text: differentiation between two short (in addition to two or three long) accents, rising and falling, though not in all Shtokavian speakers
  preservation of unaccented length, but not consistently across all speeches
  /u/ as the reflex of Common Slavic back nasal vowel /ǫ/ as well as the syllabic /l/ (with the exception of central Bosnia where a diphthongal /uo/ is also recorded as a reflex)
  initial group of v- + weak semivowel yields u- (e.g. unuk  cr-, with the exception of Slavonian, Molise and Vlah oasis-Burgenland dialect
  word-final -l changes to /o/ or /a/; the exception is the verbal adjective in the Slavonian southwest
  ď > /dʑ/  with numerous exceptions
  cr > tr in the word trešnja "cherry"; some exceptions in Slavonia, Hungary and Romania
  ć and đ from jt, jd (e.g. poći, pođem); exceptions in Slavonian and Eastern Bosnian dialect
  so-called "new iotation" of dentals and labials, with many exceptions, especially in Slavonia and Bosnia
  general loss of phoneme /x/, with many exceptions
  ending -ā in genitive plural of masculine and feminine nouns, with many exceptions
  ending -u in locative singular of masculine and neuter nouns (e.g. , )
  augment -ov- / -ev- in the plural of most monosyllabic masculine nouns, with many exceptions (e.g. in the area between Neretva and Dubrovnik)