New Zealand, tomatoes from Spain and apples from France.
This
means that airplanes, vans and lorries burn fuel and pollute the air. People
can try to cut down on pollution by eating more local foods. The idea is to eat
90 per cent of our diet from the country where we live. It is better for our
health and for the health of our planet.
This may be an example of a healthy menu for the place
where I live.
Breakfast:
Lunch:
Dinner:
Tea:
These
words belong to Albert Einstein. Comment on them.
:
Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.
•
I
never think of the future comes soon enough.

see with their eyes their minds.

and
  think with

1 19
A. Einstein
c

•
Small is the number of people who
Spell
these words.
1.
['rnfluans]     influence  10. ['fæktri] '2.
[P3.•sn]       11. [saivarv]
3.
[Ineseseri]
     12. ['hæbltæt]
4.
[imu:vmant]
            13. [pollu:Jn]
5.

[tnzymba]
     14. [In 'cbnrmant]
6.
['stAdi]
          15. [IneltSê]
7.
[In
tvalaranmant]16. [r/sponsrbl]
8.
17. ['memba]
9.
    18. [praltekSn]
Complete
the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
 1.
The teacher thanked his pupils for their good behaviour during the school trip.
behave
2.
Nobody
thought about the    comfort
of living in a tent.
3.
The
child ran to his mother for    protect
4.
The
latest      s in science of-   develop
ten surprise us.
5.
The animal
turned with a quickmove
6.

Everyone would like
to live in an  pollute  world with clean air and clear

120

water.

c

7. It was dark and the road looked

danger

8. She was about her age because she wanted to get that
  job.

 honest

9. Mr Griffin is one of the most men in his country.

power

10. Alice and Diana     about
  everything.

agree

11.
  Wild animals
  are happier in their habitat than in a zoo.
12.
  Her story
  didn't sound true, we all

nature

it.

believe

13. I didn't get any real

enjoy

from the
game.
 Complete the text with the derivatives
of the words on the right.

Christmas is the time of (1)
  happiness and

happy

(2)                                           but it's not
  a good
time for
  everyone. Take turkeys, for example. Every year millions of turkeys end up on
  a dinner table. But not Lofty. Lofty is

enj oy

bird. He was born on

luck

121
c

122

4.
  He will help
  you if you  him well.
5.
   of few words are the best
6.      My friend's hobby is collecting
  coins, he  them for a long time.
7.
  Everyone wants
  to live
        and have a                                    life.
my
  homework when my cousin
called to
  invite me to the skating rink.
9.
  It isn't a new
  backpack, 1      it
since
  last year.
10.They say that Scotland has the
  number of people with red hair in the
world.
Complete the text with
  the appropriate forms of the right.
Ants (1)
  have been on planet Earth for
  more than 140 (2)                                 years,
 (3)                              than dinosaurs. All ants
live in
  colonies but there are surprising differences in their way of life and their
  hab-
         its. One of the (4)                                                           kinds
of ants is the "army
  ant". These ants go

ask
man
man
collect long
do
have
high
words on
  the
be
million long
interesting

mean

out in armies of many (5)
They kill and eat anything in their way: insects, snakes,
  lizards, birds... Now you may
ask,
  "How can a little insect like the ant kill and eat everything in its
  way?" Well,

thousand

123

there are so
  many of (6) and if the creature (7)

they
not run

c

away, the
  army ants (8)
even if it's a crocodile.

it,

kill

Some army ants make black

ants work

for

them just like slaves. If

you ever

(9)

a colony of

army ants,

be

meet

careful! (10)

ants will

at-

this

tack any living creature

and yes, that

(11)                                    you
too!
Match
the words with their descriptions.

                     1. extinct             a)
stay alive, not to die

2.

habitat

b) make dirty

3.

waste

c) put in danger

4.

pollute

d) the
    natural home of an animal or plant

5.

survive

e) the conditions in which a
    person or an

6.

dump

animal lives

7.

endanger

f) no longer living

8.

environ-

g) the physical world around us

ment

h) throw away rubbish

9.

protect

i) useless material

10.

nature

j) defend from danger, keep safe

1.

2.

           3.                4,                5.

6.

7.

          8.                9.                10.

                   that last night
the fire                          several buildings. 7. Is
                 it                                to
have a visa to go to this country?
8.
The weather often      us:
we usually feel bet-
ter when
the sun is shining and the sky is cloudless.
9.
We'll make one
person        for buying the food.   125
10.
She  the milk
into a bowl and left the
bowl at the door. 11. Give yourself time to the problem carefully. 12. He
gave me this book in
for my help.
Complete the
sentences with the right prepositions where necessary.
1. We had a number Of ideas about how to spend our holidays. 2. My
parents' words always had a great influence me. 3. It's really necessary her to
spend
more time with her friends. 4. It's very bad that some factories pollute
the environment. 5. Please pour some hot water my mug. 6. To stay here any
longer will
                      be a waste                         time.
7. When I first read the book, it
                      didn't
influence                             me at all. 8. Jack is a member
our
ecological society. 9. The house stood in the
forest the green trees. 10. How can we save our planet danger? 11. We are
all responsible
the work
we are doing. 12. I'll tell you the truth but it
                 must be                    you
and me. 13. In this street there are
two food shops and a cinema between. 14. I've lost my way again; it
happens me every time I come to
a new
place.
I
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete
these sentences.
                                A.                1.
We agreed to meet (among/between) between
2 0'clock and 2:30. 2. She divided the work (among/between) all the
pupils in the class. 3. The twins di-
126
vided
the chocolate (among/between) them. c 4. I want to tell you something but it's
(among/between) you and me. 5. The house stood (among/between) the trees in the
middle of the little grove.
                                          1.
I quickly took (in/down)                        her name and ad-
dress.
2. That day I felt unwell and couldn't take (in/down) what the teacher was
saying. 3. The plane took (off/ up) for Rome at 9:30. 4. He has taken (off/ up)
the piano. 5. It's good manners to take (down/off) your hat when you enter a
house.
6. There
are a number of simple rules that I hope you'll take (up/in) 7. My brother took
(up/ in)
painting only a year ago but he can already paint very well.
Complete this table of pronouns.
1
                                  you                                                yourself
                                  he                        him
she it         it we ourselves
you they

                             the
school building, prepare                            for hard work.
8. Our parents were ready to help us, but we
decided to do everything 9. The film is brilliant, I'm sure you'll enjoy girls.
10. I'm leaving you for just one
128
minute, George. I hope you will behave
11. This time the boys made a fire and
put up the tent all
                           by                          12.
We                         didn't take part in the
match, we just watched it.
28
Complete
the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns where necessary.
1. There are many tasty things on the table.
Help yourself l ! 2. Children should know how to behave in public.
3. Did you and your friends enjoy at the picnic yesterday? 4. My little brother
likes to hide somewhere in the house and ask us to find him, it's his favourite
game. 5. Don't ask me, I have no
                                   idea
about it                                     6. The girls bought
beautiful scarves and were very happy. 7. How is
                                         your
head? How are you feeling                                    now?
8.
You'll
get a nice present if you behave
9.
Dress
quickly, we must leave the house in ten minutes not to be late. 10. It was very
pleasant to
                           bathe                                   in
the river on a hot summer day.
11. My brother made the model of the ship
Help
yourself! — Y1'01-gañcfl!
with his own hands. 12. Young children
shouldn't live by somebody must look after them. 13. Every morning I make tea
for my parents and
29
Use
few, a few, little, a little to complete the sentences.
129 1. There are few people who know the
truth about those events. 2. I'm sorry to say there's we can do to c help him
now. 3. I have books that you may borrow, they will help you with your project.
4. Is there any
                      soup
left?           Yes,                           5. He lives on his own and
friends visit him nowadays. 6. We hope
our team will win: there are really good players in it.
7.
It's
a very difficult question, may I think
8.
I'm
afraid, we have information about the expedition. 9. May I have hot water to
make a cup of tea, please? 10. I have nothing to say, but I have questions I'd
like to ask. 11. There's milk in the bottle, you may have it if you want. 12.
of you are old enough to travel on your own. Ask your parent to accompany you.
30 Choose the
appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.
1.
Jack
b money for a long time; he enough to buy a new bike.
a)
has
saved b) has been saving
2.
The
Smiths      the farm since the 1950s.
a)
have
owned          b) have been owning
3.   Margo    since she was a little girl.
Nowadays she
does it professionally.
a)
has sung b) has
been singing
4.   Don        to become an ecologist and
protect nature.
130
a)
has always
wanted b) has always been wanting
c
5.   We Russian for many years but we
often find the spelling of some Russian words difficult.
a)     have learned       b) have been
learning
6.   Becky    pets, now she has a number
of them.

        a) has always loved             b) has always been
  loving
7.
  Come and have
  tea with us, I        a cup for you.
a)
  have poured         b)
  have been pouring
8.
  People about
  the problem of pollution for more than a hundred years.
a)
  have known         b)
  have been knowing
9.
  A number of
  good books  a great influence on me.
a)
  have had b)
  have been having
10.   The flat looks so nice.
a) Have
  you cleaned b) Have you been cleaning
Use present perfect or
  present perfect progressive of the verbs in brackets to complete the
  sentences.
1.
  They (be) have
  been friends for many years and are very devoted to each other.
2.
  We (not play)      this game for a long
time, I don't remember its rules well.

3.
What
are you laughing at? What (I say)

4. Jane looks tired, I
  think she (work) the garden.

in

5.
  This author (write)                                        children's books

for

many years, a lot of
  people know and read them.

131

6.
  What (influence) your decision to come an engineer?
7.
  Scientists at home and abroad (study) the problems of
  ecology for many years now.

c
be-

8.
  The family (live)                                        at the seaside since
  af-

ter the war.

9.
  I (know)                                        Peter since we went to school

together.
10.
A
number of old trees are lying on the ground. It's clear that a very strong wind
(blow)
11.
The
young people (not meet) for two
years and are happy to see each other again.
12.
She'd
like to travel about Russia. She (have) this idea since she first saw Lake
Baikal.

-Writing

32 Read the text and write 6 questions you
could ask about the giant flower.
The largest flower in the world is Rafflesia. It can be 1
metre wide and weighs 10 kilograms! But it smells very unpleasant.

Hi! It's been a long time since I wrote to you. Sorry. In fact, I've
  been away on a school trip to one of the national parks. We stayed there
  three days sleeping in guest houses and walking about a lot. I've always been
  interested in wildlife so I quite enjoyed myself. I can say that I saw a
  number of interesting animals and learned some important things.

1. Sea snakes can dive 100 metres deep and stay under
water for up to 5 hours. Some of them can swim at the
                                      rate
of 1 metre per second. 2.                  can jump
5.5 metres up into a tree. 3.  can
jump 134 over obstacles as high as 3 metres. Using their powerful
c
hind legs, they can travel as far as 9 metres
in one huge
                                 leap.
4.                                          can swim faster than a cheetah
can run. Its top speed is 109 kilometres per
hour.
                                5.                                           sometimes
leap straight into the air
from the tree tops to catch insects. These
leaps may be up to 60 metres. 6. can climb incredibly steep
slopes, jump from rock to rock and leap
across dangerous
                           ravines.
7.                                         are fairly large animals but
they are extremely acrobatic. They can move
through the trees faster than a man can walk on the ground. They can also walk
along small branches high up in the air.
36 Here are three computer jokes mixed up.
Put the lines (a—f) in the appropriate order.
a)
It
left its Windows open.
b)
Data.
c)
Made
a website.
d)
Why
was the computer cold?
e)
What
does a baby computer call its father?
f)
What
did the spider do on the computer?
                               Joke
1                          Joke 2                              Joke 3

1.
1. 1.
2.
2.  2.

Read

[len9]

[autbi:s]

[medsn]

[pelSnt]

[prllskralbl

[ha:mfl]

['Jaolda]

[9raot]

['hederk]

137

[rr'knva]

['rarerk]

[to:lmaust]

[istnmak]

[ISWDlao]

Read the words in transcriptions,
then listen and check,            (25).

c

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then
listen and check, (26).
a)   weakness, quickly, weigh, cough,
enough, lung, sneeze, ankle, painful, knee, weight, freshness, stomach, hardly,
wrist
b)   a sore throat, a heart attack, to
prescribe a medicine, to catch a cold, to do somebody harm, junk food, to come
down with a cold, a medicine for a weak heart, to recover from earache
c)   Has the doctor prescribed you
anything for your earache? It really hurts me to swallow. Jack is recovering
from a bad cold. Fast food can do a lot of harm to your health. They took Anna
with stomachache. We hope you'll recover soon. If you have toothache, go to
your dentist. Jill tries to control her weight. Take this medicine for your
cough. What can cure him of this disease?
Read the texts (1—5) and match them with the titles
(a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.
a)     The Food from Abroad
b)     The First Meal of the Day
c)     Fast Food in Britain
d)     Very Popular British Food
e)     Typical Food at Different Times of
the Day
f)       Places to Have Meals
1.  Some people like "to go to work
on an egg" — they eat an egg for breakfast before going to work. But many
more breakfast on cornflakes while others have toast with butter and marmalade.
And, whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee.
2.  And where do people eat their food
when they are at home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the kitchen.
They may eat dinner in the kitchen, in the dining room or the living room,
often in front of the television. The British often have lunch at school or
work.
3.  Some people have their biggest meal in
the middle of the day, some have it in the evening. The traditional meal is
meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are chicken, beef (from a cow),
pork (from a pig) and lamb (from a young sheep). Vegetables grown in Britain,
like potatoes, carrots, peas, and cabbage are very popular, but today you can
buy vegetables from many countries all 138 through the year. Traditional
British meals are sausages, beans l and mashed potat02 ,
stew (meat cooked with lots c of vegetables), and the Sunday roast.
4.  Potatoes first came from South
America. Farmers in Peru grew them from the 13th century on, and then the
Spanish brought them to Europe in the mid-16th century. In the 17th century
potatoes appeared in Britain. Potatoes are one of the most important foods in
the British diet and today the British grow six million tons of potatoes every
year. Some potatoes have red skins, some white. Sometimes people eat them with
the skin, sometimes without. There are many different ways of cooking them.
5.  Ice cream appeared in the country in
the 1920s. People sold it from bicycles in the streets. Ice cream sellers
shouted, "Stop me and buy one!" They rode around the streets playing
music, people ran out and bought some ice cream. Nowadays ice cream has become
very popular. People often eat it in cinemas and theatres in summer and in
winter as a snack or as a dessert after the main dish, for example with a piece
of hot apple pie.
                           1.                           2.                           3.
                       4.                       5.                       Extra
Read the text and complete the sentences
after it.
"Today's newspaper is tomorrow's fish and chips wrapper3 ,
" people said it in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why?
Because many years ago sellers packed fish and chips in newspaper to keep them
warm. This does not happen any more, for health rea-
1
a bean [bi:n] — 606
2
mashed potato [,mæSt pa l tertau] —
KapT0(ÞeJ1bHoe mope a wrapper [iræpa] — 06ëprroqHaq
6YMara
sons, but
fish and chips is still Britain's most favourite fast food.
Fish and
chips appeared in the streets of London and other cities in the 1850s, and the
first shops to sell them in the 1860s. The most popular kind of fish is cod l
but other kinds of white fish are also possible. They cook fish in hot
fat2 and eat it with chips on which people put salt or tomato sauce.
Some people eat bread and butter with their fish and chips.
Fish and
chips is very popular with holidaymakers at the seaside, even if the weather is
so cold that they have to eat them sitting in their cars! Sometimes people
choose fish and chips at the weekend as a change from cooking at home.
A
favourite snack (quick food between meals) in Britain is the baked potato, or
"potato in its jacket", which is a potato cooked with the skin left
on it. "Potatoes in the jackets" have butter, cheese or beans on top.
You can buy many other kinds of hot fast food today, for example burgers3 and
fried chicken from the USA, pizza from Italy, and kebabs [kl t bæbz]
from the Middle East. You may choose either to "eat in" or "take
away".
Sandwiches
(either bought or home-made) make a quick lunch and are also very popular. It
is easy to take them to school or work. The word "sandwich" comes
from a man John Montagu [ I montagju:]. He was the fourth Ear14
of Sandwich and lived in the eighteenth century in the English town of
Sandwich. He liked to play games at the table for a long time without stopping
for a meal. So his cook put some beef5 between two pieces of bread
and made the first sandwich.
1
cod [kDd] — rrpecRa
2
fat [fæt] —
'Rup
3
a burger ['bg:ga]
— 6yprep
4
an earl [3:11 —
rpacþ
5
beef [bi:f] —
1'0BflAHHa

139
c

1.
The British do
not sell fish and chips in newspaper any
more because
a)     it can't keep them warm for long
b)     it is not a fashionable kind of
wrapper
c)     it can be dangerous for people
2.
Fish and chips
appeared first
a) in London and then in other cities of Britain c b) in some
cities of Britain and then in its capital
c) in
British cities in the middle of the 19th century
3.
Fish and chips is
a)     as popular with the British as
"potato in its jacket"
b)     more popular with the British than
"potato in its jacket"
c)     less popular with the British than
"potato in its jacket"
4.
invented
sandwiches in the 18th century.
a)     John Montagu, the fourth Earl of
Sandwich
b)     John Montagu's cook
c)     The people of the English town of
Sandwich
                       1.                                                 2.
                       3.                                                 4.
Read the text and complete it with the
following phrases (a—g).
a)      gas and electricity came into
people's houses
b)     harder to find and usually expensive
c)      for example some sugars and fats
d)     an island between the North Sea and
the Atlantic Ocean
e)      in Britain in the middle of the 20th
century
f)       from the eleventh to the fifteenth
century
g)     can buy everything under one roof
Britain is
(1) For those who live near the sea, fish and shellfish have always been
important. Before people had fridges to keep food cold and fresh, they started
to keep fish from going bad by salting, drying or smoking it. One thing which
has changed is the way some people think about some foods. For example,
shellfish l like oysters were
shellfish [iJellfiJ] — MOJIJIIOCK
fairly
cheap and quite ordinary. They were popular with poor people because anyone
could go to a beach and pick

them up, for free. Today they are (2) They have become special.
In older days those who lived away from the sea first ate

wild animals, but then they began keeping sheep, cows and
  chickens on farms. Farmers grew fruit and vegetables. Dur-

141

ing the Middle Ages, (3) ships brought sugar, nuts and things from far
  away. When sailors went to foreign places, they brought back more kinds of
  food. At first only rich people could buy the things brought from overseas,
  but slowly they became cheaper and easier to find.
When (4) ,
  cooking became much easier. Thanks to fridges and freezers people could keep
  food much longer.
The diet of many British people is quite different to that of their
  parents. Today we eat bananas and oranges and can buy them all the year round
  but it was very difficult
to find them (5) Nowadays we have many more foods to choose from and new
  ways to cook them, like microwave ovens. But we have less time for shopping
  and cooking.
These days we drive to supermarkets where we (6)
Some forty years ago people walked to their nearest
  shops almost every day. They went to the baker's for bread, to the butcher's for
  meat, to the greengrocer's for fruit and vegetables and so on.
We also know
  more about health and the body today. Children grow up learning that some
  foods are good for us
while others,
  (7) are bad. Some people have tries to change their diet to eat healthier
  food and most shopping centres have health food shops which sell lots of
  different natural foods. Some people, called vegetarians choose not to eat
  meat at all.
1.                       2.                       3.                      4.

c

5.                       6.                       7.

Speaking

Speak about the things that can help people
to live healthy. Use the following word combinations.

• to be physically active

• to sleep enough time

to take a lot of exercise

• not to watch television a

to
  do morning exercises

lot

to join a sports club

•
  not to spend hours before

c

• to go to the swimming

the computer

pool

to
  keep to a healthy diet

•
  to go to the gym regu-

•e
  to say no to harmful hab-

larly

its

e to spend much time outdoors
Say what it means to lead a healthy life.
Mention the following:
healthy lifestyle;
•
healthy
eating habits; appropriate time to spend on work and relaxation;
•
no
to harmful ways.
10 Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and
act it out.
Well, what seems to be the problem?
Rob:
(1) I think I have a sore throat doctor.
So, it hurts to swallow, doesn't it?
(2)
I practically can't eat.
Open your mouth wide. I would like (3)
well, it's rather red.
doctor?

of-
English—

Spell the words.

1.
  [welt] — weight

9. [kDfi

2. [lg i
  zærnžn]

10. [nst]

3.
  ['kvwkli] c

11.
  [ni:] —

4. [ao'bi:s]

12. [priskralb]

5. [1 nnf]

13.
  [liarelkl

6. [isthmak]

14.
  [sni:z]

7. ['Jouldo]

15.
  [medsn]

8. [Oraut]

16.
  [hen

13 Use the new words from the box to complete
the sentences.
ankle,
pain, cure, heart, meal, prescribe, swallow, sneezing, habit, coughing,
toothache, weight, wrist
1. Do you usually eat at home or go out for a
meal in the evening? 2. I think you should give up your harmful —s. 3. Doctor,
can you something
for my pain in the left side? 4. How long
have you been like that? And how long have you been smoking? 5. When you have a
, you should go and
see a dentist. 6. I have had a cold since Monday. Can you

me of it, doctor?
cold. I am coughing and running a high temperature.
view, she should put on throat. She
  says it hurts her

7.
  l am coming down with a
and
  I think I am
8.
  Lily is too thin. In my
9.
  Betsy has a sore
to                                 10.
  Brenda

has a weak                                   Yesterday she
had a strong
in it
and they took her to hospital. 11. Russian-speaking people never say they wear
watches on their
12. I
fell and have twisted l my left
145
Use
the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.
for, of,
in, with, by, to, from, up, on, off, down
1.
Larry is slowly
recovering from his bad cold.
2.
Well, what's the
menu? 3. Smoking and taking drugs are dangerous people's health. 4. The weight
the box was about three pounds, less than one kilogram and a half. 5. Rebecca
has been studying medicine four years. 6. Phil says he has a strong pain his
right side. 7. I would like to cure you your bad cough. First of all you should
give smoking. 8. What medicine has the doctor prescribed your sore throat? 9. I
am not sure I like Paul very much. He always walks his nose the air. 10. Chris
is taking this medicine his earache. 11. Don't eat too much pizza. You will put
weight.                   the way,
pizza is low                   vitamins.
12. Our football team brought the opponents their knees. 13. Little Rick
is really a pain the neck.
1 to twist — BblBHXHYTb

2.
People should get rid l of their

habits.

harm

148

3. The was not easy but now the patient is recovering.

operate

          4. It is                        to
  eat so much sugar.

danger

c

5. John is a student of a   college.

medicine

         6. Lucy's                        is
  not very serious

ill

but it is very

pleasant

           7. The                              of the
  football field is
110 metres.

long

            8. The atmosphere was                             nice.

real

               We could see                            and

please,

faces everywhere.

smile

9. Doctors have little about this disease.

inform

10. The air in the room was

smoke

not
fresh at all.

 Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.
A healthier and happier
lifestyle is within reach of everyone. You (1) Simply simple
to get rid — H3ÕaBHTbCfl

follow
  should sensiblel and easy rules. To enjoy a high level of
                                (2)                            it
  is important to
eat adequate food, have enough rest and (3)
                                        Every (4)                                        person
needs to do morning exercises and
 exercise to keep fit. Then you
  will improve
the work of your lungs, heart and blood

well
relax health
regular physical

149
c

            (7)                              (8)                            speak-        circulate,
ing,
aerobic exercises may give you very general good results.
Rewrite the sentences using the phrases from the box .

a real pain in the neck, has got a
heart of gold, have her finger in every pie, walks with his nose in the air, a
good head on his shoulders, eyes bigger than his stomach, to bring the country
to its knees

1.      She will do anything for anyone. She
is extremely kind and helpful. She has got a heart of gold.
2.      My little sister won't leave me
alone. She is really a big problem.
3.      John is full of self-importance. He
is absolutely sure that he is better than other people.
4.      When my little cousin comes to me, he
always says he will eat everything that he can see on the table.

1 sensible ['sensabl] — pa3YMHb1ii

9.
I didn't have so
much time because I had to finish the project.
10.     Bruce spoke loudly for everybody to
hear his words.
151

Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word

what.

c

1.
  How healthy the
  teenager        What ager!
2.
  How harmful
  your habits are!
3.
  How quick the
  worker is!
4.
  How hard these
  jobs are!
5.
  How bitter l
  the medicine is!
6.
  How long our
  meals are!
7.
  How boring the
  meeting was!
8.
  How dangerous
  the operation is!

a healthy

teen-

Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word how.

1.
  What a clever
  answer it is!     HOW clever swer
2.
  What slow
  runners they are!
3.
  What a quick
  meal it was!
4.
  What a long
  recovery it was!
5.
  What a bad
  cough you are having!
6.
  What fine
  weather we are having!
7.
  What a powerful
  river the Volga is!

the

an-

8. What
tasty dessert we had!
1 bitter ['bita] — ropbKHii

took) off with my mobile. 5. The film was very interesting and I
(gave/stayed) up till 2 a.m. in the morning. 6. I can't (give/make ) out what
she is
trying
to explain. 7. Haven't you finished the job (yet/still)
? 8.
The damage to Emma's health was (such/so) 155 big! 9. The (sick/ill) boy lay on
the sofa.
            10. Every winter she
(comes/gets)                         down with the
cold. 11. Ellie has been cleaning the flat for two hours and she is (yet/
still) busy. 12. After the operation the patient could (hard/ hardly) move. 13.
Don't forget to (weigh/weight ) your bags at the airport.
Choose
the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1.
My sister and me
(think/ thinks) think that dailyl exer-
        cise (is/are)                                  very
important for people.
2.
The number of
obese people in America (is/are) growing. 3. Mary (will play/play)

the piano at the party. 4. How

long have your parents

(had/been having)

this farm? 5. We (lis-

tened/were listening)

to the
  piano pieces

by Bach at that time yesterday. 6.

Jenny is very tired. She

(has washed/ has been washing)

since noon.

7. I (know/ have known)

Peter all my life.

             8. We always (wanted/
have wanted)                                          to
1 daily ['delli] — e'KeAHeBHb1ii

156
c

          come     to             London. And now we (came/
  have             come)
here! 9.
  Greg (has not bought/ has not
been buying) any vegetables yet. 10. When Emma (will come/comes) we
  (will discuss/ discuss) all the details. 11. Mum, the doctor (has not
  come/did not come) yet.
          12. Anna (has been/is)                                a
  member of this
club for
  several years.
30 Use the appropriate forms of the
  verbs in brackets to complete the story.

Long ago the land of Norway was a
  Viking l land. The Vikings (be) (1) were strong brave people. Olaf
  the Strong was a Viking. He (have) (2)
              a son Sigurd.
The father (teach) (3) the son to swim and ride horses. At the age of
  three Sigurd could swim, at the age

                                     of
  five he (learn) (4)                        to ride.
                                           Olaf
  (feel)      (5)                              proud of his
                                               son.
  Sigurd's mother was a wonderful sto-
                                    ryteller        and        she        often        (tell)
                                   (6)                           her
  children interesting
tales about the birds and animals of their

1 a Viking— BHKHHI'

       land.        Sometimes         Sigurd's          father         (speak)         (7)
to the children before they (go) (8) to
bed in the evening. The children (sit) (9)
on the benches       and (listen)         (10)
about their father's travels to strange        157 lands. The lands (have) (11)  such
wonderful
names...
Use the appropriate forms of the words
on the right to complete the letter.
Dear Rachel,

1
  (1) am writing to you to say that the

write

things
  (2)                                  a bit better. Yesterday

get

the
  doctor           (3)

                     and        (4)

come

that
  he

(5)

say,

my
  cough. He prescribed

some medicine for

not like

it and (6) milk with honey.

me to drink hot

tell

Rachel,
  1 (7)

this doctor all

know

my life, I think. He is

absolutely
  sure that

the
  (8)

thing for any dis-

good

ease
  is milk and honey.

I hate drinking hot

milk,
  and I (9)

it.
  1 (10)

not
  do

in bed since

Tuesday, practically

lie

unable to do anything. I never (11) like this before. I
  don 't know what

be

(12)                                     to
  me, but I hope the

happen

00 e @ • @
See if you know the
right answer. [10]
1.     Of all the bones in the human body,
where is the small-
             a) wrist            b)
ear          c) ankle         d) lips
159
2.     Who invented the thermometer?
zaah
     a) Galileo             b)
Faraday             c) Edison                d) Copernik
3.     How many bones are there in the human
body?
a)      106    b) 206        c) 306        d)
none of the above
4.     Which specialist is a children's
doctor?
a)      neurologist b) radiologist
          c) dermatologist           d)
pediatrician
5.     Which of these diseases doesn't start
because of a virus?
a)      a common cold b) hepatitis
            c) poliomyelitis                d)
malaria
The
right answers are: 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d.
Here are two jokes
mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a)    ''NNTell, every time mother talks
about the wedding father says: "Poor man."
b)   "Why?"
c)    (returning): "She said to tell
you it was none of your business. "
d)   "Is the man your sister is going
to marry rich?"
e)    "Jimmy, run over and see how old
Mrs Smith is this morning?"
f)     "Why? What on earth did you ask
her?"
g)   "I don't think so."
h)   "Just what you told me. I said
you wanted to know how old she was."
160

В Е Р Т
  И К А Л Ь
Учебно-методический комплекс
О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
Английский язык
5  класс
О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
Английский язык
6  класс
О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
Английский язык
7  класс
О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
Английский язык
8  класс
О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
Английский язык
9  КЈ№СС
lSBN 978-5-358-14677-8

Учебник рекомендован Министерством образования и науки РФ
К каждому курсу выпускаются
рабочая программа
        учебник
рабочая тетрадь для учащихся
книга для учителя
диагностические
  работы

лексико-грамматический
  практикум
электронное приложение на www.drofa.ru и аудиоприложение

методическая поддержка на www.drofa.ru

        Е.

[1] a blackberry [blækbari]
— effceBHKa

[2] an eggplant [ l egpla:nt]
—

[3] a pineapple ['pamæpl]
— aHaHac

[4] a booth [bu:ð] — õyažca

[5] pricey ['pražsi] — Aoporoii

[6]
visible [ luzobl] — BHAHMb1ii invisible [Inluzabl]
— HeBHAHMb1ii

[7] to wind up [ twayndnp] — 1104BOAHTb
(o vacax)

[8] to wind up — 3ð.: 3aKaHt1HBarrb

[9] an essay [ teser] —

[10] See the answers on
page 159.

file_name: рабтетрадь7класс.pdf

alt: О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева,

alt: АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Р АБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ

alt: Contents Unit

alt: V. Writing .. 79

alt: Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don't they? 2

alt: Tracy: OK. (7) At three o'clock

alt: Learn to walk before you run. 12

alt: All my are my good friends. 11

alt: My jeans (is/ are) a bit too long

alt: What was Lily's mark the last test? 6

alt: TV shows. 5. Never (tell/say) lies

alt: UJ KOJ1bHb1ÿ1 ABOP 2. schoolkid 3

alt: When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to 6

alt: Fun <ÖêOž 36 See if you know the right answer 2

alt: order. sheep?" e) "Me!"

alt: U n it f byo The Language of the

alt: Here are some of them. irk ng

alt: There is no egg in eggplant [1] , no grape in grapefruit, and enno room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple [2] ,…

alt: Why is it that the Sun or the

alt: Speak about how English developed

alt: I:vn] 5

intro: Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс УМК  "Rainbow English"

английский язык

group: Дисциплины

title: Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.