text: System dynamics – extending mental models through the creation of explicit models, which are clear, easily communicated and can be compared with each other.
  Systemic thinking – seeking the means to improve the mental models and thereby improve the quality of dynamic decisions that are based on mental models.
  Experimental studies carried out in weightlessness and on Earth using neuroimaging
  showed that humans are endowed with a mental model of the effects of gravity on object motion.
  Single and double-loop learning
  After analyzing the basic characteristics, it is necessary to bring the process of changing the mental models, or the process of learning. Learning is a back-loop process, and feedback loops can be illustrated as: single-loop learning or double-loop learning.
  Single-loop learning
  Mental models affect the way that people work with information, and also how they determine the final decision. The decision itself changes, but the mental models remain the same. It is the predominant method of learning, because it is very convenient.
  Double-loop learning
  Double-loop learning (see diagram below) is used when it is necessary to change the mental model on which a decision depends. Unlike single loops, this model includes a shift in understanding, from simple and static to broader and more dynamic, such as taking into account the changes in the surroundings and the need for expression changes in mental models.