Joseph Epstein [SEP] country of citizenship
Joseph Epstein
Joseph Epstein (October 16, 1911 – April 11, 1944 in Fort Mont-Valérien, France), also known as "Colonel Gilles" and as "Joseph Andrej", was a Polish-born Jewish communist activist and a French Resistance leader during World War II. He was executed by the Germans.
Communist organizer.
Joseph Epstein was born in Zamość, Congress Poland. He studied law at Warsaw University. There he became aware of the Communist Party of Poland, and later he joined
, including with the Chicago writer Joseph Epstein. W. H. Auden is also known to have been an early friend.
Private life Views on America.
Although he apparently never sought to become a citizen of the United States, a country where he spent upwards of a third of his life, Heller nevertheless had a deep respect for American democracy, which he felt embodied values directly opposed to those that informed the political realities of the Central Europe he fled in 1939. This pietistic stance however never prevented him from espousing views considered