text: Keyword stuffing Another form of black hat search engine optimization (SEO) is known as keyword stuffing, which involves repeatedly using the same keywords to try to trick search engines. This tactic involves using irrelevant keywords on a webpage (such as on the homepage or in metadata tags) to make it appear more relevant for particular keywords, deceiving people who visit the site.
  Link farming
  Link farming occurs when multiple websites or pages link to a particular website. This is done to profit from the pay-per-click (PPC) advertisements on these websites or pages. The issue is that the links only point to the specific website because it promises something in return, when in fact they are only there to increase traffic to the desired website and its popularity. These websites are unethical and will damage the credibility of the website's other pages, possibly reducing its income potential.
  Shrouding
  Shrouding involves showing different content to clients and web search tools. A website may present search engines with information irrelevant to the website's real content. This is done to boost the website's visibility in search results.
  Spamdexing
  Spamdexing is a form of black hat SEO that involves using software to inject backlinks to a website into search engine results. This is done solely to raise the website's ranking in search engines.