Duchy of Massa and Carrara [SEP] dissolved or abolished
Ferdinand of Austria-Este, uncle of Emperor Francis I of Austria.
With the fall of the Napoleonic regime, the Congress of Vienna reassigned to Mary Beatrice all the territories that had been subtracted. At that time the Duchy of Massa and Carrara included the territories of Massa and Carrara, Aulla, Casola in Lunigiana, Comano, Filattiera, Fivizzano, Fosdinovo, Licciana, Montignoso, Mulazzo, Podenzana and Tresana.
In 1829, at the death of Mary Beatrice, the Duchy of Massa and Carrara was annexed to
Duchy of Massa and Carrara
The Duchy of Massa and Carrara was the duchy that controlled the towns of Massa di Carrara and Carrara; the area is now part of unified Italy, but retains its local identity as the province of Massa-Carrara.
History.
The core of this territory was formed on 22 February 1473 when Iacopo Malaspina, Marquis of Massa, purchased the Lordship of Carrara (villages of Carrara, Moneta and Avenza). 
At first the marquis resided in Carrara but, as Carrara was frequently