 by the Spanish in Cuba, by the British in what is now South Africa during the Anglo-Boer War, with tens of thousands of captives dying in the disease-ridden enclosures. And they were also used by the Germans before the Nazis came to power in Germany's African colonies, just 25 years before the Nazis rose to power. In fact, the event widely understood as the first genocide of the 20th century took place in what is now Namibia,