text: Serbs east Ijekavian variant groups; East Bosnia, East Herzegovina (Trebinje, Nevesinje, Bileća), Bosnian Krajina, western Serbia and Podrinje (Užice, Čačak, Ivanjica, Loznica, Priboj, Prijepolje ) and minority Croatian Serbs. City: Trebinje, Bijeljina, Banja Luka, Nevesinje, Pale.
  Its south-eastern form is characterised by the total lack of  sound that is sometimes not only left out or replaced by more common  or  but is replaced as well by less common  and  (,  imperfect of verb biti). Local forms in the Žumberak enclave and around Dubrovnik or Slunj have some special Croatian features, influenced from Chakavian and the western subdialect, whereas forms in Bjelovar or Pakrac are influenced from Kajkavian.
  Yat reflexes
  The Proto-Slavic vowel jat (ѣ in Cyrillic or ě in Latin)
  has changed over time, coming to be pronounced differently in different areas. These different reflexes define three "pronunciations" () of Shtokavian:
  In Ekavian pronunciation (ekavski ), jat has conflated into the vowel e
  in Ikavian pronunciation (ikavski ), it has conflated into the vowel i
  in Ijekavian or Jekavian pronunciation (ijekavski  or jekavski ), it has come to be pronounced ije or je, depending on whether the vowel was long or short. In standard Croatian, pronunciation is always Jekavian: when yat is short then it is  (written as je), and when yat is long then it is  (written as ije).