Marshall D. Gates, Jr. [SEP] date of death
Marshall D. Gates Jr.
Marshall D. Gates Jr. (1915–2003) was an American chemist, holding the position of C.F. Houghton Professor of Chemistry at the University of Rochester. He was an organic chemist whose research was in the field of natural product synthesis. He is best known for publishing the first total synthesis of morphine in 1952.
Biography.
Marshall Gates was born in 1915 in Boyne City, Michigan. He received his undergraduate training at Rice University and his masters and doctoral degrees from Harvard University. He married Martha
strategy that is applied to this family of molecules.
The first morphine total synthesis, devised by Marshall D. Gates, Jr. in 1952 remains a widely used example of total synthesis. This synthesis took a total of 31 steps and proceeded in 0.06% overall yield. The hydrocodone synthesis of Kenner C. Rice is one of the most efficient and proceeds in 30% overall yield in 14 steps. At 9 steps, the Barriault route is the shortest to date, but contains a number of low-yielding steps.
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