Thermophoresis [SEP] named after
1882. Thermophoresis in liquid mixtures was first observed and reported by Carl Ludwig in 1856 and further understood by Charles Soret in 1879.
James Clerk Maxwell wrote in 1873 concerning mixtures of different types of molecules (and this could include small particulates larger than molecules):
It has been analyzed theoretically by Sydney Chapman.
Thermophoresis at solids interfaces was numerically discovered by Schoen et al. in 2006 and was experimentally confirmed by Barreiro et al.
Negative thermophoresis in fluids was first noticed in 1967 by Dwyer in a theoretical
term in this equation c∂F/∂T describes TRIC as a change in fluorescence intensity (F) as a function of temperature (T), whereas the second term F∂c/∂T describes thermophoresis as the change in particle concentration (c) as a function of temperature. Thermophoresis depends on the interface between molecule and solvent. Under constant buffer conditions, thermophoresis probes the size, charge and solvation entropy of the molecules. The thermophoresis of a fluorescently labeled molecule A typically differs significantly from the thermophoresis of a molecule-target complex AT due to size,