 and formed Hezbollah, with the decree of the Islamic Jihad supported by the spiritual guidance of Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadallah. The war was horrific on the civilian population, over 19,000 dead and 30,000 wounded. These are low estimates which underestimate the real bloodletting. Israel was also accused of many atrocities that had been documented, including the use of cluster bombs, white phosphorus, and the bombing of hospitals.