Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase [SEP] chromosome
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "GGCX" gene, located on chromosome 2 at 2p12.
Function.
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Many of these vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in coagulation so the function of the encoded enzyme is essential for hemostasis. Most gla domain-containing proteins depend on this carboxylation reaction for posttranslational modification. In humans, the gamma-glutamyl
related vitamin K2-dependent protein osteocalcin. In bone, its production is increased by vitamin D.
Genetics.
The "MGP" was linked to the short arm of chromosome 12 in 1990. Its mRNA sequence length is 585 bases long in humans.
Physiology.
MGP and osteocalcin are both calcium-binding proteins that may participate in the organisation of bone tissue. Both have glutamate residues that are post-translationally carboxylated by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in a reaction that requires Vitamin K hydroquinone.
This process also