text: A following h is frequently used in German and older Swedish spelling, e.g., German Zahn  'tooth'.
  In Czech, the additional letter ů is used for the long U sound, and the character is known as a kroužek, e.g., kůň "horse". (It actually developed from the ligature "uo", which noted the diphthong  until it shifted to .)
  Other signs
  Colon, , from Americanist phonetic notation, and used in orthographies based on it such as Oʼodham, Mohawk or Seneca. The triangular colon  in the International Phonetic Alphabet derives from this.
  Middot or half-colon, , a more common variant in the Americanist tradition, also used in language orthographies.
  Saltillo (straight apostrophe), used in Miꞌkmaq, as evidenced by the name itself. This is the convention of the Listuguj orthography (Miꞌgmaq), and a common substitution for the acute accent (Míkmaq) of the Francis-Smith orthography.
  No distinction
  Some languages make no distinction in writing. This is particularly the case with ancient languages such as Old English. Modern edited texts often use macrons with long vowels, however. Australian English does not distinguish the vowels  from  in spelling, with words like 'span' or 'can' having different pronunciations depending on meaning.
  Other writing systems
  In non-Latin writing systems, a variety of mechanisms have also evolved.