Second French Empire [SEP] dissolved or abolished
Second French Empire
The Second French Empire (), officially the French Empire (), was the regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.
Historians in the 1930s and 1940s often disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism. That interpretation is no longer promulgated and by the late 20th century they were celebrating it as leading example of a modernizing regime. Historians have generally given the Empire negative evaluations on its foreign-policy, and somewhat more
the authority of the pope as the vicar of Christ. However, he reasoned that since Christ did not "exercise" his temporal power, nor may the pope.
In 1590, Pope Sixtus V had, or very nearly had, the first volume placed on the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum" for denying temporal hegemony to the papacy.
19th century.
The temporal power was abolished by Napoleon Bonaparte, who dissolved the Papal States and incorporated Rome and Latium into his French Empire in 1809. The temporal power was