text: Absolute figures for the mass of the Earth are cited only beginning in the second half of the 19th century, mostly in popular rather than expert literature. An early such figure was given as "14 septillion pounds" (14 Quadrillionen Pfund) [] in Masius (1859). Beckett (1871) cites the "weight of the earth" as "5842 quintillion tons" []. The "mass of the earth in gravitational measure" is stated as "9.81996×63709802" in The New Volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 25, 1902) with a "logarithm of earth's mass" given as "14.600522" []. This is the gravitational parameter in m3·s−2 (modern value ) and not the absolute mass.
  Experiments involving pendulums continued to be performed in the first half of the 19th century. By the second half of the century, these were outperformed by repetitions of the Cavendish experiment, and the modern value of  (and hence, of the Earth mass) is still derived from high-precision repetitions of the Cavendish experiment.
  In 1821, Francesco Carlini determined a density value of  through measurements made with pendulums in the Milan area. This value was refined in 1827 by Edward Sabine to , and then in 1841 by Carlo Ignazio Giulio to . On the other hand, George Biddell Airy sought to determine ρ by measuring the difference in the period of a pendulum between the surface and the bottom of a mine.