 per gallon of water, and paint it on the trunk. The orange oil seeps in, absorbs into the trunk, and will kill active borers. It's terrific how well it works. And then the next thing is pull the soil away from the base of the tree if it's too deep in the ground. If it's coming out of the ground like you stuck a post in the ground, it's way too deep in the ground. You need to pull the soil away.