 But the idea has been extended to include protection for fundamental rights. That's the 14th and 5th Amendments. The 5th Amendment is a limit on the federal government. The 14th is a limit on the states. The 10th Amendment protects powers reserved to state governments. The Bill of Rights. The first eight amendments provide specific rights, like free speech from federal government, followed by the 9th and 10th Amendments. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.