['Published by: The General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, the Kingdom of Cambodia © 2020 the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, the Kingdom of Cambodia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Contact Information: The General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment Morodok Techo Building (Lot 503), Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) i Foreword The International community reached a truly historic milestone with the Paris climate agreement in 2015.', 'Contact Information: The General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment Morodok Techo Building (Lot 503), Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) i Foreword The International community reached a truly historic milestone with the Paris climate agreement in 2015. Together, we agreed to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels, to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. Cambodia has always been a strong supporter of multilateral action on climate change.', 'Cambodia has always been a strong supporter of multilateral action on climate change. As a country particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, we understand the urgency of ambitious climate action and aim to lead by example, in line with our capacities and responsibilities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for Cambodia presents our commitments and needs for the next decade, in order to realize our vision of a low carbon and resilient society. Developed through extensive consultations over a nine-month period, our NDC includes contributions from all concerned stakeholders in the country, including relevant ministries and agencies, civil society representatives, development partners, academia, and the private sector.', 'Developed through extensive consultations over a nine-month period, our NDC includes contributions from all concerned stakeholders in the country, including relevant ministries and agencies, civil society representatives, development partners, academia, and the private sector. The updated NDC has been improved in several important ways. First, coverage has increased to include climate change mitigation targets in the agricultural and waste sectors, and also with more detailed actions in key sub-sectors, such as energy efficiency. It includes a stronger set of adaptation actions, which remain the top priority for Cambodia. Second, we have set an ambitious target in the Forestry and Land Use sector (FOLU) for halving the deforestation rate by 2030, in line with our REDD+ strategy.', 'Second, we have set an ambitious target in the Forestry and Land Use sector (FOLU) for halving the deforestation rate by 2030, in line with our REDD+ strategy. In other sectors, we have increased our level of ambition for Green House Gases (GHG) emissions reduction compared to our initial NDC in 2015. Third, the updated NDC pays particular attention to gender and vulnerable groups, in order to ensure that our adaptation and mitigation actions contribute to a more inclusive society. Finally, a significant effort has been made to develop a solid framework for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), so that we are able generate credible evidence on progress made and on challenges encountered.', 'Finally, a significant effort has been made to develop a solid framework for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), so that we are able generate credible evidence on progress made and on challenges encountered. This will help us to keep refining ourCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) ii policies so that we not only meet our NDC commitments, but also our climate change targets under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). I would like to take this opportunity to thank all our partners who have contributed to the development of this document, both at the sectoral and national levels.', 'I would like to take this opportunity to thank all our partners who have contributed to the development of this document, both at the sectoral and national levels. I would like to thank in particular the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance programme (funded by the European Union, Sweden, and UNDP), the World Bank, the NDC Partnership, and other Development Partners for their support and cooperation for this process. As Cambodia is committed to doing her part to address the global challenge of climate change, we look forward to working with all our partners to address our remaining needs in financing, capacity development, and technology transfers. This cooperation and support will be crucial to achieve the ambitious vision set out in this document.', 'This cooperation and support will be crucial to achieve the ambitious vision set out in this document. Say Samal Minister of Environment Chair of the National Council for Sustainable DevelopmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) iii Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AI Artificial Intelligence BAU Business as Usual BUR Biennial Update Report CAMDI Cambodia Disaster Loss and Damage Information System CCAP Climate Change Action Plan CCCA Cambodia Climate Change Alliance CLUP Commune Land Use Plan CCCSP Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan CCTWG Climate Change Technical Working Group CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEDAW Convention on Ending all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CNCW Cambodia National Council for Women CO2 Carbon Dioxide COP Conference of the Parties CSDG Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals DCC Department of Climate Change DLUP District Land Use Plan DRM Disaster Risk Management EMIS Education Management Information System EMS Environmental Management System ESS Environmental and Social Safeguards ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework EWS Early Warning Systems EX-ACT Tool EX-Ante Carbon Balance Tool FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FOLU Forestry and other Land Use GSSD General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GHG Greenhouse Gases IPCC International Panel on Climate Change JCM Joint Crediting Mechanism LGCC3 Local Government and Climate Change III M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MIS Management Information System MISTI Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MLMUPC Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction MoE Ministry of Environment MoEYS Ministry of Education Youth and Sports MoH Ministry of HealthCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) iv MoINF Ministry of Information MoP Ministry of Planning MoWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs MoWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MoT Ministry of Tourism MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRD Ministry of Rural Development MRV Measurement Reporting and Verification NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Plan of Actions NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development NCDM National Committee for Disaster Management NCSD National Council for Sustainable Development NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NSDP National Strategic Development Plan NSPGG National Strategic Plan on Green Growth ODA Official Development Assistance PPP Public Private Partnerships REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RE Renewable Energy SDG Sustainable Development Goals SHS Solar Home Systems SMEs Small and Medium Sized Enterprises SNC Second National Communication TNA Technology Needs Assessment TNC Third National Communication UMIC Upper Middle-Income Country UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VDC Village Development Committee VER Verified Emissions Reduction WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health OrganisationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) v Contents Foreword i Acronyms iii Contents . v Executive Summary . 1 Overview 11 National Circumstances . 11 Outline of the Document . 13 2 Mitigation Contribution 13 Business as Usual emission scenarios 13 Mitigation Targets 20 Mitigation measures . 23 3 Adaptation Contribution . 29 Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change 29 Impacts and priorities for adaptation and resilience . 30 Prioritised adaptation actions . 33 4 Cross-cutting areas . 40 Gender . 40 Youth involvement 44 Private sector engagement 45 5 Governance and Implementation Processes 46 The NDC update process . 46 Overarching policy structures . 47 Stakeholder roles and responsibilities . 48 7 Means of Implementation . 51 Finance 51 Barriers and capacity needs 52 Technology needs and availability . 55 Overview 57 MRV for NDC Tracking 58Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) vi Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding . 59 Fairness and ambition . 60 9 Sustainable Development . 61 Appendix 1: Detailed Mitigation Measures 90 Appendix 2: Detailed Adaptation Actions 103 Appendix 3: Selected Bibliography 135 Appendix 4: Emission reduction estimates . 136 Appendix 5: NDC Scenarios 139Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Executive Summary Chapter 1: Introduction The International community reached a truly historic milestone with the Paris climate agreement in 2015.', 'Say Samal Minister of Environment Chair of the National Council for Sustainable DevelopmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) iii Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AI Artificial Intelligence BAU Business as Usual BUR Biennial Update Report CAMDI Cambodia Disaster Loss and Damage Information System CCAP Climate Change Action Plan CCCA Cambodia Climate Change Alliance CLUP Commune Land Use Plan CCCSP Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan CCTWG Climate Change Technical Working Group CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEDAW Convention on Ending all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CNCW Cambodia National Council for Women CO2 Carbon Dioxide COP Conference of the Parties CSDG Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals DCC Department of Climate Change DLUP District Land Use Plan DRM Disaster Risk Management EMIS Education Management Information System EMS Environmental Management System ESS Environmental and Social Safeguards ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework EWS Early Warning Systems EX-ACT Tool EX-Ante Carbon Balance Tool FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FOLU Forestry and other Land Use GSSD General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GHG Greenhouse Gases IPCC International Panel on Climate Change JCM Joint Crediting Mechanism LGCC3 Local Government and Climate Change III M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MIS Management Information System MISTI Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MLMUPC Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction MoE Ministry of Environment MoEYS Ministry of Education Youth and Sports MoH Ministry of HealthCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) iv MoINF Ministry of Information MoP Ministry of Planning MoWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs MoWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MoT Ministry of Tourism MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRD Ministry of Rural Development MRV Measurement Reporting and Verification NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Plan of Actions NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development NCDM National Committee for Disaster Management NCSD National Council for Sustainable Development NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NSDP National Strategic Development Plan NSPGG National Strategic Plan on Green Growth ODA Official Development Assistance PPP Public Private Partnerships REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RE Renewable Energy SDG Sustainable Development Goals SHS Solar Home Systems SMEs Small and Medium Sized Enterprises SNC Second National Communication TNA Technology Needs Assessment TNC Third National Communication UMIC Upper Middle-Income Country UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VDC Village Development Committee VER Verified Emissions Reduction WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health OrganisationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) v Contents Foreword i Acronyms iii Contents . v Executive Summary . 1 Overview 11 National Circumstances . 11 Outline of the Document . 13 2 Mitigation Contribution 13 Business as Usual emission scenarios 13 Mitigation Targets 20 Mitigation measures . 23 3 Adaptation Contribution . 29 Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change 29 Impacts and priorities for adaptation and resilience . 30 Prioritised adaptation actions . 33 4 Cross-cutting areas . 40 Gender . 40 Youth involvement 44 Private sector engagement 45 5 Governance and Implementation Processes 46 The NDC update process . 46 Overarching policy structures . 47 Stakeholder roles and responsibilities . 48 7 Means of Implementation . 51 Finance 51 Barriers and capacity needs 52 Technology needs and availability . 55 Overview 57 MRV for NDC Tracking 58Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) vi Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding . 59 Fairness and ambition . 60 9 Sustainable Development . 61 Appendix 1: Detailed Mitigation Measures 90 Appendix 2: Detailed Adaptation Actions 103 Appendix 3: Selected Bibliography 135 Appendix 4: Emission reduction estimates . 136 Appendix 5: NDC Scenarios 139Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Executive Summary Chapter 1: Introduction The International community reached a truly historic milestone with the Paris climate agreement in 2015. Together, we agreed to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels, to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.', 'Together, we agreed to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels, to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is committed to combating climate change and accelerating the transition to a climate-resilient, low-carbon sustainable mode of development. The RGC has supported global efforts against climate change by being a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1996. Cambodia adopted and ratified the Paris Agreement by which the country submitted an ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which showcased her progress in climate policy, and put forward mitigation targets and adaptation actions consistent with her national circumstances.', 'Cambodia adopted and ratified the Paris Agreement by which the country submitted an ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which showcased her progress in climate policy, and put forward mitigation targets and adaptation actions consistent with her national circumstances. The country is now proud to submit an updated NDC, which strengthens her aspirations towards a cleaner and greener economy and fulfils her obligations to better the lives of her citizens, in particular the vulnerable. The focus of Cambodia’s development is on reducing poverty and ensuring stable economic growth, with the aim of achieving upper-middle income status by 2030, as enshrined in the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP). Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and adaptation features prominently in the NDC.', 'Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and adaptation features prominently in the NDC. At the same time, Cambodia’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are increasing as the country develops. The country has already made remarkable progress in terms of climate change policy, particularly in mainstreaming climate change into national and sub-national planning. The RGC has developed and continues to implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023 (CCCSP) (2013) and each relevant ministry has developed associated action plans (CCAPs). Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report (BUR) was submitted in August 2020, and the Third National Communication (TNC) work is underway.', 'Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report (BUR) was submitted in August 2020, and the Third National Communication (TNC) work is underway. The National Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework for the response to Climate Change has also been developed and regular climate public expenditure reviews have been undertaken.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Cambodia has also improved the tracking of climate finance in her Official Development Assistance (ODA) database, among many other initiatives. Chapter 2: Mitigation This section contains an illustration of Cambodia’s Business as Usual (BAU), the proposed mitigation targets and measures to support the achievement of them.', 'Chapter 2: Mitigation This section contains an illustration of Cambodia’s Business as Usual (BAU), the proposed mitigation targets and measures to support the achievement of them. Business as Usual (BAU) emission scenarios In the BAU scenario, overall GHG emissions in 2030 without the FOLU are expected to rise by up to 79 million tCO2e/year, while overall GHG emissions with the FOLU are expected to increase to 155 million tCO2e/year. Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2e) The FOLU sector will generate the highest overall BAU emissions in 2030, with 49.2% of the forecasted BAU emissions in 2030. This would be followed by the energy sector with 22.2%, the agricultural sector with 17.5%, and Industry (IPPU) with 9.0%.', 'This would be followed by the energy sector with 22.2%, the agricultural sector with 17.5%, and Industry (IPPU) with 9.0%. Mitigation targets Using the information provided by relevant ministries on the mitigation measures, activities and assumptions, NDC scenarios for energy generation, transport, waste, industry, agriculture, and the building sectors were modelled using PROSPECT+, while NDC scenarios for the FOLU sector were developed using the EX-ACT tool.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The estimated emission reductions of the NDC scenario are shown below. Overall GHG emissions reduction (including the FOLU) The estimated emissions reduction with the FOLU by 2030 under the NDC scenario will be approximately 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction of which 59.1% is from the FOLU).', 'Overall GHG emissions reduction (including the FOLU) The estimated emissions reduction with the FOLU by 2030 under the NDC scenario will be approximately 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction of which 59.1% is from the FOLU). Summary over BAU emissions and NDC emissions reduction Sector BAU 2016 emissions e) emissions e) Scenario e) reduction e) emission reduction % Mitigation measures Mitigation actions were identified from information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD) across seven mitigation sectors: energy, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU.', 'Summary over BAU emissions and NDC emissions reduction Sector BAU 2016 emissions e) emissions e) Scenario e) reduction e) emission reduction % Mitigation measures Mitigation actions were identified from information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD) across seven mitigation sectors: energy, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU. GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Overall GHG emissions reduction for NDC scenario (including the FOLU) BAU Scenario NDC ScenarioCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Chapter 3: Adaptation contribution Adaptation features strongly in Cambodia’s initial NDC and is equally important in this updated NDC due to the country’s continued high vulnerability to climate change. Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change Based on several international climate change indices, Cambodia is considered one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change.', 'Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change Based on several international climate change indices, Cambodia is considered one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change. The country is particularly vulnerable to floods, droughts, windstorms, and seawater intrusion. Climate change may reduce the country’s annual average GDP growth by 6.6% and absolute GDP by 0.4% in 2020, by 2.5% in 2030, and up to 9.8% in 2050. This may delay reaching upper middle-income status by one year. Accordingly, Cambodia has begun working to develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) based on the National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPA).', 'Accordingly, Cambodia has begun working to develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) based on the National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPA). Impacts and priorities for adaptation and resilience Cambodia’s vulnerability is characterised by frequent floods and irregular rainfall, coupled with an agrarian based economy, limited human and financial resources, insufficient physical infrastructure, and limited access to technologies. Socio-economic status, location, access to resources and technologies all influence Cambodian’s ability to manage climate impacts. Different social groups experience climate vulnerability differently, and women, children, the disabled, the elderly and other socially marginalised groups are often hit harder. For the development of the SNC, climate change impacts and vulnerability were assessed for the most vulnerable sectors including agriculture and water resources, forestry, coastal zones, and human health.', 'For the development of the SNC, climate change impacts and vulnerability were assessed for the most vulnerable sectors including agriculture and water resources, forestry, coastal zones, and human health. Prioritised adaptation actions As with mitigation, all Line Ministries with adaptation relevance submitted their proposed priority actions (86 in total). The focus sectors, in line with the vulnerability of the country, are: Agriculture (17 actions) Coastal zones (2 actions) Energy (2 actions) Human health (5 actions)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Industry (1 action) Infrastructure – including roads, buildings and urban land use planning (15 actions) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity (7 actions) Tourism (3 actions) Water resources (6 actions).', 'The focus sectors, in line with the vulnerability of the country, are: Agriculture (17 actions) Coastal zones (2 actions) Energy (2 actions) Human health (5 actions)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Industry (1 action) Infrastructure – including roads, buildings and urban land use planning (15 actions) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity (7 actions) Tourism (3 actions) Water resources (6 actions). In addition, a number of Ministries play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC. Such actions can be divided into: Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Chapter 4: Cross-cutting areas The initial NDC was developed quickly which made conducting far-reaching consultations challenging.', 'Such actions can be divided into: Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Chapter 4: Cross-cutting areas The initial NDC was developed quickly which made conducting far-reaching consultations challenging. As such, some crucial areas of climate change policy and implementation were not adequately analysed, namely Gender; Youth involvement; and engagement with the Private sector. Regarding Gender, all sectors, especially waste and energy, are key to mitigation. For adaptation, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors are particularly important, and all ministries provided targets for women’s participation. Gender-balanced training and awareness material and the promotion of ‘women champions’ are key. Most Ministries included gender disaggregated targets of each action across these areas.', 'Most Ministries included gender disaggregated targets of each action across these areas. Regarding youth involvement, in mitigation there is a focus on energy, industry and transport. In adaptation, youth are especially involved in energy, industry, and transport. Also, beyond direct engagement in these sectors, children and youth play a critical role in the development, implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of climate actions across sectors. With regard to private sector engagement, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are key to the industry, waste, and energy sectors. While the private sector is less prevalent than inCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) mitigation sectors, there are strong opportunities, especially for smallholder farmers and foresters. In general, the private sector can provide inputs, knowledge, and finance.', 'In general, the private sector can provide inputs, knowledge, and finance. It is also important to highlight an additional area related to Indigenous People. The Cambodian Constitution recognises that all Khmer citizens (including all indigenous people under the National Policy on the Development of Indigenous Peoples) are equal before the law regardless of race, colour, national origin, etc. During the NDC implementation and particularly for mitigation measures in the FOLU, the RGC will seek to promote the rights of indigenous people, specifically concerning land ownership.', 'During the NDC implementation and particularly for mitigation measures in the FOLU, the RGC will seek to promote the rights of indigenous people, specifically concerning land ownership. Chapter 5: Governance and Implementation Processes The NDC update process The Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development (GSSD) led a preliminary assessment of the NDC implementation and the identification of gaps, as well as the development of the corresponding NDC Roadmap and Stakeholder Engagement Plan. This ensured that the country was able to review her NDC targets by the COP 26 meeting and is expected to achieve her stated contributions by 2030.', 'This ensured that the country was able to review her NDC targets by the COP 26 meeting and is expected to achieve her stated contributions by 2030. Summary of NDC implementation timeline and targets Governance Governance systems set up Mitigation Implementation of mitigation actions Adaptation NAP process ongoing and adaptation actions in NDC implemented Finance Finance systems set up and concessional financing terms MRV/Transparency Limited measurement of progress and development of transparency system NDC and climate change governance systems increasingly mainstreamed Increased ambition, economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process Climate investment plan operational and increased sophistication of finance system Transparency system partially operational NDC and other planning systems perfectly mainstreamed and used to report on NDC and SDGs Real-time economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process and resilience improved Middle-income level of financial sophistication achieved Transparency system upgraded and fully operationalCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The NDC update process was initiated with the relevant line ministries in March 2020 and included contributions from a number of development partner experts.', 'Summary of NDC implementation timeline and targets Governance Governance systems set up Mitigation Implementation of mitigation actions Adaptation NAP process ongoing and adaptation actions in NDC implemented Finance Finance systems set up and concessional financing terms MRV/Transparency Limited measurement of progress and development of transparency system NDC and climate change governance systems increasingly mainstreamed Increased ambition, economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process Climate investment plan operational and increased sophistication of finance system Transparency system partially operational NDC and other planning systems perfectly mainstreamed and used to report on NDC and SDGs Real-time economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process and resilience improved Middle-income level of financial sophistication achieved Transparency system upgraded and fully operationalCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The NDC update process was initiated with the relevant line ministries in March 2020 and included contributions from a number of development partner experts. A private sector event included the participation of stakeholders from a range of different sectors, and local communities and indigenous peoples were engaged in the process.', 'A private sector event included the participation of stakeholders from a range of different sectors, and local communities and indigenous peoples were engaged in the process. Every effort was made to conduct consultations in a gender responsive way. Overarching policy structures Cambodia’s NDC places strong focus on the CCCSP 2014-23 (2013) and the related Sectoral Action Plans for its implementation. The following guidelines are also crucial: Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2016-30 (2018); The National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) 2013-2030 (2013); The Rectangular Strategy IV (2018); The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2019-2023 (that is currently under development); The Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (also under development) sectoral policies; and the related strategies detailed in the Annex.', 'The following guidelines are also crucial: Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2016-30 (2018); The National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) 2013-2030 (2013); The Rectangular Strategy IV (2018); The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2019-2023 (that is currently under development); The Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (also under development) sectoral policies; and the related strategies detailed in the Annex. Stakeholder roles and responsibilities An illustration of the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder with regard to the NDC implementation is below.', 'Stakeholder roles and responsibilities An illustration of the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder with regard to the NDC implementation is below. Stakeholder roles and responsibilities NCSD Ministries/Public Institutions NCDD Development Partners Private/financial Sector NGOs/SCOs Academia GSSD CCTWG Policy Approval Policy development, coordination, Monitoring & Reporting Planning, implementation, Reporting -Development of NDC initiatives - Lead in coordination, integration, capacity building and knowledge management, stakeholder engagement and awareness, legal frameworks, NDC review - Policy Review - Approval of NDC review and implementation plans and policies -Coordination with Internal Stakeholders for inputs and reporting -Development of NDC strategies and supports -Support to integration -NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors -Reporting via CCTWG -Coordination with sub- national administrations for inputs and reporting -Working on NDC strategies and supports -Reporting to CCTWG -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy dialogues -Dissemination of information Provision of research, development, innovation and information Legend Internal stakeholders Key stakeholders -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSD -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Chapter 6: Means of Implementation This section presents an overview of the means of implementation across finance, capacity building, and technology.', 'Stakeholder roles and responsibilities NCSD Ministries/Public Institutions NCDD Development Partners Private/financial Sector NGOs/SCOs Academia GSSD CCTWG Policy Approval Policy development, coordination, Monitoring & Reporting Planning, implementation, Reporting -Development of NDC initiatives - Lead in coordination, integration, capacity building and knowledge management, stakeholder engagement and awareness, legal frameworks, NDC review - Policy Review - Approval of NDC review and implementation plans and policies -Coordination with Internal Stakeholders for inputs and reporting -Development of NDC strategies and supports -Support to integration -NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors -Reporting via CCTWG -Coordination with sub- national administrations for inputs and reporting -Working on NDC strategies and supports -Reporting to CCTWG -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy dialogues -Dissemination of information Provision of research, development, innovation and information Legend Internal stakeholders Key stakeholders -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSD -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Chapter 6: Means of Implementation This section presents an overview of the means of implementation across finance, capacity building, and technology. Finance Despite ongoing efforts, financial demands remain high.', 'Finance Despite ongoing efforts, financial demands remain high. Future resource mobilisation will look towards a reasonable mix of national and international funds, in addition to market mechanisms, where appropriate, and in line with progress on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The total funding required for all mitigation actions is over US $ 5.8 billion. The FOLU, waste, and energy sector actions require the highest funding. Total funding required for all adaptation actions is just over US $ 2 billion. Infrastructure, water, and agriculture require the highest funding. Barriers and capacity needs The NDC review identified the need for capacity building for the NDC implementation, especially for the NCSD/DCC, CCTWG, and sectoral (and sub-national) TWGs.', 'Barriers and capacity needs The NDC review identified the need for capacity building for the NDC implementation, especially for the NCSD/DCC, CCTWG, and sectoral (and sub-national) TWGs. In addition, each ministry submitted its own capacity building needs, which will require a strong international support. Technology needs and availability Cambodia has developed a technology needs assessment for adaptation and mitigation, and technology needs also feature prominently in the sectoral climate change action plans. However, these are largely outdated so each ministry provided an action by action indication of technology needs and availability.', 'However, these are largely outdated so each ministry provided an action by action indication of technology needs and availability. Chapter 7: Transparency Overview The RGC’s approach to developing and operationalising its domestic measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems focuses on integration into the existing climate change M&E framework structure of the CCCSP rather than setting up new layers of institutional structures.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) MRV for NDC Tracking Cambodia is putting significant emphasis on the development of an integrated and detailed MRV system that is also aimed at achieving implementation of the NDC. It will be made up of the following components (mitigation, adaptation, GHG inventory, support received, and the support needed).', 'It will be made up of the following components (mitigation, adaptation, GHG inventory, support received, and the support needed). Components of MRV for NDC tracking The system will detail how monitoring will occur and how data will be managed, aggregated, and translated into reports, with a particular focus on gender and vulnerable groups. A simple, accessible online NDC tracking system will be developed and the tool will be made accessible through the website. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding The NDC contains a summary in table format of such information.', 'Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding The NDC contains a summary in table format of such information. Fairness and ambition Despite being a least developed country with an eighth of the per capita emissions when compared to the global average, with this NDC Cambodia is proposing an ambitious set of sectoral reduction targets and structured and comprehensive adaptation actions.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Chapter 8: Sustainable Development Climate change mitigation and adaptation will be crucial not only to achieve SDG 13 on Climate Action, but a range of other SDGs and the Paris Agreement, given the cross-cutting nature of climate change.', 'Fairness and ambition Despite being a least developed country with an eighth of the per capita emissions when compared to the global average, with this NDC Cambodia is proposing an ambitious set of sectoral reduction targets and structured and comprehensive adaptation actions.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Chapter 8: Sustainable Development Climate change mitigation and adaptation will be crucial not only to achieve SDG 13 on Climate Action, but a range of other SDGs and the Paris Agreement, given the cross-cutting nature of climate change. SDG 13 has significant implications on the achievement of other key priorities of each country, such as poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, water and sanitation, energy access, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities, and sustainable land use and ecosystems1.', 'SDG 13 has significant implications on the achievement of other key priorities of each country, such as poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, water and sanitation, energy access, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities, and sustainable land use and ecosystems1. As part of the Cambodia NDC revision process, an analysis on how the NDCs can impact the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was carried out. Each mitigation measure and adaptation action has been screened against the attainment of the SDGs.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Overview The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is committed to combating climate change and accelerating the transition to a climate-resilient, low-carbon sustainable mode of development.', 'Each mitigation measure and adaptation action has been screened against the attainment of the SDGs.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Overview The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is committed to combating climate change and accelerating the transition to a climate-resilient, low-carbon sustainable mode of development. The RGC has supported global efforts against climate change by being a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1996. Cambodia adopted and ratified the Paris Agreement by which the country submitted an ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) which showcased progress in climate policy and put forward mitigation targets and adaptation actions consistent with the national circumstances.', 'Cambodia adopted and ratified the Paris Agreement by which the country submitted an ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) which showcased progress in climate policy and put forward mitigation targets and adaptation actions consistent with the national circumstances. The country is now proud to submit an updated NDC which strengthens her aspirations towards a cleaner and greener economy and fulfils her obligations to better the lives of her citizens, in particular the most vulnerable people. National Circumstances Cambodia’s development focus is on poverty reduction and stable economic growth, to support the country’s efforts to become an upper middle-income nation by 2030.', 'National Circumstances Cambodia’s development focus is on poverty reduction and stable economic growth, to support the country’s efforts to become an upper middle-income nation by 2030. To meet this aim, the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) prioritises: (1) investment in rural areas; (2) decentralisation of national governance; and (3) further integration into the ASEAN region and the wider international community. Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and adaptation features prominently in the NDC. The sectors most affected are agriculture, infrastructure, forestry, human health, and coastal zone areas are particularly vulnerable to sea level rises and intrusion. According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Cambodia was ranked as the 12th most climate risk-prone country globally, showing the high-level of vulnerability to extreme weather events.', 'According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Cambodia was ranked as the 12th most climate risk-prone country globally, showing the high-level of vulnerability to extreme weather events. However, beyond extreme weather events, climate change also results in slow-onset events that can have significant negative implications for Cambodia and her citizens, particularly the most vulnerable people. Climate change acts as a threat multiplier and its impacts are particularly damaging given the limited adaptive capacity of Cambodia’sCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) population due to socioeconomic conditions such as poverty, malnutrition, agricultural dependence, settlements in flood-prone areas, and public health2. At the same time, Cambodia’s total annual net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rising due to development activities.', 'At the same time, Cambodia’s total annual net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rising due to development activities. Hence, there is a need to prioritise developing Cambodia’s economy and improving the socioeconomic wellbeing of its population, including the most vulnerable people, through low-carbon pathways. Cambodia has already made remarkable progress in climate change policy, especially in mainstreaming climate change into national and sub-national planning. The Cambodian Government’s coordinated strategy to tackle climate change is focused on adaptation, with a gradual increase in mitigation actions aligned with economic development goals. Cambodia has developed and continues to implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023 (CCCSP) (2015) and each relevant ministry has developed associated action plans (CCAPs).', 'Cambodia has developed and continues to implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023 (CCCSP) (2015) and each relevant ministry has developed associated action plans (CCAPs). The country submitted her Intended NDC to the UNFCCC ahead of the Conference of Parties (COP) 21 in Paris in 2015 and then ratified the NDC in 2016. Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report (BUR) was also completed and submitted in August 2020 and the Third National Communication (TNC) work is underway. Further submissions of the NDCs will enable the Cambodian Government to progress in the fulfilment of the Paris Climate Agreement. The successful implementation of Cambodia’s NDC will, however, rely on adequately accessing and mobilising domestic and international climate finance.', 'The successful implementation of Cambodia’s NDC will, however, rely on adequately accessing and mobilising domestic and international climate finance. Cambodia has also made strong progress in developing and implementing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks, including for finance. The country has produced regular climate public expenditure reviews and has improved tracking of climate finance in her Official Development Assistance (ODA) database. The National M&E Framework for Climate Change Response has also been developed and future adaptation and mitigation efforts are anticipated to be supported by international donors and multilateral funds, as well as national contributions. 2 Davies, G.I. et al (2015)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Outline of the Document This document contains Cambodia’s updated NDC, in alignment with the UNFCCC’s decisions.', 'et al (2015)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Outline of the Document This document contains Cambodia’s updated NDC, in alignment with the UNFCCC’s decisions. Cambodia’s INDC, submitted in 2015 and ratified in 2016, already contains mitigation targets and adaptation actions until 2030, so this document updates the initial submission. Accordingly, the document is structured as follows: Section 2 contains the mitigation contribution, Section 3 illustrates the adaptation contribution, Section 4 includes cross-cutting areas of gender, youth involvement, and private sector engagement, Section 5 contains governance and implementation processes, Section 6 includes the means of implementation, Section 7 contains an illustration of transparency means across mitigation, adaptation, and finance, and In Section 8, the relationship between Cambodia’s NDC and sustainable development is presented.', 'Accordingly, the document is structured as follows: Section 2 contains the mitigation contribution, Section 3 illustrates the adaptation contribution, Section 4 includes cross-cutting areas of gender, youth involvement, and private sector engagement, Section 5 contains governance and implementation processes, Section 6 includes the means of implementation, Section 7 contains an illustration of transparency means across mitigation, adaptation, and finance, and In Section 8, the relationship between Cambodia’s NDC and sustainable development is presented. 2 Mitigation Contribution This section contains an illustration of Cambodia’s Business as Usual (BAU), the proposed mitigation targets and measures to support the achievement of these targets. Business as Usual emission scenarios BAU scenarios were developed covering energy generation, transport, waste, industry, agriculture, building, and the forestry and other land use (FOLU) sectors.', 'Business as Usual emission scenarios BAU scenarios were developed covering energy generation, transport, waste, industry, agriculture, building, and the forestry and other land use (FOLU) sectors. The BAU scenarios for electricity, transport, buildings, cement, other industries (excluding cement), agriculture, and waste sectors were developed using the PROSPECT+ model. The FOLU sector was formed based on the model developed for the REDD+ NDC assessment by the REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS).Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Overall GHG emissions (including the FOLU) were validated using GHG emission values in the latest Biennial Update Report (BUR, 2020), which consists of GHG emissions from 2010 - 2016 for most of the sectors (except the FOLU). As shown in Table 1, the UNFCCC sectors were generated by combining certain PROSPECTS+ sectors.', 'As shown in Table 1, the UNFCCC sectors were generated by combining certain PROSPECTS+ sectors. Table 1 PROSPECTS+ Sectors conversion into the UNFCCC sectors No PROSPECTS+ Sector UNFCCC sector 1 Electricity Energy 4 Other industry Industry (IPPU) 6 Waste Waste For each sector, a BAU scenario was developed by extrapolating past emission trends, interpolating available data, and using relevant influential factors (GDP, population, and the forestry growth rate) to fill in missing data in a sequence. 3 We have kept Agriculture and the FOLU sectors separately in order to make the decision-making process easier for the government.', '3 We have kept Agriculture and the FOLU sectors separately in order to make the decision-making process easier for the government. However, we can merge it if needed and present as the AFOLU sector.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 1 Overall GHG emissions in BAU scenarios (including the FOLU) According to Figure 1, overall GHG emissions in 2030 without the FOLU would rise by up to 79 million tCO2e/year, while overall GHG emissions with the FOLU are expected to increase to 155 million tCO2e/year. Figure 2 illustrates the forecast emissions for mitigation sectors under the BAU Scenario (including the FOLU Scenario) until 2030.', 'Figure 2 illustrates the forecast emissions for mitigation sectors under the BAU Scenario (including the FOLU Scenario) until 2030. The lower line (in grey) shows the BAU emissions of the waste sector, which has the lowest BAU emissions among all sectors, while most upper line (in green) shows the cumulative BAU emissions of all sectors. GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Overall GHG emissions in BAU scenarios (including the FOLU) BAU Scenario (Including FOLU) Calculated BAU Scenario (Including FOLU) BURCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 2 Projections of the BAU GHG emissions for all mitigation sectors Figure 3 illustrates the forecast of emissions for each mitigation sector (excluding the FOLU) up to 2030.', 'GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Overall GHG emissions in BAU scenarios (including the FOLU) BAU Scenario (Including FOLU) Calculated BAU Scenario (Including FOLU) BURCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 2 Projections of the BAU GHG emissions for all mitigation sectors Figure 3 illustrates the forecast of emissions for each mitigation sector (excluding the FOLU) up to 2030. Figure 3 The BAU GHG emission projections for mitigation sectors (without the FOLU) GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Projection of sector wise cumulative BAU emissions including the FOLU Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + Energy + FOLU Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + Energy Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture Waste + Industry(IPPU) Waste GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Projections of sector wise BAU emissions excluding the FOLU Waste Waste + Industry(IPPU) Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + EnergyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the BAU scenarios for all sectors are steadily increasing.', 'Figure 3 The BAU GHG emission projections for mitigation sectors (without the FOLU) GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Projection of sector wise cumulative BAU emissions including the FOLU Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + Energy + FOLU Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + Energy Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture Waste + Industry(IPPU) Waste GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Projections of sector wise BAU emissions excluding the FOLU Waste Waste + Industry(IPPU) Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture Waste + Industry(IPPU)+ Agriculture + EnergyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the BAU scenarios for all sectors are steadily increasing. The highest emissions contributor is the FOLU sector, followed by the agricultural sector.', 'The highest emissions contributor is the FOLU sector, followed by the agricultural sector. The share of emission contributions of the sectors in 2016 and 2030 are illustrated in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7 below. Figure 4 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Table 2 Sectoral share and absolute number of the BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) The FOLU sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2030, contributing up to 49.2% of the BAU emissions. This would be followed by the energy sector with 22.2%, the agricultural sector with 17.5%, and industry (IPPU) with 9.0%.', 'This would be followed by the energy sector with 22.2%, the agricultural sector with 17.5%, and industry (IPPU) with 9.0%. The FOLU, energy, agriculture, and industry (IPPU) sectors would be responsible for more than 95% of the estimated BAU emissions in 2030. BAU GHG Emissions in 2030 (Including the FOLU) FOLU Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste million eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 5 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Table 3 Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) When considering the BAU emissions without the FOLU, the energy sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2030.', 'BAU GHG Emissions in 2030 (Including the FOLU) FOLU Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste million eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 5 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Table 3 Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2030 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) When considering the BAU emissions without the FOLU, the energy sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2030. This would be followed by the agriculture sector with 34.5%, industry (IPPU) with 17.7%, and waste with 4.1% BAU GHG Emissions in 2030 (Excluding the FOLU) Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste million eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 6 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Table 4 Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) The FOLU sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2016 also, contributing up to 61% of the forecasted BAU emissions.', 'This would be followed by the agriculture sector with 34.5%, industry (IPPU) with 17.7%, and waste with 4.1% BAU GHG Emissions in 2030 (Excluding the FOLU) Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste million eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 6 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Table 4 Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) The FOLU sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2016 also, contributing up to 61% of the forecasted BAU emissions. This would be followed by the agricultural sector with 16.9%, the energy sector with 12%, and industry (IPPU) with 7.9%. The FOLU, agriculture, energy, and industry (IPPU) sectors were responsible for more than 95% of BAU emissions in 2016.', 'The FOLU, agriculture, energy, and industry (IPPU) sectors were responsible for more than 95% of BAU emissions in 2016. BAU GHG Emissions in 2016 (Including the FOLU) FOLU Agriculture Energy Industry(IPPU) Waste million eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 7 Sectoral share of the BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Table 5 Sectoral share and absolute number of BAU GHG emissions in 2016 Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG Emissions (MtCO2 e) When considering the BAU emissions without the FOLU, the agricultural sector would contribute the highest overall BAU emissions in 2016. This would be followed by the energy sector with 30.8%, the industrial sector (IPPU) with 20.3%, and the waste sector with 5.5%.', 'This would be followed by the energy sector with 30.8%, the industrial sector (IPPU) with 20.3%, and the waste sector with 5.5%. Mitigation Targets Using the information provided by relevant ministries on the mitigation measures, activities, and assumptions, NDC scenarios for energy, transport, waste, industry, agriculture, and the building sectors were modelled using PROSPECT+, while the NDC scenarios for the FOLU sector were developed using the EX-ACT tool. BAU GHG Emissions in 2016 (Excluding the FOLU) Agriculture Energy Industry(IPPU) Waste eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The majority of targets identified below are conditional on the international support. Cambodia also implements mitigation actions under the country’s sustainable development programme. The start and end year of each project were considered as 2020 and 2030, respectively.', 'The start and end year of each project were considered as 2020 and 2030, respectively. Overall GHG emission reductions including the FOLU NDC Scenarios The FOLU NDC Scenario: Reduce 50% of historical emissions by 2030 (REDD+ programme); This target is based on the REDD+ national strategy which was included due to recommendations from the REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) and the Department of Climate Change. The main assumption of the calculation was to reduce the 50% historical emission from the forest sector (76.3 million tCO2e) by 2030 (38.1 million tCO2e) with an average annual reduction of 21 million tCO2e/year. (Further information on the NDC scenarios is provided in Appendix 6). The estimated emission reductions under the NDC scenario are shown in Figure 8 below.', 'The estimated emission reductions under the NDC scenario are shown in Figure 8 below. Figure 8 Overall GHG emission reduction (including the FOLU) GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Overall GHG emission reduction for the NDC scenario (including the FOLU) BAU Scenario NDC ScenarioCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) As per Figure 8, the estimated emission reductions with the FOLU by 2030 under the NDC scenario will be approximately 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction, of which 59.1% is from the FOLU). The NDC Scenario - contributions by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reductions under the NDC scenario among the sectors is indicated in Figure 9 below.', 'The NDC Scenario - contributions by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reductions under the NDC scenario among the sectors is indicated in Figure 9 below. Figure 9 GHG emissions reduction under the NDC scenario in 2030 Table 6 Sectoral share and absolute number of GHG emission reduction under NDC scenario Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG emission reduction (MtCO2e) GHG emission reduction under the NDC scenario - 2030 FOLU Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste eCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The emissions reduction of 64.6 million tCO2e/year is expected by 2030. This is a 41.7 % reduction compared with the BAU case. The FOLU is expected to provide the major share of 59.1% emission reduction by 2030.', 'The FOLU is expected to provide the major share of 59.1% emission reduction by 2030. Other sectors like energy (21.3%), agriculture (9.6%), industry (IPPU) (9.1%), and waste (0.9%) are also expected to contribute significantly. This approach will have a better resilience to failure in mitigation activities. One disadvantage of the involvement of many sectors could be the need for more experts in many fields. However, this could be considered as an opportunity to develop or strengthen Cambodia’s capacity. Mitigating emissions from the electricity sector will be directed mainly on the renewable energy power generation. There will be barriers imposed by the availability and the absorption capacity of the grid, which would have to be addressed for the achievement of targets.', 'There will be barriers imposed by the availability and the absorption capacity of the grid, which would have to be addressed for the achievement of targets. Mitigating the transport sector emissions would require policy instruments and carbon pricing instruments to promote low emission transport modes. Social acceptance would depend on the chosen approaches, public awareness-raising activities, and the instruments used. The other industrial sector will expand and play a major role during Cambodia’s development. Therefore, the energy efficiency and process development of existing as well as new industries will have to be improved in order to minimize the effect on emissions. As the cost of the RE is on the reducing trend use of the renewable energy will be a cost-effective mitigation strategy.', 'As the cost of the RE is on the reducing trend use of the renewable energy will be a cost-effective mitigation strategy. Mitigation measures The Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the GSSD, supported by the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA), has been coordinating stakeholder engagement and collecting submissions from line ministries on priorities for the NDC revision for both mitigation and adaptation activities.', 'Mitigation measures The Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the GSSD, supported by the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA), has been coordinating stakeholder engagement and collecting submissions from line ministries on priorities for the NDC revision for both mitigation and adaptation activities. The template used to ensure comparability across mitigation actions is the following.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 7 Template for ministerial submissions for Mitigation Projects Scoring Government priority: 1=not in line with a government priority 2= no government policy in place 3=in line with the government priorities Mitigation potential (as example) e/year Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits 2= action has many co-benefits Finance: 1= cost/benefits= negative 2= cost/benefits= positive Technology: 1= not available Gender: 1= no impact on equality, no gender inclusion possible 2= medium impact on equality, medium gender inclusion possible 3= good possibility to build equality, gender inclusion Mitigation actions were identified from the NDC related information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD).', 'The template used to ensure comparability across mitigation actions is the following.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 7 Template for ministerial submissions for Mitigation Projects Scoring Government priority: 1=not in line with a government priority 2= no government policy in place 3=in line with the government priorities Mitigation potential (as example) e/year Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits 2= action has many co-benefits Finance: 1= cost/benefits= negative 2= cost/benefits= positive Technology: 1= not available Gender: 1= no impact on equality, no gender inclusion possible 2= medium impact on equality, medium gender inclusion possible 3= good possibility to build equality, gender inclusion Mitigation actions were identified from the NDC related information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD). These projects were filtered and a list of mitigation projects was prepared.', 'These projects were filtered and a list of mitigation projects was prepared. The mitigation projects are distributed among seven sectors: energy, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU. Table 8 shows the identified list.', 'Table 8 shows the identified list. No Mitigation action Government priority GHG mitigation potential Targets Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) Finance Technology availability Gender Final score Costs BenefitsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1.043 MtCO2 MISTI Other Industries 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Building residential Building commercial 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in 2030 MME Other Industries Building residential Building commercial 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in MME Building commercial Other Industries 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Building residential 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources.', 'No Mitigation action Government priority GHG mitigation potential Targets Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) Finance Technology availability Gender Final score Costs BenefitsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1.043 MtCO2 MISTI Other Industries 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Building residential Building commercial 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in 2030 MME Other Industries Building residential Building commercial 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in MME Building commercial Other Industries 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Building residential 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources. 25 % of the renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME Energy generation 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill MoE Waste -MSW 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source).', '25 % of the renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME Energy generation 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill MoE Waste -MSW 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source). If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 MoE Waste -MSWCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector then up to 0.5 MtCO2 e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill.', 'If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 MoE Waste -MSWCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector then up to 0.5 MtCO2 e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.', 'GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.', 'NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed.', '90% of factories to be licensed. 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Agriculture land- related 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Agriculture land- related 28 Promote manure management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF Agriculture land- related 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector emissions MISTI Wastewater 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan Enhanced MEPS and F-gas transition for room air conditioners and residential refrigerators targeting the new & existing equipment stock in the country.', '25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Agriculture land- related 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Agriculture land- related 28 Promote manure management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF Agriculture land- related 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector emissions MISTI Wastewater 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan Enhanced MEPS and F-gas transition for room air conditioners and residential refrigerators targeting the new & existing equipment stock in the country. MLMUCP Building commercial 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia 20% of the newly constructed buildings will comply with Building Energy Code MLMUCP Building commercial 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings.', 'MLMUCP Building commercial 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia 20% of the newly constructed buildings will comply with Building Energy Code MLMUCP Building commercial 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings. - cities (Phnom Penh and Siem Reap) analysed for mitigating UHIE and projects are implemented - 2% of the existing public and commercial buildings are retrofitted with passive cooling measures MLMUCP Building commercial Source: Ministries’ submissions (Project level emissions were submitted by the line ministries listed under Appendix 5).Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 8 The FOLU targets (detailed list of actions are listed in the Appendix 5) No FOLU activities/target Lead Ministry Sector 1 FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by 2030 Activities: - Improve management and monitoring of forest resources and forest land use - Strengthen implementation of sustainable forest management - Approaches to reduce deforestation, build capacity, and engage stakeholders REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) FOLU Source: Ministerial submissions and REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3 Adaptation Contribution Adaptation features strongly in Cambodia’s initial NDC and is equally important in this updated NDC, due to the country’s continued high vulnerability to climate change.', '- cities (Phnom Penh and Siem Reap) analysed for mitigating UHIE and projects are implemented - 2% of the existing public and commercial buildings are retrofitted with passive cooling measures MLMUCP Building commercial Source: Ministries’ submissions (Project level emissions were submitted by the line ministries listed under Appendix 5).Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 8 The FOLU targets (detailed list of actions are listed in the Appendix 5) No FOLU activities/target Lead Ministry Sector 1 FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by 2030 Activities: - Improve management and monitoring of forest resources and forest land use - Strengthen implementation of sustainable forest management - Approaches to reduce deforestation, build capacity, and engage stakeholders REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) FOLU Source: Ministerial submissions and REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3 Adaptation Contribution Adaptation features strongly in Cambodia’s initial NDC and is equally important in this updated NDC, due to the country’s continued high vulnerability to climate change. Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change According to several international climate change indices, Cambodia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse impacts of climate change4.', 'Cambodia’s vulnerability to climate change According to several international climate change indices, Cambodia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse impacts of climate change4. The Global Climate Risk Index (1999–2018)5 placed Cambodia at 12th place among the most vulnerable countries globally. The World Risk Index (2019)6, calculated as a product of exposure and vulnerability, categorised Cambodia as among the ‘very high’ impacted countries. Rising temperatures are likely to lead to increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in a fragile socio-economic context. The country s climate vulnerability results in loss and damage to human life, livelihoods, and the national economy, as well as the degradation of her natural resources. The country is particularly vulnerable to floods, droughts, windstorms, and seawater intrusion.', 'The country is particularly vulnerable to floods, droughts, windstorms, and seawater intrusion. According to a series of vulnerability assessments carried out in 20167, 17.5% of Cambodia’s communes were ‘highly’ vulnerable (i.e. 288 communes) and 27.28% (449 communes) were ‘quite’ vulnerable to multiple climate change hazards. Notably, recent research8 indicates that without climate change, the real GDP will grow at an average of 6.9% per year from 2017 to 2050, achieving Upper Middle-Income Country (UMIC) status in 2035. With climate change, the headline projections use the mid-climate change scenario and a mid-adaptation scenario that is equivalent to current levels of adaptation. Climate change reduces average GDP growth to 6.6% and absolute GDP by 0.4% in 2020, 2.5% in 2030, and 9.8% in 2050.', 'Climate change reduces average GDP growth to 6.6% and absolute GDP by 0.4% in 2020, 2.5% in 2030, and 9.8% in 2050. As a result, the UMIC status may be delayed by one 5 Source: Eckstein et al. (2019) 6 Source: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft (2019) 7 The information is queried from the Commune DatabaseCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) year. Accordingly, Cambodia has begun developing her National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The NAP process builds on work carried out as part of the National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA), the Second National Communication (SNC) and the CCSAP, among others. The NAP identifies climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation actions for Cambodia.', 'The NAP identifies climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation actions for Cambodia. Impacts and priorities for adaptation and resilience Cambodia’s vulnerability is characterised by frequent flooding and irregular rainfall, coupled with an agrarian based economy, limited human and financial resources, insufficient physical infrastructure, and limited access to technologies. Socio-economic status, as well as location, access to resources and technology all influence Cambodia’s ability to manage the impact of climate change. Different social groups experience climate vulnerability differently and women, children, the disabled, the elderly and other socially marginalised groups often feel the impacts of climate change disproportionately. For the development of the SNC9, climate change impacts and vulnerability were assessed for the most vulnerable sectors, namely agriculture and water resources, forestry, coastal zones, and human health.', 'For the development of the SNC9, climate change impacts and vulnerability were assessed for the most vulnerable sectors, namely agriculture and water resources, forestry, coastal zones, and human health. Agriculture and water resources: Under future climate conditions (2025 and 2050), most of Cambodia’s agricultural areas will be exposed to higher risks of drought. Based on data from the past 20 years, losses in production were mainly due to flooding (about 62%) and drought (about 36%). Most flooding occurs due to increased water levels in the Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake between early July and early October. Disruptions to logistical corridors caused by floods have a profound impact to agricultural supply chains, both domestically and for international trade.', 'Disruptions to logistical corridors caused by floods have a profound impact to agricultural supply chains, both domestically and for international trade. The impact of climate change on yield is quite significant. Under the high emission scenario (SRES-A2)10, wet season rice yield (rain-fed) is continuously expected to decrease until 2080 and could fall by up to 70% of current yield levels. Similarly, for the dry season, (irrigated) rice yields for crops planted in November and DecemberCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) could decrease by 40%. The negative impacts on agricultural production can lead to breakdown of food systems, and vulnerable groups risk further deterioration into food and nutrition crises if exposed to extreme climate events.', 'The negative impacts on agricultural production can lead to breakdown of food systems, and vulnerable groups risk further deterioration into food and nutrition crises if exposed to extreme climate events. Adaptation strategies, for example additional time in sourcing water or pasture, can particularly affect women labour allocation, in turn influencing time available for childcare and feeding (e.g. breastfeeding exclusively, preparing healthy meals). Further strain on the workload of women and climate change related stress during pregnancy could contribute to low birth weight, leading to increases in risks of undernutrition and non-communicable diseases11.', 'Further strain on the workload of women and climate change related stress during pregnancy could contribute to low birth weight, leading to increases in risks of undernutrition and non-communicable diseases11. Forestry: More than 4 million hectares of lowland forest, especially those located in the northeast and southwest, which currently have a water deficit period of between four and six months, will become exposed to a water deficit period of between six and eight months or more. A decrease in forest cover may in turn have negative implications for the population, especially children, through micronutrient deficiencies12. Moreover, decreased forest cover, either from climate change or deforestation, increases the risk of landslides13.', 'Moreover, decreased forest cover, either from climate change or deforestation, increases the risk of landslides13. Coastal zones: Rising sea levels are expected to impact coastal systems through inundation, flood and storm damage, loss of wetlands, erosion, saltwater intrusion, and rising water tables. Analysis of the impact of sea-level rises on coastal areas suggests that a total area of about 25,000 ha would be permanently inundated by a sea level rise of one metre, increasing to 38,000 ha at a sea level rise of two metres. Under a high emissions scenario, and without large investments in adaptation, an annual average of 30,700 people are projected to be affected by flooding due to sea level rises between 2070 and 210014. Cambodia also faces inland river flood risks.', 'Cambodia also faces inland river flood risks. It 11 Gender, Climate change, Health WHO: Cambodia: for key sectors in Cambodia: 12 Impacts of forests on children’s diet in rural areas across 27 developing countries: 13 Deforestation Effects on Rainfall‐Induced Shallow Landslides: Remote Sensing and Physically‐Based Modelling 14 From WHO Climate and Health Profile Cambodia 2015: Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is projected that by 2030 an additional 69,800 people may be at risk of river floods annually as a result of climate change, above the estimated 89,700 annually affected population in 2010. Human health: Under a high emissions scenario, the mean annual temperature is projected to rise by about 4.2°C on average from 1990 to 2100.', 'Human health: Under a high emissions scenario, the mean annual temperature is projected to rise by about 4.2°C on average from 1990 to 2100. This will negatively impact the most vulnerable populations, especially children and the elderly, particularly through heatwaves15. Higher temperatures and variable precipitation accelerates microbial growth, transmission and virulence, can lead to changes in the seasonal and geographic distribution of vector-borne and water-borne diseases16. The spatial pattern of malaria risk in Cambodia has been found to change as rainfall and temperature change in the future. The transmission risk tends to increase until 2050, and then decreases again in 208017. High temperature and precipitation changes can also result in lower food production in the tropics as well as heat-related diseases.', 'High temperature and precipitation changes can also result in lower food production in the tropics as well as heat-related diseases. In addition, the SNC highlighted gaps in information on the role of ecosystems and natural protection assets such as soils, forests, coral reefs, and sea grasses in preventing losses due to climate change, as well as helping to build adaptive capacity. Cambodia’s adaptation contribution follows the planning and implementation cycle of the NAP process and integrates elements that are specific to the NDC.', 'Cambodia’s adaptation contribution follows the planning and implementation cycle of the NAP process and integrates elements that are specific to the NDC. 15 WHO Climate and Health Profile Cambodia 2015: 16 Children’s Environment and Health in East Asia and the Pacific: Figure 10 NDC-NAP linkages Source: CDKN (2016) Prioritised adaptation actions Similarly, to mitigation, the template used to ensure comparability across adaptation actions is illustrated below. Table 9 Template for ministerial submissions for Adaptation Scoring Government priority: 1=not in line with a government priority; 2= no government policy in place; 3=in line with a government priority Resilience potential: Vulnerable communities targeted etc. Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach; 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits; No.', 'Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach; 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits; No. Adaptation action Government priority Resilience building potential Targets Co-benefits (mitigation, environmental, social) Finance Technology availability Gender Final score Costs BenefitsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 2= action has many co-benefits Finance: 1= cost/benefits= negative; 3= cost/benefits= positive Technology: 1= not available; Gender: 1= no impact on equality, no gender inclusion; 2= medium impact on equality, medium gender inclusion; 3= good possibility to build equality, gender inclusion. All line ministries with adaptation relevance submitted their proposed priority actions, which are presented in Annex 2. Prioritised adaptation actions The following table summarises the proposed adaptation actions subdivided by sectors and the corresponding lead ministry.', 'Prioritised adaptation actions The following table summarises the proposed adaptation actions subdivided by sectors and the corresponding lead ministry. The focus sectors, in line with the vulnerability of the country, are the followings (58): Agriculture, including agribusiness, animal health and production, agriculture / energy, and agriculture / gender (17 actions) Coastal zones (2 actions) Energy (2 actions) Human health (5 actions) Industry (1 action) Infrastructure – including roads, buildings, and urban land use planning (15 actions) Livelihoods, poverty, and biodiversity (7 actions) Tourism (3 actions) Water resources (6 actions).', 'The focus sectors, in line with the vulnerability of the country, are the followings (58): Agriculture, including agribusiness, animal health and production, agriculture / energy, and agriculture / gender (17 actions) Coastal zones (2 actions) Energy (2 actions) Human health (5 actions) Industry (1 action) Infrastructure – including roads, buildings, and urban land use planning (15 actions) Livelihoods, poverty, and biodiversity (7 actions) Tourism (3 actions) Water resources (6 actions). Table 10 Priority adaptation actions Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 1 Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang Agriculture NCDD 2 Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFF 3 Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFFCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 4 Development of Industry crops for increase in production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFF 5 Improvement of support services and capacity building to crop production resilient to climate change by promoting research, trials and up-scaling climate-smart farming systems that increase resilience to CC and extreme weather events Agriculture MAFF 6 Building climate change resilience on cassava production and processing Agriculture MAFF 7 Research for the development and enhancement of agricultural productivity, quality, and transfer through strengthening of crop variety conservation and new crop variety release responding to the impacts of climate change Agriculture MAFF 8 Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 9 Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change Agriculture MAFF 10 Enhancing institutional and capacity development on climate change impact, vulnerability assessment, adaption measures and mitigation related to rubber sector Agriculture MAFF 11 Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through AI which can adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 12 Promotion of research capacities on animal genetic, animal breeding, and animal feed is strengthened to adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 13 Strengthening capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector Agriculture MAFF 14 Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change Agriculture MAFF 15 Promoting climate resilience in the capture fisheries sector Agriculture MAFF 16 Scaled up climate‐resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐ resilient practices Agriculture NCDD 17 Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people Agriculture MRD 18 Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities.', 'Table 10 Priority adaptation actions Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 1 Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang Agriculture NCDD 2 Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFF 3 Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFFCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 4 Development of Industry crops for increase in production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement Agriculture MAFF 5 Improvement of support services and capacity building to crop production resilient to climate change by promoting research, trials and up-scaling climate-smart farming systems that increase resilience to CC and extreme weather events Agriculture MAFF 6 Building climate change resilience on cassava production and processing Agriculture MAFF 7 Research for the development and enhancement of agricultural productivity, quality, and transfer through strengthening of crop variety conservation and new crop variety release responding to the impacts of climate change Agriculture MAFF 8 Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 9 Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change Agriculture MAFF 10 Enhancing institutional and capacity development on climate change impact, vulnerability assessment, adaption measures and mitigation related to rubber sector Agriculture MAFF 11 Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through AI which can adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 12 Promotion of research capacities on animal genetic, animal breeding, and animal feed is strengthened to adapt to climate change Agriculture MAFF 13 Strengthening capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector Agriculture MAFF 14 Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change Agriculture MAFF 15 Promoting climate resilience in the capture fisheries sector Agriculture MAFF 16 Scaled up climate‐resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐ resilient practices Agriculture NCDD 17 Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people Agriculture MRD 18 Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities. Coastal zones MOE 19 Effective management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans Coastal zones MOE 20 Conduct climate risk analysis for the existing electricity infrastructures and provide recommendations Energy MME 21 Climate proofing existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure Energy MMECambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 22 Enable effective decision-making for health interventions through generation of information and improved surveillance or early-warning systems Human health MOH 23 Enhance climate resilience in health service delivery Human health MOH 24 Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector-borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change Human health MOH 25 Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessments on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities.', 'Coastal zones MOE 19 Effective management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans Coastal zones MOE 20 Conduct climate risk analysis for the existing electricity infrastructures and provide recommendations Energy MME 21 Climate proofing existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure Energy MMECambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 22 Enable effective decision-making for health interventions through generation of information and improved surveillance or early-warning systems Human health MOH 23 Enhance climate resilience in health service delivery Human health MOH 24 Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector-borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change Human health MOH 25 Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessments on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities. Human health MOH 26 Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation Human health MOH 27 Heat stress adaptation for industrial production Industry MISTI 28 Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) Infrastructure - Buildings MLMUPC 29 Develop resilient infrastructure of school buildings in response to climate change Infrastructure - Buildings MOEYS 30 Implement climate change and disaster resilient construction and infrastructure standards including for public sector and community-focused buildings covering public health, education, WASH etc.', 'Human health MOH 26 Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation Human health MOH 27 Heat stress adaptation for industrial production Industry MISTI 28 Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) Infrastructure - Buildings MLMUPC 29 Develop resilient infrastructure of school buildings in response to climate change Infrastructure - Buildings MOEYS 30 Implement climate change and disaster resilient construction and infrastructure standards including for public sector and community-focused buildings covering public health, education, WASH etc. Infrastructure - Buildings NCDM 31 Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 32 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 33 Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization.', 'Infrastructure - Buildings NCDM 31 Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 32 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 33 Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization. Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries’ submissionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC.', 'Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries’ submissionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC. Such actions can be divided into the followings (29): Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Table 11 Enabling actions No.', 'Such actions can be divided into the followings (29): Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Table 11 Enabling actions No. Action Cross- cutting Lead Ministry 1 Upgrading curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects in primary schools Education MOEYS 2 Upgrading curricula to include climate change for non-formal education Education MOEYS 3 Build centres of excellence for delivering climate change courses and research among Universities Education MOEYS 4 Conduct training for education officials on climate change e.g.', 'Action Cross- cutting Lead Ministry 1 Upgrading curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects in primary schools Education MOEYS 2 Upgrading curricula to include climate change for non-formal education Education MOEYS 3 Build centres of excellence for delivering climate change courses and research among Universities Education MOEYS 4 Conduct training for education officials on climate change e.g. as a required component of teacher training Education MOEYS 5 Strengthen institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation policies, plans, programming, including gender sensitive budgeting Gender MOWA 6 Enhance coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disabilities (PWD), youth, and the elderly Gender MOWA 7 Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with a particular focus on collecting and managing sex-disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting and the dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated.', 'as a required component of teacher training Education MOEYS 5 Strengthen institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation policies, plans, programming, including gender sensitive budgeting Gender MOWA 6 Enhance coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disabilities (PWD), youth, and the elderly Gender MOWA 7 Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with a particular focus on collecting and managing sex-disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting and the dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated. Gender MOWA 8 Capacity Development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive budgeting and NDC Gender MOWA 9 Develop technical guidelines for Gender mainstreaming in NDC process Gender MOWA 10 Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change Gender NCDD 11 Local government and Climate Change-III (LGCC3) Governance NCDD 12 Reducing vulnerability of local communities though sub-national climate governance reform (focusing on policy) Governance NCDDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', 'Gender MOWA 8 Capacity Development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive budgeting and NDC Gender MOWA 9 Develop technical guidelines for Gender mainstreaming in NDC process Gender MOWA 10 Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change Gender NCDD 11 Local government and Climate Change-III (LGCC3) Governance NCDD 12 Reducing vulnerability of local communities though sub-national climate governance reform (focusing on policy) Governance NCDDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Action Cross- cutting Lead Ministry 13 Enhance the quality of broadcasting means and expand the capacity of coverage for raising awareness on climate change nationwide Information MOINF 14 Training and enhancing human capacity on climate change in the information sector Information MOINF 15 Urge private media organizations to participate in covering climate change related topics and to complement state broadcasting agencies.', 'Action Cross- cutting Lead Ministry 13 Enhance the quality of broadcasting means and expand the capacity of coverage for raising awareness on climate change nationwide Information MOINF 14 Training and enhancing human capacity on climate change in the information sector Information MOINF 15 Urge private media organizations to participate in covering climate change related topics and to complement state broadcasting agencies. Information MOINF 16 Urge and encourage to reduce (or ban) all forms of commercial advertisement that has negative impact on the environment Information MOINF 17 News coverage and program production for awareness raising on climate change and its impacts Knowledge sharing MOINF 18 Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (Focus on implementation) Policy and planning NCDD 19 Mainstreaming climate change into Education Strategic Plan 2019- 2023 Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Education 2030 Policy and planning MOEYS 20 Strengthen the cooperation with local and International development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions for technical and financial support to implement the adaptation planning in the media sector Policy and planning MOINF 21 Development of climate change national/capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators Policy and planning MOP 22 Development of a climate change public investment program for the national/capital/ provincial levels Policy and planning MOP 23 Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into rural development planning processes and technical design.', 'Information MOINF 16 Urge and encourage to reduce (or ban) all forms of commercial advertisement that has negative impact on the environment Information MOINF 17 News coverage and program production for awareness raising on climate change and its impacts Knowledge sharing MOINF 18 Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (Focus on implementation) Policy and planning NCDD 19 Mainstreaming climate change into Education Strategic Plan 2019- 2023 Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Education 2030 Policy and planning MOEYS 20 Strengthen the cooperation with local and International development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions for technical and financial support to implement the adaptation planning in the media sector Policy and planning MOINF 21 Development of climate change national/capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators Policy and planning MOP 22 Development of a climate change public investment program for the national/capital/ provincial levels Policy and planning MOP 23 Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into rural development planning processes and technical design. Policy and planning MRD 24 Build adaptive capacity on climate change for Village leaders (Village Development Committees, VDCs) Policy and planning MRD 25 Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/communes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) Policy and planning NCSD 26 Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for 2024-2033 Policy and planning NCSD 27 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans Policy and planning NCSD 28 Enhance institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy.', 'Policy and planning MRD 24 Build adaptive capacity on climate change for Village leaders (Village Development Committees, VDCs) Policy and planning MRD 25 Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/communes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) Policy and planning NCSD 26 Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for 2024-2033 Policy and planning NCSD 27 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans Policy and planning NCSD 28 Enhance institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy. Policy and planning NCSD 29 Development of a long-term low emission strategy Policy and planning NCSD Source: Ministries’ submissionsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 4 Cross-cutting areas The initial NDC was developed in a short period of time, which made far-reaching consultations challenging.', 'Policy and planning NCSD 29 Development of a long-term low emission strategy Policy and planning NCSD Source: Ministries’ submissionsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 4 Cross-cutting areas The initial NDC was developed in a short period of time, which made far-reaching consultations challenging. As such, it was understood that some crucial areas of climate change policy and implementation were not adequately analysed, specifically 1) Gender; 2) Youth involvement; and 3) Private sector engagement. Most Ministries included the implications of each action across these areas. These are presented and summarised below. It is also important to highlight an additional area related to Indigenous People.', 'It is also important to highlight an additional area related to Indigenous People. The Cambodian Constitution recognises that all Khmer citizens (which include indigenous people under the National Policy on the Development of Indigenous Peoples) are equal before the law regardless of race, colour, national origin, etc. Indigenous people are also protected by the Land Law (2001), the Forest Law (2002), the Protected Areas Law (2008), and the National REDD+ Strategy, among others. During the NDC implementation and particularly for mitigation measures in the FOLU, the RGC will seek to promote the rights of indigenous peoples, specifically concerning land ownership.', 'During the NDC implementation and particularly for mitigation measures in the FOLU, the RGC will seek to promote the rights of indigenous peoples, specifically concerning land ownership. Respect for the traditional knowledge held by indigenous peoples is integral to an understanding of traditional livelihoods and of culture and is, therefore, an essential component of safeguarding these rights. Gender Overview Climate change affects gender minorities disproportionately, including women and girls. The areas where women play a central role - food security, nutrition, energy, livelihoods, health, natural resource management, among others - are those most directly impacted by climate change. By exaggerating gender inequality, climate change also reinforces a structural root cause of violence against women and girls18.', 'By exaggerating gender inequality, climate change also reinforces a structural root cause of violence against women and girls18. In prioritising climate solutions, a gender-balanced approach should incorporate the intersectional needs of the population to ensure inclusivity. Addressing gender inequalities 18 Gender, Climate change, Health WHO:Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is, therefore, a priority for Cambodia and gender has been effectively mainstreamed across planning and budgeting, including in the context of addressing climate change. Notably, the CCCSP includes a strategic objective to ‘reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts’. The Ministry mandated with planning and facilitating the implementation of gender issues is the Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MOWA).', 'The Ministry mandated with planning and facilitating the implementation of gender issues is the Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MOWA). The MOWA has formed a Gender and Climate Change Committee, which gathers information on gender and climate change, conducts studies on the impact of climate change on women and children and builds climate change capacity in the ministry’s departments. The MOWA has also integrated climate change, green growth, and disaster risk management into Neary Rattanak IV, the National Policy on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment.', 'The MOWA has also integrated climate change, green growth, and disaster risk management into Neary Rattanak IV, the National Policy on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment. In addition, as part of Cambodia’s periodic reporting to the Convention on Ending all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Cambodia National Council for Women (CNCW) responds specifically to the disproportionate impacts of climate change on rural women and acknowledges the policy and programme efforts underway in Cambodia to mitigate these impacts19. As part of this NDC update, all Ministries acknowledged the importance of addressing gender issues, particularly women’s participation in climate action. Most priority actions have a specific target for women’s participation that ranges from 15% to 70%.', 'Most priority actions have a specific target for women’s participation that ranges from 15% to 70%. Gender and age disaggregated data are crucially important in measuring the success of the gender targets, not only related to women’s participation but also women’s access to skills and technology, as well as women in climate-related decision making. Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators.', 'Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators. In relation to energy priorities such as (1) access to energy in rural areas and (2) the diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy source, women are often responsible for household energy- related decisions in rural areas, and women, the poor and the marginalised are often last to 19 CEDAW (2018) Sixth periodic report submitted by Cambodia under Article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) gain energy access.', 'In relation to energy priorities such as (1) access to energy in rural areas and (2) the diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy source, women are often responsible for household energy- related decisions in rural areas, and women, the poor and the marginalised are often last to 19 CEDAW (2018) Sixth periodic report submitted by Cambodia under Article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) gain energy access. Gender-responsive mitigation actions and indicators will help measure these changes and also contribute to measuring the success of SDG 5, Cambodia’s CEDAW commitments, and the CCCSP. All mitigation sectors have encouraged the equal involvement of men and women in mitigation actions.', 'All mitigation sectors have encouraged the equal involvement of men and women in mitigation actions. However, the waste and energy sectors show a higher tendency of maintaining a gender balance and encouraging women’s participation. For example, women and children often constitute a large portion of informal waste pickers. Therefore, formalising the waste sector management and creating decent jobs could have a significant impact on ensuring stable livelihoods for women. Projects such as those in the composting market can benefit both men and women. There is high potential to contribute to gender equality through increasing energy access in rural areas, by diversifying household and community energy generation sources. For example, by reducing the reliance on biomass as an energy source.', 'For example, by reducing the reliance on biomass as an energy source. Women are also often responsible for the majority of household energy-related decisions in rural areas. Gender equality can be encouraged in mitigation actions such as through eco-payments. In the transport sector, women generally use public transport more than men. Ensuring safe, efficient and comfortable transport for women may increase their access to higher education centres, skills development centres and other resources in urban areas. Women constitute a higher proportion of the working population in agriculture, and the forestry sector is seen as providing strong opportunities to improve gender balance. In the forestry sector, and particularly for REDD+, there is a need to recognise the diversity of stakeholders, particularly among forest communities.', 'In the forestry sector, and particularly for REDD+, there is a need to recognise the diversity of stakeholders, particularly among forest communities. In addition to continuing the enhancement of ‘invited spaces’ for women’s groups, it will be important for gender outcomes to be adequately captured in the country’s REDD+ Safeguards Information Systems and the broader REDD+ monitoring system.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers are the most common occupations (31%) among Cambodia’s working population20. Women (32.5%) make up slightly more of the employed population than men (28.5%)21. This category, however, this does not account for the self-employed or those working their own land, which is very common in Cambodia’s agrarian-based economy.', 'This category, however, this does not account for the self-employed or those working their own land, which is very common in Cambodia’s agrarian-based economy. Women have a strong role to play in this sector and in value chain development in particular. Priorities include the need to increase women’s income generation while decreasing their work burden by improving agricultural practices and access to technology, as well as fostering women’s collective working groups. In terms of infrastructure, particularly in climate proofing of buildings and roads, opportunities for women to contribute more prominently to restoration and construction are needed, in order to increase their access to income and livelihoods.', 'In terms of infrastructure, particularly in climate proofing of buildings and roads, opportunities for women to contribute more prominently to restoration and construction are needed, in order to increase their access to income and livelihoods. In the human health sector, the importance of gender-disaggregated data is considered a priority, especially to understand the different impacts of air-and vector-borne diseases on women and men. This is of particular significance to women, who often carry the burden of household care including medical care for the family, but who also play an important role in championing behavioural patterns which may improve health and hygiene and reduce disease spread22.', 'This is of particular significance to women, who often carry the burden of household care including medical care for the family, but who also play an important role in championing behavioural patterns which may improve health and hygiene and reduce disease spread22. In Disaster Risk Management (DRM), little gender-disaggregated data collection exists, therefore information on the differentiated impacts of disasters on women, the elderly, children, disabled people, and other socially marginalised groups is largely anecdotal. Data collection needs to be prioritised and the role of women in DRM strengthened, particularly in the potential role women and children can play a key role in developing and monitoring emergency response plans.', 'Data collection needs to be prioritised and the role of women in DRM strengthened, particularly in the potential role women and children can play a key role in developing and monitoring emergency response plans. Enabling actions It is crucial to develop training and awareness materials that take particular gender-based needs and priorities into account to ensure that women and girls benefit equally from 20 National Institute of Statistics (2018). CSES 2017 Final Report 21 National Institute of Statistics (2018). CSES 2017 Final Report 22 See Cambodia’s Second National Communication to the UNFCCC (2015) for more information and targets on reducing risk to and death due to malaria transmission.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) climate action.', 'CSES 2017 Final Report 22 See Cambodia’s Second National Communication to the UNFCCC (2015) for more information and targets on reducing risk to and death due to malaria transmission.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) climate action. The training of trainers and ‘women champions’ are being rolled out in an effort to reach women in particular, and this work will be continued and scaled up where possible. The linkages between more targeted education and an increase in school enrolment for children, in particular girls, are also key to ensure the impacts of climate change do not disproportionately affect girls in terms of access to, and the completion of, education.', 'The linkages between more targeted education and an increase in school enrolment for children, in particular girls, are also key to ensure the impacts of climate change do not disproportionately affect girls in terms of access to, and the completion of, education. Youth involvement Overview The Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (MoEYS) is the lead Ministry mandated with ensuring youth engagement in all relevant sectors, including in climate change. Some Ministries have indicated where youth engagement can be most appropriate. Mitigation The involvement of youth in mitigation actions tends to be lower than in adaptation. However, youth are encouraged to participate in programmes in the relevant sectors, including energy, industry, and transport. Adaptation In the infrastructure sector, youth could provide inputs in construction design, given their role as workers.', 'Adaptation In the infrastructure sector, youth could provide inputs in construction design, given their role as workers. In DRM they can promote and share knowledge of Early Warning Systems (EWS) with their communities. In human health and water resources (especially conservation), their role in awareness-raising campaigns is crucial. Youth also play a key role in the tourism sector, from working in eco-tourism to promoting local organic products. Youth are also a target of higher education abroad programmes, especially in the water resources sector. Overall, they can engage in volunteering activities related to education, training, and outreach and also through specific media programmes.', 'Overall, they can engage in volunteering activities related to education, training, and outreach and also through specific media programmes. Enabling actions Beyond direct engagement in these sectors, children and youth play a critical role in the development, implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of climate actions across sectors – they need to be engaged at the national and local levels to participate meaningfully in the development of climate policies, including the NDC and NAP. They need to be empowered to be able to act as leaders of the next generation, educated on theirCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) environmental rights and equipped with the necessary skills, knowledge and training for a green transition.', 'They need to be empowered to be able to act as leaders of the next generation, educated on theirCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) environmental rights and equipped with the necessary skills, knowledge and training for a green transition. Private sector engagement Overview Most actions will be effective only through the engagement of the sector-appropriate private sector players, including through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). Private sector entry points have been identified with most of the ministries, and engagement is highlighted in the NDC implementation through directed actions. Private sector partners will need to be engaged to develop PPPs for climate solutions, beyond a donor-based approach, that can be applied sector-wide.', 'Private sector partners will need to be engaged to develop PPPs for climate solutions, beyond a donor-based approach, that can be applied sector-wide. Some of the challenges and opportunities for PPPs include23: An absence of reliable data on private sector investments, including difficulties in identifying adaptation measures supported by the private sector and issues in covering all parts of the economy; The size of the informal sector which accounts for more than half of Cambodia’s GDP; and Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make up the majority of businesses in Cambodia (only 0.2 % are companies with at least 100 employees; 98% of companies employ 10 people or fewer) and provide around two-thirds of the country’s employment.', 'Some of the challenges and opportunities for PPPs include23: An absence of reliable data on private sector investments, including difficulties in identifying adaptation measures supported by the private sector and issues in covering all parts of the economy; The size of the informal sector which accounts for more than half of Cambodia’s GDP; and Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make up the majority of businesses in Cambodia (only 0.2 % are companies with at least 100 employees; 98% of companies employ 10 people or fewer) and provide around two-thirds of the country’s employment. Through addressing some of these challenges and opportunities, there is potential to accelerate climate action with the private sector through PPPs.', 'Through addressing some of these challenges and opportunities, there is potential to accelerate climate action with the private sector through PPPs. Mitigation In general, all mitigation sectors require strong public and private sector collaboration to ensure effectiveness. Based on existing climate related data and information available, the private sector is predominantly involved in the industry, waste and energy sectors, while less information is available for other sectors, namely transport, forestry, and agriculture. 23 UNICEF EAPRO Climate Action Advocacy Development in ASEAN Region draft reportCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation While the main potential to scale up private investments relate to mitigation efforts, barriers can be removed in order to stimulate private sector adaptation engagement, not least in the agriculture, human health, and fisheries sectors24.', '23 UNICEF EAPRO Climate Action Advocacy Development in ASEAN Region draft reportCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation While the main potential to scale up private investments relate to mitigation efforts, barriers can be removed in order to stimulate private sector adaptation engagement, not least in the agriculture, human health, and fisheries sectors24. In all sectors, and crucially in buildings and infrastructure, it is in the interest of the private sector to be involved in policymaking and planning and to ensure guidelines and standards are appropriate and implementable.', 'In all sectors, and crucially in buildings and infrastructure, it is in the interest of the private sector to be involved in policymaking and planning and to ensure guidelines and standards are appropriate and implementable. Private sector players are equally involved as input and technology providers (such as in innovative and more resilient clean energy, agriculture, and water spaces), as service providers (such as in eco-tourism or technical assistance to sectors such as water) or as financiers to many other actions, or can themselves be involved in awareness, training and education, such as through private media and universities.', 'Private sector players are equally involved as input and technology providers (such as in innovative and more resilient clean energy, agriculture, and water spaces), as service providers (such as in eco-tourism or technical assistance to sectors such as water) or as financiers to many other actions, or can themselves be involved in awareness, training and education, such as through private media and universities. 5 Governance and Implementation Processes The NDC update process The Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the GSSD led a preliminary assessment of the NDC implementation and identification of gaps, as well as the development of the corresponding NDC Roadmap and Stakeholder Engagement Plan.', '5 Governance and Implementation Processes The NDC update process The Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the GSSD led a preliminary assessment of the NDC implementation and identification of gaps, as well as the development of the corresponding NDC Roadmap and Stakeholder Engagement Plan. This ensured that the country was able to review her NDC targets by the COP 26 meeting and is expected to achieve her stated contributions by 2030. The process for the formulation of the NDC roadmap allowed for an initial engagement of stakeholders in key sectors in the discussion of which resources and mechanisms could be leveraged and what would still need to be put in place to ensure full delivery of the NDC targets.', 'The process for the formulation of the NDC roadmap allowed for an initial engagement of stakeholders in key sectors in the discussion of which resources and mechanisms could be leveraged and what would still need to be put in place to ensure full delivery of the NDC targets. The NDC Roadmap, with expected timelines and targets for Cambodia’s NDC implementation, as emerged from the process detailed above, is presented below.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 11 Summary of the NDC implementation timeline and targets Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) The NDC update process initiated with the line ministries in March 2020 helped ascertain whether certain targets would need to be adjusted and whether Cambodia would be able to raise her level of ambition.', 'The NDC Roadmap, with expected timelines and targets for Cambodia’s NDC implementation, as emerged from the process detailed above, is presented below.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Figure 11 Summary of the NDC implementation timeline and targets Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) The NDC update process initiated with the line ministries in March 2020 helped ascertain whether certain targets would need to be adjusted and whether Cambodia would be able to raise her level of ambition. Strong engagement continued throughout the process: experts from development partners, including UNWOMEN, FAO, UNDP, UNICEF, World Bank, GGGI, and WHO provided specialist advice both to line ministries and inputting directly in this document.', 'Strong engagement continued throughout the process: experts from development partners, including UNWOMEN, FAO, UNDP, UNICEF, World Bank, GGGI, and WHO provided specialist advice both to line ministries and inputting directly in this document. In addition, a private sector event was organised, with wide participation of stakeholders from different sectors, and local communities and indigenous peoples have been engaged in the process. Every effort was made to conduct such consultations in a gender responsive way.', 'Every effort was made to conduct such consultations in a gender responsive way. Overarching policy structures Cambodia’s NDC places strong focus on the CCCSP 2014-23 (2013) and related Sectoral Action Plans for its implementation, in addition to the following, some of which have been developed since 2015: Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2016-30 (2018) have been developed, adapting the global SDGs to Cambodia’s context by adding ‘Goal 18 of De- mining’ and tailoring the indicators Governance Governance systems set up Mitigation Implementation of mitigation actions Adaptation NAP process ongoing and adaptation actions in NDC implemented Finance Finance systems set up and concessional financing terms MRV/Transparency Limited measurement of progress and development of transparency system NDC and climate change governance systems increasingly mainstreamed Increased ambition, economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process Climate investment plan operational and increased sophistication of finance system Transparency system partially operational NDC and other planning systems perfectly mainstreamed and used to report on NDC and SDGs Real-time economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process and resilience improved Middle-income level of financial sophistication achieved Transparency system upgraded and fully operationalCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) 2013-2030 (2013) was prepared to move Cambodia towards a green economy The Rectangular Strategy IV (2018) was developed, focusing on fostering socio- economic development National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2019-2023 was developed.', 'Overarching policy structures Cambodia’s NDC places strong focus on the CCCSP 2014-23 (2013) and related Sectoral Action Plans for its implementation, in addition to the following, some of which have been developed since 2015: Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2016-30 (2018) have been developed, adapting the global SDGs to Cambodia’s context by adding ‘Goal 18 of De- mining’ and tailoring the indicators Governance Governance systems set up Mitigation Implementation of mitigation actions Adaptation NAP process ongoing and adaptation actions in NDC implemented Finance Finance systems set up and concessional financing terms MRV/Transparency Limited measurement of progress and development of transparency system NDC and climate change governance systems increasingly mainstreamed Increased ambition, economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process Climate investment plan operational and increased sophistication of finance system Transparency system partially operational NDC and other planning systems perfectly mainstreamed and used to report on NDC and SDGs Real-time economy-wide mitigation targets and implementation NDC linked to NAP process and resilience improved Middle-income level of financial sophistication achieved Transparency system upgraded and fully operationalCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) 2013-2030 (2013) was prepared to move Cambodia towards a green economy The Rectangular Strategy IV (2018) was developed, focusing on fostering socio- economic development National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2019-2023 was developed. There are four climate change indicators in the current NSDP.', 'There are four climate change indicators in the current NSDP. The line ministries will be required to develop their own sectoral development plans; and The Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan is also being advanced. This outlines the key vision, mission, strategies, and roadmap for Cambodia to transition towards a circular economy through the improvement of many aspects of the economy and society.', 'This outlines the key vision, mission, strategies, and roadmap for Cambodia to transition towards a circular economy through the improvement of many aspects of the economy and society. In addition, there are a number of other sectoral policies and strategies, detailed action by action in the Annexes, including the below: National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan 2017-2031 (2017) National Cooling Plan (draft) National REDD+ Strategy 2017 – 2021 (2017) and the National REDD+ Action and Investment Plan (2019) National Energy Efficiency Policy (draft) National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan 2016–2023 (2018); and Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2010 – 2019 (2010). Stakeholder roles and responsibilities The NCSD is the focal point for the UNFCCC, in addition to covering a number of other roles.', 'Stakeholder roles and responsibilities The NCSD is the focal point for the UNFCCC, in addition to covering a number of other roles. The DCC/GSSD has played a key role in coordination within the government, integration into planning and budgeting, in addition to capacity building and overall stakeholder engagement across all sectors. The NCSD promotes sustainable development aimed at ensuring economic, environmental, social, and cultural balance within the Kingdom of Cambodia.', 'The NCSD promotes sustainable development aimed at ensuring economic, environmental, social, and cultural balance within the Kingdom of Cambodia. It also includes an Executive Committee and a Secretariat (housed at the Ministry of Environment).Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) A General Secretariat (GSSD) was established to support the operations of the NCSD and for coordinating the development of policies, strategic plans, action plans, and legal instruments concerning sustainable development, including the green economy, climate change, biodiversity conservation and biosafety, and science and technology. The Department of Climate Change (DCC) is under the GSSD and has led technical efforts for climate change adaptation and mitigation response and reporting.', 'The Department of Climate Change (DCC) is under the GSSD and has led technical efforts for climate change adaptation and mitigation response and reporting. A Climate Change Technical Working Group (CCTWG) was established to facilitate and provide technical support to the National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) in addressing climate change in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The TWG is key to governance and to ensure decision making and implementation by key line ministries. Committees or technical working groups have been created in several line ministries to take on the coordination responsibilities for climate change actions within their respective sectors. Civil society is recognised as an important voice for the community and plays an important role in policy implementation.', 'Civil society is recognised as an important voice for the community and plays an important role in policy implementation. The NGO Forum is one way in which civil society can bring a voice to the NDC formulation and implementation. Development partners also provide a platform for NGO collaboration and women-focused NGOs were consulted during the process of this NDC update. An illustration of the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in relation to the NDC implementation can be seen in the following table.', 'An illustration of the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in relation to the NDC implementation can be seen in the following table. Table 12 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Stakeholder Role and functions in NDC implementation NCSD Coordination and integration Capacity building and knowledge management Stakeholder engagement MoP, MoEF Support to integration of NDC implementation in national and subnational planning and budgeting Support to MRV development and implementation Line ministries/Government Institutions NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors Provision of information to NCSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) NGOs NDC implementation Provision of information Provision of support Engagement in policymaking Representation of vulnerable groups Private/finance sector NDC implementation Engagement in policymaking Provision of information Development partners Provision of support Engagement in policymaking Academia Provision of research, development, innovation, and information Engagement in policymaking Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) Stakeholders are represented in the following organogram.', 'Table 12 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Stakeholder Role and functions in NDC implementation NCSD Coordination and integration Capacity building and knowledge management Stakeholder engagement MoP, MoEF Support to integration of NDC implementation in national and subnational planning and budgeting Support to MRV development and implementation Line ministries/Government Institutions NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors Provision of information to NCSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) NGOs NDC implementation Provision of information Provision of support Engagement in policymaking Representation of vulnerable groups Private/finance sector NDC implementation Engagement in policymaking Provision of information Development partners Provision of support Engagement in policymaking Academia Provision of research, development, innovation, and information Engagement in policymaking Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) Stakeholders are represented in the following organogram. Figure 12 Stakeholder roles and responsibilities Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) NCSD Ministries/Public Institutions NCDD Development Partners Private/financial Sector NGOs/SCOs Academia GSSD CCTWG Policy Approval Policy development, coordination, Monitoring & Reporting Planning, implementation, Reporting -Development of NDC initiatives - Lead in coordination, integration, capacity building and knowledge management, stakeholder engagement and awareness, legal frameworks, NDC review - Policy Review - Approval of NDC review and implementation plans and policies -Coordination with Internal Stakeholders for inputs and reporting -Development of NDC strategies and supports -Support to integration -NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors -Reporting via CCTWG -Coordination with sub- national administrations for inputs and reporting -Working on NDC strategies and supports -Reporting to CCTWG -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy dialogues -Dissemination of information Provision of research, development, innovation and information Legend Internal stakeholders Key stakeholders -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSD -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 7 Means of Implementation This section presents an overview of the means of implementation across finance, capacity building, and technology.', 'Figure 12 Stakeholder roles and responsibilities Source: NDC Roadmap (2019) NCSD Ministries/Public Institutions NCDD Development Partners Private/financial Sector NGOs/SCOs Academia GSSD CCTWG Policy Approval Policy development, coordination, Monitoring & Reporting Planning, implementation, Reporting -Development of NDC initiatives - Lead in coordination, integration, capacity building and knowledge management, stakeholder engagement and awareness, legal frameworks, NDC review - Policy Review - Approval of NDC review and implementation plans and policies -Coordination with Internal Stakeholders for inputs and reporting -Development of NDC strategies and supports -Support to integration -NDC planning and implementation in respective sectors -Reporting via CCTWG -Coordination with sub- national administrations for inputs and reporting -Working on NDC strategies and supports -Reporting to CCTWG -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to NCSD-S -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy dialogues -Dissemination of information Provision of research, development, innovation and information Legend Internal stakeholders Key stakeholders -Provision of support -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSD -NDC implementation -Engagement in policy and provision of information to the GSSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 7 Means of Implementation This section presents an overview of the means of implementation across finance, capacity building, and technology. Finance Despite ongoing efforts, financial needs remain high and most actions require financial support (detailed actions are listed in the Annexes).', 'Finance Despite ongoing efforts, financial needs remain high and most actions require financial support (detailed actions are listed in the Annexes). Future resource mobilisation will look towards a reasonable mix of national and international funds, in addition to market mechanisms, where appropriate, and in line with progress on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The NDC Roadmap indicated that Cambodia will also require the development of a climate investment plan to aggregate finance needs, gaps, sources, options, and the creation of a project pipeline. Mitigation The following table summarises the finance needs per sector as reported by each ministry in their mitigation submissions. The total funding required for mitigation actions is over US $ 5.8 billion. The FOLU, waste, and energy sector mitigation actions require the most funds.', 'The FOLU, waste, and energy sector mitigation actions require the most funds. These are mostly conditional upon international support. (Further information is provided in Appendix 4). Table 13 Summary of mitigation finance necessary Sector Estimated finance necessary (million US $) Source: Ministries’ submissions 25 This row includes the estimated finance necessary for mitigation actions that cannot be included in the other categories (Energy, Waste, IPPU, Agriculture, FOLU), such as: 1) Promoting One Tourist, One Trees campaign; 2) Installing air quality monitoring equipment in all provinces across and establishing an air quality data monitoring center with mobile application for public information and access.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation The table below summarises the finance needs per sector as reported by each ministry in their adaptation submissions.', 'Table 13 Summary of mitigation finance necessary Sector Estimated finance necessary (million US $) Source: Ministries’ submissions 25 This row includes the estimated finance necessary for mitigation actions that cannot be included in the other categories (Energy, Waste, IPPU, Agriculture, FOLU), such as: 1) Promoting One Tourist, One Trees campaign; 2) Installing air quality monitoring equipment in all provinces across and establishing an air quality data monitoring center with mobile application for public information and access.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation The table below summarises the finance needs per sector as reported by each ministry in their adaptation submissions. The total funding required for adaptation actions is just over US $ 2 billion. Infrastructure, water, and agriculture require the highest funding.', 'Infrastructure, water, and agriculture require the highest funding. Table 14 Summary of adaptation finance necessary Sector Estimated finance necessary (US $) Coastal zones 72,000,000 Enabling actions 21,050,000 Human health 467,685 Industry Not reported Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity 211,125,000 Tourism 2,500,000 (as minimum) Water resources 468,798,900 Source: Ministries’ submissions Of the amount indicated above, the majority is conditional upon international support. In fact, almost half of the actions specifically included an indication of conditionality, whilst only five specified that implementation may be possible, at least partially, through existing budget allocations (see detailed table in Appendix 2). In any case, more analysis will need to be carried out as part of the NDC tracking process to ensure transparency.', 'In any case, more analysis will need to be carried out as part of the NDC tracking process to ensure transparency. Barriers and capacity needs The NDC review identified the need for capacity building for the NDC implementation, especially for the NCSD/DCC, CCTWG, and sectoral (and sub-national) TWGs. In addition, each ministry submitted its own capacity building requirements.', 'In addition, each ministry submitted its own capacity building requirements. The table below summarises the barriers and capacity needs for the NDC implementation as submitted by each ministry and identified in the NDC review, the tackling of which will require strong international support.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 15 Barriers and capacity needs Ministry Barriers Capacity needs MISTI • Technical capacity • Finance • Regulatory framework • Inter-ministerial cooperation • Participation from private sector (factory owners and workers) • Labour skill • Data from factories • Equipment • Financial support • Human resource training • Support from top management MLMUPC • Finance (budget for activity implementation) • Climate change information toolkit and capacity • Data systems to monitor and evaluate the impacts of climate change interventions • Capacity on climate change (otherwise MLMUPC has full technical capacity) • Support to strengthen the CCTWG of MLMUPC Capacity support for technical staff of the four General Department within MLMUPC as well as horizontal (line agencies) and vertical actors (sub-national government) in carrying out the activities.', 'The table below summarises the barriers and capacity needs for the NDC implementation as submitted by each ministry and identified in the NDC review, the tackling of which will require strong international support.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 15 Barriers and capacity needs Ministry Barriers Capacity needs MISTI • Technical capacity • Finance • Regulatory framework • Inter-ministerial cooperation • Participation from private sector (factory owners and workers) • Labour skill • Data from factories • Equipment • Financial support • Human resource training • Support from top management MLMUPC • Finance (budget for activity implementation) • Climate change information toolkit and capacity • Data systems to monitor and evaluate the impacts of climate change interventions • Capacity on climate change (otherwise MLMUPC has full technical capacity) • Support to strengthen the CCTWG of MLMUPC Capacity support for technical staff of the four General Department within MLMUPC as well as horizontal (line agencies) and vertical actors (sub-national government) in carrying out the activities. MME • Lack of regulatory framework • Limited capacity for data collection and monitoring • Lack of data management system • Lack of integrated decision support system • Human and institutional capacity building • Financial support • Capacity on mainstreaming climate change into energy infrastructure planning and development • Integrated decision support system for integration of climate data (from various ministries) to support resilient energy infrastructure MOE • Climate model expertise • Concept note and proposal development • Data management and reporting As coordinator for the NDC implementation, the MOE would be expected to build its own capacity and the one of the line ministries in a number of areas, including: • Coordination and integration • Capacity building and knowledge management • Stakeholder engagement • Mitigation and adaptation including: • Environmental, social, economic impact assessment • ESS and gender implementation • Sectoral knowledge and best practices • GHG measurement and accounting • Vulnerability assessment • Policy development and appraisal • MRV/Transparency including: • GHG measurement and accounting • Negotiations skills • Public financial management • Database developmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) MOEYS • Finance • Concept note development • Technical capacity • Concept and case studies on climate change, DRR, climate emergency, response planning • Data collection and monitoring systems • Integration of climate change into school curriculum and teacher training curriculum, • M&E framework and systems for Education Management Information System (EMIS) and climate change.', 'MME • Lack of regulatory framework • Limited capacity for data collection and monitoring • Lack of data management system • Lack of integrated decision support system • Human and institutional capacity building • Financial support • Capacity on mainstreaming climate change into energy infrastructure planning and development • Integrated decision support system for integration of climate data (from various ministries) to support resilient energy infrastructure MOE • Climate model expertise • Concept note and proposal development • Data management and reporting As coordinator for the NDC implementation, the MOE would be expected to build its own capacity and the one of the line ministries in a number of areas, including: • Coordination and integration • Capacity building and knowledge management • Stakeholder engagement • Mitigation and adaptation including: • Environmental, social, economic impact assessment • ESS and gender implementation • Sectoral knowledge and best practices • GHG measurement and accounting • Vulnerability assessment • Policy development and appraisal • MRV/Transparency including: • GHG measurement and accounting • Negotiations skills • Public financial management • Database developmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) MOEYS • Finance • Concept note development • Technical capacity • Concept and case studies on climate change, DRR, climate emergency, response planning • Data collection and monitoring systems • Integration of climate change into school curriculum and teacher training curriculum, • M&E framework and systems for Education Management Information System (EMIS) and climate change. MOH • Finance for climate change infrastructure and innovation • Human resources • Gender involvement • Technical support • Technical and financial support from external sources both for policy development, infrastructure and behaviour change communication and awareness raising MOINF • Finance • Technical • Human resources on climate change and environment • Cooperation from stakeholders and expert ministries is crucial MOP • Finance • Capacity • Technical Assistance • MoP has the capacity to guide sectoral ministries to implement their activities • Capacity building is necessary for all staff (by sector) on climate change • MoP and NCSD need capacity to assist in mainstreaming climate change in development plan.', 'MOH • Finance for climate change infrastructure and innovation • Human resources • Gender involvement • Technical support • Technical and financial support from external sources both for policy development, infrastructure and behaviour change communication and awareness raising MOINF • Finance • Technical • Human resources on climate change and environment • Cooperation from stakeholders and expert ministries is crucial MOP • Finance • Capacity • Technical Assistance • MoP has the capacity to guide sectoral ministries to implement their activities • Capacity building is necessary for all staff (by sector) on climate change • MoP and NCSD need capacity to assist in mainstreaming climate change in development plan. Being the key ministry to coordinate finance to the sectors, MoP might also require support in the following areas: • Financial and technology needs assessments • Financial modelling and cost benefit analysis • Business case and project concept note writing • Financial and investment terminology • Understanding of the constraints and requirements of investors • Accreditation and access to climate finance • Environmental, Social Safeguards (ESS) and gender MOT • Finance • Technical • Human resources on climate change and environment • Cooperation from stakeholders and expert ministries is crucial MOWRAM • Finance • Capacity of staff • Needs assessment - particularly on technology • Technical support and cooperation from the private sector is requiredCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • Data/information centres MPWT • Finance • Human resource (capacity building) • Research and development • Capacity on climate change to be built for implementation and access to finance MRD • Finance • Human resources • Outsourcing some services to firms on project design and quality assurance • For the implementation of the Government budget, MRD have enough capacity to deliver NCDD • Capacity of implementers and NCDD • Finance • Policy (at the national level) • Existing capacity is not yet sufficient for implementation.', 'Being the key ministry to coordinate finance to the sectors, MoP might also require support in the following areas: • Financial and technology needs assessments • Financial modelling and cost benefit analysis • Business case and project concept note writing • Financial and investment terminology • Understanding of the constraints and requirements of investors • Accreditation and access to climate finance • Environmental, Social Safeguards (ESS) and gender MOT • Finance • Technical • Human resources on climate change and environment • Cooperation from stakeholders and expert ministries is crucial MOWRAM • Finance • Capacity of staff • Needs assessment - particularly on technology • Technical support and cooperation from the private sector is requiredCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • Data/information centres MPWT • Finance • Human resource (capacity building) • Research and development • Capacity on climate change to be built for implementation and access to finance MRD • Finance • Human resources • Outsourcing some services to firms on project design and quality assurance • For the implementation of the Government budget, MRD have enough capacity to deliver NCDD • Capacity of implementers and NCDD • Finance • Policy (at the national level) • Existing capacity is not yet sufficient for implementation. Climate change is still new • Human Resources are dedicated mostly for decentralisation and de-concentration, as reflected in the upcoming NCDD Strategy NCDM • Resource person • Finance from development partners (governmental budget is limited) • Policy/standards (for example private engagement in DRM) • NCDM would be able to deliver with technical and finance support MOWA • Capacity building to better understand the concept of gender and gender analysis, • M&E • Finance • Coordination (institutional arrangements) • Resource person needs • Technical support • Gender safeguards mitigation measures implementation MAFF • Human resources • Finance • AFOLU GHG data • Technology • Capacity building on Enhance Transparency Framework (ETF) and Management Information System(s) (MIS) • Technical support to establish and operate a tracking system for the NDC, CSDG and other relevant climate change strategies • Technical support for improving activity data and emission factor Source: Ministries’ submissions and NDC Roadmap (2019) Technology needs and availability Overview Cambodia has developed a technology needs assessment for adaptation and mitigation.', 'Climate change is still new • Human Resources are dedicated mostly for decentralisation and de-concentration, as reflected in the upcoming NCDD Strategy NCDM • Resource person • Finance from development partners (governmental budget is limited) • Policy/standards (for example private engagement in DRM) • NCDM would be able to deliver with technical and finance support MOWA • Capacity building to better understand the concept of gender and gender analysis, • M&E • Finance • Coordination (institutional arrangements) • Resource person needs • Technical support • Gender safeguards mitigation measures implementation MAFF • Human resources • Finance • AFOLU GHG data • Technology • Capacity building on Enhance Transparency Framework (ETF) and Management Information System(s) (MIS) • Technical support to establish and operate a tracking system for the NDC, CSDG and other relevant climate change strategies • Technical support for improving activity data and emission factor Source: Ministries’ submissions and NDC Roadmap (2019) Technology needs and availability Overview Cambodia has developed a technology needs assessment for adaptation and mitigation. Technology needs also feature prominently in the sectoral climate change action plans.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) However, these are mostly out of date, as such, each ministry provided an action by action indication of technology needs and availability (see the Annexes) and summarised here.', 'Technology needs also feature prominently in the sectoral climate change action plans.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) However, these are mostly out of date, as such, each ministry provided an action by action indication of technology needs and availability (see the Annexes) and summarised here. Mitigation Limited information has been provided on technology availability in mitigation sectors. In waste, required technology is available in the country and region (e.g. Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia). In the energy sector, technologies such as Solar Home Systems (SHS), direct and alternating current (AC/DC) micro grids, and solar battery charging stations are available in the country. In the agricultural sector for example, compost technology is currently available.', 'In the agricultural sector for example, compost technology is currently available. Key technologies in the transport sector include digital systems for GHG emission MRV; spatial planning tools for network management, including traffic management and newer technologies for electric mobility. Adaptation The agricultural sector indicated detailed technology needs for climate smart practices in all its proposed actions, ranging from stress tolerant varieties, to systems of rice intensification to integrated pest management and integrated soil and nutrient management.', 'Adaptation The agricultural sector indicated detailed technology needs for climate smart practices in all its proposed actions, ranging from stress tolerant varieties, to systems of rice intensification to integrated pest management and integrated soil and nutrient management. There are a number of innovative information platforms and databases in use for disaster risk management, including CAMDI (to monitor the impact of disasters, and the DesInventar package), real-time technology-based weather forecasting methods and technology transferred from the French and Finnish meteorological societies, in addition to manuals and toolkits such as the Community Based Disaster Risk Management Field Practitioners Handbook and the KoBo toolbox for community assessment. The energy sector continues to adapt renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies to the Cambodian context.', 'The energy sector continues to adapt renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies to the Cambodian context. The health sector makes use of a number of systems, such as the National Dengue Surveillance System, or the CAMEWARN, a case-based surveillance system which covers seven epidemic prone diseases and syndromes. The infrastructure sector makes use of several guidelines for climate proofing investment developed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank. Technologies in use in the land use planning sector include land survey high technology, aerial photography for mapping, soil tests for spatial planning, downscaled climate projections and network-level vulnerability assessments.', 'Technologies in use in the land use planning sector include land survey high technology, aerial photography for mapping, soil tests for spatial planning, downscaled climate projections and network-level vulnerability assessments. In the water resources sector, groundwater analysis, vulnerability and risk assessments, in addition to groundwater monitoring systems are in use.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling technologies The enabling sectors use a range of known technologies including radio, TV and social media for information and awareness to sharing lessons learned from other countries, or the National M&E Manual to monitor progress on indicators. Overview The RGC’s approach to developing and operationalising its domestic measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems focuses on integration into the existing climate change M&E framework structure of the CCCSP rather than setting up new layers of institutional structures.', 'Overview The RGC’s approach to developing and operationalising its domestic measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems focuses on integration into the existing climate change M&E framework structure of the CCCSP rather than setting up new layers of institutional structures. Figure 13 MRV systems in Cambodia Source: NCSD (2020) Cambodia has made significant efforts in establishing robust information systems for MRV. The country has five well-established MRV systems (GHG emissions, CCCSP, which includes adaptation and mitigation, REDD+, Project level MRVs for two planned Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 12 Clean Development Mechanism (CDMs), 6 JointCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Crediting Mechanism (JCMs), and 6 Verified Emissions Reductions (VERs) and Support received).', 'The country has five well-established MRV systems (GHG emissions, CCCSP, which includes adaptation and mitigation, REDD+, Project level MRVs for two planned Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 12 Clean Development Mechanism (CDMs), 6 JointCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Crediting Mechanism (JCMs), and 6 Verified Emissions Reductions (VERs) and Support received). MRV for NDC Tracking Cambodia puts great emphasis on the development of an integrated and detailed MRV system, which is also aimed at achieving the implementation of the NDC. It will be comprised of the following components (mitigation, adaptation, GHG inventory, support received, and support needed).', 'It will be comprised of the following components (mitigation, adaptation, GHG inventory, support received, and support needed). Figure 14 Components of MRV for NDC tracking Source: NCSD (2020) The system will detail how monitoring will happen, and how data will be managed, aggregated and translated into reports, with particular attention paid to gender and vulnerable groups. A simple, accessible and understandable NDC tracking online system will be developed and the tool will be made accessible online. It is expected that, to the extent possible, the system will harmonise and track all data needs for the relevant international agencies and domestic stakeholders.', 'It is expected that, to the extent possible, the system will harmonise and track all data needs for the relevant international agencies and domestic stakeholders. It will serve as a data repository for in-country stakeholders, including to provide knowledge management for the private sector and to track their contributions to the SDGs, and international ones, particularly the UNFCCC andCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) any other relevant international reporting agency. Verification from third parties, including academic institutions, will be considered. The system will also consider the ISAF (accountability framework) supported by the NCDD (financed by the WB). This ensures proper accessibility of information at the community level (Information for Citizens I4C) and accountability at the commune levels to follow-up on the proposed measures.', 'This ensures proper accessibility of information at the community level (Information for Citizens I4C) and accountability at the commune levels to follow-up on the proposed measures. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Information for the UNFCCC Timeframes Timeframe for implementation 2020-2030 Scope and coverage Scope of gases included in the contribution Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ), Methane (CH4 ), Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) Geographies covered by the contribution All national territories Assumptions and methodological approaches Methodology for estimating emissions and projections (Excluding the FOLU sector) Historical Data: The reported estimates of emissions of GHGs and removal of CO2 are based on data reported in the 2019 GHG Inventory Report and First Biennial Updated Report (BUR, 2020) developed by the Government of Cambodia.', 'Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Information for the UNFCCC Timeframes Timeframe for implementation 2020-2030 Scope and coverage Scope of gases included in the contribution Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ), Methane (CH4 ), Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) Geographies covered by the contribution All national territories Assumptions and methodological approaches Methodology for estimating emissions and projections (Excluding the FOLU sector) Historical Data: The reported estimates of emissions of GHGs and removal of CO2 are based on data reported in the 2019 GHG Inventory Report and First Biennial Updated Report (BUR, 2020) developed by the Government of Cambodia. Tier 1 methodologies set out in the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines and IPCC default emission factors and country specific activity data from 1994 to 2016 were used for the BAU assessment.', 'Tier 1 methodologies set out in the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines and IPCC default emission factors and country specific activity data from 1994 to 2016 were used for the BAU assessment. Baseline Scenario: Projections were generated by forecasting the calculated emissions within the period of 2000 to 2016 using PROSPECT+ modelling tool for electricity, transport, buildings, cement, other industry (excluding cement), agriculture and waste sectors. Default emission factors and activity data were collected from a wide range of sources but focusing mainly on the latest update of BUR and the defaults values which were given by the model itself. All projections considered current macroeconomic conditions, policy conditions, market conditions and events in other sectors.', 'All projections considered current macroeconomic conditions, policy conditions, market conditions and events in other sectors. For each sector, a BAU scenario was developed by extrapolating past emission trends, interpolating to fill data missing in a sequence and using relevant influential factors (GDP, population, forestry growth rate). Mitigation Scenario: These were formulated based on submissions from relevant ministries. All the possibleCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) mitigation actions were considered to develop the NDC scenario using PROSPECT+ model. Approaches for land use, land-use change and forestry emissions EX-ACT tool was used for this sector because PROSPECT+ doesn’t cover the FOLU sector. Historical Data: Most of the activity data was taken from the National GHG Inventory prepared in 2019 and the BUR finalised in 2020.', 'Historical Data: Most of the activity data was taken from the National GHG Inventory prepared in 2019 and the BUR finalised in 2020. Besides those, default values which are given by the EX-ACT based on 2006 IPCC guidelines were considered. (Data from 2000 to 2016 were used) Baseline Scenario: projections for the FOLU sector were generated by calculating emissions within the period of 2000 to 2016 using EX-ACT. Then the BAU forecasts were developed based on the forest cover percentage and deforestation rates in the country. Mitigation Scenario: These were formulated based on proposed actions submitted from all relevant ministries. The main FOLU sector targets were considered to developed mitigation scenarios.', 'The main FOLU sector targets were considered to developed mitigation scenarios. Global Warming Potentials (GWP) GWP values used for estimating CO2 e were taken from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report to be in line with the latest updated BUR submitted in 2020 Reference point Business as Usual (BAU) emissions in the target year Selected BAU scenario: 213 million tCO2 e/year for the year Projection methodology for low carbon scenarios PROSPECTS+ model was used to estimate baseline and NDC emissions for sectors other than the FOLU, and EX-ACT tool for the FOLU sectors. Most of the activity data were taken from the ‘National GHG Inventory 1994-2016’ prepared in 2019 and a study on “A Design of Low Carbon Development Plan Towards 2050 in Cambodia in 2016”.', 'Most of the activity data were taken from the ‘National GHG Inventory 1994-2016’ prepared in 2019 and a study on “A Design of Low Carbon Development Plan Towards 2050 in Cambodia in 2016”. Fairness and ambition The core mitigation commitments of the Paris Agreement are common to all parties, but there is some differentiation in requirements. Developed countries “should” undertake absolute economy-wide reduction targets, while developing countries “are encouraged” to move toward economy-wide targets over time. Cambodia, despite being a least developed country, with an eighth of the per capita emissions when compared to the global average26, sets, in this updated NDC, ambitious sectoral reduction targets and structured and comprehensive adaptation actions. 26 Source: The World Bank, CO2e emissions per capita global database.', '26 Source: The World Bank, CO2e emissions per capita global database. Estimates for 2016.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 9 Sustainable Development Climate change mitigation and adaptation will be crucial not only to achieve SDG 13 on Climate Action, but a number of other SDGs, in addition to the Paris Agreement and given the cross-cutting nature of climate change. SDG 13 has significant implications on the achievement of other key priorities of each country, such as poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, water and sanitation, energy access, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities, and sustainable land use and ecosystems27. As such, the NDC implementation can contribute to almost all SDGs, and gender sensitive approaches can help redress gender inequalities (SDG5) and ensure women are engaged and can benefit at all levels.', 'As such, the NDC implementation can contribute to almost all SDGs, and gender sensitive approaches can help redress gender inequalities (SDG5) and ensure women are engaged and can benefit at all levels. As part of the Cambodia NDC revision process, an analysis on how the NDCs can impact the achievement of the SDG was carried out. Each mitigation measure and adaptation action was screened against the attainment of the SDGs. For mitigation, the SCAN tool was utilized. Given the overlap between the SDGs and climate change action, the MRV/Transparency systems used for the NDC implementation can potentially be used to track the SDG implementation as well, especially the goals related to mitigation, adaptation, and finance.', 'Given the overlap between the SDGs and climate change action, the MRV/Transparency systems used for the NDC implementation can potentially be used to track the SDG implementation as well, especially the goals related to mitigation, adaptation, and finance. They could also be used to track the gender sensitive impact of climate actions and effectiveness of gender mainstreaming initiatives if appropriate gender indicators are embedded into the M&E framework and appropriate resources and monitored.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 16 Summary of the SDG assessment of mitigation actions Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Industry Urban planning tools for climate change mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Air pollution reduction, Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries MME Training of a certain number of energy managers/companies by DTEBP Efficiency energy and pollution management in latex and rubber wood processing MAFF Energy saving, reduce GHG and pollution from waste water, health and environment friendly, increased income and value added and employment, and safety working environment Waste Development of strategies for waste management including hazardous waste management (MISTI focuses on technical aspect of waste management inside the factories; Improve process only) MISTI New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Potential for private sector engagement in financing, constructing, and operating sanitary landfill and LFG systems MoE Reduced fire hazard - Decrease risk of collapse - Odour control - Reduced health hazard - Energy for leachate evaporation -Prevention of surface and groundwater contamination from toxic waste componentsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution - leachate capture and treatment - Employment creation Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000)(Small size (2-3-4m3); MAFF Contributing people s livelihood as well as better economy Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source).', 'They could also be used to track the gender sensitive impact of climate actions and effectiveness of gender mainstreaming initiatives if appropriate gender indicators are embedded into the M&E framework and appropriate resources and monitored.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 16 Summary of the SDG assessment of mitigation actions Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Industry Urban planning tools for climate change mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Air pollution reduction, Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries MME Training of a certain number of energy managers/companies by DTEBP Efficiency energy and pollution management in latex and rubber wood processing MAFF Energy saving, reduce GHG and pollution from waste water, health and environment friendly, increased income and value added and employment, and safety working environment Waste Development of strategies for waste management including hazardous waste management (MISTI focuses on technical aspect of waste management inside the factories; Improve process only) MISTI New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Potential for private sector engagement in financing, constructing, and operating sanitary landfill and LFG systems MoE Reduced fire hazard - Decrease risk of collapse - Odour control - Reduced health hazard - Energy for leachate evaporation -Prevention of surface and groundwater contamination from toxic waste componentsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution - leachate capture and treatment - Employment creation Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000)(Small size (2-3-4m3); MAFF Contributing people s livelihood as well as better economy Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source). Can be done at different stages in the waste management value chain, either at household, community level or at landfill site.', 'Can be done at different stages in the waste management value chain, either at household, community level or at landfill site. Private sector can invest in and operate the composting facilities MoE Job creation -Reduced odour nuisance- local organic fertilizer production-less leachate leakage from landfill-less landfill space required, so cost-savings (but space required for composting) Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. The mechanical and biological separation and treatment of waste will be combined with an anaerobic digestion plant (generation of biogas from organic waste) to power facilities at the landfill. The produced RDF can be sold to e.g. cement industry as fuel. Private sector can invest in and manage the RDF and anaerobic digestion plant MoE 1. Job creation 2. Reduced odour nuisance 3. Local organic fertilizer production (bioslurry) 4.', 'Reduced odour nuisance 3. Local organic fertilizer production (bioslurry) 4. Less leachate leakage from landfill 5. less landfill space required Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Achieving a recycle process with an environmental and economic purpose contributes to the goal of the environment and sustainabilityCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector MISTI Provides job opportunities for landfill pickers in a safer environment-Reduces energy costs and Provides a more comfortable environment for the occupiers of The buildings equipped with insulation-Improves local air quality by reducing The open burning of garment waste, including at The landfills-Reduces The need for landfill space-Reduces The need of virgin materials for manufacturing building products Energy Application of electrical equipment labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) MME Labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centers MME 1.', 'Less leachate leakage from landfill 5. less landfill space required Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Achieving a recycle process with an environmental and economic purpose contributes to the goal of the environment and sustainabilityCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector MISTI Provides job opportunities for landfill pickers in a safer environment-Reduces energy costs and Provides a more comfortable environment for the occupiers of The buildings equipped with insulation-Improves local air quality by reducing The open burning of garment waste, including at The landfills-Reduces The need for landfill space-Reduces The need of virgin materials for manufacturing building products Energy Application of electrical equipment labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) MME Labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centers MME 1. Reducing inefficient appliances/technologies uses 2.', 'Less leachate leakage from landfill 5. less landfill space required Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Achieving a recycle process with an environmental and economic purpose contributes to the goal of the environment and sustainabilityCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector MISTI Provides job opportunities for landfill pickers in a safer environment-Reduces energy costs and Provides a more comfortable environment for the occupiers of The buildings equipped with insulation-Improves local air quality by reducing The open burning of garment waste, including at The landfills-Reduces The need for landfill space-Reduces The need of virgin materials for manufacturing building products Energy Application of electrical equipment labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) MME Labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centers MME 1. Reducing inefficient appliances/technologies uses 2. Informing the citizens of possibilities to improve EE and of related benefits Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation MME Energy efficiency standards, laws and regulations concerning building energy codes are being elaborated and promulgatedCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Introduction of efficient electrical industrial motors and transformer MME Resolve of economic viability of investing in the improvement of energy efficiency of the equipment Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection Increase energy access to rural area MME Local community has electricity 24 hours Incorporate renewable energy resources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) into energy mix MME Reduce imports energy sources and increase clean energy Diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy sources MME Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action Toward Battambang city to green city NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHGCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution emission) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action) Paradigm shift Cooling of public sector buildings NCSD The cooling of public buildings has many benefits, including: • Reduced GHG emissions – climate-friendly solutions to cooling buildings reduces the reliance on ACs which are a source of GHGs • Improved living conditions – as temperatures rise, cooling of buildings in a necessity to avoid heat stress and the subsequent health risks Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing MISTI Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 1: Sustainable energy practices in garment industry 1.1: Upgrade to efficient boiler 1.2: Sewing machine 1.3: Washing machine 1.4: Drying machine 1.6: Efficient lightning appliance 2: Sustainable energy practices in brick industry 2.1: Boat-to-rotary kiln upgrade 2.2: Modified boat-to-rotary kiln upgrade Improving brick kiln efficiency can improve the safety of brick kiln operation through implementation of better safety features that reduce risk of injury during loading of fuel and handling of bricks.', 'Informing the citizens of possibilities to improve EE and of related benefits Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation MME Energy efficiency standards, laws and regulations concerning building energy codes are being elaborated and promulgatedCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Introduction of efficient electrical industrial motors and transformer MME Resolve of economic viability of investing in the improvement of energy efficiency of the equipment Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection Increase energy access to rural area MME Local community has electricity 24 hours Incorporate renewable energy resources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) into energy mix MME Reduce imports energy sources and increase clean energy Diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy sources MME Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action Toward Battambang city to green city NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHGCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution emission) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action) Paradigm shift Cooling of public sector buildings NCSD The cooling of public buildings has many benefits, including: • Reduced GHG emissions – climate-friendly solutions to cooling buildings reduces the reliance on ACs which are a source of GHGs • Improved living conditions – as temperatures rise, cooling of buildings in a necessity to avoid heat stress and the subsequent health risks Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing MISTI Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 1: Sustainable energy practices in garment industry 1.1: Upgrade to efficient boiler 1.2: Sewing machine 1.3: Washing machine 1.4: Drying machine 1.6: Efficient lightning appliance 2: Sustainable energy practices in brick industry 2.1: Boat-to-rotary kiln upgrade 2.2: Modified boat-to-rotary kiln upgrade Improving brick kiln efficiency can improve the safety of brick kiln operation through implementation of better safety features that reduce risk of injury during loading of fuel and handling of bricks. ReducingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology.', 'ReducingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1.', '3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost 2.', '3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost 2. Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5.', 'Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.', 'innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).', 'Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). Youth will be strongly involved in pre and post-harvest technology, and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), Enterprise development and other agro- business enhancement to ensureCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) food security and income generation among the youth groups. Development of Industry crops for increase in production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business value chain and profit generation boosting local food security through diversification, reduction in soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions through fostering eco-system services through CSA practices.', 'Development of Industry crops for increase in production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business value chain and profit generation boosting local food security through diversification, reduction in soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions through fostering eco-system services through CSA practices. Improvement of support services and capacity building to crop production resilient to climate change by promoting research, trials and up-scaling climate-smart farming systems that increase resilience to CC and extreme weather events MAFF Increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improving resilience facilities, tools and technologies.', 'Improvement of support services and capacity building to crop production resilient to climate change by promoting research, trials and up-scaling climate-smart farming systems that increase resilience to CC and extreme weather events MAFF Increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improving resilience facilities, tools and technologies. Building climate change resilience on cassava production and processing MAFF Mitigation: reduce pollution from processing Environmental: Prevent soil erosion Social: healthy living conditions for people in the cassava production areas Research for the development and enhancement of agricultural productivity, quality, and transfer through strengthening of crop variety conservation and new crop variety release responding to the impacts of climate change MAFF Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change MAFF Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resourcesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change MAFF Maintain and improved rubber production and provide employment; Improvement of rubber plant genetic and fully scientifically documented; Increased revenue by reduced maintaining cost; Mitigation as rubber plantation e Economic growth Enhancing institutional and capacity development on climate change impact, vulnerability assessment, adaption measures and mitigation related to rubber sector MAFF Sustainable rubber production to support economic development and employment Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through Artificial Intelligence (AI) which can adapt to climate change MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Promotion of research capacities on animal genetic, animal breeding, and animal feed is strengthened to adapt to climate change MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Strengthening capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change MAFF Develop aquaculture system increase production, enhance livelihoods related to food and nutrition security, reduce fishing pressure on fisheries resourcesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Promoting climate resilience in the capture fisheries sector MAFF Develop fishes and aquatic habitats, sustain fish yields, strengthen food and nutrition security Scaled up climate‐resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐resilient practices NCDD a) GHG emission reduction through solar irrigation b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people MRD -Adaptive capacity of rural poor people will contribute to livelihood promotion and be environmentally friendly Coastal zones Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities.', 'Building climate change resilience on cassava production and processing MAFF Mitigation: reduce pollution from processing Environmental: Prevent soil erosion Social: healthy living conditions for people in the cassava production areas Research for the development and enhancement of agricultural productivity, quality, and transfer through strengthening of crop variety conservation and new crop variety release responding to the impacts of climate change MAFF Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change MAFF Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resourcesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change MAFF Maintain and improved rubber production and provide employment; Improvement of rubber plant genetic and fully scientifically documented; Increased revenue by reduced maintaining cost; Mitigation as rubber plantation e Economic growth Enhancing institutional and capacity development on climate change impact, vulnerability assessment, adaption measures and mitigation related to rubber sector MAFF Sustainable rubber production to support economic development and employment Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through Artificial Intelligence (AI) which can adapt to climate change MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Promotion of research capacities on animal genetic, animal breeding, and animal feed is strengthened to adapt to climate change MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Strengthening capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector MAFF Environmental, social and adaptation Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change MAFF Develop aquaculture system increase production, enhance livelihoods related to food and nutrition security, reduce fishing pressure on fisheries resourcesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Promoting climate resilience in the capture fisheries sector MAFF Develop fishes and aquatic habitats, sustain fish yields, strengthen food and nutrition security Scaled up climate‐resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐resilient practices NCDD a) GHG emission reduction through solar irrigation b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people MRD -Adaptive capacity of rural poor people will contribute to livelihood promotion and be environmentally friendly Coastal zones Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities. MoE Mitigation: reduce GHG emission from waste in oceans Effective management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans MoE Biodiversity of marine resources Energy Conduct climate risk analysis for the existing electricity infrastructures and provide recommendations MME a) Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection b) Local community safety and life protection c) Water and air pollution Climate proofing of existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure MMECambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Human Health Enable effective decision-making for health interventions through generation of information and improved surveillance or early-warning systems MOH - Social: improve health care system and enable remote village to have proper access to healthcare -Indirect: reduce risks of life- lost and losing money on long- distance travel to healthcare - To reduce of time lag on reporting number of cases to the National Level - Reduce diagnostic errors Enhance climate resilience in health service delivery MOH - Community has better planning to maintain a reliable, safe supply of water, sanitation - Community hygiene can prevent diseases as-well-as can lower death rates - Improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities - Reduce environmental pollution through proper waste management Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector- borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change MOH Capacity for health professionals improved to identify and treat climate-sensitive health issuesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessment on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities.', 'MoE Mitigation: reduce GHG emission from waste in oceans Effective management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans MoE Biodiversity of marine resources Energy Conduct climate risk analysis for the existing electricity infrastructures and provide recommendations MME a) Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection b) Local community safety and life protection c) Water and air pollution Climate proofing of existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure MMECambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Human Health Enable effective decision-making for health interventions through generation of information and improved surveillance or early-warning systems MOH - Social: improve health care system and enable remote village to have proper access to healthcare -Indirect: reduce risks of life- lost and losing money on long- distance travel to healthcare - To reduce of time lag on reporting number of cases to the National Level - Reduce diagnostic errors Enhance climate resilience in health service delivery MOH - Community has better planning to maintain a reliable, safe supply of water, sanitation - Community hygiene can prevent diseases as-well-as can lower death rates - Improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities - Reduce environmental pollution through proper waste management Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector- borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change MOH Capacity for health professionals improved to identify and treat climate-sensitive health issuesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessment on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities. MOH Population Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation MOH Capacity of health personnel improved to identify and treat to climate-sensitive disease Industry Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) MLMUPC 1) Stakeholders (designer, user, and building commercial owner) are aware of the risks and potential impacts of environment posed by variability in weather patterns and observed and projected climate changes on the different types of building construction 2) Environmental Risk Management and Mitigation is created because the construction equipment operations consume a lot of natural resources, such as electricity and/or diesel fuel.', 'MOH Population Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation MOH Capacity of health personnel improved to identify and treat to climate-sensitive disease Industry Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) MLMUPC 1) Stakeholders (designer, user, and building commercial owner) are aware of the risks and potential impacts of environment posed by variability in weather patterns and observed and projected climate changes on the different types of building construction 2) Environmental Risk Management and Mitigation is created because the construction equipment operations consume a lot of natural resources, such as electricity and/or diesel fuel. 3) The measure includes enacting strict laws to enforce institutions to make environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the early stage of projects, and enhancing the awareness of construction participants with regard to impacts of construction in the environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The results also revealed that "search about alternative methods for construction to mitigate the adverse impacts of construction on the environment" was ranked in the second position with regard to proposed solutions to mitigate the environmental impacts of construction.', '3) The measure includes enacting strict laws to enforce institutions to make environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the early stage of projects, and enhancing the awareness of construction participants with regard to impacts of construction in the environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The results also revealed that "search about alternative methods for construction to mitigate the adverse impacts of construction on the environment" was ranked in the second position with regard to proposed solutions to mitigate the environmental impacts of construction. Develop resilient infrastructure of school buildings in response to climate change MOEYS a) Energy saving b) Low carbon building c) Strengthen school capacity to accommodate more students Implement climate change and disaster resilient construction and infrastructure standards including for public sector and community-focused buildings covering public health, education, WASH, etc. NCDM - Technical guidelines cross- beneficial to other sectors - Potential for community groups (e.g.', 'NCDM - Technical guidelines cross- beneficial to other sectors - Potential for community groups (e.g. school support committees) to be involved in construction/retrofitting - Increased energy-efficiency, and use of climate-aware products (DLUP) Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation (CLUP) Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning MLMUPC Enhance terrestrial, aquatic resources of each ecosystem of the commune and district location to preserve and conserve environmental degradation (35% of total commune land are green spaces) and enhance social stakeholder to participate the during road map design and CLUP/DLUP studyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures MLMUPC The country’s land poor and landless families have received land, have improved their livelihoods via land allocation, and land recipients have capacity to challenge with climate change impacts because they have been trained and educated on climate change.', 'school support committees) to be involved in construction/retrofitting - Increased energy-efficiency, and use of climate-aware products (DLUP) Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation (CLUP) Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning MLMUPC Enhance terrestrial, aquatic resources of each ecosystem of the commune and district location to preserve and conserve environmental degradation (35% of total commune land are green spaces) and enhance social stakeholder to participate the during road map design and CLUP/DLUP studyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures MLMUPC The country’s land poor and landless families have received land, have improved their livelihoods via land allocation, and land recipients have capacity to challenge with climate change impacts because they have been trained and educated on climate change. On the other hand, allocated land to people to use for their farming creates soil fertility Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization.', 'On the other hand, allocated land to people to use for their farming creates soil fertility Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization. MLMUPC Mitigation co-benefit: contribution to the local GHG emission Environment co-benefit: ecosystem restoration (i.e.', 'MLMUPC Mitigation co-benefit: contribution to the local GHG emission Environment co-benefit: ecosystem restoration (i.e. regulate water) Social co-benefit: job creation, improved public health Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management, and building due to climate change MLMUPC Contribution to climate data related to cities through finding of the assessments Promote land use planning tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emissions to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: build assets (housing) for low income and homeless people Promote proper low-cost shelters for low- income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emission that is to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: reduce landCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) conflict, improve livelihood of beneficiaries through provision of low-cost shelters in the areas of social land concession Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs MLMUPC Energy consumption in building sectors Reduction of GHG in atmosphere Promote low-cost materials for building and housing Improve health and safety of city inhabitants Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature MLMUPC Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion Disaster management to protect coastal populations Strengthening climate resilient city NCDD Strengthen knowledge and capacity on resilient city.', 'regulate water) Social co-benefit: job creation, improved public health Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management, and building due to climate change MLMUPC Contribution to climate data related to cities through finding of the assessments Promote land use planning tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emissions to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: build assets (housing) for low income and homeless people Promote proper low-cost shelters for low- income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emission that is to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: reduce landCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) conflict, improve livelihood of beneficiaries through provision of low-cost shelters in the areas of social land concession Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs MLMUPC Energy consumption in building sectors Reduction of GHG in atmosphere Promote low-cost materials for building and housing Improve health and safety of city inhabitants Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature MLMUPC Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion Disaster management to protect coastal populations Strengthening climate resilient city NCDD Strengthen knowledge and capacity on resilient city. Financing for resilient cities.', 'regulate water) Social co-benefit: job creation, improved public health Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management, and building due to climate change MLMUPC Contribution to climate data related to cities through finding of the assessments Promote land use planning tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emissions to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: build assets (housing) for low income and homeless people Promote proper low-cost shelters for low- income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession MLMUPC The project will produce low- carbon emission that is to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: reduce landCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) conflict, improve livelihood of beneficiaries through provision of low-cost shelters in the areas of social land concession Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs MLMUPC Energy consumption in building sectors Reduction of GHG in atmosphere Promote low-cost materials for building and housing Improve health and safety of city inhabitants Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature MLMUPC Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion Disaster management to protect coastal populations Strengthening climate resilient city NCDD Strengthen knowledge and capacity on resilient city. Financing for resilient cities. Partnership and communication.', 'Financing for resilient cities. Partnership and communication. Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities.', 'Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities. NCDM - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia - Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities.', 'NCDM - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia - Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities. - Can be used alongside ID Poor system National end-to-end Early Warning Systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk NCDM Other sectors, i.e.', '- Can be used alongside ID Poor system National end-to-end Early Warning Systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk NCDM Other sectors, i.e. water resources and meteorology, agriculture will be of benefited by potential cross- sectoral mitigation activities.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs NCDM - Social resilience at community level and increased engagement in disaster preparedness and response - Reduced asset, infrastructure, and life loss due to disasters Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change MOE Environment Integrated village development MRD - Job creation - Food security - Behaviour Change - Better living environment - Wellbeing and environmental friendliness of communities to improve Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy, and waste management) NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission though reducing fire wood consumption and waste pollution.', 'water resources and meteorology, agriculture will be of benefited by potential cross- sectoral mitigation activities.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs NCDM - Social resilience at community level and increased engagement in disaster preparedness and response - Reduced asset, infrastructure, and life loss due to disasters Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change MOE Environment Integrated village development MRD - Job creation - Food security - Behaviour Change - Better living environment - Wellbeing and environmental friendliness of communities to improve Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy, and waste management) NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission though reducing fire wood consumption and waste pollution. b) Strengthen resilient capacity of women and girl in flooding community though accessing to clean water and clean energy.', 'b) Strengthen resilient capacity of women and girl in flooding community though accessing to clean water and clean energy. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities NCDD Modality: the project designed as potential for scaling up through its key success of implementation. It would be the key recommendation for the improvement of social land concession implementation to include climate change as one of main focus while community will really need support to cope with such climate change issues when settle-in new development area of social land concession sites.', 'It would be the key recommendation for the improvement of social land concession implementation to include climate change as one of main focus while community will really need support to cope with such climate change issues when settle-in new development area of social land concession sites. Improve knowledge: the project will help to improve understanding for sub-national level, local authorities on climate change both of adaptation and mitigation though join implementation follow decentralize approach under coordination of National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat (NCDDS). Similarly, the community groups will also receive training and awareness raising to build their sense understanding climate change to engage fully participation for the project implementation.', 'Similarly, the community groups will also receive training and awareness raising to build their sense understanding climate change to engage fully participation for the project implementation. This will positively contribute to both of adaption and mitigation action in the future.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Tourism Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River MOT Encouraging all involvement tourism stakeholders for better the understanding and to engage their contribution on adaptation to two beneficiaries: 1) Environmental Education Development on green tourism, 2) Peam Krosoap was estimated be upgrade and innovated for climate change adaptation. Cambodia CBET/CET standard, 3) The quality of ecotourism services and products would improve through by tourism innovation. 4) Reducing poverty and contribute to responding effectively to climate change, so it is increasing the gross domestic product of Cambodia (GDP).', '4) Reducing poverty and contribute to responding effectively to climate change, so it is increasing the gross domestic product of Cambodia (GDP). Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels MOT Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector MOT Water resources Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including collection of climate and hydrological data MOWRAM Data can be used cross-sectorally and for short- and long-term projection Supporting disaster risk reduction,Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and other mitigation activities Supporting River Basin management planning and monitoring activities Supporting hydrological modelling works and decision support system (DSS) Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate-resilient water management MOWRAM Improved relationships between all major water users Improved water allocation and abstraction limits -> reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans MOWRAM Other sectors, i.e.', 'Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels MOT Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector MOT Water resources Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including collection of climate and hydrological data MOWRAM Data can be used cross-sectorally and for short- and long-term projection Supporting disaster risk reduction,Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and other mitigation activities Supporting River Basin management planning and monitoring activities Supporting hydrological modelling works and decision support system (DSS) Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate-resilient water management MOWRAM Improved relationships between all major water users Improved water allocation and abstraction limits -> reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans MOWRAM Other sectors, i.e. agriculture will benefit by potential cross-sectoral mitigation activities Flood risk reduction and mitigation Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia NCDD a) Sustainable water management b) Reduce water pollution c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Establish nationally standardized best -practice systems for irrigation MOWRAM Improved relationships between all major water users Increased productivity of agricultural sectorCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Improved water allocation and abstraction limits and reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem Increased drought management Resilient and adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction MRD Changing attitude and practices of rural people to be more environmentally friendly Education Upgrading curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects for primary schools MOEYS Students shall understand: a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Upgrading curriculum to include climate change for non-formal education MOEYS Students shall understand: a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Build centres of excellence for delivering climate change courses and research among Universities MOEYS a ) climate change mitigation b) Pollution reduction c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Conduct training for education officials on climate change e.g.', 'agriculture will benefit by potential cross-sectoral mitigation activities Flood risk reduction and mitigation Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia NCDD a) Sustainable water management b) Reduce water pollution c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Establish nationally standardized best -practice systems for irrigation MOWRAM Improved relationships between all major water users Increased productivity of agricultural sectorCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Improved water allocation and abstraction limits and reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem Increased drought management Resilient and adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction MRD Changing attitude and practices of rural people to be more environmentally friendly Education Upgrading curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects for primary schools MOEYS Students shall understand: a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Upgrading curriculum to include climate change for non-formal education MOEYS Students shall understand: a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Build centres of excellence for delivering climate change courses and research among Universities MOEYS a ) climate change mitigation b) Pollution reduction c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Conduct training for education officials on climate change e.g. as a required component of teacher training MOEYS a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Gender Strengthen institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation s policies, plans, programming, including gender budgeting MOWA Improve gender equality, Gender responsive action, Gender responsive budgeting in policies planning of action and programmes Enhance coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disability (PWD), youth, and elderly MOWA Increase collaboration with Ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in an efficient and accountable manner Extending the scope of partnership building Increase the family economy, food and nutrition Security Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with particular focus on collecting and managing sex-disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting, and dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated.', 'as a required component of teacher training MOEYS a) climate change mitigation b) Pollution c) Biodiversity d) Environment conservation Gender Strengthen institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation s policies, plans, programming, including gender budgeting MOWA Improve gender equality, Gender responsive action, Gender responsive budgeting in policies planning of action and programmes Enhance coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disability (PWD), youth, and elderly MOWA Increase collaboration with Ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in an efficient and accountable manner Extending the scope of partnership building Increase the family economy, food and nutrition Security Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with particular focus on collecting and managing sex-disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting, and dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated. MOWA - Gender Responsive M&E - Reducing Gender Gap in social environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Capacity development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC MOWA Capacity development Promotion of gender in social inclusiveness Reduction of gender gap in social environment Develop a technical guidelines for gender mainstreaming in NDC process MOWA Mainstreaming gender and social inclusion in NDC Analysis of gender integration in NDC (both adaptation and mitigation) Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Builds market capacity of rural women entrepreneur in the context of climate resilient and DRR Governance Local government and Climate Change-III NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards c) Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change Reducing vulnerability of local communities though sub-national climate governance reform (focusing on policy) NCDD a) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standardsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) b) Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change Information Enhance the quality of broadcasting means and expand the capacity of coverages for raising awareness on climate change nationwide MOINF - GHG mitigation - Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Training and enhancing human capacity on climate change in information sector MOINF - GHG Mitigation - Enhance journalistic professionalism - Reduce the spread of disinformation Urge private Media organizations to participate in covering/broadcasting the climate change topics and to complement the state broadcasting agencies.', 'MOWA - Gender Responsive M&E - Reducing Gender Gap in social environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Capacity development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC MOWA Capacity development Promotion of gender in social inclusiveness Reduction of gender gap in social environment Develop a technical guidelines for gender mainstreaming in NDC process MOWA Mainstreaming gender and social inclusion in NDC Analysis of gender integration in NDC (both adaptation and mitigation) Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Builds market capacity of rural women entrepreneur in the context of climate resilient and DRR Governance Local government and Climate Change-III NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards c) Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change Reducing vulnerability of local communities though sub-national climate governance reform (focusing on policy) NCDD a) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standardsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) b) Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change Information Enhance the quality of broadcasting means and expand the capacity of coverages for raising awareness on climate change nationwide MOINF - GHG mitigation - Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Training and enhancing human capacity on climate change in information sector MOINF - GHG Mitigation - Enhance journalistic professionalism - Reduce the spread of disinformation Urge private Media organizations to participate in covering/broadcasting the climate change topics and to complement the state broadcasting agencies. MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - informed society and active citizens - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Urge and encourage to reduce (or ban) all forms of commercial advertisement that has negative impact on environment MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Knowledge sharing News coverage and program production for awareness raising on climate change and its impacts MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Policy and planningCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (Focus on implementation) NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Improve performance-based of sub-national government on climate change planning and accessing to climate resilient grants Mainstreaming climate change into Education Strategic Plan 2019-2023 Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Education 2030 MOEYS a) Climate change adaptation b) Policy, Planning & Guidelines, c) Strengthening d) Research enhancement Strengthen the cooperation with local and International development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions for technical and financial support to implement the adaptation planning in media sector MOINF - GHG Mitigation - Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Development of climate change national/ capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators MOP Climate change adaptation and mitigation and other environmental issues (air pollution, water pollution, waste management, biodiversity, etc.)', 'MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - informed society and active citizens - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Urge and encourage to reduce (or ban) all forms of commercial advertisement that has negative impact on environment MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Knowledge sharing News coverage and program production for awareness raising on climate change and its impacts MOINF - Reduce cost of climate risk - GHG Mitigation Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Policy and planningCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (Focus on implementation) NCDD a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Improve performance-based of sub-national government on climate change planning and accessing to climate resilient grants Mainstreaming climate change into Education Strategic Plan 2019-2023 Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Education 2030 MOEYS a) Climate change adaptation b) Policy, Planning & Guidelines, c) Strengthening d) Research enhancement Strengthen the cooperation with local and International development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions for technical and financial support to implement the adaptation planning in media sector MOINF - GHG Mitigation - Environmental protection - Forest protection - Biodiversity conservation Development of climate change national/ capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators MOP Climate change adaptation and mitigation and other environmental issues (air pollution, water pollution, waste management, biodiversity, etc.) will be integrated into a single plan Development of a climate change public investment program for the national/capital/ provincial levels MOP Mitigation investment plan Public awareness on climate investment and fund will be improved Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into MRD Contribute to the improvement of rural development work in challenging environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) rural development planning processes and technical design.', 'will be integrated into a single plan Development of a climate change public investment program for the national/capital/ provincial levels MOP Mitigation investment plan Public awareness on climate investment and fund will be improved Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into MRD Contribute to the improvement of rural development work in challenging environmentCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) rural development planning processes and technical design. Build adaptive capacity on climate change for village leaders (Village Development Committees, VDCs) MRD Contribute to rural community development planning and practices in challenging environment Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/communes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) NCSD Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for 2024-2033 NCSD Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans NCSD Enhance institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy NCSD Development of a long-term low emission strategy NCSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Appendix 1: Detailed Mitigation Measures No.', 'Build adaptive capacity on climate change for village leaders (Village Development Committees, VDCs) MRD Contribute to rural community development planning and practices in challenging environment Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/communes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) NCSD Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for 2024-2033 NCSD Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans NCSD Enhance institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy NCSD Development of a long-term low emission strategy NCSDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Appendix 1: Detailed Mitigation Measures No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 1 Urban planning tools for climate change mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub city Industry Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) Urban Strategic Policy 2020.', 'Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 1 Urban planning tools for climate change mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub city Industry Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) Urban Strategic Policy 2020. Three urban planning solutions will be implemented through the toolkit and formulated policy in the case area to reduce GHG emissions from earth construction, resulting in the saving of 1. 70% of the three urban planning completed by 2025 (unconditional) 2. 100% of the three urban planning completed by 2030 (unconditional) Air pollution reduction, independency in terms of energy generation, improve resilience of urban planning through access high technical motivation 1. Costs: for policy formulation is 2.5 million 2.', 'Costs: for policy formulation is 2.5 million 2. Costs: for three urban planning solution is 25 million Technology is available, but it needs to have complemented from international places Job targets at least 32% of women 2 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Industry Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Implementation of energy audit and enforcement of industries to adopt energy management standards e/year 1. Conduct the mandatory energy audits for companies with an annual energy consumption of more than prescribed within the laws/regulation 2.', 'Conduct the mandatory energy audits for companies with an annual energy consumption of more than prescribed within the laws/regulation 2. Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in Training of a certain number of energy managers/companies by DTEBP USD 50 million USD 60 million Implementation of international standards such 30% Conditional Required corporation from private companies 3 Efficiency energy and pollution management in latex and rubber wood processing Industry Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) CCPAP 2016-2020 NA Piloting and establishment one completed demonstration local factory for latex and rubber timber processing (energy saving, pollution free, less chemical input, and improve quantity and quality of raw products) Energy saving, reduce GHG and pollution from waste water, health and environment friendy, increased income and value added and employment, and safety working environment USD 1,158,000 It is expected trained latex and wood processors will contribute to climate change impact through waste water treatment and biogas capture technology. Safety working environment and pollution free.', 'Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in Training of a certain number of energy managers/companies by DTEBP USD 50 million USD 60 million Implementation of international standards such 30% Conditional Required corporation from private companies 3 Efficiency energy and pollution management in latex and rubber wood processing Industry Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) CCPAP 2016-2020 NA Piloting and establishment one completed demonstration local factory for latex and rubber timber processing (energy saving, pollution free, less chemical input, and improve quantity and quality of raw products) Energy saving, reduce GHG and pollution from waste water, health and environment friendy, increased income and value added and employment, and safety working environment USD 1,158,000 It is expected trained latex and wood processors will contribute to climate change impact through waste water treatment and biogas capture technology. Safety working environment and pollution free. Waste water treatment plant and biogas capture technology, latex processing, wood processing, timber treatment, Women participation in all production chain 5 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Potential for private sector engagement in financing, constructing, and operating sanitary landfill and LFG systems Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) 1.', 'Waste water treatment plant and biogas capture technology, latex processing, wood processing, timber treatment, Women participation in all production chain 5 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Potential for private sector engagement in financing, constructing, and operating sanitary landfill and LFG systems Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) 1. PPCA conditional short-term and mid-to long term target (2035) 3. National Waste Strategy Objective C 4. CCCSP strategy 1f and GHG emission reductions due to avoidance of anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills & dumpsites. e in case action #2 composting is implemented in 2030 - Dangkor Landfill potential is around 0.14 to e /year in 2020 This action aims to increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill Reduced fire hazard 1. Decrease risk of collapse 2. Odour control 3. Reduced health hazard 4. Energy for leachate evaporation 5. Prevention of surface and groundwater contamination from toxic waste components 6. leachate capture and treatment 7.', 'Prevention of surface and groundwater contamination from toxic waste components 6. leachate capture and treatment 7. Employment creation Conditional NDC action: Cumulative in sanitary landfills: USD 664 million for flaring and USD 788 million including electricity generator (excluding land acquisition) Estimated accrued income in the period 1. Electricity sales: USD 69.8 million 2. Carbon revenues: USD 25.97 million based on USD Available in the region, incl. Thailand Gender diversity of workforce are female at all levels (workers to middle and executive managers) 6 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source). Can be done at different stages in the waste management value chain, either at household, community level or at landfill site. Private sector can invest in and operate the composting facilities Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) National Waste Strategy B (recycling + Strategy A (Separation) - PPCA Action Area 2-2 (Recycling Organic Waste) GHG emission reductions due to avoidance of anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills & dumpsites.', 'Private sector can invest in and operate the composting facilities Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) National Waste Strategy B (recycling + Strategy A (Separation) - PPCA Action Area 2-2 (Recycling Organic Waste) GHG emission reductions due to avoidance of anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills & dumpsites. -If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up to 0.5 e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 (depending on BAU and operational practices during composting). Increasing share of total MSW generated that is composted from by 2030. Job creation 1. Reduced odour nuisance 2. Local organic fertilizer production 3. Less leachate leakage from landfill 4. Less landfill space required, so cost-savings (but space required for composting) Conditional NDC action: 1. A one-time Investment cost (CAPEX): From USD 40-60 per annual tonne for windrow/static pile composting to USD 300-500 per annual tonne for in-vessel composting. 2. Operating costs: at least USD 32 per tonne for static pile composting. Sale of local fertilizer (compost) 1.', 'Operating costs: at least USD 32 per tonne for static pile composting. Sale of local fertilizer (compost) 1. Implementation of quality standards required, so that produced compost has the right quality (no pollutants) and can be sold. 2. Basic quality of compost can be sold for USD 120 per tonne. Available in Cambodia (e.g. COMPED and CSARO are operating a composting facilities) Gender equality will be promoted by implementing good practices and involving women at all locations where the actions will be implemented. Women will play a crucial role in composting activities at household scale as traditionally women are more involved in cooking activities. Target:Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 60% of ppl involved are women 7 Production of Refuse- Derived Fuel (RDF ) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill.', 'Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 60% of ppl involved are women 7 Production of Refuse- Derived Fuel (RDF ) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. The mechanical and biological separation and treatment of waste will be combined with an anaerobic digestion plant (generation of biogas from organic waste) to power facilities at the landfill. The produced RDF can be sold to e.g. cement industry as fuel. Private sector can invest in and manage the RDF and anaerobic digestion plant Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) 1. National Waste Strategy B (recycling + Strategy A (Separation) 2. PPCA Action Area 2-2 (Recycling Organic Waste) 1. GHG emission reductions due to avoidance of anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills & dumpsites. 2. GHG ER for composting => see 5. 3. GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion <0.2 e/year 1,100 ton/per day of MSW (fresh and landfill mining 1.', 'GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion <0.2 e/year 1,100 ton/per day of MSW (fresh and landfill mining 1. Job creation 2. Reduced odour nuisance 3. local organic fertilizer production (bioslurry) 4. less leachate leakage from landfill 5. less landfill space required Investment: USD land) Sale of surplus electricity to EdC - Sale of RDF: USD - Sales of slurry/compost (quality standards required) Available in regions, including Thailand and Vietnam Promote gender equality and workers safety (health) situation by implementing good practices Target: 40 to 60% of ppl involved are women’s 8 Implementation of National 3R strategy Waste Ministry of Environment (MOE) 1. PPCA action area 2 SDG indicator 12.5 2. Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management (SSWM) 3. The national strategy on 3R for waste management in Cambodia 1. GHG reduction due to reduced amount of plastic waste generated and burned. GHG reduction due to recycling of paper / wood 2. GHG emissions e/year Cities and secondary towns Achieving a recycle process with an environmental and economic purpose contributes to the goal of the environment and sustainability 1. Low cost for promoting awareness/campaign for public participation 2.', 'GHG emissions e/year Cities and secondary towns Achieving a recycle process with an environmental and economic purpose contributes to the goal of the environment and sustainability 1. Low cost for promoting awareness/campaign for public participation 2. High cost for recycling plastic (USD recycling will have significant economic benefits 2. Reduction of waste to be landfilled Available in the region (Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia) Proportion of young women engages in waste management of women will benefit from this action.', 'Reduction of waste to be landfilled Available in the region (Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia) Proportion of young women engages in waste management of women will benefit from this action. reduction compared to Waste Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for ) = sum ((n small scale*EFs) +(n mediunscale * EFm)+(n big scale * EFb)); the convert to C02 (using e plant per year (include: contributing people s livelihood as well as better economy USD 12,750,000 Benefit in term of gas or fuel-wood /year/HH and get Develop an acceptable and suitable biodigester for farmers and farms; Develop an effective bio- slurry for safe crop garden/farms to supply markets Women participation were encouraged 10 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector Waste Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) - The GHG benefit targeted from the action is 0.12 e from 2021-2030 at an average of 0.01 e/year Accurate data generated on garment waste profile, quantity and of suitable garment waste captured for recycling 1. Provides job opportunities for landfill pickers in a safer energy costs and Provides a more comfortable environment for The occupiers of The buildings equipped with insulation3.', 'Provides job opportunities for landfill pickers in a safer energy costs and Provides a more comfortable environment for The occupiers of The buildings equipped with insulation3. Improves local air quality by reducing The open burning of garment waste, including at The landfills4. Reduces The need for landfill space5. Reduces The need of virgin materials for manufacturing building products Indicative capital investment cost in the range of USD 2-3 million which includes collection trucks, warehouse, conveyor belts, shredder/grinder, compactors/moulders. This cost will vary depending on the final technologies selected.Operational costs will mostly consist of truck diesel (most garment companies are in the Phnom Penh area), labour and electricity. Income derived from waste collection fees and selling the products, as well as seeking financial support from well- established international buyers. Gender equality will be an important part of the project and strongly promoted. Many women work as waste pickers at the landfills and creating job opportunities in safer environments would be a central element of such project.', 'Many women work as waste pickers at the landfills and creating job opportunities in safer environments would be a central element of such project. Women of garment manufacturing employees and their knowledge and technical know-how will be tapped in for assessing recycling options. Special Economic Zone; GMAC; and Building IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 11 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector Waste Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) 1. GHG savings due to the anaerobic decomposition of carbon matter in the IWW and the inefficient running of treatment systems. 2. Water reuse will decrease the reliance on fresh water, which is sometimes extracted from depleting wells (e.g. in Bavet) 3. Less pollution of local waterways which may impact farmlands, especially in the dry season when the IWW is not diluted Due to the lack of available data, it is difficult to estimate current GHG emissions and therefore derive emission saving targets (this should be built into the project).', 'Less pollution of local waterways which may impact farmlands, especially in the dry season when the IWW is not diluted Due to the lack of available data, it is difficult to estimate current GHG emissions and therefore derive emission saving targets (this should be built into the project). Assessment of methane production potential from IWW streams is depending on the concentration of degradable organic matter in the wastewater, the volume of wastewater, and the propensity of the industrial sector to treat their wastewater in anaerobic systems, or not treat it at all. One of the best ways to reduce GHG emission is to capture the methane generated by anaerobic IWW treatment processes. However, this can be only economically feasible for large scale operations. A study in China targeting IWW with a high concentration of organics treated with anaerobic systems indicated that the amount of gas recycled in 2010 was only 5.4% of emissions. Therefore, a target of 5-10% for Cambodia may be realistic as a starting point.', 'Therefore, a target of 5-10% for Cambodia may be realistic as a starting point. Other targets may include: - 40% of required WWTPs are installed - 50% of identified improvement are implemented 1. Reduced energy and water costs at factories, by reduce water use and/or reuse treated wastewater 2. Improved air quality (odours) for workers and local populations 3. Improved water quality for local populations as direct discharge pollutes sources of water that may be used for cleaning, cooking and farming 4. Provides job opportunities for the installation of WWTPs 5. Opportunities to reuse the sludge, depending on the contamination profile The total cost will depend on the number of factories targeted. Installing a new system is a net cost, but a basic system can be installed relatively cost effectively for SMEs. Improvements of existing systems will be done according to cost benefits analysis, aiming to work with factories that will save money.', 'Improvements of existing systems will be done according to cost benefits analysis, aiming to work with factories that will save money. Overall, It could be aimed to set up a finance vehicle of USD 5-10 mn to support factories with co- financing. Gender equality will be an important part of the project and strongly promoted. Many women work in factories. Furthermore, they are likely to be more exposed by the direct discharge of IWW in local waterways as they are primarily responsible for cooking and washing. 12 Application of electrical equipment labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Increase market share of higher-class efficient appliances e/year Reduce 1.2 TWh electricity use in Labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy USD 250 million USD 280 million Labelling of electrical regulated appliances Comply with MEPS for electrical regulated appliances (With Support from Japan and Korea) Require private sectors (Producer, Importer, Retailers) to be engaged and to comply with MEPSCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', '12 Application of electrical equipment labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Increase market share of higher-class efficient appliances e/year Reduce 1.2 TWh electricity use in Labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy USD 250 million USD 280 million Labelling of electrical regulated appliances Comply with MEPS for electrical regulated appliances (With Support from Japan and Korea) Require private sectors (Producer, Importer, Retailers) to be engaged and to comply with MEPSCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 13 Public awareness campaigns Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) 1. Investments in energy efficiency are seen more favourably to decrease energy consumption 2. Creation of both in relation to the use of energy efficient appliances, as well as concerning the features of the buildings e/year Providing the necessary fundamentals to understand energy efficiency issues when in professional practice to reduce 2% in 2030. The approximate number of awareness programmes scheduled for a programmes) 1. Reducing inefficient appliances/technologies uses 2.', 'The approximate number of awareness programmes scheduled for a programmes) 1. Reducing inefficient appliances/technologies uses 2. Informing the citizens of possibilities to improve EE and of related benefits USD 20 million USD 32 million 1. Develop curriculum for educational institutions 2.', 'Informing the citizens of possibilities to improve EE and of related benefits USD 20 million USD 32 million 1. Develop curriculum for educational institutions 2. Social media to promote saving activities and preparation and broadcasting of a documentary film on Sustainable Energy 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 14 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Certification level new buildings built or undergoing major renovation electricity consumption in reduction of energy demand in new buildings /buildings undergoing major renovation Energy efficiency standards, laws and regulations concerning building energy codes are being elaborated and promulgated USD 25 million USD 40 million Information needed to improve energy efficiency in building designs 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 15 Introduction of efficient electrical industrial motors and transformer Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Enforcement of efficient electrical transformers/motors in utilities /buildings/ industries which reduces electricity consumption e/year Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in Resolve of economic viability of investing in the improvement of energy efficiency of the equipment USD 16 million USD 21 million Request to comply with new high- efficiency electric motors 30% conditional Public sector and Private sector 16 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Draft Biomass Strategy Plan (MME) Strengthen climate- resilient energy through increase clean charcoal production Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection USD 10 million USD 20 million Mixing Rice husk, Coconut shield and cops 30% Conditional Incentives for green charcoal companies to be able to compete with traditional charcoal 17 Increase energy access to rural area Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) At least 90% of household has access to electricity grid by 2030 Strengthen climate- resilient energy through electricity infrastructure improvement in order to respond to climate related disasters.', 'Social media to promote saving activities and preparation and broadcasting of a documentary film on Sustainable Energy 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 14 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Certification level new buildings built or undergoing major renovation electricity consumption in reduction of energy demand in new buildings /buildings undergoing major renovation Energy efficiency standards, laws and regulations concerning building energy codes are being elaborated and promulgated USD 25 million USD 40 million Information needed to improve energy efficiency in building designs 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 15 Introduction of efficient electrical industrial motors and transformer Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Enforcement of efficient electrical transformers/motors in utilities /buildings/ industries which reduces electricity consumption e/year Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in Resolve of economic viability of investing in the improvement of energy efficiency of the equipment USD 16 million USD 21 million Request to comply with new high- efficiency electric motors 30% conditional Public sector and Private sector 16 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Draft Biomass Strategy Plan (MME) Strengthen climate- resilient energy through increase clean charcoal production Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection USD 10 million USD 20 million Mixing Rice husk, Coconut shield and cops 30% Conditional Incentives for green charcoal companies to be able to compete with traditional charcoal 17 Increase energy access to rural area Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) At least 90% of household has access to electricity grid by 2030 Strengthen climate- resilient energy through electricity infrastructure improvement in order to respond to climate related disasters. 1.', 'Social media to promote saving activities and preparation and broadcasting of a documentary film on Sustainable Energy 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 14 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Certification level new buildings built or undergoing major renovation electricity consumption in reduction of energy demand in new buildings /buildings undergoing major renovation Energy efficiency standards, laws and regulations concerning building energy codes are being elaborated and promulgated USD 25 million USD 40 million Information needed to improve energy efficiency in building designs 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 15 Introduction of efficient electrical industrial motors and transformer Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Enforcement of efficient electrical transformers/motors in utilities /buildings/ industries which reduces electricity consumption e/year Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in Resolve of economic viability of investing in the improvement of energy efficiency of the equipment USD 16 million USD 21 million Request to comply with new high- efficiency electric motors 30% conditional Public sector and Private sector 16 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Draft Biomass Strategy Plan (MME) Strengthen climate- resilient energy through increase clean charcoal production Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection USD 10 million USD 20 million Mixing Rice husk, Coconut shield and cops 30% Conditional Incentives for green charcoal companies to be able to compete with traditional charcoal 17 Increase energy access to rural area Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) At least 90% of household has access to electricity grid by 2030 Strengthen climate- resilient energy through electricity infrastructure improvement in order to respond to climate related disasters. 1. Increase energy access to 80% by 2.', 'Increase energy access to 80% by 2. Increase energy access to 85% by Local community has electricity 24 hours. USD 40 million USD 55 million 1. Solar Home System (SHS) 2. DC Micro grid 3. AC Micro grid Solar Battery Charging station 30% Conditional Public sector and Private sector 18 Roadmap study on Integration of renewable energy resources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) into energy mix Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Target of generation power from various types renewable sources Strengthen energy reliability 25 % of RE source into power mix (generation capacity) by 2030 (solar, wind, hydro and biomass) Reduce imports energy sources and increase clean energy USD 300,000 USD 600,000 1. Solar PV 2. Onshore wind reservoir / run river 4.', 'Onshore wind reservoir / run river 4. Waste to Energy +Unconditional Public sector and Private sector 19 Diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy sources Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Draft Biomass Strategy Plan (MME) Strengthen climate- resilient energy through increase clean charcoal production 20 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality Energy National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) 1. Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation 2. Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Reducing GHG emission though energy consumption of street lightening of the rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom Municipality, Kep Municipality, and Preah Sihanuk Municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 1. Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission 2. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action USD 10 million USD 15 million 1. Climate change governance vulnerability and impact assessment for Sangkat Green Growth Policy 30% Private sector engagement through technical supportCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', 'Climate change governance vulnerability and impact assessment for Sangkat Green Growth Policy 30% Private sector engagement through technical supportCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 21 Toward Battambang city to green city Energy National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) 1. Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation 2. Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Reducing GHG emission though green city planning and ecofriendly habitant. 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city, and ecofriendly into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 1. Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission 2. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action) Paradam shif USD 8 million USD 15 million 1.', 'NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action) Paradam shif USD 8 million USD 15 million 1. Climate change governance vulnerability and impact assessment for Sangkat Green Growth Policy volunteers in green space arrangement Private sector engagement through technical support 22 Eco-payment based on changing behavior on fire wood use of community in Angkor and Kulen Conservation Park Energy National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) 2023:a) Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation) Mainstream climate change into national and sub- national development plans and the NSPS Reducing GHG emission though avoiding the extraction of the forest from Angkor conservation park and Kulen conservation park for housing, fire wood consumption, and agriculture land. 20 communes of Prasat Bakong district, Kulen District, Norkor Krav District, and Banteay Srey District, of Siem Reap Province integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 1. Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission 2. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action USD 7 million USD 15 million 1.', 'NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action USD 7 million USD 15 million 1. Climate change governance vulnerability and impact assessment for Sangkat Green Growth Policy based climate resilient grant volunteers in green space arrangement Private sector investment through eco- tourism or PPP 23 Cooling of public sector buildings Energy Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) 1. MME Standards & Labelling for cooling appliances (DRAFT) 2. MOE Guidelines for Green Building (DEVELOPING) 3. MME (with EU and ADB) Energy Efficiency Policy (DRAFT) 1. GHG emissions are reduced by a decreased reliance and use of mechanical ACs 2. GHG emissions are reduced by through energy efficient retrofits in public buildings 3. The adoption of climate-friendly cooling across all Cambodian public sector buildings would results in 0.04 e reductions against BAU per year Without stronger measures to encourage the uptake of more efficient units, IEA estimates that rising electricity demand from cooling alone is projected to require around 200 GW of additional generation capacity in 2040 and cooling could be responsible for as much as 30% share in the ASEAN region’s peak electricity demand.', 'The adoption of climate-friendly cooling across all Cambodian public sector buildings would results in 0.04 e reductions against BAU per year Without stronger measures to encourage the uptake of more efficient units, IEA estimates that rising electricity demand from cooling alone is projected to require around 200 GW of additional generation capacity in 2040 and cooling could be responsible for as much as 30% share in the ASEAN region’s peak electricity demand. Deploying more efficient ACs, along with other efficient equipment and building efficiency improvements, would permit ASEAN countries to save 110 TWh of electricity by 2040. This NDC action aims to implement climate-friendly cooling in public buildings to reduce GHG emissions: The adoption of climate-friendly cooling across all Cambodian public sector buildings would result in 0.04 e reductions against BAU per year. Cooling of public buildings has many benefits, including: 1. Reduced GHG emissions – climate-friendly solutions to cooling buildings reduces the reliance on ACs which are a source of GHGs 2.', 'Reduced GHG emissions – climate-friendly solutions to cooling buildings reduces the reliance on ACs which are a source of GHGs 2. Improved living conditions – as temperatures rise, cooling of buildings in a necessity to avoid heat stress and the subsequent health risksCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 24 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Energy Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) The National Policy, Strategy and Action Plan on Energy Efficiency in Cambodia (MIME 2013), Basic Energy Plan (2019), The National Policy on Green Growth and the National Strategic Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030 and Industrial Development Policy 2015-2025. Technology transfer in key industrial sub- sectors which are process heat intensive: bricks, food and beverage Energy efficiency measures cut the production cost and significantly boost competitiveness and productivity of manufacturing, enabling job creation. Women account for 25% of the industry workforce and around 85% of garment workers, Cambodia’s largest industrial sector Conditional Possibility for youth engagement related to factories, retailers, technology vendors etc.', 'Women account for 25% of the industry workforce and around 85% of garment workers, Cambodia’s largest industrial sector Conditional Possibility for youth engagement related to factories, retailers, technology vendors etc. Private sector involvement through factories, GMAC, retailers, ESCOs and technology vendors 1: Sustainable energy practices in garment Industry vs BAU by 2030 Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 1.1: Upgrade to efficient boiler - GHG emission e/year for 26 boilers, approximately Each efficient boiler is estimated at USD 60,000 cost. In monetary terms, savings represent USD 13.2 million in avoid wood biomass cost at an average value of USD 40.61/ton. 1.2: Sewing machine GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.002 e/year for 3,500 new electric machines. Each efficient sewing machine is estimated at USD 200. In monetary terms, electricity savings represent USDk 468 in a year, at an average electricity cost USD 0.1475/kWh. 1.3: Washing machine GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.0002 e/year for 130 new washing machines Each efficient washing machine is estimated at USD 3,500.', '1.3: Washing machine GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.0002 e/year for 130 new washing machines Each efficient washing machine is estimated at USD 3,500. In monetary terms, electricity savings represent USDk 34.8 in a year, at an average electricity cost USD 0.1475/kWh. 1.4: Drying machine GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.0001 e/year for 65 new drying machines. Each efficient drying machine is estimated at USD 3,500. In monetary terms, electricity savings represent USDk 17.4 in a year, at an average electricity cost USD 0.1475/kWh. 1.5: Compressors GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.0007 e/year for 40 new compressors. Each compressor is estimated at USD 20,000. compressors will save 693 MWh/year electricity, totaling 6,930 MWh by 2030. (40 compressors x years) 1.6: Efficient lightning appliance - GHG emission reduction is estimated at 0.005 e/year for 150,000 new efficient lightning appliances. Each lightbulb is estimated at USD16.', 'Each lightbulb is estimated at USD16. In monetary terms, electricity savings represent USDk 730 in a year, at an average electricity cost USDCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 2: Sustainable energy practices in brick industry e, 44% vs BAU by 2030 Improving brick kiln efficiency can improve the safety of brick kiln operation through implementation of better safety features that reduce risk of injury during loading of fuel and handling of bricks. Reducing the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology. 2.1: Boat-to-rotary kiln upgrade Roughly estimated GHG emission reductions: 0.03 eq/year for 8 rotary kiln replacing same amount of boat kilns. Each rotary efficient kiln is estimated at USD 200,000 cost.', 'Each rotary efficient kiln is estimated at USD 200,000 cost. In monetary terms, savings represent USD 1.57 million in avoid wood biomass cost each year, at an average value of USD 40.61/ton. 2.2: Modified boat-to- rotary kiln upgrade Roughly estimated GHG emission reductions: 0.01 e/year for 6 rotary kiln replacing same amount of modified boat kilns. Each rotary efficient kiln is estimated at USD 200,000 cost. In monetary terms, savings represent USDk 700 in avoided wood biomass cost each year, at an average value of USD 40.61/ton. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry Food and Beverage 1.04 e, 25% vs BAU by Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Roughly estimated GHG emission reductions: 0.02 e/year for 17 highly efficient boiler replacing same amount of low efficient units. One efficient boiler is estimated at USD 37,000 cost.', 'One efficient boiler is estimated at USD 37,000 cost. In monetary terms, savings represent USDk 830 in avoid wood biomass cost each year, at an average value of USD 40.61/ton. 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass-residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company Reduction of firewood by 20%, it represents e/year Savings in monetary value USD 263/year 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for days/month Installation of new additional biomass residue briquette- based boiler equipped with gas treatment system, USD 33,850 Savings in monetary value USD 263/year 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four- boiler system Switch to new system for collective distribution using 3 boilers instead of 4 independent boilers.', '4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass-residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company Reduction of firewood by 20%, it represents e/year Savings in monetary value USD 263/year 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for days/month Installation of new additional biomass residue briquette- based boiler equipped with gas treatment system, USD 33,850 Savings in monetary value USD 263/year 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four- boiler system Switch to new system for collective distribution using 3 boilers instead of 4 independent boilers. Savings in monetary value US 5,301 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuelwood saving Install a system to reuse the deposits of steam USD 6,495Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', 'Savings in monetary value US 5,301 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuelwood saving Install a system to reuse the deposits of steam USD 6,495Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 25 Actions to promote sustainable sourcing of fuel wood in the garment industry Energy Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (MISTI) 1. The Forest Law of 2. National REDD+ Strategy (NRS) 2017- 3. National Forest Development Policy Year - Annual climate impact - Total climate impact 1. 6000 ha of timber plantations established between firewood plantations established between Further evaluations have to be carried out to set a quantified target for this action. Achieving the defined target will be highly dependent on availability of climate finance, including both public and private sources, to conduct and scale up the defined activities.', 'Achieving the defined target will be highly dependent on availability of climate finance, including both public and private sources, to conduct and scale up the defined activities. Linked government actions in the forestry value chain that incentivize demand side investment, such as reducing the availability and hence pushing up the cost of unsustainable fuel wood, is key to achieving the defined targets. Accessing climate finance associated with forest preservation to fund demand side interventions is a necessary barrier to overcome to scale factory investment that affect unsustainable wood fuel production. Co-benefits to this action include the following: 1. Improved air quality due to reduced wood fuel combustion and improvement in combustion efficiency 2. Reduction of soil erosion and silting of lakes and rivers 3. Increased productivity of agricultural land affected by deforestation 4. Job creation from implementing demand side energy efficiency measures 5. Increased export industry competitiveness Total investment costs: Approximately Challenges with selection of appropriate variety of fuelwood and lands for sustainable fuelwood production Children, especially girls, and women will benefit from this action by reducing the amount of distance they have to extract fuelwood.', 'Increased export industry competitiveness Total investment costs: Approximately Challenges with selection of appropriate variety of fuelwood and lands for sustainable fuelwood production Children, especially girls, and women will benefit from this action by reducing the amount of distance they have to extract fuelwood. Conditional Private sector engagement through factories and plantations 26 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan - Direct emission reduction due F-gas transition in air- conditioning and refrigeration - Indirect emission reduction due to improved cooling efficiency - Additionally, Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code and implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities can be carried out as part of the implementation of the NCAP – see below Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Integration of the Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol mandated F-gas transition plans with plans to improve cooling efficiency and access to cooling. NCAP and its roadmap to support the adoption of Enhanced MEPS for cooling appliances and improve existing energy policies.', 'NCAP and its roadmap to support the adoption of Enhanced MEPS for cooling appliances and improve existing energy policies. e emissions by 2030 Direct GHG Emissions e emissions Indirect GHG emissions reduction – 0.92MtCO2 e Enhanced MEPS and F-gas transition for room air conditioners and residential refrigerators targeting the new & existing equipment stock in the country. Improvement in affordability and access to cooling for the population Improvement in local R&D and manufacturing Enhancement of customer trust and promotion of new & local market players Generation of jobs and boost in economy Costs: USD 50 million Benefits: Total cumulative savings after 10 years of implementation USD 1,320 Million through energy savings by 2030 (Considering USD 50 million investment and 10 years cumulative electricity savings of 6.1 TWh through NCAP) Low GWP refrigerants Hydrocarbons, etc., High Seasonal Energy Efficiency Room Air conditioners Climate adaptive and energy efficient refrigeratorsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', 'Improvement in affordability and access to cooling for the population Improvement in local R&D and manufacturing Enhancement of customer trust and promotion of new & local market players Generation of jobs and boost in economy Costs: USD 50 million Benefits: Total cumulative savings after 10 years of implementation USD 1,320 Million through energy savings by 2030 (Considering USD 50 million investment and 10 years cumulative electricity savings of 6.1 TWh through NCAP) Low GWP refrigerants Hydrocarbons, etc., High Seasonal Energy Efficiency Room Air conditioners Climate adaptive and energy efficient refrigeratorsCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 27 Inclusion of performance requirements of passive cooling systems in building energy code of Cambodia Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Environment and Natural Resources Code, which has a chapter on Sustainable Cities, making it a requirement for the capital city and cities over 200,000 people to develop a Green City Strategic Plan and identify green city development projects.', 'Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 27 Inclusion of performance requirements of passive cooling systems in building energy code of Cambodia Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Environment and Natural Resources Code, which has a chapter on Sustainable Cities, making it a requirement for the capital city and cities over 200,000 people to develop a Green City Strategic Plan and identify green city development projects. e emissions 20% of the newly constructed buildings will comply with Building Energy Code Improved air quality, more jobs and better economy, better energy security and grid reliability Costs: USD 750,000 Payback period: 2.25 years Envelope insulation, high performance glazing, Insulated door/window frames, air- tightness, shading, ventilation, cool roofs 28 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings.', 'e emissions 20% of the newly constructed buildings will comply with Building Energy Code Improved air quality, more jobs and better economy, better energy security and grid reliability Costs: USD 750,000 Payback period: 2.25 years Envelope insulation, high performance glazing, Insulated door/window frames, air- tightness, shading, ventilation, cool roofs 28 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings. Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Environment and Natural Resources Code, which has a chapter on Sustainable Cities, making it a requirement for the capital city and cities over 200,000 people to develop a Green City Strategic Plan and identify green city development projects.', 'Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Environment and Natural Resources Code, which has a chapter on Sustainable Cities, making it a requirement for the capital city and cities over 200,000 people to develop a Green City Strategic Plan and identify green city development projects. e emissions 2 cities ( Phnom Penh and Siem Reap) analysed for mitigating UHIE and projects are implemented - 2% of the existing public and commercial buildings are retrofitted with passive cooling measures Health and well-being of the citizens, energy cost savings to the consumers, improved aesthetics, increased productivity of the population, vegetation acting as carbon sinks Costs: USD 49 million Payback period: 4.5 years Urban planning, cool/green roof and greening of city 29 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport(MPWT) 1. Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 3. Rectangular Strategy, 4. National Policy on Green Growth, 5. Sectoral development plans. 30 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 1. Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 3. Rectangular Strategy, 4.', 'Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 3. Rectangular Strategy, 4. National Policy on Green Growth and sectoral development plans. inspection centers will be in operation vehicles are expected to be inspected by 2030 1. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost 2. Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. Reduce air pollution 4. Reduce GHG emission 5. Innovate technology 1. Public and public 2. Private partnership investment opportunity upgrading the current system 4. Demonstrate the system Benefit 1. Time saving maintenance cost/saving cost 3. Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 4. Reduce air pollution and GHG Technology is unavailable and costly; however, the originated country is seeking for/requiring assistant from foreign country. Lack of experts and staffs need to be trained.', 'Lack of experts and staffs need to be trained. 31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', '31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2.', 'Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2. Strengthen law enforcement activities to address unauthorized logging, and encroachment 3.', 'Strengthen law enforcement activities to address unauthorized logging, and encroachment 3. Monitor the status of ELCs and SLCs for compliance with regulations and strengthen capacity for effective monitoring 4. Support harmonization of legal frameworks for effective management of forest resources 5. Strengthen regulatory framework and capacity for social and environmental impact assessment and compliance 6. Strengthen capacity for data management and establish decision support systems for forest and land use sector Forestry REDD+ Secretariat Key Indicator of Rectangular Strategy phase - 4 Reducing of CO2 e emission 21.54 Mt CO2 - e/yearCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 7. Strengthen and scale up community-based forest management 8. Engage and encourage the private sector to implement alternative and sustainable supply chains from agro industrial plantations, and to reduce emissions 9. Expand afforestation, reforestation and restoration activities 10. Enhance timber supply and wood-based energy sourced from community-based forest management areas and private plantations to reduce pressure on forest areas 11.', 'Enhance timber supply and wood-based energy sourced from community-based forest management areas and private plantations to reduce pressure on forest areas 11. Promote effective, equitable, sustainable management and use of forests, forest lands and non-timber forest products 12. Identify and implement alternative and sustainable livelihood development programmes for local communities most dependent on forest resources 13. Support mechanisms to mainstream policies and measures that reduce deforestation in relevant government ministries and agencies14. Strengthen national and subnational capacity for improved coordination mechanisms for national land use policy and planning 15. Strengthen capacity, knowledge and awareness of stakeholders to enhance their contribution to reducing deforestation and forest degradation 16. Encourage public engagement, participation and consultations in forestry and land use planning, and promote the involvement of multiple stakeholders 17. Strengthen capacity of academic and research institutions in training, research and technology development associated with forestry and land use partnerships with development partners in building knowledge and human resources related to forestry, land use and climate changeCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.', 'Strengthen capacity of academic and research institutions in training, research and technology development associated with forestry and land use partnerships with development partners in building knowledge and human resources related to forestry, land use and climate changeCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 40 1. Promoting one tourist, one tree campaign Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Royal Government of Cambodia labels tourism sector as “Green Gold”. Tourism is a non-smoke industry which import in places. Baseline: 5 locations Kompong Speu Kratie (Kosh Trong) Kompot (Kompong and other locations approximately is Target: 25 locations covering all provinces/city Reducing natural disaster, job creation for local people, poverty alleviation, social welfare improvement, cultural and environmental conservation, protecting biodiversity. USD 2 million USD 2.5 million Public toilet, education signboard, billboard, rubbish bin etc. The M&E system will be aligned with National Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Climate Change. Encouraging women, elderly, children, poorest to involve, they might understand and support new mindset that would provide (for adaptation projects).', 'Encouraging women, elderly, children, poorest to involve, they might understand and support new mindset that would provide (for adaptation projects). Small unconditional for planting tree, state-public land Conditional to support community for developing and maintain/care tree 1. Youth could join by in-kind and cash to support the activity 1. Private sector could join by in- kind and cash to support the activity. 2. Private sector and community could take benefits travel manner in order to protect and conserve environment, biodiversity, culture and local livelihood improvement Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Baseline: 58 Hotel Target: 150 Hotels Conditional MoT will closely work with travel agencies and private sector to promote those relevant guidelines. 42 3. Always remind and practice 3R in all tourists´acivities Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Target: all tourist activities would be targeted Conditional Private would provide bags, re-fill bottle water, support recycle shops or association. Provide big bottle water for refilling. 43 4.', 'Provide big bottle water for refilling. 43 4. Reducing energy use, improving energy efficiency, increasing the use of renewable energy, carbon offsetting, waste management and recycling, and water conservation Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Emission reduction: 1- Be more activities from tourists including; adventure, cycling, walking, hiking, Stop using car, bus, van and other vehicle by using gas/energy into tourist sites by replace of cow cart, ride bicycle, or walking. Conditional Private sector/agencies are key destination management Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Emission reduction: 1- Be more activities from tourists including; adventure, cycling, walking, hiking, Stop using car, bus, van and other vehicle by using gas/energy into tourist sites by replace of cow cart, ride bicycle, or walking. Conditional Private sector/agencies are key and green tourism activities Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Emission reduction: 1- Be more activities from tourists including; adventure, cycling, walking, hiking, Stop using car, bus, van and other vehicle by using gas/energy into tourist sites by replace of cow cart, ride bicycle, or walking.', 'Conditional Private sector/agencies are key and green tourism activities Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Emission reduction: 1- Be more activities from tourists including; adventure, cycling, walking, hiking, Stop using car, bus, van and other vehicle by using gas/energy into tourist sites by replace of cow cart, ride bicycle, or walking. Conditional Private sector/agencies are key 46 Installing air quality monitoring equipment in all provinces across the countries and establishing air quality data monitoring center with mobile application for public information and access Other industry Ministry of Environment (MOE) Conditional Private sector engagement through technical supportCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 47 Establishing air quality monitoring and broadcasting center Other industry Ministry of Environment (MOE) Cost (Installing air quality monitoring equipment and establishing data center and mobile application).', 'Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 47 Establishing air quality monitoring and broadcasting center Other industry Ministry of Environment (MOE) Cost (Installing air quality monitoring equipment and establishing data center and mobile application). Cost of air quality monitoring equipment is around 5,000 = USD 1,075,000) - Benefit (air quality data, public health early warning system) Conditional Private sector engagement through technical support 48 Improving urban environmental management through increasing green spaces in the city Policy and planning Ministry of Environment (MOE) Conditional Private sector engagement through technical support 49 Emission management from factories Other industry Ministry of Environment (MOE) Unconditional Require full private sector engagement 50 Air quality management from construction sites Other industry Ministry of Environment (MOE) USD 500,000 Unconditional Require full private sector engagement 51 Development of a long- term low emission strategy Policy and planning National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) Conditional Require full private sector engagementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Appendix 2: Detailed Adaptation Actions No. Adaptation action Sector Ministry Government priority Resilience building potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits (mitigation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDG s 1 Towards an agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang Agriculture National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) 1.', 'Adaptation action Sector Ministry Government priority Resilience building potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits (mitigation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDG s 1 Towards an agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang Agriculture National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) 1. Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen local agricultural practice to respond to climate hazards through innovation of agroecological technology Baseline is 0. Target: 100,000 by 2026 (with policy intervention the project has the potential to scale-up to 5 million people accounting for 30% of total population) 1. Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology 2. Improved new management approach in agroecosystem 3. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards FAO 2. GCF funding modalities and investment criteria standards 3.', 'GCF funding modalities and investment criteria standards 3. NCDD accreditation standards Target 30% women beneficiaries 50% participation of women in stakeholder consultations and 50% women representation on project decision making boards The component of project output to be aligned with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub- national Democratic Development of NCDD Private sector from the agriculture supply chain Improvement of Agricultural Productivity and Diversification and Agri-Business) Development of rice crops for increase production, improved quality- safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro- business enhancement Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Increase rice productivity, reduce loss during and post harvesting and improve rice quality, safety. Baseline: 11.51 million tonne in 2020 Target: 3% increased production/year Promote climate- friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.', 'Baseline: 11.51 million tonne in 2020 Target: 3% increased production/year Promote climate- friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment master plan of Stress tolerant varieties, Agriculture(CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP),Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Organic Agriculture, ISNM, Integrated Pest management (IPM), water saving techniques, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Complex Rice System (for example duck- rice farming), Agroforestry, on- farm seed conservation and selection technics and post- harvests technologies, Sustainable landscape management (land levelling, integrated micro- watershed management). Enhance women s economic empowerment and promote the participation of women in decision-process within the value chain, with emphasize on post- harvesting opportunities and agro-business (incl. women in Rice ACs, capacity development for leadership roles within ACs etc.). Ensure women s meaningful and active participation in capacity development and opportunities.', 'Ensure women s meaningful and active participation in capacity development and opportunities. This requires gender related targets such as, (1) equal representation of women and men (50% women) participate in stakeholder (suggest this could be 50% to be equal with men) of the total project beneficiaries of extension services, training and inputs are female farmers, and (3) 50% of women beneficiaries self-report a reduction in their work burden as a result of project activities At least 35% of female- farmers (including female- headed households) will benefit from relevant trainings, access to resources, extension services taking into account their work burdens. Youth represents agriculture sectors. They will be engaged in capacity development, technology transfer in relation to sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Good Agriculture Practice (GAP), and pre and post-harvest techniques. Youth will be strongly involved in Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP), and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), enterprise development and agro-business activities to ensure food security and income generation among the youth groups. Various private sector players i.e. rice miller, processing, exporter, producers; inputs suppliers; buyers will be promoted in rice crop production.', 'rice miller, processing, exporter, producers; inputs suppliers; buyers will be promoted in rice crop production. The private sectors will be strongly engaged/involved in working with small scale farmers such as providing technical assistance, support to provide credit so that farmers can access to inputs and contracting to buy the productCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3 Development of horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality- safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro- business enhancement Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Increase horticulture production and productivity and profit in horticulture production value chains through using tress tolerant varieties and CSA practices and increasing resilience to climate change. Fostering local chemical free produced vegetable value chains by improving sustainable water management practices, promoting diversification to increase food security, access to healthy food and diversified income opportunities resilient to climate change. Target: Increased supply of vegetable 2% /year to local market 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).', 'Target: Increased supply of vegetable 2% /year to local market 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). Youth will be strongly involved in pre and post-harvest technology, and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), Enterprise development and other agro-business enhancement to ensure food security and income generation among the youth groups. Investment return not estimated Stress tolerant varieties, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Conservation Agriculture (CA),Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), ISNM, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), Organic Agriculture, water saving techniques post-harvests technologies and stress tolerant species and varieties, intercropping, agroforestry, crop rotation, mixed cropping /companion planting, integrated farming system approach At least 35% of women are involved in agriculture sector. Empowering women through strengthening their roles and capacities in the horticultural value chains, increasing income generation and food security at the same time through for example surplus selling of home garden systems.', 'Empowering women through strengthening their roles and capacities in the horticultural value chains, increasing income generation and food security at the same time through for example surplus selling of home garden systems. Decrease work burden for women through improved practices and technologies (for example drip irrigation) empower women through improved nutrition to their household. Target: beneficiaries receiving training on horticulture are women; 2. 50% of all women project beneficiaries avail childcare services to enable their full participation in horticulture training programs; 3. 50% of all gender awareness training participants are men; 4. 50% of all women project beneficiaries report an increase income as a result of project activities; and 5. 50% of women project beneficiaries report a reduce in hours spent on horticulture activities as a result of access to improved practices and technologies (Ref:FAO and MAFF, 2017: Gender Assessment in Agriculture sector. MAFF, 2015: Gender mainstreaming policy and strategic framework in Agriculture 2016-2020. MoP, 2017: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey Youth represents agriculture sectors.', 'MoP, 2017: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey Youth represents agriculture sectors. They will be engaged in capacity development, technology transfer in relation to sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Good Agriculture Practice (GAP), and pre and post-harvest techniques. Youth will be strongly involved in Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP), and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), enterprise development and agro-business activities to ensure food security and income generation among the youth groups. Promote and engagement of private sector including investors/input suppliers, exporters, and SME/ entrepreneurs to be involved in the horticulture value chains that can boost multiple and double cropping to adapt with climate variability; particularly in dry season for smallholders and medium farmers aiming to improve food security and income generation.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 4 Development of Industry crops for increase in production, improved quality- safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro- business enhancement Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Increase industry crop productivity and profit in the production value chains through stress-tolerant varieties and CSA practices and increasing resilience to climate change. Diversification will also contribute to increase in income (Land equivalent ratio) and diversification of economic opportunities of farmers to adapt to climate change. Increase in income through improvement in processing technologies.', 'Diversification will also contribute to increase in income (Land equivalent ratio) and diversification of economic opportunities of farmers to adapt to climate change. Increase in income through improvement in processing technologies. million tons in 2020 Target: 10% increased production per year Promote climate- friendly Agri- business value chain and profit generation boosting local food security through diversification, reduction in soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions through fostering eco-system services through CSA practices. Investment return not estimated Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Agroforestry, Integrated Soil and Nutrient Management (ISNM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Botanical pesticide production, organic fertilizer, Conservation Agriculture (CA), water saving techniques and post- harvests and processing technologies and improving stress tolerant species and variety selection. Promote women in collective business and provide relevant technical trainings and capacity building on quality, safety, harvest, post-harvest, financial literacy, enterprise development and processing/packaging skills. At least 50% women are engaged in consultation, planning and decision making process for sustainable landscape management through the application/replicate of the CSA practices, agroforestry, conservation agriculture, etc.', 'At least 50% women are engaged in consultation, planning and decision making process for sustainable landscape management through the application/replicate of the CSA practices, agroforestry, conservation agriculture, etc. Strengthen women s leadership roles and knowledge sharing on women-led success stories women s good practices to improve women s opportunities within the Value Chains and/or sustainable market accessibility which ultimately contribute their increase in income generation and food security. 50% of women beneficiaries report an increase in income generation as a result of improved market accessibility 50% of women beneficiary’s report food security through a 12- month period as a result of the project activities. Youth represents agriculture sectors. They will be engaged in capacity development, technology transfer in relation to sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Good Agriculture Practice (GAP), and pre and post-harvest techniques. Youth will be strongly involved in Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP), and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), enterprise development and agro-business activities to ensure food security and income generation among the youth groups. Promote private sector players in various phases of industrial crop value chain.', 'Promote private sector players in various phases of industrial crop value chain. They will be involved in support to provide sustainable agriculture practices, techniques and technology transfer, improving water management practices, pre and post-harvest technology, processing (i.e. cashew nut/cassava processing) and certification for market expansion. 5 Improvement of support services and capacity building to crop production resilient to climate change by promoting research, trials and up-scaling climate- smart farming systems that increase resilience to CC and extreme weather events Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Boosting climate- resilient agriculture adoption by Institutional capacity building and extension services to transfer CSA technology to farmers. This will enable farmers to respond to climate hazards, improve food security and productivity, and increase ecological and economic resilience while Baseline: Departments of GDA and 12 Seed farms, research stations and development and training centers, selected Agricultural Cooperatives.Targets: Increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improving resilience facilities, tools and technologies. Increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improving resilience facilities, tools and technologies. of GDA, 12 Seed farms research stations and development and training centers, and selected Agricultural Cooperatives. Crop production manuals (e.g.', 'of GDA, 12 Seed farms research stations and development and training centers, and selected Agricultural Cooperatives. Crop production manuals (e.g. SRP, GAP, Post-harvest technologies/tools, Agricultural Organic Standards, irrigation facilities, saving water technologies/tools, green houses) and Irrigation facilities and agricultural machinery tools/ equipment), Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Agroforestry, Integrated Soil and Nutrient management (ISNM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Botanical pesticide production, organic fertilizer, Conservation Agriculture (CA), water saving techniques (rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation etc.) and post- harvests and processing 35% of female farmers participate in capacity female farmers receive extension services35% of female farmers report a reduction in hours spent on their agricultural activities as a result of project activities Strengthen women s leadership roles and knowledge sharing on women-led success stories women s good practices to improve women s opportunities within the Value Chains and/or sustainable market Youth represent agriculture sectors. They will be engaged in capacity development, technology transfer in relation to sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Good Agriculture Practice (GAP), and pre and post-harvest techniques.', 'They will be engaged in capacity development, technology transfer in relation to sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Good Agriculture Practice (GAP), and pre and post-harvest techniques. Youth will be strongly involved in The private sector players active in capacity development, investment of technology innovation to adapt with the climate sensitivity (i.e. suitable agriculture equipment and machinery), improved access to quality inputs, pre- and post- harvest technologies, processing and marketing.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) mitigating climate change effects. technologies and improving stress tolerant species and variety selection, crop rotation, mixed cropping /companion planting, integrated farming system approach, Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), water saving techniques (drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting and storage, integrated aquaponics systems), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP),Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Organic Agriculture, ISNM, Integrated Pest management (IPM), water saving techniques, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Complex Rice System (for example duck-rice farming), on- farm seed conservation and selection technics and post- harvests technologies, Sustainable landscape management (land levelling, integrated micro- watershed management). accessibility which ultimately contribute their increase in income generation and food security.', 'accessibility which ultimately contribute their increase in income generation and food security. 25% increase in women in leadership positions in project activities Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP), and Agriculture Cooperative (ACs), enterprise development and agro-business activities to ensure food security and income generation among the youth groups. 6 Building climate change resilience on cassava production and processing Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Climate Change Priorities Action Plan for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Building the resilience of country cassava production and processing for economic development, human health and environmental sustainability Baseline: N/A Target: Cassava farmers in at least 15 provinces in the country, or more than 0.6 million hectares in cassava production (MAFF, 2018), plus the growing cassava processing industry Mitigation: reduce pollution from processing Environmental: Prevent soil erosion Social: healthy living conditions for people in the cassava production areas 2,890,000 a). Economy of national and cassava farmers improved; b). Land erosion and soil fertility degradation minimized; c). Health of populations living in the cassava processing areas improved 1. Variety improvement program for Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease; 2. Prevention of soil erosion and soil nutrient leaching; 3.', 'Prevention of soil erosion and soil nutrient leaching; 3. Appropriate waste management for cassava processing developed Women have been actively involved in different phases of research and enhancing of agricultural productivity, improvement of quality and agriculture technology transfer. At least 50% of women involved in agricultural research will participate in new technology development and distribution. Women s voices and needs will be ensured along the process of the climate resilient research and technology development. Gender responsive target suggestions: # of women in leadership positions in new technology development and distribution # of women and other socially marginalized groups consulted as part of climate research # of gender analyses conducted as part of new research Further analysis on youth involvement in cassava production, capacity and necessary resources is required. Provide capacity building based on the need, ongoing technical support, improve access to resources (financial, inputs, suitable equipment) in cassava production and processing.', 'Provide capacity building based on the need, ongoing technical support, improve access to resources (financial, inputs, suitable equipment) in cassava production and processing. Private sectors will be actively participating in capacity development, supply of inputs, improvement processing facilities and technology and exportation.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 7 Research for the development and enhancement of agricultural productivity, quality, and transfer through strengthening of crop variety conservation and new crop variety release responding to the impacts of climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) plan in respond to the impact of CC National Demography Increase and stabilization of crop production through conducting research on plant genetic conservation and utilization, release of new crop varieties with high yield and quality, resistant biotic and abiotic stresses. Baseline: 38 varieties conserved in 2019 1 new variety released Target: 200 varieties conservation and rejuvenation per year; At least 2 new crop varieties released per year Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources are being conserved in CARDI’s gene-bank and on field for long term utilization.', 'Baseline: 38 varieties conserved in 2019 1 new variety released Target: 200 varieties conservation and rejuvenation per year; At least 2 new crop varieties released per year Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources are being conserved in CARDI’s gene-bank and on field for long term utilization. ; New crop varieties released to respond to climate change ; new crop varieties with high yielding and quality, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Women have been actively involved in different phases of research and enhancing of agricultural productivity, improvement of quality and agriculture technology transfer. At least 50% of women involved in agricultural research will participate in new technology development and distribution. Women s voices and needs will be ensured along the process of the climate resilient research and technology development.', 'Women s voices and needs will be ensured along the process of the climate resilient research and technology development. Gender responsive target suggestions: # of women in leadership positions in new technology development and distribution # of women and other socially marginalized groups consulted as part of climate research # of gender analyses conducted as part of new research More than 50% of youths (who are involved in the proposed priorities for agricultural development sector) will be engaged to participate in new technology development and distribution. They include students, researchers, scientists, sellers and farmers. It is important to work with all stakeholders such as farmers agricultural communities, agricultural cooperatives, SME, and Cambodian rice milling association.', 'It is important to work with all stakeholders such as farmers agricultural communities, agricultural cooperatives, SME, and Cambodian rice milling association. 8 Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) plan in respond to the impact of CC National Demography Technology package for rice crop diversification; New upland soil classification and fertilizer recommendations; Land erosion, degradation, and soil fertility management in lowland and upland areas Baseline: NA Target: At least 5 types of new technologies developed responding to climate change Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources 1,500,000 £2,250,000.00 Mung-bean grown within short duration variety (Less than 55days from planting till first harvesting) and irrigated with small amounts of water; Upland soil map development with Fertilizer recommendation; Technology transfer of rice seed purification technique for farmer level; Quality seed produced and Pre- and post-harvest technology development Women will be engaged to participate in research and technology development.', '8 Development of new technologies and increased yields by using new crop varieties which adapt to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) plan in respond to the impact of CC National Demography Technology package for rice crop diversification; New upland soil classification and fertilizer recommendations; Land erosion, degradation, and soil fertility management in lowland and upland areas Baseline: NA Target: At least 5 types of new technologies developed responding to climate change Promotion of environment and conservation of natural resources 1,500,000 £2,250,000.00 Mung-bean grown within short duration variety (Less than 55days from planting till first harvesting) and irrigated with small amounts of water; Upland soil map development with Fertilizer recommendation; Technology transfer of rice seed purification technique for farmer level; Quality seed produced and Pre- and post-harvest technology development Women will be engaged to participate in research and technology development. More than 50% of female farmers will benefit from capacity building and extension services in particular new technologies on crop diversification, variety selection of stress tolerant crops, and soil fertilities management in low and upland areas, pre and post- harvest technology.', 'More than 50% of female farmers will benefit from capacity building and extension services in particular new technologies on crop diversification, variety selection of stress tolerant crops, and soil fertilities management in low and upland areas, pre and post- harvest technology. More than 50% of youths (who are involved in the proposed priorities for agriculture development sector) will be engaged to participate in new technology development and distribution. They include students, researchers, scientists, sellers and farmers. All stakeholders including farmer agricultural communities, agricultural cooperatives, SME, and Cambodian rice milling association will be engaged to be involved in developing new technologies, facilities to develop, test and demonstrate the resilience of crop varieties. 9 Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) 2023) and CCAP Resilient rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ in Cambodia for sustainable production and reduced maintaining cost.Rubber clone trial and experimental to produces best accessions variety by AEZ in term of resilient, good yield and rubber quality.Carbon sequestration and contribute to sound ecological function.', '9 Development of rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) 2023) and CCAP Resilient rubber clone varieties suitable for AEZ in Cambodia for sustainable production and reduced maintaining cost.Rubber clone trial and experimental to produces best accessions variety by AEZ in term of resilient, good yield and rubber quality.Carbon sequestration and contribute to sound ecological function. Baseline: 363 farmers trained in 2019 (DGR, trained planter in 5 AEZ; at least 1 new clone variety developed Maintain and improved rubber production and provide employment;Improv ement of rubber plant genetic and fully scientifically documented;Increas ed revenue by reduced maintaining cost; Mitigation as rubber plantation e Economic growth 9,248,600 $13,872,900.00 Horticulture, Cloning and breeding, Plantation trial and analysis, Land suitability, soil improvement. Implementation of gender sensitive extension services and promotion of women roles in value chain development. 50% of rubber producers participating in trainings are women.', '50% of rubber producers participating in trainings are women. 50% of women beneficiary’s report extension services meet their specific needs and priorities # of women report new waged positions in rubber value chain development Ensure the engagement of at least 80 % of youth involved in the rubber production in capacity development including development rubber clone variety that are suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change. Private sector will be engaged in capacity development and adopt/using clone technology after training. The private sectors will be supported with rubber seeds that are suitable for AEZ and resilient to climate change.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) institutional and capacity development on climate change impact, vulnerability assessment, adaption measures and mitigation related to rubber sector Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) 2023) and CCAP Overcome the unique challenges of rubber involved in responding to climate change it must be able to act on foresight, learn and adapt, build collaborative coalitions for action through research and/or enhance existing GAP subjective to rubber plantation practices. Baseline: 171 sub- national/extension workers trained in 2019.', 'Baseline: 171 sub- national/extension workers trained in 2019. Target: 5 permanent sample plots (PSP) equipped with mini weather stations; 150 well trained national technical staff, worker, and 30 rubber small holder association; Support to sub- national level 20 times. Sustainable rubber production to support economic development and employment 3,852,000 $5,778,000.00 PSP (permanent sample plot) establishment, data recording and analyses technique; Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Agroforestry, sustainable land management. All levels of interventions will target at least 30% of women beneficiaries and 50% representation of women and men in stakeholder consultations. Equally involve participation of men and women in Vulnerability Impact Assessment (VIA) to assess the needs and constraints to ensure comprehensive gender analysis in the report. All data measuring vulnerability will be disaggregated by gender, age, location, income Include gender-sensitive indicators in the institutional development i.e.', 'All data measuring vulnerability will be disaggregated by gender, age, location, income Include gender-sensitive indicators in the institutional development i.e. at least 30% of women will be represented in particular in leadership positions Ensure the engagement of at least 80 % of youth involving in the rubber production in capacity development specifically on climate change vulnerability impact assessment, improvement of adaptation and mitigation measure related to rubber production. Private sector will be involved in capacity development, planning to improve the effectiveness of adaptation measures and mitigation actions related to the rubber sector. animal production and animal health) Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through AI which can adapt to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Strengthened climate-resilient animal breed through modern technology Baseline: Animal breed production: 338 of Cattle breeds produced and 123347 of piglets produced in 2019.', 'animal production and animal health) Improvement of animal breeding technology in Cambodia through AI which can adapt to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Strengthened climate-resilient animal breed through modern technology Baseline: Animal breed production: 338 of Cattle breeds produced and 123347 of piglets produced in 2019. Meat production Target: Increase animal breed by 3%/year and meat production by 3% for 25 provinces/ year Environmental, social and adaptation animals’ production and meat by At least households keeping, raising livestock will benefit from the prioritized activities in 5 different AEZs AI, feed fodder, cooling systems and deworming, and vaccine programmes At least 23% of beneficiaries will be female-farmers will be involved in various capacities in the development of animal breeding technologies and genetic management of animal production. They will be also engaged in animal management technology, feeding, grazing and disease management, improvement of access information, services, engagement in the roles of livestock commercialization and livestock production. Youth represent 5% in animal production. They will be supported in capacity building and animal breeding technology to adapt to climate change. Youth engagement will be promoted through whole process of animal production value chain.', 'Youth engagement will be promoted through whole process of animal production value chain. Private sector/ animal husbandry farm owners will be supported on AI technology to produce and sell high quality of cattle sperm, to improve the quality of cattle productions. They will provide technical support and extension services to smallholders for improving adaptive capacity and household production 12 Promotion of research capacities on animal genetic, animal breeding, and animal feed is strengthened to adapt to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Strengthened research skills and Improved breeding technologies; improved vaccination. of animal received vaccines in 2019 Target: get 1 vaccination after 10 years; Vaccines to Environmental, social and adaptation mortality to less expected to increase Animal Breeding and Feeding (AI technique, Fodder Programme), cooling systems, de-worming and vaccine programmes, Animal disease surveillance) At least 20% of women will be engaged and improved technology literacy and technical capacity on animal husbandry.', 'of animal received vaccines in 2019 Target: get 1 vaccination after 10 years; Vaccines to Environmental, social and adaptation mortality to less expected to increase Animal Breeding and Feeding (AI technique, Fodder Programme), cooling systems, de-worming and vaccine programmes, Animal disease surveillance) At least 20% of women will be engaged and improved technology literacy and technical capacity on animal husbandry. Suggested target: 20% of all beneficiaries of technology literacy on animal husbandry are women Promote women s roles as livestock ownership, care providers, feed gatherers, processors, users and sellers as a key aspect of local economic development. 50% of women beneficiaries report new assets (livestock) 70% of women beneficiaries report new skills in animal husbandry 40% of youth (animal raisers) will be engaged in research and development of animal genetic, animal breeding and animal feeding technologies (i.e. AI technology, fodder programme), cooling systems, deworming and vaccine programmes to adapt to climate change.', 'AI technology, fodder programme), cooling systems, deworming and vaccine programmes to adapt to climate change. The private sector will play important role in replicating and piloting the technologies including improvement in animal breeding, AI technologies, cooling systems, deworming, vaccine programmes, animal disease surveillance and fodder programmes.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Animal Health and Production cooperatives establishment and Technical guidelines for animal health and production set up, Integration with farming systems based on animal production is expanded Baseline: NA Target: 5 Animal Health and Production cooperatives/year Environmental, social and adaptation 6,250,000 Provide benefits to 750 farmers /year; expected increase Animal breed and waste trustable and acceptable technology to farmers and cooperatives At least 60% of female animal raisers/ farmers will be engaged in capacity strengthening to prevent risk, and increase preparedness and response to climate change.', 'The private sector will play important role in replicating and piloting the technologies including improvement in animal breeding, AI technologies, cooling systems, deworming, vaccine programmes, animal disease surveillance and fodder programmes.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) capacities for risk prevention and reduction, effective emergency preparedness and response at all levels; enhancing livestock and disease-related early warning system, and integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures into recovery and rehabilitation initiatives in the livestock sector Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Animal Health and Production cooperatives establishment and Technical guidelines for animal health and production set up, Integration with farming systems based on animal production is expanded Baseline: NA Target: 5 Animal Health and Production cooperatives/year Environmental, social and adaptation 6,250,000 Provide benefits to 750 farmers /year; expected increase Animal breed and waste trustable and acceptable technology to farmers and cooperatives At least 60% of female animal raisers/ farmers will be engaged in capacity strengthening to prevent risk, and increase preparedness and response to climate change. 75% of women beneficiaries’ report increase knowledge, inputs and technologies to respond to the changing climate Provide technical support and adaptation measures to women groups/ animal production cooperatives with veterinary services (i.e.', '75% of women beneficiaries’ report increase knowledge, inputs and technologies to respond to the changing climate Provide technical support and adaptation measures to women groups/ animal production cooperatives with veterinary services (i.e. vaccination, monitoring of diseases), credit, and other form of recovery, rehabilitation measures and market linkages. # of women s groups/animal production cooperatives benefit from project activities 5% of youth involved in animal production will be supported on capacity development particularly on risk reduction, preparedness and response to climate shocks as well as technology transfer, knowledge and skills on early warning systems and disease management. They will be also be engaged in collective businesses, enterprise development, financial accessibility and market linkage. Promote capacity development, and technical response for risk prevention and reduction. The private sector will be also promoted to support climate adaptation measures to mobilize financial resources and technical capacity, leverage the efforts of governments, engage civil society and community efforts, and develop innovative climate services and adaptation technologies.', 'The private sector will be also promoted to support climate adaptation measures to mobilize financial resources and technical capacity, leverage the efforts of governments, engage civil society and community efforts, and develop innovative climate services and adaptation technologies. management and aquaculture development ) Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) Climate Change Priorities Action Plan for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Increase adaptation, strengthen livelihoods and safeguard food and nutrition security of small-scale fishermen Baseline: 307,408 tons Increased aquaculture yields by 20% annually Develop aquaculture system increase production, enhance livelihoods related to food and nutrition security, reduce fishing pressure on fisheries resources will be engaged in aquaculture production and benefits (RGC, (i) Domesticate and produce both indigenous and exotic species that are more adaptable to climate change;(ii) Promote aquaculture in plastic ponds and composite ponds; (iii) Promote cage and pen culture in man-made reservoirs 50% of beneficiaries in improved aquaculture production are women50% of women report improved access to beneficiaries of in farm and out farm activities are women 65.5% of youth involved in aquaculture will be engaged in construction and operations of fishponds, fish hatching, and fish marketing.', 'management and aquaculture development ) Promoting aquaculture production systems and practices that are more adaptive to climate change Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) Climate Change Priorities Action Plan for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Increase adaptation, strengthen livelihoods and safeguard food and nutrition security of small-scale fishermen Baseline: 307,408 tons Increased aquaculture yields by 20% annually Develop aquaculture system increase production, enhance livelihoods related to food and nutrition security, reduce fishing pressure on fisheries resources will be engaged in aquaculture production and benefits (RGC, (i) Domesticate and produce both indigenous and exotic species that are more adaptable to climate change;(ii) Promote aquaculture in plastic ponds and composite ponds; (iii) Promote cage and pen culture in man-made reservoirs 50% of beneficiaries in improved aquaculture production are women50% of women report improved access to beneficiaries of in farm and out farm activities are women 65.5% of youth involved in aquaculture will be engaged in construction and operations of fishponds, fish hatching, and fish marketing. They will receive support in term of technical training and capacity development in collective business, development of fishponds, hatchery facilities, selecting of brood stock, transferring, feed preparation, harvest and post- harvest technology and marketing.', 'They will receive support in term of technical training and capacity development in collective business, development of fishponds, hatchery facilities, selecting of brood stock, transferring, feed preparation, harvest and post- harvest technology and marketing. Private sector engagement/cooperat ion in fisheries product and food safety in response to climate change and disaster risk reduction. They will be strongly engaged in the process of capacity development, input supplies (i.e. feed), trading and processing technologies and marketing.', 'They will be strongly engaged in the process of capacity development, input supplies (i.e. feed), trading and processing technologies and marketing. 15 Promoting climate resilience in the fisheries sector Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) Climate Change Priorities Action Plan for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Sustainable use of fisheries resources and Increase adaptation, strengthen livelihoods and safeguard food and nutrition security Capture fisheries production from all sources sustained to metric tons annually Develop fishes and aquatic habitats, sustain fish yields, strengthen food and nutrition security households engaged with fishing activities will benefit from the intervention (i)Dredging and rehabilitation of fish refuges and critical habitats; (ii) Protection of flooded and mangrove forests as the spawning, nursing and feeding habitats for fish and other aquatic animal 50% of participants in rehabilitation of fish refuges and mangrove forest are women 50% of beneficiaries receiving extension services are women 50% of women beneficiaries have successfully been approved for loans (or credit services) and gained access to fisheries resources 30% of youth involved in fishery sector will be engaged in consultation meetings, engaging sustainable fishery management and protection the critical habitats and mangroves and flooded forests.', '15 Promoting climate resilience in the fisheries sector Agriculture Ministry of Agricultur e, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) Climate Change Priorities Action Plan for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Sustainable use of fisheries resources and Increase adaptation, strengthen livelihoods and safeguard food and nutrition security Capture fisheries production from all sources sustained to metric tons annually Develop fishes and aquatic habitats, sustain fish yields, strengthen food and nutrition security households engaged with fishing activities will benefit from the intervention (i)Dredging and rehabilitation of fish refuges and critical habitats; (ii) Protection of flooded and mangrove forests as the spawning, nursing and feeding habitats for fish and other aquatic animal 50% of participants in rehabilitation of fish refuges and mangrove forest are women 50% of beneficiaries receiving extension services are women 50% of women beneficiaries have successfully been approved for loans (or credit services) and gained access to fisheries resources 30% of youth involved in fishery sector will be engaged in consultation meetings, engaging sustainable fishery management and protection the critical habitats and mangroves and flooded forests. Private sector will be engaged in protection of flooded forests and reforestation activities for example with the incentives for ecosystem services certification scheme or as a part of Social Corporative Responsibilities activities.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 16 Scaled up climate‐ resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐resilient practices Agriculture National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) INDC: Developing climate-proof agriculture systems for adapting to change in water variability to enhance crop yields Strengthen the adaptive capacities of smallholder farmers and coastal communities, especially women and most vulnerable groups, to cope with impacts of climate change induced challenges on their livelihoods as well as on water- energy- food security.', 'Private sector will be engaged in protection of flooded forests and reforestation activities for example with the incentives for ecosystem services certification scheme or as a part of Social Corporative Responsibilities activities.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 16 Scaled up climate‐ resilient agricultural production through increased access to solar irrigation systems and other climate‐resilient practices Agriculture National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) INDC: Developing climate-proof agriculture systems for adapting to change in water variability to enhance crop yields Strengthen the adaptive capacities of smallholder farmers and coastal communities, especially women and most vulnerable groups, to cope with impacts of climate change induced challenges on their livelihoods as well as on water- energy- food security. provinces namely Takeo, Pursat, Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Thom, Kandal and Prey Veng with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 1. GHG emission reduction through solar irrigation 2.', 'provinces namely Takeo, Pursat, Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Thom, Kandal and Prey Veng with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 1. GHG emission reduction through solar irrigation 2. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards 10,000,000 17,000,000 Solar water pumps Medical cold chain Improved access to sustainable agriculture and medical cold chain for food security and better health services for women and men in vulnerable communities as well as safe drinking water for coastal communities Target: 30% of beneficiaries receiving cold chain services (for food storage) are women 50% of all project beneficiaries reporting access to safe drinking water are women Will be important to engage with the private sector in the agriculture and energy sectors to ensure adequate capacity. 17 Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people Agriculture Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Building adaptive capacity of rural poor people for better living standards 2,000 Rural poor People (Poor 1, & Poor 2).', '17 Developing a training manual and providing training on approaches for development of climate-smart and sustainable livelihood to rural poor people Agriculture Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Building adaptive capacity of rural poor people for better living standards 2,000 Rural poor People (Poor 1, & Poor 2). Adaptive capacity of rural poor people will contribute to livelihood promotion and environmentally friendly 10,000,000 Poor villagers will change their behavior and attitudes in working hard for their betterment of their livelihoods and communities Lessons learnt and best practice from other countries can be applied. In poor villagers both men and women participate in training program . Target: 50% of program beneficiaries are women Conditional Youth among the poor family (15-35 years old) are engaged 18 Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities.', 'Target: 50% of program beneficiaries are women Conditional Youth among the poor family (15-35 years old) are engaged 18 Protection, risk mitigation, and resilience building from marine pollution particularly caused by activities on land including marine pollution from waste and aquaculture activities. Coastal zones Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) NSDP Effective coastal zone management resilience to climate change as well as projection of other impacts that caused by human activities % of coastal pollution reduction through marine conservation activities % of coastal pollution reduction through solid waste management of the 4 coastal cities and provinces % of coastal pollution reduction through waste water management of the 4 coastal cities and provinces Mitigation: reduce GHG emission from waste in ocean Biodiversity of marine resources management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans Coastal zones Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) NSDP Resilience of coastal zone through restoration of its functions that will reduce the impacts from different factors including climate change Main function and services of marine and coastal zone ecological system is protected and restored by 2030 % of flooded forest and mangrove which will be restored and protected GHG emission reduction through restoration of mangrove and improvement of ocean capacity to capture the carbon from atmosphere 70,000,000 Construct the baseline data for economic value of ocean ecology Preparation of documents for collection of ocean ecological services GHG inventory of mangrove Selection of mangrove species resilient to climate change Preparation of mechanism, protection and management of protected areaCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects for primary schools Education Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, p242.', 'Coastal zones Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) NSDP Effective coastal zone management resilience to climate change as well as projection of other impacts that caused by human activities % of coastal pollution reduction through marine conservation activities % of coastal pollution reduction through solid waste management of the 4 coastal cities and provinces % of coastal pollution reduction through waste water management of the 4 coastal cities and provinces Mitigation: reduce GHG emission from waste in ocean Biodiversity of marine resources management and protection of ecological systems of marine and costal zones to avoid adverse impacts from various factors, build their resilience and restore its functions for productive and healthy oceans Coastal zones Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) NSDP Resilience of coastal zone through restoration of its functions that will reduce the impacts from different factors including climate change Main function and services of marine and coastal zone ecological system is protected and restored by 2030 % of flooded forest and mangrove which will be restored and protected GHG emission reduction through restoration of mangrove and improvement of ocean capacity to capture the carbon from atmosphere 70,000,000 Construct the baseline data for economic value of ocean ecology Preparation of documents for collection of ocean ecological services GHG inventory of mangrove Selection of mangrove species resilient to climate change Preparation of mechanism, protection and management of protected areaCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) curriculum and training methodologies, including libraries, to include climate change subjects for primary schools Education Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, p242. the implementation of Article 6 of the UNFCCC on education, training, awareness, participation and access to information by the people, and inter-national cooperation for climate change response.b) Integrate climate change into curricula for all levels of education.c) Develop targeted awareness programmes aimed at key audience such as most-vulnerable groups, women, children, youths and minorities.3.', 'the implementation of Article 6 of the UNFCCC on education, training, awareness, participation and access to information by the people, and inter-national cooperation for climate change response.b) Integrate climate change into curricula for all levels of education.c) Develop targeted awareness programmes aimed at key audience such as most-vulnerable groups, women, children, youths and minorities.3. Curriculum framework the implementation of Article 6 of the UNFCCC on education, training, awareness, participation and access to information by the people, and inter-national cooperation for climate change response.b) Integrate climate change into curricula for all levels of education.c) Develop targeted awareness programmes aimed at key audience such as most-vulnerable groups, women, children, youths and minorities.3. Curriculum Strengthen resilience through education in order to respond to related climate disasters by: 1. Developing the supplementary documents for supporting teaching and learning at school nationwide Eco- CC into Khmer, Science and Social study subjects. 1. Develop and implement the supplementary documents (from primary to the Eco-school from 10 least 8000 schools across the country will increase awareness about CC thought Khmer, Science and Social study subjects Students shall understand:1. Climate change mitigation2. Pollution.3. Biodiversity 4. Environment conservation5. 5Rs. 2,000,000 2,500,000 Textbook ratio for primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools Increase percentage of girls for:1.', '2,000,000 2,500,000 Textbook ratio for primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools Increase percentage of girls for:1. Enrollment rateTarget: 47.9% for girls Textbook publication- unconditional (National budget partners)Others: Conditional Field testing for curricula and textbookCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) curriculum to include climate change for non- formal education Education Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, a) Enhance the implementation of Article 6 of the UNFCCC on education, training, awareness, participation and access to information by the people, and inter-national cooperation for climate change response. b) Integrate climate change into curricula for all levels of education. c) Develop targeted awareness programmes aimed at key audience such as most-vulnerable groups, women, children, youths and minorities. d) Policy of Non- Formal Education e) National policy on lifelong learning Strengthen resilience through education in order to respond to related climate disasters by: 1. Develop the supplementary documents for support teaching and learning at school levels. nationwide Eco- school. 3. Integrate CC into Khmer, Science and Social study subjects. NFE curriculum, such as literacy program, income generation program (community learning center) and Equivalency program in response to climate change 5.', 'NFE curriculum, such as literacy program, income generation program (community learning center) and Equivalency program in response to climate change 5. Integrate into national action plan on lifelong learning Increase the update of CLC from 17 in 2020 to Students shall understand: 1. Climate change mitigation conservation 5. 5Rs. 2. Criteria for ranking CLC Increase percentage of girls for: 1. Enrollment rate 2. Promotion rate Target: 30% for girls by Textbook publication- unconditional (National budget+partners) Others: Conditional Field testing for curriculum and textbook 22 Build centers of excellence for delivering climate change courses and research among Universities Education Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, 2. National Action Development of knowledge and information system on climate change knowledge management related to climate change adaptation and promoting innovation that is needed based 5. Develop a knowledge management center for facilitating access to up-to-date information for climate change responses climate-resilience education through innovation, research and data management center. lessons learn and best practices for climate resilience development to share among practitioners Target: 3 centers of excellences in 2023 as mentioned in the ESP target and increase to 1. Climate change mitigation reduction conservation 5. 5Rs.', 'lessons learn and best practices for climate resilience development to share among practitioners Target: 3 centers of excellences in 2023 as mentioned in the ESP target and increase to 1. Climate change mitigation reduction conservation 5. 5Rs. 3,250,000 3,300,00 Standards and criteria of center of excellence Target: 25% of all new course spaces are allocated to women Develop gender safeguard guidance and best practice for climate change Engage youth in all aspects including research, curriculum, etc.… Engage private universities to be centersCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 23 Conduct training for education officials on climate change e.g. as a required component of teacher training Education Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, education quality of teachers and build capacity of planning officers on teaching and learning methodologies of climate change Strengthening climate-resilient education through capacity building and institutional strengthening Baseline: No data available Target: 60% of teachers primary and secondary trained on climate change concepts. 1. Climate change mitigation reduction conservation 5. 5Rs. Capacity Development Assessment tool Target: 46% of all trainees are women Conditional Engage youth in all aspects including research, curriculum, etc.', 'Capacity Development Assessment tool Target: 46% of all trainees are women Conditional Engage youth in all aspects including research, curriculum, etc. Engage private universities to be centers 24 Conduct climate risk analysis for the existing electricity infrastructures and provide recommendations Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan, p. 24 for MME Strengthen climate-resilient energy through electricity infrastructure improvement in order to respond to climate related disasters. assessment of existing 5 power plants assessment of the existing 1000km of national power transmission network 1. Forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection 2. Local community safety and life protection 3. Water and air pollution 322,000 500,000 Adapting the Energy Sector to Climate Change by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-looking Climate Change Policy by EU Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment by X?', 'Water and air pollution 322,000 500,000 Adapting the Energy Sector to Climate Change by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-looking Climate Change Policy by EU Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment by X? Include gender indicators and identifying the adaptation options by women in climate-resilient energy sector # of gender analyses conducted as part of climate risk analysis for electricity infrastructure 50% of stakeholders consulted should be made up of socially marginalized groups, such as women, the elderly, the disabled, remote communities, indigenous communities 25 Climate proofing of existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Increase storage capacity by adjust water release schedule to maximize generation Amplified by runoff conditions, the resulting change in water availability determines whether power output is reduced or increased - - - - - Gender analysis forms part of the analysis for scoping and feasibility studies for solar/hydro infrastructure Stakeholder consultations will include women and women s groups, the disabled, the elderly, indigenous groups and all local communities impacted by the proposed infrastructure institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation s policies, plans, programming, including gender budgeting Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan Ratanak V, MoWA- GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Optimize the implementation of policy, action plans, programs of gender mainstreaming in climate change adaptation at national and sub- national levels Baselines:1.1.1.', 'Include gender indicators and identifying the adaptation options by women in climate-resilient energy sector # of gender analyses conducted as part of climate risk analysis for electricity infrastructure 50% of stakeholders consulted should be made up of socially marginalized groups, such as women, the elderly, the disabled, remote communities, indigenous communities 25 Climate proofing of existing and future solar/hydropower infrastructure Energy Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Increase storage capacity by adjust water release schedule to maximize generation Amplified by runoff conditions, the resulting change in water availability determines whether power output is reduced or increased - - - - - Gender analysis forms part of the analysis for scoping and feasibility studies for solar/hydro infrastructure Stakeholder consultations will include women and women s groups, the disabled, the elderly, indigenous groups and all local communities impacted by the proposed infrastructure institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation s policies, plans, programming, including gender budgeting Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan Ratanak V, MoWA- GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Optimize the implementation of policy, action plans, programs of gender mainstreaming in climate change adaptation at national and sub- national levels Baselines:1.1.1. Baseline: 2,352 local community members, coordination meeting conducted with line ministries 1.2.1.', 'Baseline: 2,352 local community members, coordination meeting conducted with line ministries 1.2.1. Five Sectoral Ministries such as Agriculture, Health, Education, Water resources and Rural development (wash management) has mainstreamed gender in their own policy plan and programme of climate change adaptation in 2030- Officials of relevant ministries have the capacity to mainstream gender into climate change adaptation policy plan and programmes in Improve gender equality, Gender responsive action, Gender responsive budgeting in policies planning of action and programmes 500,000 600 000US$ Technology is well available 25% of VCMG and CCDM DCDM, PCDM and participants are female/male Women leaders and women civil servants participated in the formulation, implementation and implementation of climate change adaptation policies at national and sub- national levels.Gender response/mainstreamed into climate change adaptation policy Plans and Programmes at national and sub-national levels # of polices and plans have gender mainstreamed with appropriate gender indicators and resources allocated Conditional MoWA prefers to implement this actions base on available fund (small CCCA support) Could be good to incorporate youth as community volunteersCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disability (PWD), youth, and elderly Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan - Neary Ratanak V, MoWA - GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA -Increase the effectiveness and accountability of coordination mechanisms between ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in reducing vulnerability of women and other vulnerable and marginalized groups.', 'Five Sectoral Ministries such as Agriculture, Health, Education, Water resources and Rural development (wash management) has mainstreamed gender in their own policy plan and programme of climate change adaptation in 2030- Officials of relevant ministries have the capacity to mainstream gender into climate change adaptation policy plan and programmes in Improve gender equality, Gender responsive action, Gender responsive budgeting in policies planning of action and programmes 500,000 600 000US$ Technology is well available 25% of VCMG and CCDM DCDM, PCDM and participants are female/male Women leaders and women civil servants participated in the formulation, implementation and implementation of climate change adaptation policies at national and sub- national levels.Gender response/mainstreamed into climate change adaptation policy Plans and Programmes at national and sub-national levels # of polices and plans have gender mainstreamed with appropriate gender indicators and resources allocated Conditional MoWA prefers to implement this actions base on available fund (small CCCA support) Could be good to incorporate youth as community volunteersCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disability (PWD), youth, and elderly Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan - Neary Ratanak V, MoWA - GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA -Increase the effectiveness and accountability of coordination mechanisms between ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in reducing vulnerability of women and other vulnerable and marginalized groups. -Women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups have an ability into Climate change adaptation Baseline: - 7 coordination meeting conducted - MOWA strengthened the institutional capacity by producing gender mainstreaming policy documents, trained respective officials - GCCC conducted sex- disaggregated baseline - Four pilot projects on agriculture, water, health and infrastructure to demonstrate how gender responsive and gender equitable climate change adaptation investment Targets: - Mechanism and accountability of coordination mechanisms between ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector to reduce the vulnerability of women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups by at least 40% by - Women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups have the ability to adapt to climate change by at least 20% Increase collaboration with Ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in an efficient and accountable manner Extending the scope of partnership building Increase the family economy, food and nutrition Security 50,000 Technology is well available (ITC, Social media…….)', '-Women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups have an ability into Climate change adaptation Baseline: - 7 coordination meeting conducted - MOWA strengthened the institutional capacity by producing gender mainstreaming policy documents, trained respective officials - GCCC conducted sex- disaggregated baseline - Four pilot projects on agriculture, water, health and infrastructure to demonstrate how gender responsive and gender equitable climate change adaptation investment Targets: - Mechanism and accountability of coordination mechanisms between ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector to reduce the vulnerability of women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups by at least 40% by - Women, vulnerable groups and other marginalized groups have the ability to adapt to climate change by at least 20% Increase collaboration with Ministries, institutions, civil society, development partners and the private sector in an efficient and accountable manner Extending the scope of partnership building Increase the family economy, food and nutrition Security 50,000 Technology is well available (ITC, Social media…….) participants are female/male Stakeholder consultations include representatives of differing social groups, women, the disabled, the elderly, the indigenous and ethnic minorities Women represent 25% of decision makers in sub national climate change committees -Promote gender equality, and innovation -Leave no one behind -Women empowerment -Women in leadership 28 Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with particular focus on collecting and managing sex- disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting, and dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated.', 'participants are female/male Stakeholder consultations include representatives of differing social groups, women, the disabled, the elderly, the indigenous and ethnic minorities Women represent 25% of decision makers in sub national climate change committees -Promote gender equality, and innovation -Leave no one behind -Women empowerment -Women in leadership 28 Enhance monitoring and evaluation systems of sectoral ministries to track gender outcomes in climate change initiatives with particular focus on collecting and managing sex- disaggregated data, gender indicators and budgeting, outcome-based reporting, and dissemination and up-scaling of the gender and climate change adaptation related knowledge generated. Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan - Neary Ratanak V, MoWA - GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Develop and strengthen the effectiveness of the collection and management of gender- disaggregated data, performance- based reporting, dissemination and promotion of gender-sensitive knowledge in response to climate change adaptation. Targets: At least five key sectoral ministries have developed and implemented an M&E system to monitor gender outcomes in climate change initiatives by 2025.', 'Targets: At least five key sectoral ministries have developed and implemented an M&E system to monitor gender outcomes in climate change initiatives by 2025. By 2030 at least ten sectoral ministries have developed and implemented this M&E system -Gender Responsive M&E -Reducing Gender Gap in social environment 200,000 Technology in the design and implementation of gender performance monitoring and evaluation systems of climate change adaptation initiatives Women leaders have supported female civil servants in collaborating with key sectoral ministries in the design and implementation of gender performance monitoring and evaluation systems in climate change adaptation initiatives.', 'By 2030 at least ten sectoral ministries have developed and implemented this M&E system -Gender Responsive M&E -Reducing Gender Gap in social environment 200,000 Technology in the design and implementation of gender performance monitoring and evaluation systems of climate change adaptation initiatives Women leaders have supported female civil servants in collaborating with key sectoral ministries in the design and implementation of gender performance monitoring and evaluation systems in climate change adaptation initiatives. Gender and age disaggregated data on the impact of climate change is collected 50% of all new studies and report collect and use gender and age disaggregated data Conditional NCSD has fund for system and training as part of Enhanced Transparency Framework ImplementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) -Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan -Neary Ratanak V, MoWA -GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Builds effectively and optimize of capacity for members of GCCC and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC Baseline: 3 training session conducted with 357 persons, women Targets: 20 members of GCCC and 24 officers from sectoral Ministries developed capacity on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC in This activity target only gender and NDC.', 'Gender and age disaggregated data on the impact of climate change is collected 50% of all new studies and report collect and use gender and age disaggregated data Conditional NCSD has fund for system and training as part of Enhanced Transparency Framework ImplementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) development for GCCC members and sectoral ministries on gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) -Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan -Neary Ratanak V, MoWA -GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Builds effectively and optimize of capacity for members of GCCC and sectoral ministries on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC Baseline: 3 training session conducted with 357 persons, women Targets: 20 members of GCCC and 24 officers from sectoral Ministries developed capacity on Gender analysis, gender responsive and NDC in This activity target only gender and NDC. The target group is GCCC member participants/each) Capacity development Promotion of gender in social inclusiveness Reduction of gender gap in social environment 400,000 Technology is well available Target: 50% participants in capacity development are female Women participate in capacity development 30 Develop a technical guidelines for gender mainstreaming in NDC process Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - NDC Roadmap and stakeholder engagement plan - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan - Neary Ratanak V, MoWA - GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Target: A Technical guideline for Gender mainstreaming in NDC process has developed and launched in 2025 Mainstreaming gender and social inclusion in NDC Analysis of gender integration in NDC (both adaptation and mitigation) restoration in NDC process Target: 50% participants are female 31 Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change Gender National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) 1.', 'The target group is GCCC member participants/each) Capacity development Promotion of gender in social inclusiveness Reduction of gender gap in social environment 400,000 Technology is well available Target: 50% participants in capacity development are female Women participate in capacity development 30 Develop a technical guidelines for gender mainstreaming in NDC process Gender Ministry of Women s Affairs (MOWA) - NDC Roadmap and stakeholder engagement plan - Mainstreaming Gender and Climate Change Strategic Plan - Neary Ratanak V, MoWA - GCCC 5 years plan, MoWA Target: A Technical guideline for Gender mainstreaming in NDC process has developed and launched in 2025 Mainstreaming gender and social inclusion in NDC Analysis of gender integration in NDC (both adaptation and mitigation) restoration in NDC process Target: 50% participants are female 31 Market supply chain of rural women entrepreneurs resilient to climate change Gender National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) 1. Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient communities though local business supplier of clean energy and green technology Baseline: Testing in Takeo and Pursat (4 districts) Target: 25 communes of 3 provinces namely Takeo, Kampong Thom, and Prey Veng with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission 2.', 'Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient communities though local business supplier of clean energy and green technology Baseline: Testing in Takeo and Pursat (4 districts) Target: 25 communes of 3 provinces namely Takeo, Kampong Thom, and Prey Veng with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission 2. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action 3. Builds market capacity of rural women entrepreneur in the context of climate resilient and DRR 2. Climate vulnerability and impact assessment for 25 target communes 3. Climate Change Index Solar for hatching and heating, solar pumping station. Target: 60% women report increase in income and access to markets: 1. Promote inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women in institutional arrangement for climate change 2. Cambodia Gender and Climate Change Action Plan 3.', 'Cambodia Gender and Climate Change Action Plan 3. Policy on gender for sub-national democratic development Conditional Supplier of green technology and solar application 32 Local government and Climate Change- Governanc e National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation2. Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient local governance through financial, institutional, policy and strategic plan reform in order to respond to current and projected climate hazards and prevent from loss and damage due to hazard districtsTargets: Beneficiaries equivalent to 3% of total population by knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards3. Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change 13,185,000 14,000,000 1. Climate change governance2. Climate vulnerability and impact assessment for 20 target communes3. GCF funding modalities and investment criteria standard4. NCDD accreditation standards Target: 30% of participants in the institutional arrangements are womena.', 'NCDD accreditation standards Target: 30% of participants in the institutional arrangements are womena. Promote gender equality by engaging more women in institutional arrangement for climate change (Co-financing: GCF) Conditional Volunteers in agriculture, public health and environment Service providers: capacity building, infrastructure & constructionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) vulnerability of local communities though sub-national climate governance reform (focusing on policy) Governanc e National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS 2. Strategic Plan on Capacity Development for civil servant of MoI and human resources at sub- national level Improve efficiency of capacity building program Strengthen local climate solution to respond to climate hazards through: awareness, capacity and skills planning is integrated in sub- national planning 3. Local adaptive infrastructure and service Baseline: National policy to be transferred to sub- national administration: climate change, waste management, public health, education, water resource, agriculture, rural development, climate change adaptation planning (Sub-national climate change adaptation-NAP) Target: 40% of total population by 2030 1. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards 2. Create enabling environment for local solution to address climate change develop for civil servants of MoI 2. GCF funding modalities and investment criteria standards 3.', 'GCF funding modalities and investment criteria standards 3. NCDD accreditation standards Target: 30% participation of women in the process The component of project output to be aligned with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub- national Democratic Development of NCDD Conditional Consultation with NGOs which focus on youth Develop policy which include PPP for relevant sectors in sub-national adaptation planning 34 Enable effective decision-making for health interventions through generation of information and improved surveillance or early- warning systems Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) 1. Train health care providers on reporting & data surveillance clinical diagnostic (rapid usage guideline development) 3. National Action Plan for Dengue and other Arboviral Disease Prevention and Control 4. SOP for dengue surveillance system climate-resilient health program to respond to health risk posted by climate change 2. Dengue sentinels expansion Health care providers working with dengue and other water-borne disease Baseline: 5 existing provinces (Siem Reap, Takeo, Kampong Cham, Battambang, and Kampot) New selected sits: Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, Kratie, Preveng, and Tbong Khmom.', 'Dengue sentinels expansion Health care providers working with dengue and other water-borne disease Baseline: 5 existing provinces (Siem Reap, Takeo, Kampong Cham, Battambang, and Kampot) New selected sits: Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, Kratie, Preveng, and Tbong Khmom. Target: 11 for dengue for unconditional centennial site -Social: improve health care system and enable remote village to have proper access to healthcare -Indirect: reduce risks of life-lost and losing money on long-distance travel to healthcare -To reduce of time lag on reporting number of case to the National Level - Reduce diagnostic errors 113,519 - CamEWARN - HIS - Climate change risk: vulnerability assessment - National Dengue Surveillance System Target: 40% of decision makers at the local and sub national level are female Risk assessment on the impact of dengue fever to women and men to understand the disproportionate impacts Identify age of patients, children, adult. Gender and age disaggregated data will be collected Conditional Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) participants are private sector) Dengue stakeholder (clinic) are also from private sector.', 'Gender and age disaggregated data will be collected Conditional Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) participants are private sector) Dengue stakeholder (clinic) are also from private sector. MoH have engaged clinic into actions through capacity building and awareness campaign 35 Enhance climate resilience in health service delivery Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) 1. Develop rural water safety planning Assessment tools development for health care facilities and communities of technical working group for CC on Health at Ratanakiri 1. TWG-Meeting on WASH-Health Care Facilities related to Climate Change 2. The assessment was conducted at 25 health centers in Ratanakiri 3. The assessment was conducted at communities in three districts, 15 communes, and 75 villages. Baseline: 25 Health Centers and 15 villages in Ratanakiri (water sanitation) Target: 100 Health Centers and 60 Communities and 300 villages in 4 vulnerability province on climate change Target: provinces/municipalit y from 5 provinces) Province/Municipality 1. Community has better planning to maintain a reliable, safe supply of water, sanitation hygiene can prevent diseases as-well-as can lower death rates. 3.', 'Community has better planning to maintain a reliable, safe supply of water, sanitation hygiene can prevent diseases as-well-as can lower death rates. 3. Improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities environmental pollution through proper waste management 246,758 - Paper based survey, Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Target: 40% project beneficiaries of health services are female Reduce challenges for women and girls in access to water 50% of women report increased access to water for themselves and their families as a result of project activities Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) Private sector could support by participation in training workshop or activitiesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 36 Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector-borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) Clinical Diagnosis - Vector-borne: National guideline for Clinical Management of Dengue (WHO’s - Water-borne: +Leptospirosis, +Schistosomiasis Endorse Pending Melioidosis, Endorsed Treatment for water-borne and vector-borne diseases related to climate change are strengthened -HC, HP, RHP Capacity for health professionals improved to identify and treat climate- sensitive health issues Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Reduce health impact of climate change for women Conduct a study on the differentiated impacts of vector borne and water borne diseases on women and men, girls and boys.', 'Improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities environmental pollution through proper waste management 246,758 - Paper based survey, Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Target: 40% project beneficiaries of health services are female Reduce challenges for women and girls in access to water 50% of women report increased access to water for themselves and their families as a result of project activities Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) Private sector could support by participation in training workshop or activitiesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 36 Strengthen and provide capacity building of technical guidelines for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of vector-borne and water-borne diseases, injuries and other food poisoning illnesses arising from climate change Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) Clinical Diagnosis - Vector-borne: National guideline for Clinical Management of Dengue (WHO’s - Water-borne: +Leptospirosis, +Schistosomiasis Endorse Pending Melioidosis, Endorsed Treatment for water-borne and vector-borne diseases related to climate change are strengthened -HC, HP, RHP Capacity for health professionals improved to identify and treat climate- sensitive health issues Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Reduce health impact of climate change for women Conduct a study on the differentiated impacts of vector borne and water borne diseases on women and men, girls and boys. Based on these results, update guidelines which focus on women (or men s) vulnerability and role in control and prevention of vector borne and water borne diseases and ensure women and men equally play a role in diseases management.', 'Based on these results, update guidelines which focus on women (or men s) vulnerability and role in control and prevention of vector borne and water borne diseases and ensure women and men equally play a role in diseases management. Suggest target: # of women and # of men reporting they have new knowledge and skills on how to prevent and control vector and water borne diseases in the home and at their workplace 50% of project beneficiaries receiving support to manage vector borne or water borne diseases are women 37 Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessment on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities.', 'Suggest target: # of women and # of men reporting they have new knowledge and skills on how to prevent and control vector and water borne diseases in the home and at their workplace 50% of project beneficiaries receiving support to manage vector borne or water borne diseases are women 37 Conduct water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assessment on climate change and develop planning for communities and health facilities. Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) Putting Health Data in to CAMDI, NCDM Broadcasting and publishing health data related to CC in the public Public awareness Population Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Reduce health impact of climate change for women Gender, age, disability status and location disaggregated data are included in health databases institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) - Capacity building for government staff (National and Sub national) on climate change and health - Sharing Weather data with National Dengue Control Programme - Strengthen Capacity of Climate Change Technical Working Group - Update climate change curricular in university courses (Draft: Syllabus) -Climate Change Vulnerability assessment in health facilities and communities - TWG Meeting on Development syllabus Climate Change for Health to integrate into master’s Degree of CC - Strengthening Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Management for health Baseline: 1 RTK (water sanitation and hygiene) - Key national and provincial staff at Ministry of Health and other key ministries - Master’s degree of climate change students of Royale University Phnom Penh, pursuing environmental health courses.', 'Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) Putting Health Data in to CAMDI, NCDM Broadcasting and publishing health data related to CC in the public Public awareness Population Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Reduce health impact of climate change for women Gender, age, disability status and location disaggregated data are included in health databases institutional capacities to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in health sector planning and implementation Human health Ministry of Health (MOH) - Capacity building for government staff (National and Sub national) on climate change and health - Sharing Weather data with National Dengue Control Programme - Strengthen Capacity of Climate Change Technical Working Group - Update climate change curricular in university courses (Draft: Syllabus) -Climate Change Vulnerability assessment in health facilities and communities - TWG Meeting on Development syllabus Climate Change for Health to integrate into master’s Degree of CC - Strengthening Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Management for health Baseline: 1 RTK (water sanitation and hygiene) - Key national and provincial staff at Ministry of Health and other key ministries - Master’s degree of climate change students of Royale University Phnom Penh, pursuing environmental health courses. Baseline: 1 education institution (RUPP, UHS, NIPH) (for climate change mainstreaming) Target: 2 public university (UHS & NIPH) Target 4 provinces (Kratie, Preh Vihear, Tbong Khmom and Prey Veng) -Capacity of health personnel improved to identify and treat to climate-sensitive disease 107,408 - Climate change website for Department of Preventive Medicine - Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Target: 40% of beneficiaries of health sector initiatives are women Women make up 30% of decision-making positions in local and sub national planning for health sector initiatives Reduce health impact of climate change for women and children especially marginalized community women and people with disability unconditional conditional Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) Private sector could support by funding or material support participant in training workshopCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 39 Heat stress adaptation for industrial production Industry Ministry of Industry, Science, Technolog y and Innovation (MISTI) Heat stress mitigation and adaption are aligned with the following plans/actions:- Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Economic Growth in Cambodia, MEF and NCSD 2019- Promoting Private Sector Contribution to the Climate Change Responses in Cambodia, NCSD Climate Change Financing Framework, MoE Industrial Development The Cambodia Decent Work Country Programme 2023, RGC and In 2050, reduced labour productivity accounts for 57% of all loss and damage.', 'Baseline: 1 education institution (RUPP, UHS, NIPH) (for climate change mainstreaming) Target: 2 public university (UHS & NIPH) Target 4 provinces (Kratie, Preh Vihear, Tbong Khmom and Prey Veng) -Capacity of health personnel improved to identify and treat to climate-sensitive disease 107,408 - Climate change website for Department of Preventive Medicine - Emailing, Telegram, Mobile phones Target: 40% of beneficiaries of health sector initiatives are women Women make up 30% of decision-making positions in local and sub national planning for health sector initiatives Reduce health impact of climate change for women and children especially marginalized community women and people with disability unconditional conditional Youth could engage through campaign/ awareness at least 40% are youth (15-35 age) Private sector could support by funding or material support participant in training workshopCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 39 Heat stress adaptation for industrial production Industry Ministry of Industry, Science, Technolog y and Innovation (MISTI) Heat stress mitigation and adaption are aligned with the following plans/actions:- Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Economic Growth in Cambodia, MEF and NCSD 2019- Promoting Private Sector Contribution to the Climate Change Responses in Cambodia, NCSD Climate Change Financing Framework, MoE Industrial Development The Cambodia Decent Work Country Programme 2023, RGC and In 2050, reduced labour productivity accounts for 57% of all loss and damage. It affects all sectors but is particularly high in manufacturing and constructionFactor ies can improve their resilience to heat stress by: - Permitting flexible working schedules during periods of heat stress so that workers avoid working under high temperatures- Improving working conditions in factories such as supplying water, ventilation, regular breaks, and adapting work wear - Introducing mechanization to avoid heavy manual labor during periods of heat stress Baseline: Projections show that heat stress will cause an average reduction in productivity in Cambodia, across all sectors, of 6.54% by 2055 under a worst- case climate change scenario.', 'It affects all sectors but is particularly high in manufacturing and constructionFactor ies can improve their resilience to heat stress by: - Permitting flexible working schedules during periods of heat stress so that workers avoid working under high temperatures- Improving working conditions in factories such as supplying water, ventilation, regular breaks, and adapting work wear - Introducing mechanization to avoid heavy manual labor during periods of heat stress Baseline: Projections show that heat stress will cause an average reduction in productivity in Cambodia, across all sectors, of 6.54% by 2055 under a worst- case climate change scenario. This NDC aims to increase the focus on adaptation to avoid loss and damages caused by heat stress, including reduced labor productivity. Around 86% of industrial workers are employed by the garment, textile, and footwear (GTF) sector. Target: The adoption of heat stress adaption actions in GTF factories could benefit up to 800,000 workers, reducing their exposure to health risks and increasing their productivity. Promote more labour efficient farming systems with flexible farm work scheduling; improved working practices on construction sites; better working conditions in factories (e.g.', 'Promote more labour efficient farming systems with flexible farm work scheduling; improved working practices on construction sites; better working conditions in factories (e.g. ventilation, drink breaks, more flexible schedules during heatwaves …); improved understanding of risks amongst workers and employers; improved forecasting and measurement of heatwaves; and planning to protect supply chains from heat stress The investment costs for this adaptation action has to be calculated for implementi ng a combinatio n of following aspects:1. Costs involved in retrofitting the workplace, industries and factory floors2. Investment costs for either adding or improving specific amenities to the workplace3. Costs for training and capacity- building for the workforce Under BAU, by labour productivity accounts for 57% of all loss and damage from climate change. It affects all sectors but is particularly high in manufacturing and construction - Women account for 25% of the industry workforce and around 85% of GTF workers, Cambodia’s largest industrial sector. Adaptive actions to reduce heat stress in occupational settings, such as GTF factories, will significantly affect women due to their high participation. - Heat stress can lead to heatstroke and may even have a fatal outcome.', '- Heat stress can lead to heatstroke and may even have a fatal outcome. Heat stress adaption actions will improve public health by reducing exposure to dangerous temperatures and working conditions75% of women workers report improved working conditions The private sector will play a large role in driving adaption actions, motivated by labor productivity and associated profits, but the government can provide support through raising awareness, information, advice, and policy implementation. Depending on the actions, other government entities and actors will need to be involved. 40 Enhance the quality of broadcasting means and expand the capacity of coverages for raising awareness on climate change nationwide Informatio n Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -National AdaptationPlan FinancingFrame - Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan -Increased knowledge and level of awareness among the public on climate change so they can prepare in a timely manner should any catastrophe occur. -Increased participation among public in environmental protection. - Well-informed people on climate change able to change their living attitudes and strengthen their capacity towards climate change adaptation. -Promote access to information among the public on climate change.', '-Promote access to information among the public on climate change. Broadcast/disseminat e climate change policies, action plans and information via existing government media agencies to reach out to 80% of total population. (national radio), 50% (TVK) Target: Coverage all province and area in Cambodia through digital broadcasting means -GHG mitigation -Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation population is well-informed about climate change and its adaptation. CBA analysis would be conducted -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social -Media Women groups at home able to receive timely climate change information and able to respond accordingly.', 'CBA analysis would be conducted -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social -Media Women groups at home able to receive timely climate change information and able to respond accordingly. 50% of women reported an increase in available and timely climate change information 50% of women reported ability to make their own decisions based on available and timely climate change information # of Women groups that have the capacity, information and skills to actively participate in environmental protection Youth issues will be promoted Private sector would introduce the new technology, providing fund, develop broadcasting stationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 41 Training and enhancing human capacity on climate change in information sector Informatio n Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -National Adaptation Plan Financing -Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan -Increase the capacity of media officials and journalists so they are enabled to covers/report on climate change issues in an accurate and professional manner. Baseline: 4 capacity buildings and training workshops on climate change have been conducted in Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk and Battambang Province. (approx.', 'Baseline: 4 capacity buildings and training workshops on climate change have been conducted in Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk and Battambang Province. (approx. : 50 person) Targets: Workshops/Seminars -Conduct 20 training -Organize 10 study exchanges -GHG Mitigation -Enhance journalistic professionalism - Reduce the spread of disinformation officials and 200 journalists participate in these programs Face to face or Virtual (Webinar) Encourage and empower female media officials and journalists to participate in these programs. Target: 30% of training recipients are female 75% of training recipients report increased skills to report on climate change issues Conditional Participants could be youth ( age Journalists and private broadcasting media organization are invited to participate in these trainings The experts from line ministries specially MoE are invited to be a resource person. 42 Urge private media organizations to participate in covering/broadcasti ng the climate change topics and to complement the state broadcasting agencies. Informatio n Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -National Adaptation Plan Financing -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan -The participation of private media organizations enabled to expand the capacity of coverages to remote and vulnerable areas. -Strengthen cooperation and experience sharing on climate change broadcasting between public and private media organizations.', '-Strengthen cooperation and experience sharing on climate change broadcasting between public and private media organizations. Baseline: No baseline available. There were several private media organizations such as CBS, Hang Meas and Bayon collaborating with Ministry of Information so far. Target: 90% of private media organizations including Electronic, Traditional and Online media participate in climate change broadcasting campaigns. -Reduce cost of climate risk -informed society and active citizens -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation population is well-informed about climate change and its adaptation implications -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Target: 30% of those interviewed report increased awareness of climate change are women Women groups living in remote and vulnerable areas are able to receive comprehensive news on climate change and actively participate in environmental protection. Some cases need funding News anchors/hosts who majority are youth working at media organizations play a vital role to encourage/ promote the public on Climate Change adaptation Collaboration with private media organizations. Support private media organization on technical, specialist and funding.', 'Support private media organization on technical, specialist and funding. 43 Urge and encourage to reduce (or ban) all forms of commercial advertisement that has negative impact on environment Informatio n Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan Discouraging (or banning) all forms of commercial ads that effect climate change is a direct and effective respond Target: Encourage the public to consume products or goods that are not harmful to the environment and reduce the commercial ads of any product or good that has negative impact on environment to minimum. MoInfor will provide advise/counsel to media organizations to study the pro and con of the goods/services before accepting for advertisement - Reduce cost of climate risk -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation commercial ads of any products/goods that has negative impact on environment -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Target: 30% of people that report changing behaviour as a result of advertising are women Encourage women group to consume all products or goods that are do not harm the environment.', 'MoInfor will provide advise/counsel to media organizations to study the pro and con of the goods/services before accepting for advertisement - Reduce cost of climate risk -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation commercial ads of any products/goods that has negative impact on environment -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Target: 30% of people that report changing behaviour as a result of advertising are women Encourage women group to consume all products or goods that are do not harm the environment. Unconditional News anchors/hosts who majority are youth working at media organizations play a vital role to encourage/ promote the public on Climate Change adaptation Urge for participation/ collaboration among media organizations in this campaign (Private agencies is a target)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 44 Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) Infrastruct ure - Buildings Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction in Strengthen regulation and capacity for construction sector especially/includin g in the coastal zone locations to adaption to climate change.', 'Unconditional News anchors/hosts who majority are youth working at media organizations play a vital role to encourage/ promote the public on Climate Change adaptation Urge for participation/ collaboration among media organizations in this campaign (Private agencies is a target)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 44 Integrating climate change response measures onto the construction design for buildings and for rural housing (use of modern integration of technology) Infrastruct ure - Buildings Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction in Strengthen regulation and capacity for construction sector especially/includin g in the coastal zone locations to adaption to climate change. Development of Technical Climate Change Toolkit s for Mainstreaming Climate Change Measures and formulation of Climate Change Toolkit s for coastal area management for both land use, building and housings- By 2025: All Building Planner and Designer Received Capacity Building on Kits - By 2026: At least 30% of building permits are fully followed the Toolkits By 2030: At least 60% of Building Permits are fully with toolkit s elements - By 2026: Infrastructure and building development in one coastal zone is designed and mainstreaming through climate change toolkit s against sea water rise, tidal, and waste water management storage - Infrastructure and building development in two coastal zones is designed and mainstreaming through climate change toolkit s against sea water rise, tidal, and waste water management storage (conditional) (designer, user, and building commercial owner) are aware of the risks and potential impacts of environment posed by variability in weather patterns and observed and projected climate changes on the different types of building construction2.', 'Development of Technical Climate Change Toolkit s for Mainstreaming Climate Change Measures and formulation of Climate Change Toolkit s for coastal area management for both land use, building and housings- By 2025: All Building Planner and Designer Received Capacity Building on Kits - By 2026: At least 30% of building permits are fully followed the Toolkits By 2030: At least 60% of Building Permits are fully with toolkit s elements - By 2026: Infrastructure and building development in one coastal zone is designed and mainstreaming through climate change toolkit s against sea water rise, tidal, and waste water management storage - Infrastructure and building development in two coastal zones is designed and mainstreaming through climate change toolkit s against sea water rise, tidal, and waste water management storage (conditional) (designer, user, and building commercial owner) are aware of the risks and potential impacts of environment posed by variability in weather patterns and observed and projected climate changes on the different types of building construction2. Environmental Risk Management and Mitigation is created because the construction equipment operations consume a lot of natural resources, such as electricity and/or diesel fuel.', 'Environmental Risk Management and Mitigation is created because the construction equipment operations consume a lot of natural resources, such as electricity and/or diesel fuel. 3. The measure includes enacting strict laws to enforce institutions to make environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the early stage of projects, and enhancing the awareness of construction participants with regard to impacts of construction in the environmentThe results also revealed that "search about alternative methods for construction to mitigate the adverse impacts of construction on the environment" was ranked in the second position with regard to proposed solutions to mitigate the environmental impacts of construction. according to the CPEIR, climate related investment for construction sector is about year.', 'according to the CPEIR, climate related investment for construction sector is about year. Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women economic of poor women headed household access to climate change resilient housing20% of all beneficiaries involved in construction design are women Provide inputs in construction design as they are the main input providers for MLMUPC Full engagement of private sector in construction sector is neededCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 45 Develop resilient infrastructure of school buildings in response to climate change Infrastruct ure - Buildings Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, Adaptation Plan climate proofing and retrofitting of existing and planned schools and university infrastructure a) Strategy 1.2: Develop physical infrastructure with clean and safe learning environments in line with primary school standards, especially for incomplete and disadvantaged b) Strategy 1.3: Expand physical infrastructure and facilities for secondary Strengthen climate-resilient education through infrastructure development in order to respond to climate related disasters such as temperature increase, drought, flood, storms and lightning.', 'Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women economic of poor women headed household access to climate change resilient housing20% of all beneficiaries involved in construction design are women Provide inputs in construction design as they are the main input providers for MLMUPC Full engagement of private sector in construction sector is neededCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 45 Develop resilient infrastructure of school buildings in response to climate change Infrastruct ure - Buildings Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan for MoEYS, Adaptation Plan climate proofing and retrofitting of existing and planned schools and university infrastructure a) Strategy 1.2: Develop physical infrastructure with clean and safe learning environments in line with primary school standards, especially for incomplete and disadvantaged b) Strategy 1.3: Expand physical infrastructure and facilities for secondary Strengthen climate-resilient education through infrastructure development in order to respond to climate related disasters such as temperature increase, drought, flood, storms and lightning. Target: 18 school buildings can be targeted according to the planned budget and the implementing period is to build 5 schools in 2020 to 18 schools in 2030. a) Energy saving b) Low carbon building c) Strengthen school capacity to accommodate more students 1,950,000 2,000,000 Following last updated Standard Design of MoEYS and Climate Change to implement as pilot project including the components as below: 01 tiling roof school building with 05 classrooms, equipped with furniture for students and teachers, electricity power connection, indoor ventilation, lightning protection equipment, latrine and sanitation room, water well and water tank, planting tree and garden etc. Increase enrollment rate of girls with more schools closed to home.', 'Target: 18 school buildings can be targeted according to the planned budget and the implementing period is to build 5 schools in 2020 to 18 schools in 2030. a) Energy saving b) Low carbon building c) Strengthen school capacity to accommodate more students 1,950,000 2,000,000 Following last updated Standard Design of MoEYS and Climate Change to implement as pilot project including the components as below: 01 tiling roof school building with 05 classrooms, equipped with furniture for students and teachers, electricity power connection, indoor ventilation, lightning protection equipment, latrine and sanitation room, water well and water tank, planting tree and garden etc. Increase enrollment rate of girls with more schools closed to home. Target: 47% of all new school enrollments are girls Provide construction guidelines to companies 46 Implement climate change and disaster resilient construction and infrastructure standards including for public sector and community-focused buildings covering public health, education, WASH etc.', 'Target: 47% of all new school enrollments are girls Provide construction guidelines to companies 46 Implement climate change and disaster resilient construction and infrastructure standards including for public sector and community-focused buildings covering public health, education, WASH etc. Infrastruct ure - Buildings National Committee for Disaster Manageme nt (NCDM) - 2015 Law on Disaster Management - Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic - National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction - Increased infrastructure resilience to withstand impacts of disasters - Interlinked with energy-efficiency policies for Climate Change Adaptation Baseline: Standard is in draft now, and further development and implementation are needed - 100% of new building compliant with climate and disaster resilient construction guidelines - Conditional: 20% of older buildings retrofitted - Established guidelines for incorporating climate and disaster risk assessments into design and construction of new buildings and critical infrastructures (school, health facility and other facilities). - Established or improved national legislative frameworks for resilient construction and its implementation mechanism. - Technical guidelines cross- beneficial to other sectors - Potential for community groups (e.g.', '- Technical guidelines cross- beneficial to other sectors - Potential for community groups (e.g. school support committees) to be involved in construction/retrofit ting - Increased energy- efficiency, and use of climate-aware products (needs to be enhanced to account for reconstructi on of older buildings) The standard will benefit to social and economy benefit - Existing know-how and policies to reduce global buildings sector energy use by 2050. - Key Findings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report – Climate Change Implication for Buildings.', '- Key Findings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report – Climate Change Implication for Buildings. _Web_Pages.pdf Target: 30% of all new jobs would be taken up by women Conditional Youth would be an employee, workers Private sector would engage in process by learning from standard and apply these gained knowledge to their projectCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 47 (DLUP) Prepare spatial planning (city/district/munici pality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation (CLUP) Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth National Urban Development Strategy Strengthen legal framework and national and sub- national capacity for resilient urban growth CLUP and DLUP with strong vision of climate change measures (Conserve 35% of area for Green Space to buffer urban development from climate hazards): By 80% by 2030, and 350 communes land use planning (CLUP) have been completed By 80% (conditional) by 2030, and Enhance terrestrial, aquatic resources of each ecosystem of the commune and district location to preserve and conserve environmental degradation (35% of total commune land are green spaces) and enhance social stakeholder to participate the during road map design and CLUP/DLUP study Of which: CLUP/DLUP implementa tion of adaption designing activities in communes Districts (unconditio nal) per District (conditional ) Benefit from reforestation programme: Land Survey High Technology Aero Photo for mapping Soil Test for spatial planning 32% (Standard of ADB and world bank) of local and sub national decision makers are women Women make up 50% of those consulted as part of the CLUP processes Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment: 32% of restoration jobs go to women in the community Engage youth in implementation Private sector: contract consultants to provide technical aspect on planning and full engagement for implementation 48 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Sector #34, (1) Builds capacity to effectively respond to food insecurity and reduces the risks related to disasters such as floods and droughts in social land concession areas.', '_Web_Pages.pdf Target: 30% of all new jobs would be taken up by women Conditional Youth would be an employee, workers Private sector would engage in process by learning from standard and apply these gained knowledge to their projectCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 47 (DLUP) Prepare spatial planning (city/district/munici pality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation (CLUP) Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth National Urban Development Strategy Strengthen legal framework and national and sub- national capacity for resilient urban growth CLUP and DLUP with strong vision of climate change measures (Conserve 35% of area for Green Space to buffer urban development from climate hazards): By 80% by 2030, and 350 communes land use planning (CLUP) have been completed By 80% (conditional) by 2030, and Enhance terrestrial, aquatic resources of each ecosystem of the commune and district location to preserve and conserve environmental degradation (35% of total commune land are green spaces) and enhance social stakeholder to participate the during road map design and CLUP/DLUP study Of which: CLUP/DLUP implementa tion of adaption designing activities in communes Districts (unconditio nal) per District (conditional ) Benefit from reforestation programme: Land Survey High Technology Aero Photo for mapping Soil Test for spatial planning 32% (Standard of ADB and world bank) of local and sub national decision makers are women Women make up 50% of those consulted as part of the CLUP processes Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment: 32% of restoration jobs go to women in the community Engage youth in implementation Private sector: contract consultants to provide technical aspect on planning and full engagement for implementation 48 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Sector #34, (1) Builds capacity to effectively respond to food insecurity and reduces the risks related to disasters such as floods and droughts in social land concession areas. (2) Climate- proof Low-cost shelter construction for land recipients.', '(2) Climate- proof Low-cost shelter construction for land recipients. the sub-decree 19 and other related legal documents of Social Land Concession is fully revised with mainstreaming climate measureBy 2026, at least two to three social land concession areas are fully intervened by climate change measures, especially farming land and residential land are allocated with full climate change concerns and technologyBy 2030: All housings and other associate infrastructures in allocation in SLC are fully climate-proofed. By 2030: 100% of land recipients are well aware of climate change through capacity buildings The country’s land poor and landless families have received land, have improved their livelihoods via land allocation, and land recipients have capacity to challenge with climate change impacts because they have been trained and educated on climate change. On the other hand, allocated land to people to use for their farming creates soil fertility stakeholders consulted are womenRestoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', 'On the other hand, allocated land to people to use for their farming creates soil fertility stakeholders consulted are womenRestoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. 32% of restoration jobs go to women in the communityIdentification and selection process of SLC policies and procedure will include women beneficiaries Conditional Youth will be targeted in the consultation process of the SLC to endure they are well informed, and their needs are address in the planning and implementation of the SLC Private sector will be engaged at the implementation stage to market activities (for instance, to buy agriculture products from the communities) 49 Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub- cities to address vulnerability of urbanization. Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth All vulnerable or highly vulnerable communes can be covered. of Guidance toolkit for Enhancing climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment toward zoning in spatial planning; of toolkit for Zoning and prioritizing adaptation measures and promote low- carbon land use development and planning By 2023: Green Building Development toolkit is formulated.', 'of Guidance toolkit for Enhancing climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment toward zoning in spatial planning; of toolkit for Zoning and prioritizing adaptation measures and promote low- carbon land use development and planning By 2023: Green Building Development toolkit is formulated. Green physical space is standardized for commercial purpose and other small city use By 2030: At least 50% of small city development request are permitted with fully use of all elements in toolkit By 2030: All small enlarged city is standardized with full physical and climate resilient norms addressed in tool toolkit. Mitigation co- benefit: contribution to the local GHG emission Environment co- benefit: ecosystem restoration (i.e. regulate water) Social co-benefit: job creation, improved public health 7860000 Target: 30% of consulted community members are women Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Conditional Needs of youths will be reflected in the urban or sub- city planning process Private companies such as construction companies, gated communities, architect companies, engineers, etc.', 'Conditional Needs of youths will be reflected in the urban or sub- city planning process Private companies such as construction companies, gated communities, architect companies, engineers, etc. will be engaged to ensure climate change issues are reflected in their practicesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3) Introduction of toolkits into practical use Assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management, and building due to climate change Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) Climate Change Action Plan of MLMUPC National Urban Development Strategy Improve knowledge on urban vulnerabilities to climate risks for cities in urban and rural areas Strengthen early warning systems for urban and rural slumps By 2030, 60% of cities in urban and cities assessed on its vulnerabilities (conditional) cities in urban and cities assessed on its vulnerabilities (unconditional) Contribution to climate data related to cities through finding of the assessments vulnerability assessment (data enumerators and analysis staff) are women # of assessment that include gender and age disaggregated data Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', 'will be engaged to ensure climate change issues are reflected in their practicesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3) Introduction of toolkits into practical use Assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management, and building due to climate change Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) Climate Change Action Plan of MLMUPC National Urban Development Strategy Improve knowledge on urban vulnerabilities to climate risks for cities in urban and rural areas Strengthen early warning systems for urban and rural slumps By 2030, 60% of cities in urban and cities assessed on its vulnerabilities (conditional) cities in urban and cities assessed on its vulnerabilities (unconditional) Contribution to climate data related to cities through finding of the assessments vulnerability assessment (data enumerators and analysis staff) are women # of assessment that include gender and age disaggregated data Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Conditional Youth issues will be included at the assessment design and analysis stages Climate change impacts on private sector investment and private sector roles in reducing vulnerabilities will be part of the assessment 51 Promote land use planning tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Sector #34, Improve adaptive capacity of low - income households and vulnerable households through provision of climate-proofed shelters By 2023: Complete zoning and all toolkits, and guidelines By: 2008: Complete 50% of Urban Buildings And 50% of rural housing By 2030: Complete 100% of Urban Buildings and 100% of rural housings The project will produce low-carbon emissions to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: build assets (housing) for low income and homeless people 2560000 Climate-resilient building construction technology and Low- cost affordable housing technology Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', 'Conditional Youth issues will be included at the assessment design and analysis stages Climate change impacts on private sector investment and private sector roles in reducing vulnerabilities will be part of the assessment 51 Promote land use planning tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Sector #34, Improve adaptive capacity of low - income households and vulnerable households through provision of climate-proofed shelters By 2023: Complete zoning and all toolkits, and guidelines By: 2008: Complete 50% of Urban Buildings And 50% of rural housing By 2030: Complete 100% of Urban Buildings and 100% of rural housings The project will produce low-carbon emissions to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: build assets (housing) for low income and homeless people 2560000 Climate-resilient building construction technology and Low- cost affordable housing technology Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Ensure socially marginalized and low income/homeless people are consulted in the process of developing guidelines for building/construction 50% of house beneficiaries are low income women Conditional The tools will be disseminated to construction sector to encourage them engage them in climate resilient projects 52 Promote proper low- cost shelters for low income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) and NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Review of Priority Action, and Construction Improve resilience of ecosystem (through reduction or resource depletion By 2023: Complete zoning and all toolkits, and guidelines By: 2008: Complete 50% of rural housing By 2030: Complete 100% of rural shelters in social land concession The project will produce low-carbon emission that is to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: reduce land conflict, improve livelihood of beneficiaries through provision of low-cost shelters in the areas of social land concession Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', 'Ensure socially marginalized and low income/homeless people are consulted in the process of developing guidelines for building/construction 50% of house beneficiaries are low income women Conditional The tools will be disseminated to construction sector to encourage them engage them in climate resilient projects 52 Promote proper low- cost shelters for low income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) and NAP Financing Framework and Implementation Plan: Review of Priority Action, and Construction Improve resilience of ecosystem (through reduction or resource depletion By 2023: Complete zoning and all toolkits, and guidelines By: 2008: Complete 50% of rural housing By 2030: Complete 100% of rural shelters in social land concession The project will produce low-carbon emission that is to enhance environmental atmosphere Social co-benefit: reduce land conflict, improve livelihood of beneficiaries through provision of low-cost shelters in the areas of social land concession Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. 50% of all newly contracted rural shelters are used by women 100% of all rural shelters include separate spaces (rooms with doors and lavatory facilities) for women and children use Conditional The tools will be disseminated to construction sector to encourage them engage them in climate resilient projects 53 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth Improve regulations and national capacity on building code to adapt to climate change By 2024: Toolkit finalized, and launching building permits are mainstreamed, building permits are fully mainstreamed engineering professionals trained, professionals are trained Energy consumption in building sectors Reduction of GHG in atmosphere Promote low-cost materials for building and housing Improve health and safety of city inhabitants 6560000 Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', '50% of all newly contracted rural shelters are used by women 100% of all rural shelters include separate spaces (rooms with doors and lavatory facilities) for women and children use Conditional The tools will be disseminated to construction sector to encourage them engage them in climate resilient projects 53 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth Improve regulations and national capacity on building code to adapt to climate change By 2024: Toolkit finalized, and launching building permits are mainstreamed, building permits are fully mainstreamed engineering professionals trained, professionals are trained Energy consumption in building sectors Reduction of GHG in atmosphere Promote low-cost materials for building and housing Improve health and safety of city inhabitants 6560000 Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Target: 30% of trained professionals and engineers are women Conditional Youth issues and roles will be integrated in the development process of the building code Building code will be enforced amongst private sector practices 54 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth National Urban Development Strategy Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan Build climate resilience of coastal ecosystem By 2024: Complete all associate tools and planning scenarios for building, housing, and coastal protection By 2030: 100 km sea wall completion (conditional) Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion Disaster management to protect coastal populations Operation Cost and TA Wall: Total: Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment.', 'Target: 30% of trained professionals and engineers are women Conditional Youth issues and roles will be integrated in the development process of the building code Building code will be enforced amongst private sector practices 54 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastruct ure - Land use planning Ministry of Land Manageme nt, Urban Lanning and Constructi on (MLMUPC) National Policy and Strategic Plan for Green Growth National Urban Development Strategy Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan Build climate resilience of coastal ecosystem By 2024: Complete all associate tools and planning scenarios for building, housing, and coastal protection By 2030: 100 km sea wall completion (conditional) Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion Disaster management to protect coastal populations Operation Cost and TA Wall: Total: Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Target: 30% of all construction jobs go to women 30% of all training and awareness raising participants are women Youth: socio- economic, geographical, ESIA, Climate Change and other study Private sector as construction design and implementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) climate resilient city Infrastruct ure - Land use planning National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) Climate risk management and rehabilitation of small, medium, and large-scale irrigation infrastructureCCC Introduce technologies in water work development and rehabilitation in response to the negative impacts of climate changeCCCSP the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptationMainst ream climate change into national and sub- national development plans and the NSPS Strengthening sub- national capacities and processes for localizing and delivering on SDGs and building resilience at the city level, the initiative will seek to address unstainable pattern of urban growth.', 'Target: 30% of all construction jobs go to women 30% of all training and awareness raising participants are women Youth: socio- economic, geographical, ESIA, Climate Change and other study Private sector as construction design and implementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) climate resilient city Infrastruct ure - Land use planning National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) Climate risk management and rehabilitation of small, medium, and large-scale irrigation infrastructureCCC Introduce technologies in water work development and rehabilitation in response to the negative impacts of climate changeCCCSP the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptationMainst ream climate change into national and sub- national development plans and the NSPS Strengthening sub- national capacities and processes for localizing and delivering on SDGs and building resilience at the city level, the initiative will seek to address unstainable pattern of urban growth. Climate exacerbated impact is also adding challenges to sustainable growth, the initiative will also consider integrate climate planning in city planning and investment projects. It will tackle the barriers on: 1. knowledge and capacity; 2. access to finance, and 3. partnership engagement. municipalities of Siem Reap, Kampong Cham and Tbong Khmum Strengthen knowledge and capacity on resilient city.Financing for resilient cities.Partnership and communication. 10,000,000 15,000,000 1. Climate change governance2. Climate vulnerability and impact assessment 3.', 'Climate vulnerability and impact assessment 3. National Green Growth Policy The component of project output to be aligned with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub- national Democratic Development of NCDD 56 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Rectangular Strategy National Policy on Green Growth Sectoral Development Plans The future national transport infrastructure is climate proofed, especially in sensitive/vulnerab le area where new standards have been used in design phase of construction projects. - One guidebook on climate proofing roads with design standards will be developed by - All repair and new road construction will follow the climate proofing design standard by 2030 - M&E framework develop for climate proofing standard road by 2023 Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportation (Experts, data collection and analysis, review and risk assessment of climate change impact, …) 600,000 USD.', '- One guidebook on climate proofing roads with design standards will be developed by - All repair and new road construction will follow the climate proofing design standard by 2030 - M&E framework develop for climate proofing standard road by 2023 Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportation (Experts, data collection and analysis, review and risk assessment of climate change impact, …) 600,000 USD. -Climate proofed standard design is built, quality of road infrastructure resilience to extreme climate event reduce maintenance and rehabilitation cost, good condition of road will result in better combustion led to GHG reduction Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female The climate proofing road standard will consider gender considerations to ensure the women have full access to roads and use roads as a means to improve their income and livelihood.', '-Climate proofed standard design is built, quality of road infrastructure resilience to extreme climate event reduce maintenance and rehabilitation cost, good condition of road will result in better combustion led to GHG reduction Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female The climate proofing road standard will consider gender considerations to ensure the women have full access to roads and use roads as a means to improve their income and livelihood. 30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road standards by 2030.', '30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road standards by 2030. Repair road using climate proofing standards by 2030.', 'Repair road using climate proofing standards by 2030. - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road -Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line (road constructio n and maintenanc e) 11,000,000 Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female New and repaired roads will ensure access of women particularly those living in the climate hard hit area and enable them to access necessary basic need such as markets, healthcare, water resources.', '- GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road -Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line (road constructio n and maintenanc e) 11,000,000 Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female New and repaired roads will ensure access of women particularly those living in the climate hard hit area and enable them to access necessary basic need such as markets, healthcare, water resources. 30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads For new road, this will be under construction companies (Private Sector)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 58 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Improve resilient capacity of rural road s DBST 3166 Km Concrete: 812 Km - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, Improve productivities - Better rural connectivity will promote a better rural economic, and environmental activities The current technology is available for resilient road construction; however, more advanced tech is still needed for construction in a challenging Environment.', '30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads For new road, this will be under construction companies (Private Sector)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 58 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Improve resilient capacity of rural road s DBST 3166 Km Concrete: 812 Km - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, Improve productivities - Better rural connectivity will promote a better rural economic, and environmental activities The current technology is available for resilient road construction; however, more advanced tech is still needed for construction in a challenging Environment. Target: 30% of those who receive skills training are women 50% of those benefiting from social and economic facilities are women Men and women have access to social and economic facilities.', 'Target: 30% of those who receive skills training are women 50% of those benefiting from social and economic facilities are women Men and women have access to social and economic facilities. All construction companies as are all private 59 News coverage and program production for awareness raising on climate change and its impacts Knowledge sharing Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework Cambodia Climate Change Strategic -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan -Producing diversified and pluralistic contents enable to attract the attention of different types of audiences on climate change through educational spot, featuring news, roundtable discussion and entertainments. Baseline: No baseline available (several climate change topics ,news feature, and roundtable discussion have been produced) Targets: -Produce numbers of educational spots - Numbers of Roundtable discussion session being conducted -Featuring/ Reporting news related to climate change - Produce numbers of songs, and other entertainment.', 'Baseline: No baseline available (several climate change topics ,news feature, and roundtable discussion have been produced) Targets: -Produce numbers of educational spots - Numbers of Roundtable discussion session being conducted -Featuring/ Reporting news related to climate change - Produce numbers of songs, and other entertainment. National Radio Cambodia (RNK) plan to produce - 120 topics of news feature related to climate change and 60 Hours of Airing - 120 topics on Climate Change to be discuss at “Suntanea Matik” Talk Show and 240 Hours of Airing - Cover 360 news article on Climate Change and 18 Hours of Airing -Reduce cost of climate risk -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation 3000000 - Hundreds of educational materials being produced and documented - Different types of audience being informed on climate change -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Women is among the targeted audience in which they feel the sense of inclusivity. Target: 30% of roundtable participants are women Conditional Youth is one of the targeted group in which the contents to be produced for.', 'Target: 30% of roundtable participants are women Conditional Youth is one of the targeted group in which the contents to be produced for. final production/materials will be published/broadcast at private media organizations 60 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities. Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Disaster Manageme nt (NCDM) - 2015 Law on Disaster Management National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic - Risk-informed, country-wide hazard assessment to be used as a guidance for development planning- Disast er risk information can be used as evidence to inform local development planning- Centra lized database managed by NCDM increases institutional resilience. - Inter- ministerial agreement/s on mechanisms and protocols on climate and disaster data and information sharing among government ministries and agencies.', '- Inter- ministerial agreement/s on mechanisms and protocols on climate and disaster data and information sharing among government ministries and agencies. - Vulnerable communities identified, and can become better prepared for future disasters provinces/City based on the identified hazard- CamDI (Cambodia Disaster Database) operational and regularly updated.- One national presentation on CamDI organized every year.- National Risk Assessment/Profile, updating the available risk assessment in Cambodia- Spatial risk analysis / multi- hazard risk assessments an national and sub- national level, incorporating climate change scenarios - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia- Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities.- Can be used alongside ID Poor system benefit from CAMDI) - INFORM Risk Index, www.inform-index.org, an open- source methodology for quantitatively assessing crisis and disaster risk.', '- Vulnerable communities identified, and can become better prepared for future disasters provinces/City based on the identified hazard- CamDI (Cambodia Disaster Database) operational and regularly updated.- One national presentation on CamDI organized every year.- National Risk Assessment/Profile, updating the available risk assessment in Cambodia- Spatial risk analysis / multi- hazard risk assessments an national and sub- national level, incorporating climate change scenarios - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia- Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities.- Can be used alongside ID Poor system benefit from CAMDI) - INFORM Risk Index, www.inform-index.org, an open- source methodology for quantitatively assessing crisis and disaster risk. - Global Disaster Database, EM-DAT which houses country-level information of past disasters (since the early 1900s).- Country- level information also available on compiled platform managed by the ReliefWeb ( Various / existing climate change scenarios studies developed for Cambodia.- CamDI platform (www.camdi.ncdm.gov.kh) - CamDI user’s manual (developed in 2014, updated in 2020).- After adoption of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), the country’s data base is to follow DesInventar database.DesInventar software is available for country’s adoption, available here: 30% of presentation participants femaleGender and age disaggregated data is collected and made available as per the guidance of SFDRR.At least 20% of women in technical positions and decision making roles at national and subnational levels.Gender and disaster vulnerability atlas could be developed.', '- Global Disaster Database, EM-DAT which houses country-level information of past disasters (since the early 1900s).- Country- level information also available on compiled platform managed by the ReliefWeb ( Various / existing climate change scenarios studies developed for Cambodia.- CamDI platform (www.camdi.ncdm.gov.kh) - CamDI user’s manual (developed in 2014, updated in 2020).- After adoption of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), the country’s data base is to follow DesInventar database.DesInventar software is available for country’s adoption, available here: 30% of presentation participants femaleGender and age disaggregated data is collected and made available as per the guidance of SFDRR.At least 20% of women in technical positions and decision making roles at national and subnational levels.Gender and disaster vulnerability atlas could be developed. Conditional Ao- that is at a technical stage NCDM will engage the private sector in process.', 'Conditional Ao- that is at a technical stage NCDM will engage the private sector in process. They could support NCDM for funding, material or cooperationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 61 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Disaster Manageme nt (NCDM) - 2015 Law on Disaster Management - National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction - Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic - Availability of real-time climate data for informed climate information - Enables community-level preparedness and response to disasters Baseline: only one system naming 1294 (specifically on flood) with covering 25 provinces (baseline- there are some cooperation with NGOs Target: to scale up to all communes/districts - Installation of 100 Automatic Weather Stations and 100 Automatic Hydrological Stations for national coverage. - Introduction of climate smart agriculture / drought resistance agriculture techniques in drought vulnerable provinces, based on the multi hazard risk assessment. - Nation-wide coverage for multi- hazard (flood, drought and storm) early warning - Transboundary flood early warning systems with Vietnam and Thailand established Other sectors, i.e. water resources and meteorology, agriculture will be of benefited by potential cross- sectoral mitigation activities.', 'water resources and meteorology, agriculture will be of benefited by potential cross- sectoral mitigation activities. 15,000,000 $100,000,000 - Automatic Weather and Hydrological Stations configuration in Cambodia, including Integrated Water Management System and other data bases established. - Realtime technology-based forecasting developed by advanced meteorological societies worldwide, e.g. Meteo France International, Finnish Meteorological Society - EWS1294 technology Females to make up 40% of subscriptions to Gender-sensitive EWS to be implemented, including inclusion of disability and other most vulnerable group. Specific EWS medium is to be implemented for various types of disability. Conditional Youth could promote and share the system to community people Private sector would take some roles (subject to discuss more) for example introduction new technology/knowledg e (mobile company provide the data) community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Disaster Manageme nt (NCDM) - 2015 Law on Disaster Management - Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic - National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction Strengthened community preparedness and adaptation capacities.', 'Conditional Youth could promote and share the system to community people Private sector would take some roles (subject to discuss more) for example introduction new technology/knowledg e (mobile company provide the data) community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Disaster Manageme nt (NCDM) - 2015 Law on Disaster Management - Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic - National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction Strengthened community preparedness and adaptation capacities. Baseline: 2 (at Kompot and Kep provinces) Target: 75% of communities have preparedness and contingency plans developed and updated bi-annually, including disaster simulation and climate change adaptation strategies - Social resilience at community level and increased engagement in disaster preparedness and response - Reduced asset, infrastructure, and life loss due to disasters benefit - Community Based Disaster Risk Management Field Practitioners Handbook: - KoBo toolbox for community assessment Females represent 25% of VDMG and CCDM Training of trainers of Women Champion in DRR and CCA – ensuring more representative of women on disaster and climate risk management.', 'Baseline: 2 (at Kompot and Kep provinces) Target: 75% of communities have preparedness and contingency plans developed and updated bi-annually, including disaster simulation and climate change adaptation strategies - Social resilience at community level and increased engagement in disaster preparedness and response - Reduced asset, infrastructure, and life loss due to disasters benefit - Community Based Disaster Risk Management Field Practitioners Handbook: - KoBo toolbox for community assessment Females represent 25% of VDMG and CCDM Training of trainers of Women Champion in DRR and CCA – ensuring more representative of women on disaster and climate risk management. 25% increase of women in climate change community based decision making positions Conditional Could incorporate youth as community volunteers Private sector would engage in process by learning from standard and apply these gained knowledge to their project 63 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) National Protected Areas Strategic Management plan 15 PAs with species- specific conservation action plans 15 PAs with forest restoration plans under implementation Total budget: Environment 1,125,000 To improve the knowledge base, support conservation action, and strengthen the enabling environment for addressing threats to species and ecosystem Number of PAs with species- specific conservation action plans Promote biodiversity conservation and restoration 25% of eco-tourism inputs/initiatives are directed to women Women make up 50% of representatives in biodiversity conservation inanities (decision making, training, capacity building, services etc.)', '25% increase of women in climate change community based decision making positions Conditional Could incorporate youth as community volunteers Private sector would engage in process by learning from standard and apply these gained knowledge to their project 63 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y Ministry of Environme nt (MOE) National Protected Areas Strategic Management plan 15 PAs with species- specific conservation action plans 15 PAs with forest restoration plans under implementation Total budget: Environment 1,125,000 To improve the knowledge base, support conservation action, and strengthen the enabling environment for addressing threats to species and ecosystem Number of PAs with species- specific conservation action plans Promote biodiversity conservation and restoration 25% of eco-tourism inputs/initiatives are directed to women Women make up 50% of representatives in biodiversity conservation inanities (decision making, training, capacity building, services etc.) Ecotourism Forest restoration 64 Integrated village development Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Building adaptive capacity of rural family to be smart in agricultural productivities and other livelihood promotion in changing environment.', 'Ecotourism Forest restoration 64 Integrated village development Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Building adaptive capacity of rural family to be smart in agricultural productivities and other livelihood promotion in changing environment. Baseline: 10 villages in Takeo, 10 in Kampong Speu and 10 Thbaung Kmom Targets: - -Job creation -Food security -Behavior Change -Better living environment -Wellbeing and environmental friendliness of communities to improve 200000000 Lessons learnt and best community practices from advanced countries Target: 30% of total beneficiaries are female Gender-responsiveness towards more participation in decision making and benefits. Women will be empowered in communities and households.', 'Women will be empowered in communities and households. Conditional for 170 villages Incorporate youth as community volunteers.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 65 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy, and waste management) Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) a) Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation b) Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient local governance through financial, institutional, policy and strategic plan reform in order to respond to current and projected climate hazards and prevent from loss and damage due to hazard Targets: 10 communes of 4 provinces namely Battambang, Pursat, Kampong Chhaning, and Siem Reap Province with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028 a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission though reducing fire wood consumption and waste pollution. b) Strengthen resilient capacity of women and girl in flooding community though accessing to clean water and clean energy. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action 2.', 'NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action 2. Climate vulnerability and impact assessment for 10 target communes Climate vulnerable map Target: 30% of women 30% of women report increased access to clean water 30% of women report access to off grid renewable energy technology and inputs a) Promote inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women in institutional arrangement for climate change b) Cambodia Gender and Climate Change Action Plan c) Policy on gender for sub-national democratic development Conditional For waste management Companies for waste collection, green technology and clean water 66 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihood s, poverty and biodiversit y National Committee for Sub- National Democratic Developm ent (NCDD) Rectangular Strategy Phase IV priority areas include Road, Water, Electricity and People to set the agenda for development while priority order of these four priority areas have been changed according to development phase. In the first two Legislatures, the Rectangular Strategy gave the top priority to Road, followed by Water, Electricity and People.', 'In the first two Legislatures, the Rectangular Strategy gave the top priority to Road, followed by Water, Electricity and People. In the Rectangular StrategyNSDP Development of physical infrastructure including:- Development of Transport and Urban Infrastructure- Water Resources and Irrigation System ManagementCCCS Climate change implication on infrastructure- Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS The Climate resilience at local level, within the social land concession communities will be strengthened and adapted through integrated into the support community infrastructures and sustainable management response to flood, drouth, strong wind. In addition, the GHG also effectively reduces from the introduce of sustainable land management practices by adopt to resilience agriculture activities and forest resources management that will positively create alternatives livelihood for the potential vulnerable communities. Help to build ownership and decision- making process at the community level as resulted from the project, the community will be able to engage in local planning and implementation with regards action to adapt with future trends of climate change. communes, 7 districts and 5 provinces across different geographical area of Cambodia including Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spue, Tboung Khmum and Kratie province to receive the resilient infrastructures services, improving their livelihood alternatives and sustainable growth.', 'communes, 7 districts and 5 provinces across different geographical area of Cambodia including Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spue, Tboung Khmum and Kratie province to receive the resilient infrastructures services, improving their livelihood alternatives and sustainable growth. The project is planning to scale up to other potential areas as nationwide through lesson learnt and key success of its implementation Modality: the project designed as potential for scaling up through its key success of implementation. It would be the key recommendation for the improvement of social land concession implementation to include climate change as one of main focus while community will really need support to cope with such climate change issues when settle-in new development area of social land concession sites. Improve knowledge: the project will help to improve understanding for sub-national level, local authorities on climate change both of adaptation and mitigation though join implementation follow decentralize approach under coordination of National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat (NCDDS). Similarly, the community groups will also receive training and awareness raising to build their sense understanding climate change to engage fully participation for the project implementation.', 'Similarly, the community groups will also receive training and awareness raising to build their sense understanding climate change to engage fully participation for the project implementation. This will positively contribute to both of adaption and mitigation action in the future. and Communication Technology (NSDP 2014-2023)2- Climate change governance3- Climate Change Index4- Social Land Concession sub-degree 5- National REED+ strategy 2017- Adapt with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub-national Democratic DevelopmentGender and Climate Change, green growth, and disaster managementCambodia Gender and Climate Change Action PlanThe Project will also contribute to the goals of the RGC’s new “Five Year Strategic Plan to Promote Gender Equality and Women’s 2023”, which aims to address women’s limited access to assets and services.', 'and Communication Technology (NSDP 2014-2023)2- Climate change governance3- Climate Change Index4- Social Land Concession sub-degree 5- National REED+ strategy 2017- Adapt with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub-national Democratic DevelopmentGender and Climate Change, green growth, and disaster managementCambodia Gender and Climate Change Action PlanThe Project will also contribute to the goals of the RGC’s new “Five Year Strategic Plan to Promote Gender Equality and Women’s 2023”, which aims to address women’s limited access to assets and services. inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women (at least 30%) in institutional arrangement and implementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 67 Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (focus on implementation) Policy and planning National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) a) Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation b) Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient local governance through financial, institutional, policy and strategic plan reform in order to respond to current and projected climate hazards and prevent loss and damage due to hazards provinces namely Takeo, Battambang, Peahvihear, Krati, Steng treng, Kampong Chhaning, Prey Veng, Svayreng, and Kampot with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2027 a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Improve performance-based of sub-national government on climate change planning and accessing to climate resilient grants 2 - Climate vulnerability and impact assessment for 50 target communes 3 - Climate Change Index Target: 30% women in local (commune and district) government participate in capacity building and awareness raising on climate impacts a.', 'inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women (at least 30%) in institutional arrangement and implementationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 67 Building climate resilience for district and commune governance through policy and strategic development plan reform (focus on implementation) Policy and planning National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) a) Leverage the decentralization process to strengthen financial and institutional processes for local adaptation b) Mainstream climate change into national and sub-national development plans and the NSPS Strengthen climate-resilient local governance through financial, institutional, policy and strategic plan reform in order to respond to current and projected climate hazards and prevent loss and damage due to hazards provinces namely Takeo, Battambang, Peahvihear, Krati, Steng treng, Kampong Chhaning, Prey Veng, Svayreng, and Kampot with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2027 a) Improve knowledge of local governance on impact of climate change will lead to mitigate GHG emission b) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate action c) Improve performance-based of sub-national government on climate change planning and accessing to climate resilient grants 2 - Climate vulnerability and impact assessment for 50 target communes 3 - Climate Change Index Target: 30% women in local (commune and district) government participate in capacity building and awareness raising on climate impacts a. Promote inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women in institutional arrangement for climate change b. Cambodia Gender and Climate Change Action Plan c. Policy on gender for sub- national democratic development Conditional Engage youth in analysis on impact of climate change and integrate cc into development climate change into Education Strategic Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Policy and planning Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) for education Capitalize on lessons learned, local knowledge and good practices for development of policies and actions for adaptation and mitigation.', 'Promote inclusiveness, gender equality, and accountability by engaging more women in institutional arrangement for climate change b. Cambodia Gender and Climate Change Action Plan c. Policy on gender for sub- national democratic development Conditional Engage youth in analysis on impact of climate change and integrate cc into development climate change into Education Strategic Strategic Plan and SDG4 Roadmap for Policy and planning Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) for education Capitalize on lessons learned, local knowledge and good practices for development of policies and actions for adaptation and mitigation. Strengthen resilience through education policy, research and planning reform in order to respond to climate related hazards.', 'Strengthen resilience through education policy, research and planning reform in order to respond to climate related hazards. Baseline: Integrated in primary and secondary sub-sector (Only strategies) Target: climate change concepts are mainstreamed into ESP and SDG4 Roadmap for a) Climate change adaptation b) Policy, Planning & Guidelines, c) Strengthening d) Research enhancement 3 - Strategies and interventions in the ESP and SDG4 Gender participated in the planning process on SDG4 and ESP 69 Strengthen the cooperation with local and International development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions for technical and financial support to implement the adaptation planning in media sector Policy and planning Minister of Informatio n (MOINF) -Ministry of Information Strategic Plan Strengthen the cooperation with local and international development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions is the best approach to accelerate the strategic plan implementation and ensuring the sustainability of projects. Baseline: No baseline available. The latest cooperation. Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA (2017- Target: MoInfo will seek and work with relevant stakeholders agencies including government and non- government institutions and accelerate the strategic plan implementation -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation bond of cooperation between Ministry of Information and stakeholders.', 'Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA (2017- Target: MoInfo will seek and work with relevant stakeholders agencies including government and non- government institutions and accelerate the strategic plan implementation -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation bond of cooperation between Ministry of Information and stakeholders. The latest cooperation.', 'Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA (2017- Target: MoInfo will seek and work with relevant stakeholders agencies including government and non- government institutions and accelerate the strategic plan implementation -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection -Forest protection -Biodiversity conservation bond of cooperation between Ministry of Information and stakeholders. The latest cooperation. Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Target: 30% are female Conditional Collaboration with private media organizations 70 Development of climate change national/capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators Policy and planning Ministry of Planning (MOP) NSDP, RS IV, CCCSP, CSDGs Building climate resilience development planning in the formulation and reporting of the implementation of the development plans and public investment programs at national and sub- national level Building transparent and credible information reporting the progress of the indicators, including CC indicators set in NSDP and CSDGs Formulation of the National/ Capital/ Provincial Development Plan to include climate change strategies/ policies and action plans by Reporting the progress of the achieving of the set indicators, including climate change indicators in the NSDP and the Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals and the achievement and status of the integration of climate change into the sub- Climate change adaptation and mitigation and other environmental issues (air pollution, water pollution, waste management, biodiversity, etc.)', 'Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA -TV -Radio -Website -App -Social Media Target: 30% are female Conditional Collaboration with private media organizations 70 Development of climate change national/capital/ provincial development plans including an M&E system with specific indicators Policy and planning Ministry of Planning (MOP) NSDP, RS IV, CCCSP, CSDGs Building climate resilience development planning in the formulation and reporting of the implementation of the development plans and public investment programs at national and sub- national level Building transparent and credible information reporting the progress of the indicators, including CC indicators set in NSDP and CSDGs Formulation of the National/ Capital/ Provincial Development Plan to include climate change strategies/ policies and action plans by Reporting the progress of the achieving of the set indicators, including climate change indicators in the NSDP and the Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals and the achievement and status of the integration of climate change into the sub- Climate change adaptation and mitigation and other environmental issues (air pollution, water pollution, waste management, biodiversity, etc.) will be integrated into a single plan. Cost of trainings, consultation s, and follow-up activities -Sub- national planning capacity building under budget of government . Integrated development plan National M&E Manual/Guideline/Handbook - M&E Capacity Building Plan - Training on M&E incl.', 'Integrated development plan National M&E Manual/Guideline/Handbook - M&E Capacity Building Plan - Training on M&E incl. data collection methods as well as data interpretation and presentation - Annual Progress Report/Voluntary National Review of the implementation of NSDP/CSDGs" All gender actions and strategies to respond to climate change are also integrated into development planning and National M&E Guideline and System. Gender target %-NSDP (only for action plan).', 'Gender target %-NSDP (only for action plan). Only priority is mentioned in development plans Training on gender and age disaggregated data collection will prioritized Climate change mainstreaming is conditional (Both financial and technical capacity for ToT)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) as well as sector development plans national development plans All indicators reported with credible and reliable resource of information by 2030 The National M&E Manual/Guideline/Ha ndbook formulated and disseminated for official use A long-term M&E capacity building program developed by At least 10 M&E trainings courses organized Target: 25 provinces 71 Development of a climate change public investment program for the national/capital/ provincial levels Policy and planning Ministry of Planning (MOP) NSDP,RS IV,CCCSP,CSDGs Building climate resilience investment planning through the formulation and compilation of information of climate investment fund to assist in making decision for climate change actions and priority. National/ Capital/ Provincial three-year rolling Public Investment Program, including the Climate Change-related Projects will be developed every year.Online climate investment and funding information will be available to public by 2030 which include the trend of climate expenditure and potential funding information which will be updated every year.', 'National/ Capital/ Provincial three-year rolling Public Investment Program, including the Climate Change-related Projects will be developed every year.Online climate investment and funding information will be available to public by 2030 which include the trend of climate expenditure and potential funding information which will be updated every year. Mitigation investment planPublic awareness on climate investment and fund will be improved ated Public Investment Program Climate-Informed Decisions: The National/ Capital/ Provincial Public Investment Program including the Climate Change- related Projects as a Mechanism for Lowering Carbon Emissions Gender involvement is highly considered in the project implementation as stated in the project information sheet/ document.Gender target/%-at 5% of total project staff. Encourage participation of women-% of gender will be specified in the project document which will be determined by partners Conditional including detail technology (Private and financial sector)PIP online. Ministries to record all investment plans including climate change in investment. (no training yet and information to be available online for climate investment 72 Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into rural development planning processes and technical design.', '(no training yet and information to be available online for climate investment 72 Building adaptive and resilient capacity for MRD officers at national and sub-national level for mainstreaming climate change into rural development planning processes and technical design. Policy and planning Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular Strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan -Strengthen capacity for Climate Change in rural development planning & technical design. Baseline: Number of trainings have been conducted by MRD and others but there is no proper system to record Target: By 2030, about 30% of Technical Officials in MRD and PDRD have been trained - Contribute to the improvement of rural development work in challenging environment VDC will help their community better in term of development and challenging environment - Lesson learnt and best practice from other countries can be applied. Target: 30% of MRD female staffs will receive capacity building 75% of capacity building recipients report increased knowledge and application of gender integration in their work Gender is considering in all stages of project or programme to promote gender mainstreaming. Gender participation indicator will be included.', 'Gender participation indicator will be included. 73 Build adaptive capacity on climate change for village leaders (Village Development Committees, VDCs) Policy and planning Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan Strengthen capacity on climate resilience. Target: 200 VDCs have been trained (1000 VDC members) - Contribute to rural community development planning and practices in challenging environment 10,000,000 Lessons learnt and best practice from other countries can be applied. Target: 40% of VDC members in committee are female Gender is considering in all stages of project or programme to promote gender mainstreaming. Gender participation indicator will be included.', 'Gender participation indicator will be included. 74 Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/c ommunes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Infrastructure: road, water, Policies and planning Agriculture Ecosystem-based services The vulnerability in the provinces around Tonle sap lake and Svay Rieng reduced vulnerability index 10,000,000 20,000,000 30-60% of beneficiaries Conditional Plays an important role in capacity building activities, implementation of the pilot projects and as beneficiaries Can provide funding, services and technologyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 75 Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) The CCCSP for 2024- 2033 developed and the implementation successfully conducted until 2030.', '74 Strengthen resilience and adaptation capacity to climate change in the most vulnerable provinces/districts/c ommunes (produce vulnerability index maps at the commune level, integrate climate change into investment and development plans, demonstrate the identified actions at pilot sites) Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Infrastructure: road, water, Policies and planning Agriculture Ecosystem-based services The vulnerability in the provinces around Tonle sap lake and Svay Rieng reduced vulnerability index 10,000,000 20,000,000 30-60% of beneficiaries Conditional Plays an important role in capacity building activities, implementation of the pilot projects and as beneficiaries Can provide funding, services and technologyCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 75 Update and implement the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) for Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) The CCCSP for 2024- 2033 developed and the implementation successfully conducted until 2030. 76 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Enhanced transparency framework set in place and the sectoral M&E strengthened through capacity building institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Enhanced capacity of/ and coordination regarding climate change related issues with line ministries and institutions both at the national and sub-national levels.', '76 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and sectoral strategies and plans Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Enhanced transparency framework set in place and the sectoral M&E strengthened through capacity building institutional capacity on climate change (mitigation, adaptation, policy, strategies, planning, and finance) through awareness raising, training, and advocacy Policy and planning National Council for Sustainabl e Developm ent (NCSD) Cambodian Development Goals Framework Enhanced capacity of/ and coordination regarding climate change related issues with line ministries and institutions both at the national and sub-national levels. 78 Provide capacity building and supports for Climate Change Innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) -Royal Government of Cambodia labels tourism sector as “Green Gold”. -Tourism is a non-smoke industry, which import in places. Ministry of Tourism (MOT) has developed its Climate Change Action Plan for Tourism Sector -Promoting livelihood resilience through CBT/CBE tourism development. -Improving tourism standards to improve the quality of services and products. -Innovating new products design and efficiency natural resources management 1. Strengthen the capacity building on Environmental Education Development (EED) in tourism to stakeholders among 6 Provinces. 6 provinces are just based on first priority strategy plan of MoT where are higher tourist area.', '6 provinces are just based on first priority strategy plan of MoT where are higher tourist area. Those are Kg Thom, Battambang, Siem Reap, Kg Cham, Kg Chhnang and Pursat. 2. Providing supports for Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Koh Kong Provinces Encouraging all involvement tourism stakeholders for better the understanding and to engage their contribution on adaptation to two beneficiaries: Education Development on green tourism. 2) Peam Krosoap was estimated be upgrade and innovated for climate change adaptation. Cambodia CBET/CET standard. 3) The quality of ecotourism services and products would improve through by tourism innovation. 4) Reducing poverty and contribute to responding effectively to climate change, so it is increasing the gross domestic product of Cambodia (GDP). Public toilet, education signboard, billboard, rubbish bin etc. The M&E system will be aligned with National Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Climate Change. Target: 70% of training participants are female Encouraging women, elderly, children, poorest to involve, they might understand and support new mindset that would provide (for adaptation projects).', 'Target: 70% of training participants are female Encouraging women, elderly, children, poorest to involve, they might understand and support new mindset that would provide (for adaptation projects). Youth inside of target communities will be engaged through campaign activities Cambodia Authority of Travel Agencies (CATA) where consist of dozens agencies- mostly are private sector would provide technical support, strategy development and cooperation 79 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) -Royal Government of Cambodia labels tourism sector as “Green Gold”. -Tourism is a non-smoke industry, which import in places. Ministry of Tourism (MOT) has developed its Climate Change Action Plan for Tourism Sector -Promoting livelihood resilience through CBT/CBE tourism development. -Improving tourism standards to improve the quality of services and products. -Innovating new products design and efficiency natural resources management Target: 60% of women (including children) respond to having an increased awareness of community based tourism and the impacts of climate change on this sector Youth plays an important role in all activities of MoT such as camping, cycling campaign.', '-Innovating new products design and efficiency natural resources management Target: 60% of women (including children) respond to having an increased awareness of community based tourism and the impacts of climate change on this sector Youth plays an important role in all activities of MoT such as camping, cycling campaign. MoT build this awareness through tourist agencies/travel agenciesCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 80 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism Ministry of Tourism (MOT) -Royal Government of Cambodia labels tourism sector as “Green Gold”. - Tourism is a non- smoke industry, which import in places.Ministry of Tourism (MOT) has developed its Climate Change Action Plan for Tourism Sector -Promoting livelihood resilience through CBT/CBE tourism development.- Improving tourism standards to improve the quality of services and products.- Innovating new products design and efficiency natural resources management MoT will work closely to expert ministries to enhance the climate resilience farming at local community. This activity is attractive much to tourist.', 'This activity is attractive much to tourist. one village one product strategy Baseline: 6 locations Target: 30 locations/provinces Target: 40% of training participants are women (including children)40% of beneficiaries for new ecotourism product development are women Youth Engagement: Promotion on quality of organic foods/vegetable to extend using and support on local products. Support to the local agriculture product, enhance Agric- ecotourism in community by bring tourists to visit and involve agriculture active and create wonderful memories and fun. Pushing on Smart-agriculture plantation and extend on the more create of cycle systems including; fish, meat, vegetable, so on. 81 Establish an automated nation- wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Enables better preparedness and response to environmental shocks Enables inter- ministerial agreement/s on mechanisms and protocols on climate and disaster data and information sharing among government ministries and agencies Can be used to develop climate- informed risk assessments and strategies Increased national meteorological and hydrological data Baseline: 80 auto hydromet system already installed.', '81 Establish an automated nation- wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Enables better preparedness and response to environmental shocks Enables inter- ministerial agreement/s on mechanisms and protocols on climate and disaster data and information sharing among government ministries and agencies Can be used to develop climate- informed risk assessments and strategies Increased national meteorological and hydrological data Baseline: 80 auto hydromet system already installed. Targets (by 2030): a) 90+ automated hydrological stations b) 51 automated weather stations 94 automated water quality stations c) 410 automated ground water stations d) Coverage: at least 40 % of the country with priority areas e) 26 PDWRAM offices Coverage: 100 % of the country (Conditional) Data can be used cross-sectorally and for short and long term projection Supporting disaster risk reduction, and other mitigation activities Supporting River Basin management planning and monitoring activities Supporting hydrological modelling works and decision support system (DSS) 47,900,000 The benefit of this activity is contributed to other adaption activities (e.g.', 'Targets (by 2030): a) 90+ automated hydrological stations b) 51 automated weather stations 94 automated water quality stations c) 410 automated ground water stations d) Coverage: at least 40 % of the country with priority areas e) 26 PDWRAM offices Coverage: 100 % of the country (Conditional) Data can be used cross-sectorally and for short and long term projection Supporting disaster risk reduction, and other mitigation activities Supporting River Basin management planning and monitoring activities Supporting hydrological modelling works and decision support system (DSS) 47,900,000 The benefit of this activity is contributed to other adaption activities (e.g. Automatic Weather and Hydrological Stations configuration in Cambodia Real time hydro-meteorological platform incorporating data from MoWRAM’s hydro and meteo station World Meteorological Organization (WMO) guidelines on Integrated Urban, Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environmental Guidelines. Target: 5-10% females to be involved in network and monitoring plan development.', 'Target: 5-10% females to be involved in network and monitoring plan development. Conditional 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) (Unconditional) Consulting firm installed system and technical training to operate the system (service provider)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 82 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Increased environmental resilience More equitable water distribution/acces s to vulnerable groups Sustainable development and framework for disaster risk reduction, and can therefore act as a mechanism of coherence among these global frameworks - 10 River Basins have updated River Basin Management Plans - 1 Water Resource and Storage Assessment for River Basin Group completed, for 3+ River Basin Groups/25 River Basins - 1 National Water Resource Management Information Centre established, with facilities to store, analyze and report on water resources data and information, and inform management decisions, and established process for data sharing.', 'Conditional 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) (Unconditional) Consulting firm installed system and technical training to operate the system (service provider)Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 82 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Increased environmental resilience More equitable water distribution/acces s to vulnerable groups Sustainable development and framework for disaster risk reduction, and can therefore act as a mechanism of coherence among these global frameworks - 10 River Basins have updated River Basin Management Plans - 1 Water Resource and Storage Assessment for River Basin Group completed, for 3+ River Basin Groups/25 River Basins - 1 National Water Resource Management Information Centre established, with facilities to store, analyze and report on water resources data and information, and inform management decisions, and established process for data sharing. - Development of modern and modular fit-for-purpose Decision Support Systems (database, water modelling packages, user interfaces) incorporating remote sensing and observed field data, economic and social information that covers at least 25 River Basins - 20+ of PDWRAM staff, FWUCs, and young-to-middle level Cambodian water professionals receive quarterly training in water resource management - 252 of communities educated on climate and water resource management - Establishment of 252 knowledge hubs to build local understanding of water resources (water and soil), scheme condition and performance, changes in agricultural inputs and outputs etc.', '- Development of modern and modular fit-for-purpose Decision Support Systems (database, water modelling packages, user interfaces) incorporating remote sensing and observed field data, economic and social information that covers at least 25 River Basins - 20+ of PDWRAM staff, FWUCs, and young-to-middle level Cambodian water professionals receive quarterly training in water resource management - 252 of communities educated on climate and water resource management - Establishment of 252 knowledge hubs to build local understanding of water resources (water and soil), scheme condition and performance, changes in agricultural inputs and outputs etc. - 1 National Water Analytic System covering 32 river basins Improved relationships between all major water users Improved water allocation and abstraction limits -> reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem 49,600,000 Benefits: The benefit can be estimated from the damage and recovery cost by flood and drought or other water related disaster as below.', '- 1 National Water Analytic System covering 32 river basins Improved relationships between all major water users Improved water allocation and abstraction limits -> reverse/halt overdevelopment impacts Protection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystem 49,600,000 Benefits: The benefit can be estimated from the damage and recovery cost by flood and drought or other water related disaster as below. The potential benefits include: - Flood damage and loss cost: 356 million USD (based on 2013 flood) -Post flood recovery cost USD (based on Target: 10-20% female 40% of education project beneficiaries are women Gender and age disaggregated data is collected and used at the water resource management info center Send around 20 students abroad for higher education (Master)- Conditional Construction of center and technical support on capacity buildingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 83 Establish a national climate and food warning system, including a service center and flood emergency response plans Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) 2015 Law on Disaster Management Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Communities (including vulnerable ones) more resilient to disasters Increased risk knowledge More accurately monitoring and predicting risk Dissemination of information to public Responsive to warnings and disasters 1 National Centre Established with Decision Supporting System 100% of provinces have Flood Emergency Response Plans Other sectors, i.e.', 'The potential benefits include: - Flood damage and loss cost: 356 million USD (based on 2013 flood) -Post flood recovery cost USD (based on Target: 10-20% female 40% of education project beneficiaries are women Gender and age disaggregated data is collected and used at the water resource management info center Send around 20 students abroad for higher education (Master)- Conditional Construction of center and technical support on capacity buildingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 83 Establish a national climate and food warning system, including a service center and flood emergency response plans Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) 2015 Law on Disaster Management Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction National Water Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Communities (including vulnerable ones) more resilient to disasters Increased risk knowledge More accurately monitoring and predicting risk Dissemination of information to public Responsive to warnings and disasters 1 National Centre Established with Decision Supporting System 100% of provinces have Flood Emergency Response Plans Other sectors, i.e. agriculture will benefit by potential cross-sectoral mitigation activities Flood risk reduction and mitigation 8,800,000 Benefits: can be estimated from the damage and recovery cost by flood and drought the same as #2 Real-time technology-based forecasting developed by advanced meteorological societies worldwide, Existing community based DRR and CCA guidelines Target: 50% of all stakeholders in consultations on flood warning systems are women Females to be involved in emergency response plan development, and gender mainstreamed throughout.', 'agriculture will benefit by potential cross-sectoral mitigation activities Flood risk reduction and mitigation 8,800,000 Benefits: can be estimated from the damage and recovery cost by flood and drought the same as #2 Real-time technology-based forecasting developed by advanced meteorological societies worldwide, Existing community based DRR and CCA guidelines Target: 50% of all stakeholders in consultations on flood warning systems are women Females to be involved in emergency response plan development, and gender mainstreamed throughout. 30% of women in instutional arrangements for climate and flood warning systems 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) Construction of center and technical support on capacity building groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) Climate risk management and rehabilitation of small, medium, and large-scale irrigation infrastructure technologies in water work development and rehabilitation in response to the negative impacts of climate change Strengthen resilience of most vulnerable groups to respond to water shortage issues through sustainable management of ground water provinces namely Peahvihear, Banteymeanchey, Oudormeanchey,Kratie , Steng treng, Pursat, Battambang, Siem Reap, and Kampong Thom with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 1. Sustainable water management 2. Reduce water pollution 3.', '30% of women in instutional arrangements for climate and flood warning systems 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) Construction of center and technical support on capacity building groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources National Committee for Sub- National Democrati c Developm ent (NCDD) Climate risk management and rehabilitation of small, medium, and large-scale irrigation infrastructure technologies in water work development and rehabilitation in response to the negative impacts of climate change Strengthen resilience of most vulnerable groups to respond to water shortage issues through sustainable management of ground water provinces namely Peahvihear, Banteymeanchey, Oudormeanchey,Kratie , Steng treng, Pursat, Battambang, Siem Reap, and Kampong Thom with integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2030 1. Sustainable water management 2. Reduce water pollution 3. NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 2. Groundwater monitoring system 3.', 'NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 2. Groundwater monitoring system 3. Capacity building and advocacy program for ground water The component of project output to be aligned with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub- national Democratic Development of NCDD 50% of stakeholders consulted are women, and people from socially marginalised groups (people with disabilities, the elderly, ethnic minorities) Youth engagement on groundwater conservation campaign and involvement on water conservation advocacy.', 'Capacity building and advocacy program for ground water The component of project output to be aligned with Policy on Promotion of Gender Equality for Sub- national Democratic Development of NCDD 50% of stakeholders consulted are women, and people from socially marginalised groups (people with disabilities, the elderly, ethnic minorities) Youth engagement on groundwater conservation campaign and involvement on water conservation advocacy. Private sector engagement on groundwater management through exchange of technology adoption.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 85 Establish nationally standardized best- practice systems for irrigation Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic Objective Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Framework for irrigation sector Improved drought resilienceClimate resilience irrigation systems and sustainable agriculture production 10+ regional exchange to countries that have globally recognized specialized irrigation and water resources experience- 1 nation- wide (35 river basins) soil assessment program for irrigation investment established- 1 national standard for design, construction and performance monitoring of irrigation schemes developed- Establish 502 long-term O&M contracts for large irrigation schemes to set-up organizational, management, operational, financial and administration systems, including building PDWRAM and Farmer Water User Committee capabilities- Establish 10+ small pilot trials (50 ha to 100 ha) to test cutting edge technology and advance irrigation practice, including testing water delivery systems, preparation measures, crop types and patterns, fertilizers, and potential scale up cost and benefits- Establish 544 Farmer Water large water storage rehabilitated and new irrigation schemes with O&M plans Improved relationships between all major water usersIncreased productivity of agricultural sectorImproved water allocation and abstraction limits and reverse/halt overdevelopment impactsProtection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystemIncreased drought management 2,498,900 Benefits: Net return from irrigation scheme is million USD per year in term of paddy rice production of the whole country with 95% of the irrigation service fee (ISF)Net return from irrigation scheme is estimated to be USD per year for case of paddy and vegetation combined production Regulation & water law (river basin planning, IWRM etc.', 'Private sector engagement on groundwater management through exchange of technology adoption.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 85 Establish nationally standardized best- practice systems for irrigation Water resources Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorolo gy (MOWRA M) Climate Change Strategic Plan (Strategic Objective Resources Management and Sustainable Irrigation Road Map and Investment Program 2019 – Framework for irrigation sector Improved drought resilienceClimate resilience irrigation systems and sustainable agriculture production 10+ regional exchange to countries that have globally recognized specialized irrigation and water resources experience- 1 nation- wide (35 river basins) soil assessment program for irrigation investment established- 1 national standard for design, construction and performance monitoring of irrigation schemes developed- Establish 502 long-term O&M contracts for large irrigation schemes to set-up organizational, management, operational, financial and administration systems, including building PDWRAM and Farmer Water User Committee capabilities- Establish 10+ small pilot trials (50 ha to 100 ha) to test cutting edge technology and advance irrigation practice, including testing water delivery systems, preparation measures, crop types and patterns, fertilizers, and potential scale up cost and benefits- Establish 544 Farmer Water large water storage rehabilitated and new irrigation schemes with O&M plans Improved relationships between all major water usersIncreased productivity of agricultural sectorImproved water allocation and abstraction limits and reverse/halt overdevelopment impactsProtection of environmental flows as the support of basin human needs and ecosystemIncreased drought management 2,498,900 Benefits: Net return from irrigation scheme is million USD per year in term of paddy rice production of the whole country with 95% of the irrigation service fee (ISF)Net return from irrigation scheme is estimated to be USD per year for case of paddy and vegetation combined production Regulation & water law (river basin planning, IWRM etc. )Existing Irrigation design concept and management methodologyFarmer Water User Communities (FWUC) sub- degree and the FWUC Development Policy and Guidelines of MoWRAMMoWRAM’s O&M plan and guideline for irrigation schemes Existing irrigation technologies (e.g., Drip irrigation, Precision mobile drip irrigation, Center pivot irrigation, Fertigation and Chemigation technology)Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines on Transfer of irrigation management services 25% of participants for regional exchange are female40% of Farmer Water User Committees female 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) (Conditional) FWUC provide capacity building on technology+NGOsSoil assessment (consulting firm)Standard for irrigation: participation in design standardcutting edge technology and advance irrigation practice: construction 86 Resilient and adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan WASH infrastructure in the rural area resilient and adapted to CC.', ')Existing Irrigation design concept and management methodologyFarmer Water User Communities (FWUC) sub- degree and the FWUC Development Policy and Guidelines of MoWRAMMoWRAM’s O&M plan and guideline for irrigation schemes Existing irrigation technologies (e.g., Drip irrigation, Precision mobile drip irrigation, Center pivot irrigation, Fertigation and Chemigation technology)Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines on Transfer of irrigation management services 25% of participants for regional exchange are female40% of Farmer Water User Committees female 20 students sent abroad for higher education (Master) (Conditional) FWUC provide capacity building on technology+NGOsSoil assessment (consulting firm)Standard for irrigation: participation in design standardcutting edge technology and advance irrigation practice: construction 86 Resilient and adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources Ministry of Rural Developm ent (MRD) -Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals -Rectangular strategy -NSDP -MRD Strategic Plan WASH infrastructure in the rural area resilient and adapted to CC. Water Supply 58% Changing attitude and practices of rural people to be more environmentally friendly The current technology is available for resilient and adaptive water supply and sanitation Target: 50% of project beneficiaries are women 50% of stakeholders in consultations are women 50% of training participants on new technologies and adaptive water systems are women Gender will be engaged in planning and using and maintaining water supply infrastructure .', 'Water Supply 58% Changing attitude and practices of rural people to be more environmentally friendly The current technology is available for resilient and adaptive water supply and sanitation Target: 50% of project beneficiaries are women 50% of stakeholders in consultations are women 50% of training participants on new technologies and adaptive water systems are women Gender will be engaged in planning and using and maintaining water supply infrastructure . Incorporate youth as community volunteers, Water user group for maintenance of the equipment All private companies as suppliersAppendix 3: Selected Bibliography Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft (2019). World Risk Index, Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft publisher CDKN (2016). Planning for NDC implementation: a Quick Start Guide, Climate Development Knowledge Network Davies, G.I., McIver, L., Kim, Y., Hashizume, M., Iddings, S. and Chan, V., (2015).', 'Planning for NDC implementation: a Quick Start Guide, Climate Development Knowledge Network Davies, G.I., McIver, L., Kim, Y., Hashizume, M., Iddings, S. and Chan, V., (2015). Water- borne diseases and extreme weather events in Cambodia: Review of impacts and implications of climate change, International journal of environmental research and Eckstein, D et al. (2019). Global Climate Risk Index 2020, Germanwatch GSSD (2017). National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan. General Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2015). Second National Communication, National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2016).', 'Second National Communication, National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2016). Promoting private sector contribution to the climate change response in Cambodia, National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2018). Addressing climate change impacts on economic growth in Cambodia, National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2020).', 'Addressing climate change impacts on economic growth in Cambodia, National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. NCSD (2020). Cambodia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR), National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh.Appendix 4: Emission reduction estimates No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1,043 GgCO2 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in 2030 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in 2030 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources.', 'Cambodia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR), National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh.Appendix 4: Emission reduction estimates No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1,043 GgCO2 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to reduce 10% in 2030 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in 2030 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources. 25 % of renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME N/a 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source).', '25 % of renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME N/a 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source). If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 28 These emission reduction values were submitted by the lead ministry 29 N/a: sectoral projections were used.No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill.', 'If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 28 These emission reduction values were submitted by the lead ministry 29 N/a: sectoral projections were used.No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE 421 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT N/a 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.', 'GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE 421 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT N/a 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD N/a 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battembang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD N/a 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT N/a 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.', 'NCDD N/a 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battembang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD N/a 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT N/a 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed. MoE N/a 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF N/a 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology 30 N/a: sectoral projections were used.', 'MoE N/a 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF N/a 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology 30 N/a: sectoral projections were used. 31 N/a: sectoral projections were used.No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 27 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF N/a 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector MISTI N/a 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan MLMUCP 1090 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings.', '31 N/a: sectoral projections were used.No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 27 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF N/a 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector MISTI N/a 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan MLMUCP 1090 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings. No FOLU sector targets Lead Ministry 1 FOLU NDC Scenario 1: 60% forest cover by 2030 MAFF, Rectangular Strategy IV, INDC 2 FOLU NDC Scenario 2: Reduce 50% of historical emission REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) 3 FOLU NDC Scenario 3: INDC emission reduction (4.7 e/ha/year)Appendix 5: NDC Scenarios In all sectors except FOLU, there is only one NDC scenario.', 'No FOLU sector targets Lead Ministry 1 FOLU NDC Scenario 1: 60% forest cover by 2030 MAFF, Rectangular Strategy IV, INDC 2 FOLU NDC Scenario 2: Reduce 50% of historical emission REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) 3 FOLU NDC Scenario 3: INDC emission reduction (4.7 e/ha/year)Appendix 5: NDC Scenarios In all sectors except FOLU, there is only one NDC scenario. The FOLU sector has three NDC scenarios, as follows: FOLU NDC Scenario 1: 60% forest cover by 2030 – (MAFF, Rectangular Strategy IV). Increment of forest cover up to 60% of national land area was suggested by the MAFF. According to the received information, this target is agreed with the “Rectangular Strategy IV, angle 2 (60% of forest cover is maintained)”.', 'According to the received information, this target is agreed with the “Rectangular Strategy IV, angle 2 (60% of forest cover is maintained)”. The FOLU NDC Scenario 2: Reduction 50% of historical emission by 2030 (REDD+ programme); This target is based on the REDD+ national strategy which was included due to the suggestions of REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) and the Department of Climate Change. The main assumption of the calculation was to reduce historical emissions from the forest sector by half (76.3 million tCO2e) by 2030 (38.1 million tCO2e), with an average annual reduction of 21 million tCO2e/year. The FOLU NDC Scenario 3: INDC emission reduction (INDC, 2015) - (4.7 tCO2e/ha/year). This scenario was based on the FOLU sector target presented in the country’s INDC report.', 'This scenario was based on the FOLU sector target presented in the country’s INDC report. The INDC target was also developed in the expectation of maintaining 60% forest cover of the total land area. However, the considered base year was 2010. The effort necessary to increase the forest cover was less (from 57% forest cover in 2010 to 60% in 2030. The increment is 3%). Therefore, emission reduction for the increasing 1 hectare of forest cover was estimated as 4.7 tCO2e/ha/year in INDC. However, actual forest cover is around 42% in 2020. The 18% of forest cover increment should be applied to achieve 60% target in 2030.', 'The 18% of forest cover increment should be applied to achieve 60% target in 2030. Here It was observed how much emission reduction can be achieved using the same emission factor value (4.7 tCO2e/ha/year) in the current circumstances. The following three overall NDC scenarios were developed based on the three NDC scenarios of the FOLU sector: NDC Scenario 1: FOLU NDC scenario 1 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectors NDC Scenario 2: FOLU NDC scenario 2 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectors NDC Scenario 3: FOLU NDC scenario 3 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectorsEstimated emission reductions under the different NDC scenarios are shown in Figure 15 below.', 'The following three overall NDC scenarios were developed based on the three NDC scenarios of the FOLU sector: NDC Scenario 1: FOLU NDC scenario 1 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectors NDC Scenario 2: FOLU NDC scenario 2 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectors NDC Scenario 3: FOLU NDC scenario 3 combined with available NDC scenarios of other sectorsEstimated emission reductions under the different NDC scenarios are shown in Figure 15 below. Figure 15 Overall GHG emission reduction (including the FOLU) Source: NCSD (2020) As per Figure 15, the estimated emission reduction with FOLU by 2030 under different NDC scenarios will be approximately: NDC scenario 1: 329.2 million tCO2e/year (212.4 % reduction, of which 92% is from FOLU), NDC scenario 2: 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction, of which 59.1% is from FOLU); and NDC scenario 3: 30.2 million tCO2e/year (19.7 % reduction, of which 12.5% is from FOLU).', 'Figure 15 Overall GHG emission reduction (including the FOLU) Source: NCSD (2020) As per Figure 15, the estimated emission reduction with FOLU by 2030 under different NDC scenarios will be approximately: NDC scenario 1: 329.2 million tCO2e/year (212.4 % reduction, of which 92% is from FOLU), NDC scenario 2: 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction, of which 59.1% is from FOLU); and NDC scenario 3: 30.2 million tCO2e/year (19.7 % reduction, of which 12.5% is from FOLU). NDC Scenario 1 - Contribution by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reduction under the NDC scenario 1 among the sectors is indicated in Figure 16 below.', 'NDC Scenario 1 - Contribution by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reduction under the NDC scenario 1 among the sectors is indicated in Figure 16 below. GHG Emission (million tCO2 e) Year Overall GHG emission reductions for different NDC scenarios (including the FOLU) BAU Scenario NDC Scenario 1 NDC Scenario 2 NDC Scenario 3Figure 16 GHG emission reduction under the NDC scenario 1 in 2030 Source: NCSD (2020) Table 18: Sectoral share and absolute number of GHG emissions reduction under the NDC Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG emission reduction The NDC Scenario 1 has a mitigation target of 329.2 million tCO2e/year by the year 2030. This is a 212.4 % reduction compared to the BAU scenario.', 'This is a 212.4 % reduction compared to the BAU scenario. The FOLU is to provide the major share of 92% emission reduction by 2030. Other sectors like energy (4.2 %), agriculture (1.9%), industry (IPPU) (1.8 %), and waste (0.2 %) are also expected to contribute in a minor way. GHG emission reduction under the NDC scenario 1- 2030 FOLU Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste eThe FOLU sector would contribute to 49.2% of the total GHG emissions of the country by 2030 and 61% by 2016. However, this is a high national ambition. A main reason for the reduction of forest area is utilizing forest land for agriculture.', 'A main reason for the reduction of forest area is utilizing forest land for agriculture. Therefore, supporting policies such as increasing the yield of agricultural lands and possible interventions like forest gardens where a combination of large and small useful trees are planted in home gardens need to be explored in order to achieve this target without hindering the production of the agriculture sector. NDC Scenario 2 - Contribution by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reductions under the NDC scenario 2 among different sectors is indicated in Figure 17 below.', 'NDC Scenario 2 - Contribution by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reductions under the NDC scenario 2 among different sectors is indicated in Figure 17 below. Figure 17 GHG emission reduction under the NDC scenario 2 in 2030 Source: NCSD (2020) GHG emission reduction under NDC scenario 2- 2030 FOLU Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) Waste eTable 19 Sectoral share and absolute number of GHG emissions reduction under the NDC Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG emission reduction Under the NDC scenario 2, an emission reduction of 64.6 million tCO2e/year is expected by 2030. This is a 41.7 % reduction compared with the BAU case. Even under this scenario, the FOLU is expected to provide the major share of the 59.1% reduction in emissions by 2030.', 'Even under this scenario, the FOLU is expected to provide the major share of the 59.1% reduction in emissions by 2030. Other sectors like energy (21.3%), agriculture (9.6%), Industry (IPPU) (9.1%), and waste (0.9%) are also expected to contribute in a significant way. This approach will have an even wider participation than scenario 1 and will have even better resilience to failures in the mitigation activities. Yet one disadvantage of the involvement of many sectors could be the need for more experts in many fields. However, this could be considered as an opportunity to develop or strengthen Cambodia’s capacity.', 'However, this could be considered as an opportunity to develop or strengthen Cambodia’s capacity. NDC Scenario 3 - Contribution by different sectors The share of distribution of the planned emission reduction under the NDC scenario 3 among the various sectors is indicated in Figure 18 below.Figure 18: GHG emission reduction under NDC scenario 3 in 2030 Source: NCSD (2020) Table 20 Sectoral share and absolute number of GHG emission reduction under the NDC Sector Sectoral share (%) GHG emission reduction Under the NDC scenario 3, the target emission reduction is 30.2 million tCO2e/year by 2030, which is a 19.7 % reduction compared with the BAU scenario. The main emphasis for emission reduction under this scenario is on the Energy sector (45.5%), followed by the Agriculture sector (20.6%).', 'The main emphasis for emission reduction under this scenario is on the Energy sector (45.5%), followed by the Agriculture sector (20.6%). The Industry (IPPU) sector is at third place with a 19.5% expected contribution. The FOLU will also join with above sectors to make a more than 95% contribution in the emission reduction. GHG emission reduction under NDC scenario 3- 2030 Energy Agriculture Industry(IPPU) FOLU Waste ePlacing less emphasis on the FOLU could be more socially acceptable as the rapid de- forestation of the country would have been linked to the expansion of agriculture. Expecting a 20.6% share of emission reduction from agriculture also may be more acceptable to rural farming communities.', 'Expecting a 20.6% share of emission reduction from agriculture also may be more acceptable to rural farming communities. However, there could be an effect on soil, water and other natural resources not considered in the GHG mitigation study. Mitigating emissions from the electricity sector will be directed mainly on renewable energy power generation. There will be barriers imposed by the availability and the absorption capacity of the grid which would have to be addressed for the achievement of the targets. Mitigating transport sector emissions would require policy instruments and carbon pricing instruments to promote low emission transport modes. Social acceptance would depend on the chosen approaches, public awareness and the instruments used. The other industrial sectors will expand and play a major role during Cambodia’s development.', 'The other industrial sectors will expand and play a major role during Cambodia’s development. Therefore, energy efficiency and the process of developing existing and new industries must be improved to minimize the effect on emissions. As the cost of the RE is on the reducing trend use of renewable energy will be a cost-effective mitigation strategy. The RGC can decide on an NDC scenario to be followed based on the adaptability under the environmental, cultural, economic, technical and political conditions and priorities of the country. Mitigation measures The DCC of the GSSD, supported by CCCA, have been coordinating stakeholder engagement and collecting submissions from line ministries on priorities for the NDC revision for both mitigation and adaptation activities.', 'Mitigation measures The DCC of the GSSD, supported by CCCA, have been coordinating stakeholder engagement and collecting submissions from line ministries on priorities for the NDC revision for both mitigation and adaptation activities. The template used to ensure comparability across mitigation actions is the following.', 'The template used to ensure comparability across mitigation actions is the following. Table 21 Template for ministerial submissions for Mitigation Projects Scoring Government priority: No Mitigation action Government priority GHG mitigation potential Targets Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) Finance Technology availability Gender Final score Costs Benefits1=not in line with a government priority 2= no government policy in place 3=in line with the government priorities Mitigation potential (as example) e/year Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits 2= action has many co-benefits Finance: 1= cost/benefits= negative 2= cost/benefits= positive Technology: 1= not available Gender: 1= no impact on equality, no gender inclusion possible 2= medium impact on equality, medium gender inclusion possible 3= good possibility to build equality, gender inclusion Mitigation actions were identified from the NDC related information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD).', 'Table 21 Template for ministerial submissions for Mitigation Projects Scoring Government priority: No Mitigation action Government priority GHG mitigation potential Targets Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) Finance Technology availability Gender Final score Costs Benefits1=not in line with a government priority 2= no government policy in place 3=in line with the government priorities Mitigation potential (as example) e/year Targets: 1= target is difficult to reach 2= target is easy to reach Co-benefits: 1= action does not have many co-benefits 2= action has many co-benefits Finance: 1= cost/benefits= negative 2= cost/benefits= positive Technology: 1= not available Gender: 1= no impact on equality, no gender inclusion possible 2= medium impact on equality, medium gender inclusion possible 3= good possibility to build equality, gender inclusion Mitigation actions were identified from the NDC related information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD). These projects were filtered and a list of mitigation projects was prepared.', 'These projects were filtered and a list of mitigation projects was prepared. The mitigation projects are distributed among seven mitigation sectors: energy generation, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU.', 'The mitigation projects are distributed among seven mitigation sectors: energy generation, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU. Table 22 shows the identified list.Table 22 Mitigation projects No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1,043 GgCO2 MISTI Other Industries 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Building residential Building commercial 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to MME Other Industries Building residential Building commercial 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial Other Industries 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Building residential 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources.', 'Table 22 shows the identified list.Table 22 Mitigation projects No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 1 Promote sustainable energy practices in manufacturing Food and Beverage: 1,043 GgCO2 MISTI Other Industries 2 Urban Planning Tools for Climate Change Mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities MLMUPC Building residential Building commercial 3 Application of electrical equipment’s labelling & MEPS (Lighting, Cooling & Equipment) Reduce 1.2 TWh (29.7%) of electricity use in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 4 Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries Voluntary scheme for other companies, especially for SMEs to MME Other Industries Building residential Building commercial 5 Public awareness campaigns, DTEBP-EE info centres Reduce 2% of energy consumption in 2030 MME Building residential Building commercial 6 Building codes and enforcement/certification for new buildings and those undergoing major renovation Reduce 10% of electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial 7 Introduction of efficient electrical motors and boilers Reduce 2.3% of current electricity consumption in 2030 MME Building commercial Other Industries 8 Improve sustainability of charcoal production through enforcement of regulations MME Building residential 9 Roadmap study on Integration of RE (Renewable Energy) resources. 25 % of renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME Energy generation 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill MoE Waste -MSW Agriculture - land- related 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source).', '25 % of renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030 MME Energy generation 10 New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill MoE Waste -MSW Agriculture - land- related 11 Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source). If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up to e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 MoE Waste- MSW 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill.', 'If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up to e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 MoE Waste- MSW 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.', 'MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.', 'NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed.', '90% of factories to be licensed. MoE Other Industry 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Agriculture land- related 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Agriculture land- relatedNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 28 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF Agriculture land- related 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector MISTI Wastewater 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan MLMUCP Building commercial 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia MLMUCP Building commercial 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings.', 'MoE Other Industry 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Agriculture land- related 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Agriculture land- relatedNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector 28 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission 25 provinces and cities by 2030 MAFF Agriculture land- related 29 Better management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage sector MISTI Wastewater 30 Implementation of National Cooling Action Plan MLMUCP Building commercial 31 Inclusion of performance requirements of Passive Cooling Systems in Building Energy Code of Cambodia MLMUCP Building commercial 32 Implementation of “passive cooling” measures in the cities (addressing urban heat island effect [UHIE]), public buildings and commercial buildings. MLMUCP Building commercial Source: Ministries’ submissions Table 23 FOLU targets No FOLU target Lead Ministry Sector 1 FOLU NDC Scenario 1: 60% forest cover by 2030 MAFF, Rectangular Strategy IV, INDC FOLU 2 FOLU NDC Scenario 2: Reduce 50% of historical emission REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS FOLU 3 FOLU NDC Scenario 3: INDC emission reduction (4.7 e/ha/year) INDC FOLU Source: Ministries’ submissions and REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS)']