['SECOND NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONINTRODUCTION Grenada’s second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) pursuant to Article 4 of the Paris Agreement represents its continued commitment to the objectives of the Paris Agreement towards holding the increase of the global average temperature to well below 2oC above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5oC. This NDC adheres to the requirements of the guidance on information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding (ICTU) as contained in decision 4/ CMA 1 adopted at the twenty-fourth meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP 24) serving as the first Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.', 'This NDC adheres to the requirements of the guidance on information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding (ICTU) as contained in decision 4/ CMA 1 adopted at the twenty-fourth meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP 24) serving as the first Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. The emissions reductions in this new NDC are a confirmation of the indicative ambitious 2030 NDC target of 40% below 2010 levels submitted in the 2016 NDC, which is conditional on external funding. This target remains the highest possible ambition that Grenada can achieve. It is anticipated that this will be done through interventions in the Energy including transport; Waste; Forestry; and Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sectors and by leveraging mitigation co-benefits of adaptation actions.', 'It is anticipated that this will be done through interventions in the Energy including transport; Waste; Forestry; and Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sectors and by leveraging mitigation co-benefits of adaptation actions. Due to changing and unforeseen circumstances, the indicative 2030 target represents a more significant effort on the part of the state of Grenada than when it was initially proposed. Grenada will make every effort to meet and exceed the targets laid out in this NDC. The NDC review process led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC), followed a multi-sectoral, whole of society approach which consisted of engagements with key ministries, public and private sector stakeholders, academic and technical experts, civil society organizations, and vulnerable and marginalized groups.', 'The NDC review process led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC), followed a multi-sectoral, whole of society approach which consisted of engagements with key ministries, public and private sector stakeholders, academic and technical experts, civil society organizations, and vulnerable and marginalized groups. The Government of Grenada is appreciative of the support provided by the Regional Collaboration Centre (RCC) St. George’s, and the NDC Partnership through its implementation partners Climate Analytics (CA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Organization of Eastern States (OECS), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and UNICEF.', 'The Government of Grenada is appreciative of the support provided by the Regional Collaboration Centre (RCC) St. George’s, and the NDC Partnership through its implementation partners Climate Analytics (CA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Organization of Eastern States (OECS), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and UNICEF. Grenada is also committed to linking the NDC implementation to its national policy framework as expressed in the following policy documents and programmes, inter alia: National Climate Change Policy; National Sustainable Development Plan 2035; National Adaptation Plan (NAP); National Youth Policy; Gender Equality Policy and Action Plan; Green Climate Fund Country Programme; Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy; Basic Needs Trust Fund; Support for Education, Empowerment and Development; Climate Smart Cities and the Climate-Smart Rural Enterprise Development Programme.', 'Grenada is also committed to linking the NDC implementation to its national policy framework as expressed in the following policy documents and programmes, inter alia: National Climate Change Policy; National Sustainable Development Plan 2035; National Adaptation Plan (NAP); National Youth Policy; Gender Equality Policy and Action Plan; Green Climate Fund Country Programme; Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy; Basic Needs Trust Fund; Support for Education, Empowerment and Development; Climate Smart Cities and the Climate-Smart Rural Enterprise Development Programme. Means of Implementation To fully implement the mitigation measures contained in this NDC, Grenada will require grants and other concessional finance, support for capacity building and institutional strengthening andaccess to appropriate technologies. The indicative cost for Grenada’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is between $984.9 and $1,054.5 Million USD.', 'The indicative cost for Grenada’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is between $984.9 and $1,054.5 Million USD. Grenada anticipates implementing the NDC through access to multilateral and bilateral support including through the Green Climate Fund, multilateral agencies, and bilateral arrangements with development partners. These funds will be used to leverage the limited national resources and technical capacities that are available for responding to climate change. The NDC Partnership, the UNDP Climate Promise, UNICEF and the OECS Commission, will support the country in developing an implementation plan, a communications plan and a financing strategy with concrete measures and timelines for implementation, in an effort to transition the NDC target to real actions and emission reductions.', 'The NDC Partnership, the UNDP Climate Promise, UNICEF and the OECS Commission, will support the country in developing an implementation plan, a communications plan and a financing strategy with concrete measures and timelines for implementation, in an effort to transition the NDC target to real actions and emission reductions. To the extent possible, given the limited domestic fiscal space and the economic constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the government will adopt a comprehensive, holistic, and multi-sectoral approach to low-carbon development and climate resilience.GRENADA’S SECOND NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 1. Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year (a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) The reference year used in Grenada’s second NDC is 2010, the same as in the initial NDC.', 'Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year (a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) The reference year used in Grenada’s second NDC is 2010, the same as in the initial NDC. (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year (s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year Grenada’s net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in 2010 were estimated to be 216.9 GgCO2e. (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Not applicable.', '(c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Not applicable. (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Grenada commits to reducing its GHG emissions by 40% of the 2010 emissions levels by 2030. (e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: - Grenada’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015. - Grenada’s 2nd National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2017. - National Waste Management Strategy for Grenada, 2003. - GRENLEC Annual reports. - Land Degradation Neutrality National Report, 2009.', '- Land Degradation Neutrality National Report, 2009. Additionally, data was provided by: - Energy Division, Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport & Implementation. - Transport Division, Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport & Implementation. - Land Use Summary data, Grenada Land Use Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and Forestry. - Central Statistical Office. - Traffic Division, Royal Grenada Police Force. - Private sector agencies in the shipping and power sectors. (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators The 2010 base year data may be recalculated and updated due to continuous methodological improvements. Information on updates made will be included in the Biennial Transparency Report. 2.', 'Information on updates made will be included in the Biennial Transparency Report. 2. Time frames and/or periods for implementation (a) Time frame and/or period for implementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further relevant decision adopted by the CMA; This target will be a continuation and expansion of efforts to meet the 2025 target in the first NDC and addresses the 2020-2030 period. (b) Whether it is a single- year or multi-year target, as applicable. The target is a single year target in 2030. 3. Scope and coverage (a) General description of the target; Grenada’s economy wide target to reduce emissions by 40% by 2030 covers the energy, forestry, waste and IPPU sectors. The inclusion of F-gases is a new addition to Grenada’s second NDC.', 'The inclusion of F-gases is a new addition to Grenada’s second NDC. (b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with IPCC guidelines; Sectors: - Energy (including domestic transport) - Forestry - Waste - IPPU (Cooling sector) Gases: - Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - Methane (CH4) - F-gases: hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and their mixture/blends. In line with obligations under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal protocol. (c) How the Party has taken into consideration paragraphs 31(c) and (d) of decision 1/CP.21; As per paragraph 31(c) of decision 1/CP.21, Grenada is committed to expanding the scope of the coverage of its NDC to all categories of anthropogenic emissions.', '(c) How the Party has taken into consideration paragraphs 31(c) and (d) of decision 1/CP.21; As per paragraph 31(c) of decision 1/CP.21, Grenada is committed to expanding the scope of the coverage of its NDC to all categories of anthropogenic emissions. (d) Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties’ adaptation actions In accordance with Grenada’s National Climate Change Policy, the implementation vehicles for the policy’s objectives, strategies and outcomes are the NDC and NAP. Delivery of the actions articulated in each document will ensure the operational components of the policy. Grenada’s NAP (2017-2021) along with projects currently under implementation include mitigation co-benefits. The reductions emerging from these contribute towards the target as outlined in 1(d) and should not be considered additional.and/or economic diversification plans.', 'The reductions emerging from these contribute towards the target as outlined in 1(d) and should not be considered additional.and/or economic diversification plans. Grenada is also committed to continue reporting data and information on quantified co-benefits of adaptation actions in its NAP and National communications. Mitigation actions within adaptation projects will be captured through the data collection framework and GHG inventory and reported in the respective sectors. 4.', 'Mitigation actions within adaptation projects will be captured through the data collection framework and GHG inventory and reported in the respective sectors. 4. Planning process (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; Grenada’s NDC planning process was led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and involved the following steps: - A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation).', 'Planning process (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; Grenada’s NDC planning process was led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and involved the following steps: - A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation). - Several workshops were held with key stakeholders to develop strategies and initiatives and to identify the possible data sources that will be needed to update the NDC.', '- Several workshops were held with key stakeholders to develop strategies and initiatives and to identify the possible data sources that will be needed to update the NDC. - Following several consultations and validation workshops in 2018 and 2019, the ensuing Grenada NDC Plan was endorsed by the Government of Grenada (GoG). - The GoG then sought support from NDC Partnership for technical assistance for the revision of Grenada’s NDC through the Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP). - Throughout most of 2020, representatives from relevant ministries, implementing partners, private sector entities, technical experts and civil society were engaged at different stages of the development process for their inputs to updating the NDC.', '- Throughout most of 2020, representatives from relevant ministries, implementing partners, private sector entities, technical experts and civil society were engaged at different stages of the development process for their inputs to updating the NDC. - The final NDC draft was subjected to a series of consultations with all key stakeholders and subsequently submitted to Cabinet for endorsement and authorization for submission to the UNFCCC. (ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia (among other things), as appropriate: (a) National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development, and poverty eradication; Geography: Grenada is a small island developing state located in the south-eastern Caribbean and is comprised of three islands, Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique. The combined land area is 345km2 and is the southernmost of the Windward Islands.', 'The combined land area is 345km2 and is the southernmost of the Windward Islands. Grenada’s location coordinates are 12.07° N, 61.40° W. Climate: Grenada has a humid tropical marine climate with little seasonal or diurnal (daily) variation and a constant, strong ("trade") wind out of the east. This climate is affected mainly by the subtropical cyclone belt and the intertropical convergence zone. The location of these twometeorological systems varies in a cyclical pattern, and their movement gives a seasonal character to the weather. Rain tends to be showery and is distributed roughly into a drier season from January to May and a wetter season from June to December.', 'Rain tends to be showery and is distributed roughly into a drier season from January to May and a wetter season from June to December. Average temperature ranges between 28-33°C while rainfall ranges between 1000-4000 mm depending on the elevation and location with variations observed in the rainfall and drought due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. Grenada is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and is already experiencing climate change and its impacts. This is evidenced by increased average temperatures; variations in rainfall patterns with longer dry seasons and shorter rainy seasons resulting in increased incidence of drought; and sea level rise which has resulted in coastal degradation and intrusion of saline water into aquifers, among others. Economy: Grenada is classified as an upper middle-income country.', 'Economy: Grenada is classified as an upper middle-income country. Over the past two decades, the economy changed from being predominantly agriculture-based (production of sugar cane, cocoa, nutmeg, and banana) to services dominated (tourism, real estate, education, and construction). Grenada’s economy was buffeted during the 2000s due to Hurricane Ivan in 2004 (the damages inflicted by exceeded 200% of the country’s GDP); Hurricane Emily in 2005; the global food and oil price shock in 2008; the global financial crisis in 2009; and the extreme drought in 2010. Grenada made a notable recovery and between 2011-2018, the real GDP growth averaged at 3.7% and per capita income rose persistently.', 'Grenada made a notable recovery and between 2011-2018, the real GDP growth averaged at 3.7% and per capita income rose persistently. Even though Grenada has seen a consistent rise in real GDP and per capita growth, the impacts of Covid-19 threaten this growth going forward given, in most part, Grenada’s economy relies heavily on tourism and agriculture. Sustainable Development: The National Sustainable Development Plan is the anchor for Grenada’s development agenda and priorities over the period 2020-2035. It puts forward strategic priorities that have been identified to address crucial social, economic, environmental, and other development challenges. It envisions the workings of an economy and society that is premised on genuine partnership in which the public sector, private sector, civil society, andwider non-state actors share collective responsibility for Grenada’s sustainable development and plays complementary roles in the process of nation building.', 'It envisions the workings of an economy and society that is premised on genuine partnership in which the public sector, private sector, civil society, andwider non-state actors share collective responsibility for Grenada’s sustainable development and plays complementary roles in the process of nation building. Grenada’s government is committed to social inclusion on the national level and is also striving for a more comprehensive involvement of the country’s diaspora. Poverty: The most recent snapshot of poverty in Grenada comes from the 2008 Country Poverty Assessment. 37.7% of the population was deemed to be poor and 2.4 % was deemed to be indigent. Children (persons aged 0-14) and youths (persons 15-24) accounted for 66.4% of the poor.', 'Children (persons aged 0-14) and youths (persons 15-24) accounted for 66.4% of the poor. Grenada is actively trying to eradicate poverty through its flagship poverty reduction programmes: Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, the Basic Needs Trust Fund (BNTF) and Support for Education, Empowerment and Development (SEED) as well as the Climate- Smart Rural Enterprise Development Programme (SAEP). Inclusiveness: Grenada has anchored inclusivity as a cornerstone of its development process. The development and implementation of the successful 2013-2017 Structural Adjustment Process was led by a Committee of Social Partners chaired by the Prime Minister and which included stakeholders from the major societal groupings - private sector, NGO’s, trade unions, gender and youth, academia and faith based organizations. The development of national policies and strategies including the annual Budget includes processes to ensure that key stakeholders are consulted.', 'The development of national policies and strategies including the annual Budget includes processes to ensure that key stakeholders are consulted. The resulting policies therefore reflect the inputs from key stakeholder groupings and provide a framework that serves as a guide to the public sector, private sector, labour, and civil society. (b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the NDC; Grenada’s best practices in the preparation of the NDC are as follows: Inclusiveness and Engagement: The process was characterized by its inclusiveness and consultative nature albeit in mostly virtual sessions due to Covid-19 and the need to adhere to the attendant protocols.', '(b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the NDC; Grenada’s best practices in the preparation of the NDC are as follows: Inclusiveness and Engagement: The process was characterized by its inclusiveness and consultative nature albeit in mostly virtual sessions due to Covid-19 and the need to adhere to the attendant protocols. All key stakeholders at both the governmental and non- governmental levels were fully involved and meaningfully engaged in major decision making over the NDC preparation period in 2020.Linkages and Ownership: The NDC has been integrally linked and consistent with other relevant policies in particular, the National Climate Change Policy, The National Adaptation Plan, The National Sustainable Development Plan 2035 and the national planning and budgeting process.', 'All key stakeholders at both the governmental and non- governmental levels were fully involved and meaningfully engaged in major decision making over the NDC preparation period in 2020.Linkages and Ownership: The NDC has been integrally linked and consistent with other relevant policies in particular, the National Climate Change Policy, The National Adaptation Plan, The National Sustainable Development Plan 2035 and the national planning and budgeting process. The NDC preparation was also characterized by high level ownership as senior government officials and non-government practitioners have endorsed the content of the NDC and expressed their commitment to its full implementation. Partnership: Through the NDC Partnership as the anchor, Grenada with the support of the Regional Collaboration Centre partnered with several regional and international organizations to determine a robust and practical NDC based on the latest science, methodologies, guidance, and applications.', 'Partnership: Through the NDC Partnership as the anchor, Grenada with the support of the Regional Collaboration Centre partnered with several regional and international organizations to determine a robust and practical NDC based on the latest science, methodologies, guidance, and applications. (c) Other contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged when joining the Paris Agreement. Grenada remains committed to linking the NDC implementation to the country’s Sustainable Development Goals agenda as reflected in Grenada’s Sustainable Development Plan 2020- 2035, with a particular emphasis on development outcomes that contribute to building the resilience of most vulnerable groups. The government’s objective is to maximize the social co-benefits of the mitigation measures presented in the NDC.', 'The government’s objective is to maximize the social co-benefits of the mitigation measures presented in the NDC. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Loss and Damage: Given Grenada’s vulnerability to negative sudden and slow onset processes and events such as hurricanes, floods, and environmental degradation, Grenada will continue to build coherence with the NDC and NAP to comprehensively address loss and damage. This will include strengthening resilience to respond to impacts beyond the limits of adaptation and addressing human mobility and settlements. In addition, the government acts within the guidelines of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 to protect development gains from the risk of disaster. Human Health: Implementing best available technologies could assist in mitigating factors that negatively impact respiratory health.', 'Human Health: Implementing best available technologies could assist in mitigating factors that negatively impact respiratory health. Grenada is actively building capacity, developing policies, and implementing interventions to prevent morbidity, mortality and attain its SDGs. Key focusareas include strengthening capacity to address: climate change and health impacts; health emergencies and environmental threats and risks; and disaster management and risks. Data Collection: to ensure the future availability of quality, disaggregated, useable data, Grenada will continue efforts towards the development of a national data collection framework for long term collection and verification of data. Grenada will adopt a holistic and multi-sectoral approach to low-carbon development and climate resilience, which encompasses education, health, food security, water and sanitation, housing and social protection and to ensure a resilient, inclusive, gender-sensitive, and peaceful society.', 'Grenada will adopt a holistic and multi-sectoral approach to low-carbon development and climate resilience, which encompasses education, health, food security, water and sanitation, housing and social protection and to ensure a resilient, inclusive, gender-sensitive, and peaceful society. (b) Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the Paris Agreement; Grenada is not part of an agreement to act jointly under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement.', '(b) Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the Paris Agreement; Grenada is not part of an agreement to act jointly under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement. (c) How the Party’s preparation of its NDC has been informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement; Grenada participated in the Talanoa Dialogue and took note of the outcome, inputs and outputs as expressed in Decision 1/CP.24 and the invitation from the COP to consider the outcome, inputs and outputs of the Talanoa Dialogue in preparing nationally determined contributions.', '(c) How the Party’s preparation of its NDC has been informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement; Grenada participated in the Talanoa Dialogue and took note of the outcome, inputs and outputs as expressed in Decision 1/CP.24 and the invitation from the COP to consider the outcome, inputs and outputs of the Talanoa Dialogue in preparing nationally determined contributions. Grenada’s climate policies and targets were therefore developed in the context of best available science with the IPCC Special Report on 1.5oC being central to the assessment of its NDC.', 'Grenada’s climate policies and targets were therefore developed in the context of best available science with the IPCC Special Report on 1.5oC being central to the assessment of its NDC. (d) Each Party with an NDC under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris (i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the NDC; Grenada considered all social, economic, and environmental impacts of its domestic mitigation measures in developing and implementing the NDC.', '(d) Each Party with an NDC under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris (i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the NDC; Grenada considered all social, economic, and environmental impacts of its domestic mitigation measures in developing and implementing the NDC. (ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to Please refer to Section 3(d) above.Agreement to submit information on: contribute to mitigation co- benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries. 5.', '(ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to Please refer to Section 3(d) above.Agreement to submit information on: contribute to mitigation co- benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries. 5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals: (a) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party’s nationally determined contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA; Grenada accounted for its anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories as guided by 1/CP.21 Article 4, paragraph 13 of the Paris Agreement.', 'Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals: (a) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party’s nationally determined contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA; Grenada accounted for its anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories as guided by 1/CP.21 Article 4, paragraph 13 of the Paris Agreement. (b) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the nationally determined contribution; Please see 5(a) above. Grenada will apply specific assumptions and methodologies, where relevant, when accounting for the progress of various policies and measures or strategies in its Biennial Update Report or Biennial Transparency Report.', 'Grenada will apply specific assumptions and methodologies, where relevant, when accounting for the progress of various policies and measures or strategies in its Biennial Update Report or Biennial Transparency Report. (c) If applicable, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidance Please refer to 5(a) above.under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate; (d) IPCC methodologies and metrics used for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals; Grenada’s emissions for CO2, CH4, and the F-gases were derived using the Tier 1 method of the 2006 IPCC guidelines. (e) Sector-, category- or activity-specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: Energy: A sectoral approach was used to calculate the GHG emissions.', '(e) Sector-, category- or activity-specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: Energy: A sectoral approach was used to calculate the GHG emissions. Agriculture, Forestry, and other Land use: The data was sourced from FAOSTAT database coupled with field inventory measurements for land-use and land-use change and emission factors were estimated using IPCC 2006 guidelines. Waste Sector: GHG emissions were estimated by using IPCC waste model (IPCC 2006 guidelines). IPPU: Emissions were estimated using IPCC 2006 guidelines. (i) Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent removals from natural disturbances on managed lands; Where relevant, GHG emissions and removals from natural disturbances, were accounted for in accordance with the prescribed 2006 IPCC Guidelines, coupled with field inventory measurements where applicable.', '(i) Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent removals from natural disturbances on managed lands; Where relevant, GHG emissions and removals from natural disturbances, were accounted for in accordance with the prescribed 2006 IPCC Guidelines, coupled with field inventory measurements where applicable. Field inventory estimates for Grenada and measurements for previous hurricane impacts across the region were used to estimate potential future natural disturbances from forest fires, extended moderate drought and major hurricane impacts (corresponding floods and landslides). Accordingly, an allowance of 23% of the total carbon stock in forests, amounting to between 1,118 Gg CO2 and 1,280 Gg CO2 and equal to expected disturbance caused by a single category 4 hurricane making landfall on Grenada between 2020 and 2030 was included. (ii) Approach used to account for emissions and removals from harvested wood products; Not applicable.', '(ii) Approach used to account for emissions and removals from harvested wood products; Not applicable. Harvested wood products (HWP) are considered negligible as only a minor fraction of Grenada’s national forest area (210 ha) is managed for wood production. No changes in HWP consumption patterns are expected and the respective temporary impact on the carbon cycle is therefore considered insignificant. (iii) Approach used to address the effects of Not applicable. National data on the age-class structure in forests is currently unavailable.age-class structure in forests; However, recent severe hurricane damage to national forest stands combined with the age- class structure and hurricane impacts reported elsewhere in the region lend support to the assumption that age-class structure will not impact the forest carbon cycle during the NDC period.', 'National data on the age-class structure in forests is currently unavailable.age-class structure in forests; However, recent severe hurricane damage to national forest stands combined with the age- class structure and hurricane impacts reported elsewhere in the region lend support to the assumption that age-class structure will not impact the forest carbon cycle during the NDC period. (f) Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including: (i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference level(s), including, where applicable, sector-, category- or activity- specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used; The baseline GHG emissions for all sectors were calculated using 2006 IPCC guidelines. - Energy: A sectoral approach was used to calculate the GHG emissions.', '- Energy: A sectoral approach was used to calculate the GHG emissions. - Agriculture, Forestry, and other Land use: The data was sourced from FAOSTAT database coupled with national inventory data and emission factors were estimated using IPCC 2006 guidelines. - Waste: GHG emissions were estimated using IPCC waste model (IPCC 2006 guidelines). - IPPU: GHG emissions were estimated using IPCC 2006 guidelines. (ii) For Parties with nationally determined contributions that contain non-greenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable; Not applicable. (iii) For climate forcers included in nationally determined contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated; Not applicable. (iv) Further technical information, as necessary; Not applicable. (g) The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable.', '(g) The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable. Grenada currently uses no market mechanisms but is willing to explore its potential along with other mechanisms under the UNFCCC process that demonstrate environmental integrity.6. How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in light of its national circumstances (a) How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances; Grenada’s NDC is fair and ambitious. The NDC target of 40% reduction by 2030 on 2010 levels is consistent with the IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C. This special report shows pathways that limit global warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot.', 'This special report shows pathways that limit global warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot. Pathways that describe a 40-50 % reduction in net anthropogenic GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2010 levels, and net anthropogenic CO2 emissions reaching net zero around 2050. Grenada’s NDC is in line with the emissions pathways towards 2050 and onwards that correspond to keeping global warming in line with the global long- term goal of the Paris Agreement. (b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity; Please refer to 6(a) above. (c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement; The emissions reductions are a confirmation of the indicative ambitious 2030 NDC target submitted in 2016. This target remains the highest possible ambition that Grenada can achieve for this NDC target year.', 'This target remains the highest possible ambition that Grenada can achieve for this NDC target year. In fact, due to changing and unforeseen circumstances, the 2030 target represents a more significant effort on the part of Grenada than when it was initially proposed. The achievement of the first NDC assumed that geothermal electricity would be available for the 2025 target. It is now clear that significant external support is required for the Geothermal programme for the 2030 target. Geothermal is currently the main contributor to Grenada’s mitigation efforts, however it is still in its exploratory phase. The existing feeder line network is believed to be able to incorporate a total of 15 MW of intermittent renewable energy.', 'The existing feeder line network is believed to be able to incorporate a total of 15 MW of intermittent renewable energy. To meet the 2030 target, Grenada will require a rapid transition, involving energy conservation mechanisms and renewable energy deployment. Vehicle sales have increased significantly than projected since the first NDC. In 2018, the number of registered vehicles was 51% higher than in 2010.', 'In 2018, the number of registered vehicles was 51% higher than in 2010. As a result, the measures proposed in the first NDC for the transport sector (introduction of gasoline taxes, biofuel blends, and fuel efficiency standards) will be insufficient to achieve the 20% reductions anticipated from this sector by 2025, much less to achieve further reductions by 2030 While Grenada’s target is a base year target, and is not measured relative to future projections, these unforeseen factors will make it extremely difficult for the country to meet the targets set in 2016. As such, while Grenada will make every effort to meet the targets laid out in its NDC. It will not be feasible at this stage to commit to further emissions reductions beyond the 40% target.', 'It will not be feasible at this stage to commit to further emissions reductions beyond the 40% target. To support the implementation of the NDC, Grenada developed an NDC Partnership Plan with the support of the NDC Partnership. Grenada will embark on a process for developing an implementation plan, communications plan and financing strategy with concrete measures and timelines for implementation to aid transition from NDC target to real action and emission reductions, withsupport as already indicated from the NDC Partnership, the UNDP Climate Promise and UNICEF. Grenada anticipates implementing the NDC through access to multilateral and bilateral support including through the Green Climate Fund, multilateral agencies, and bilateral arrangements with development partners.', 'Grenada anticipates implementing the NDC through access to multilateral and bilateral support including through the Green Climate Fund, multilateral agencies, and bilateral arrangements with development partners. These funds will be used to leverage the limited national resources and technical capacities that are available for combatting climate change. The inclusion of F-gases and gender and youth considerations represent an expansion in scope relative to the first NDC. Grenada will also develop a long-term low emissions development strategy. (d) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement; Please refer to 6(e) below. (e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement.', '(e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement. Grenada has the option under the Paris Agreement to prepare and communicate strategies, plans, and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development that reflects its special circumstances. Notwithstanding, from its initial NDC, Grenada has chosen to demonstrate its commitment to fighting climate change and making its contributions to reducing emissions in the context of the Paris Agreement, by submitting an economy-wide base year emissions reduction target. In this same spirit and in line with Article 4 paragraphs 3 and 4, Grenada’s second NDC remains an economy-wide base year target. 7.', 'In this same spirit and in line with Article 4 paragraphs 3 and 4, Grenada’s second NDC remains an economy-wide base year target. 7. How the NDC contributes towards achieving the objectives of the Convention as set out in its Article 2 (a) How the NDC contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2; Grenada considers the ambitious nature of the NDC to be in line with Article 2 of the convention. The NDC is an ambitious economy-wide target consistent with the best available science and based on the best available data. (b) How the NDC contributes towards Article Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement.', '(b) How the NDC contributes towards Article Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. Grenada considers the ambitious nature of the NDC to be in line with Article 2 paragraph 1 (a) and Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Paris Agreement. The emissions reduction target in the NDC is consistent with the level of ambition required to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as called for by the best available science and is also consistent with national efforts to achieve sustainable development and eradicate poverty.']