text: Coltrane studied harmony with Dennis Sandole and at the Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia. He explored contemporary techniques and theory. He also studied the Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns by Nicolas Slonimsky (1947).
  A series of similar-sounding chord changes occurs in "Ondine", the first movement of Maurice Ravel's 1908 piano suite,  Gaspard de la nuit.  Other early appearances include the verse to the standard "Till the Clouds Roll By" (1917) by Jerome Kern. The bridge of the Richard Rodgers song and jazz standard "Have You Met Miss Jones?" (1937) predated Tadd Dameron's "Lady Bird", after which Coltrane named his "Lazy Bird", by incorporating modulation by major third(s). (highlighted yellow below) "Giant Steps" and "Countdown" may both have taken the inspiration for their augmented tonal cycles from "Have You Met Miss Jones?".
  Coltrane substitution
  The Coltrane substitution, Coltrane changes, or Countdown formula, is as follows. Start with a ii–V–I turnaround lasting four measures:
  with the dominant chord (V7) preceding the tonic (I).
  One substitutes two chords for each of the first three:
  Notice a dominant seventh chord preceding and thus tonicizing a major chord on C and also E and A, both a major third from C.
  This also may begin on C, as on "Giant Steps", giving: