 and buses. They have to get by in the heat if they can. And it should be pointed out that heat-related deaths have happened at Hajj for many hundreds of years, but conditions this year were described as unprecedented. And the whole Hajj, like the other voluntary pilgrimage, the Umrah, involves plenty of rituals held outdoors in the heat under the sun. There's the Tawaf, for example, the repeated walking around the holy stone building known as the Kaaba in the centre of the Al-Haram Mosque.