text: The Chakavian dialect is divided along several criteria. In the older literature of Aleksandar Belić, Stjepan Ivšić, Pavle Ivić, Dalibor Brozović and others it was mostly divided into two (Northern and Southern, later, Northwestern and Southeastern) or three main varieties (Northwestern, Central, Southeastern), while in the work by Willem Vermeer and Keith Langston there are three main varieties (Northwestern, Central, Southeastern).
  According to the reflex of the Common Slavic phoneme yat */ě/, there are four varieties:
  Ekavian (northeastern Istria, Rijeka and Bakar, Cres island): */ě/ > /e/
  Ikavian–Ekavian (islands Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Pag, Dugi Otok, Ugljan, mainland Vinodol and Pokupje): */ě/ > /i/ or /e/, according to Jakubinskij's law
  Ikavian (southwestern Istria, islands Brač, Hvar, Vis, Korčula, Pelješac, Dalmatian coast at Zadar and Split, inland Gacka): */ě/ > /i/
  Ijekavian (Lastovo island, Janjina on Pelješac): */ě/ > /je/ or /ije/
  Obsolete literature commonly refers to Ikavian–Ekavian dialects as "mixed", which is a misleading term because the yat reflexes were governed by Jakubinskij's law. According to Lisac, division per reflex of yat is most reasonable, although even then exist significant sub-level differences.
  According to their tonal (accentual) features, Chakavian dialects are divided into the following groups:
  dialects with the "classical" Chakavian three-tone system
  dialects with two tonic accents
  dialects with four tonic accents similar to that of Shtokavian dialects
  dialects with four-tonic Shtokavian system
  dialects mixing traits of the first and the second group
  Using a combination of accentual and phonological criteria, Croatian dialectologists Dalibor Brozović (1988) and Josip Lisac (2009) divide Chakavian into six (sub)dialects: