CYP3A4 [SEP] found in taxon
The CYP3A4 gene exhibits a much more complicated upstream regulatory region in comparison with its paralogs. This increased complexity renders the CYP3A4 gene more sensitive to endogenous and exogenous PXR and CAR ligands, instead of relying on gene variants for wider specificity. Chimpanzee and human CYP3A4 are highly conserved in metabolism of many ligands, although four amino acids positively selected in humans led to a 5-fold benzylation of 7-BFC in the presence of the hepatotoxic secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. This change in consequence contributes to an increased human defense against cholestasis.
Tissue
CYP3A4; pomegranate juice has this effect as well.
Variability.
While over 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the "CYP3A4" gene, it has been found that this does not translate into significant interindividual variability . It can be supposed that this may be due to the induction of CYP3A4 on exposure to substrates.
CYP3A4 alleles which have been reported to have minimal function compared to wild-type include CYP3A4*6 (an A17776 insertion) and CYP3A4*17 (F189S). Both