['ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY First Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement (Unofficial translation) This First Nationally Determined Contribution was approved by Executive Decree number 310 in November 3rd of 2017, in the framework of the Paris Agreement, ratified by the Oriental Republic of Uruguay on October 19th, 2016ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY First Nationally Determined Contribution (Unofficial translation) The Nationally Determined Contribution (hereinafter NDC) aims at attending the provisions established under the Paris Agreement, as well as to promote adaptation and mitigation measures in Uruguay to face the challenge of climate change, under the National Climate Change Policy so as to contribute to the country’s sustainable development with a global perspective of intra and inter- generational equity and human rights, thus seeking a more resilient, less vulnerable society, with greater capacity to adapt to climate change and variability, and also a society that is more conscious and responsible towards the challenge of climate change, promoting a low-carbon economy, based on environmentally, socially and economically sustainable productive processes and services, by including knowledge and innovation.', 'ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY First Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement (Unofficial translation) This First Nationally Determined Contribution was approved by Executive Decree number 310 in November 3rd of 2017, in the framework of the Paris Agreement, ratified by the Oriental Republic of Uruguay on October 19th, 2016ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY First Nationally Determined Contribution (Unofficial translation) The Nationally Determined Contribution (hereinafter NDC) aims at attending the provisions established under the Paris Agreement, as well as to promote adaptation and mitigation measures in Uruguay to face the challenge of climate change, under the National Climate Change Policy so as to contribute to the country’s sustainable development with a global perspective of intra and inter- generational equity and human rights, thus seeking a more resilient, less vulnerable society, with greater capacity to adapt to climate change and variability, and also a society that is more conscious and responsible towards the challenge of climate change, promoting a low-carbon economy, based on environmentally, socially and economically sustainable productive processes and services, by including knowledge and innovation. Uruguay’s NDC includes the following sections: section one presents climate change mitigation objectives; section two presents the context and main measures that contribute to attaining mitigation objectives; section three presents the context and main measures of adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change (this section must be considered the first Adaptation Communication); section four presents the context and key measures relative to capacity building and knowledge creation on climate change; the fifth and final section includes information to provide transparency and to improve the understanding of the climate change mitigation objectives, and to facilitate monitoring their progress.', 'Uruguay’s NDC includes the following sections: section one presents climate change mitigation objectives; section two presents the context and main measures that contribute to attaining mitigation objectives; section three presents the context and main measures of adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change (this section must be considered the first Adaptation Communication); section four presents the context and key measures relative to capacity building and knowledge creation on climate change; the fifth and final section includes information to provide transparency and to improve the understanding of the climate change mitigation objectives, and to facilitate monitoring their progress. As per Paragraph 23 of the National Climate Change Policy (hereinafter PNCC), the NDC helps to implement such policy, and was prepared within the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability (hereinafter SNRCC), including its public consideration between 24th August and 24th September, 2017.', 'As per Paragraph 23 of the National Climate Change Policy (hereinafter PNCC), the NDC helps to implement such policy, and was prepared within the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability (hereinafter SNRCC), including its public consideration between 24th August and 24th September, 2017. The revised draft after the public consultation was considered by the National Environment Cabinet between 12th and 19th October, 2017. This NDC is in line with the following international and national instruments: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter the Convention), ratified by Uruguay on 18th August, 1994 and approved by Law No. 16.517 of 22nd July, 1994; the Paris Agreement, ratified by Uruguay on 19th October, 2016 and approved by Law No.', '16.517 of 22nd July, 1994; the Paris Agreement, ratified by Uruguay on 19th October, 2016 and approved by Law No. 19.439 of 17th October, 2016; the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted through Resolution 70/1 of the General Assembly of the United Nations on 25th September, 2015; the General Law on Environmental Protection No. 17.283 of 28th December, 2000; the National Climate Change Policy (hereinafter PNCC), the National Climate Change Response Plan, adopted by the Coordinating Group of the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability in January 2010; and the Constitution of the Republic and subsequent national laws: Law-Decree No.', '17.283 of 28th December, 2000; the National Climate Change Policy (hereinafter PNCC), the National Climate Change Response Plan, adopted by the Coordinating Group of the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability in January 2010; and the Constitution of the Republic and subsequent national laws: Law-Decree No. 15.239, dated 23rd December of 1981, on the Use and Conservation of Soils and Superficial Waters destined to agriculture ends; Law No. 15.939, dated December 28thof 1987 on the Forestry Fund – Natural resources; Law No. 17.234, dated February 22nd of 2000 on the creation and management of National Protected Areas System; Law No. 18.610, dated October 2nd of 2009 on the National Water Policy; Law No.', '18.610, dated October 2nd of 2009 on the National Water Policy; Law No. 18.195, dated November 14th of 2007 on the promotion, and regulation of the production, commercialization and utilization of Agrofuels; Law No. 18.308, dated June 18th of 2008 on Land-Use Planning and Sustainable Development; Law No. 18.597, dated September 21th of 2009 on Efficient Use of Energy; Law No. 18.621, dated October 25th of 2009 on the creation of a Public and Permanent National Emergency System; Law No. 19.158, dated October 25th of 2013 on the creation of the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology; Law No. 19.272, dated September 18th, 2014, on decentralization and citizen participation, and article 33 of Law No.', '19.272, dated September 18th, 2014, on decentralization and citizen participation, and article 33 of Law No. 19.355 of 2015, dated December 19th, 2015, on the establishment of the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Office.Section I Climate change mitigation objectives Hereby Uruguay’s climate change 2025 mitigation objectives. These objectives are considered fair and ambitious considering that Uruguay is a developing country; the particularities of the country’s Greenhouse Gases (hereinafter GHG) emissions, which mainly come from food production; the country’s share of global emissions (0.05% of global emissions)1, as well as its historical participation. Mitigation objectives are set assuming that there will be no structural transformations of the current production matrix in Uruguay and considering official economic growth projections for the 2017-2025 period. I.i.', 'Mitigation objectives are set assuming that there will be no structural transformations of the current production matrix in Uruguay and considering official economic growth projections for the 2017-2025 period. I.i. Global objectives for GHG emissions intensity regarding the evolution of the economy: They cover 99.4% of the GHG emissions of the 2012 National Greenhouse Gases Emissions Inventory (hereinafter NGHGI 2012), I.ii.', 'Global objectives for GHG emissions intensity regarding the evolution of the economy: They cover 99.4% of the GHG emissions of the 2012 National Greenhouse Gases Emissions Inventory (hereinafter NGHGI 2012), I.ii. Specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production: They cover 51.1% of GHG emissions (AR2 GWP100) for NGHGI 2012: GHG 2025 mitigation objectives Food production activity Intensity reduction (GHG emissions per product unit) from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation in CH4 emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) in CH4 emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) Beef Production 33.6% of GHG emissions, NGHGI O in N2O emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) in N2O emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) Beef Production 17.5% of GHG emissions, NGHGI I.iii.', 'Specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production: They cover 51.1% of GHG emissions (AR2 GWP100) for NGHGI 2012: GHG 2025 mitigation objectives Food production activity Intensity reduction (GHG emissions per product unit) from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation in CH4 emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) in CH4 emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) Beef Production 33.6% of GHG emissions, NGHGI O in N2O emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) in N2O emissions intensity per product unit (kg of beef cattle measured in live weight) Beef Production 17.5% of GHG emissions, NGHGI I.iii. Specific objectives for the LULUCF sector: The Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector presented net removals in NGHGIs between 1998 and 2012.', 'Specific objectives for the LULUCF sector: The Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector presented net removals in NGHGIs between 1998 and 2012. 1 Convention Secretariat: Annex I to COP 21 unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 GHG 2025 mitigation objectives NGHGI sectors (except LULUCF) Intensity reduction (GHG emissions per GDP unit) from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation in CO2 emissions intensity per GDP unit in CO2 emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, including Transport, and Industrial Processes 22.2% of GHG emissions, in CH4 emissions intensity per GDP unit in CH4 emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, Agriculture, including Cattle Raising, Waste and Industrial Processes 43.2% of GHG emissions, O in N2O emissions intensity per GDP unit in N2O emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, Agriculture, including Cattle Raising, Waste and Industrial Processes 34.0% of GHG emissions,GHG Carbon pools/ Land use categories 2025 Mitigation Objectives Conservation of stocks Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Living Biomass in Forest Lands Maintenance of 100% of the native forest area of year 2012 in the native forest area of year At least maintenance of 100% of the amount of forest plantations effective area under management of year --- Maintenance of 100% of the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012 in the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012, including silvopastoral systems Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Grasslands, Peatlands and Croplands emissions from SOC in 10% of the grasslands area emissions from SOC in 30% of the grasslands area (3.000.000 ha) emissions from SOC in 50% of the peatlands area of emissions from SOC in 100% of the peatlands area of year 2016 (8.366 ha) emissions from SOC in 75% of the cropland area under Plans of Soil Use and Management of year 2016 (1.147.000 ha), as well as CO2 sequestration in the remaining 25% of the area (383.000 ha) --- I.iv.', '1 Convention Secretariat: Annex I to COP 21 unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30 GHG 2025 mitigation objectives NGHGI sectors (except LULUCF) Intensity reduction (GHG emissions per GDP unit) from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation in CO2 emissions intensity per GDP unit in CO2 emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, including Transport, and Industrial Processes 22.2% of GHG emissions, in CH4 emissions intensity per GDP unit in CH4 emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, Agriculture, including Cattle Raising, Waste and Industrial Processes 43.2% of GHG emissions, O in N2O emissions intensity per GDP unit in N2O emissions intensity per GDP unit Energy, Agriculture, including Cattle Raising, Waste and Industrial Processes 34.0% of GHG emissions,GHG Carbon pools/ Land use categories 2025 Mitigation Objectives Conservation of stocks Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Living Biomass in Forest Lands Maintenance of 100% of the native forest area of year 2012 in the native forest area of year At least maintenance of 100% of the amount of forest plantations effective area under management of year --- Maintenance of 100% of the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012 in the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012, including silvopastoral systems Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Grasslands, Peatlands and Croplands emissions from SOC in 10% of the grasslands area emissions from SOC in 30% of the grasslands area (3.000.000 ha) emissions from SOC in 50% of the peatlands area of emissions from SOC in 100% of the peatlands area of year 2016 (8.366 ha) emissions from SOC in 75% of the cropland area under Plans of Soil Use and Management of year 2016 (1.147.000 ha), as well as CO2 sequestration in the remaining 25% of the area (383.000 ha) --- I.iv. On climate change mitigation objectives: Uruguay presents global 2025 climate change mitigation objectives of its NDC regarding intensity in relation to its gross domestic product and to base year 1990.', 'On climate change mitigation objectives: Uruguay presents global 2025 climate change mitigation objectives of its NDC regarding intensity in relation to its gross domestic product and to base year 1990. It also includes specific objectives related to Food Production (beef) and Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). It also distinguishes between unconditional objectives and objectives which are conditional on additional specific means of implementation. These objectives cover 99.4% of the GHG emissions of the National Greenhouse Gases Emissions Inventory (hereinafter NGHGI 2012), according to AR2 GWP100; NGHGI 2012 is the latest inventory available and submitted to the Convention.', 'These objectives cover 99.4% of the GHG emissions of the National Greenhouse Gases Emissions Inventory (hereinafter NGHGI 2012), according to AR2 GWP100; NGHGI 2012 is the latest inventory available and submitted to the Convention. When analyzing the mitigation objectives in this NDC, it must be considered that Uruguay is a developing country with an economy that must continue growing to create more opportunities to its inhabitants; a country that must continue fighting against poverty and indigence, as well as building a higher level of social equity, all of which must be done over time with less than a proportional impact on the climate system.', 'When analyzing the mitigation objectives in this NDC, it must be considered that Uruguay is a developing country with an economy that must continue growing to create more opportunities to its inhabitants; a country that must continue fighting against poverty and indigence, as well as building a higher level of social equity, all of which must be done over time with less than a proportional impact on the climate system. Uruguay s contribution to the last objective of the Convention and to the objective of the Paris Agreement focuses on developing with the least GHG emission intensity as possible, “decarbonizing” its economy over time and also adapting by reducing its vulnerability and increasing its resilience, all of which should be done in a way that does not threaten food production.', 'Uruguay s contribution to the last objective of the Convention and to the objective of the Paris Agreement focuses on developing with the least GHG emission intensity as possible, “decarbonizing” its economy over time and also adapting by reducing its vulnerability and increasing its resilience, all of which should be done in a way that does not threaten food production. Uruguay has decided to present mitigation contribution objectives broken down per gas, given how relevant the discussion on common metrics2 can be when allocating priorities for the country s mitigation strategies, since Uruguay’s emission profile is strongly determined by non-CO2 GHG emissions.', 'Uruguay has decided to present mitigation contribution objectives broken down per gas, given how relevant the discussion on common metrics2 can be when allocating priorities for the country s mitigation strategies, since Uruguay’s emission profile is strongly determined by non-CO2 GHG emissions. This decision considers 2 The common metrics are the numerical coefficients used to convert non-CO2 GHG into its CO2 equivalent.what was indicated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (hereinafter IPCC) in 20143: “the GWP metric is not directly related to a temperature limit, as the 2°C target., whereas other metrics like the GTP may be more suitable for this purpose”, thus calling upon further debate on the implications of the different metrics and “to define metrics that can be useful to users and policymakers”.', 'This decision considers 2 The common metrics are the numerical coefficients used to convert non-CO2 GHG into its CO2 equivalent.what was indicated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (hereinafter IPCC) in 20143: “the GWP metric is not directly related to a temperature limit, as the 2°C target., whereas other metrics like the GTP may be more suitable for this purpose”, thus calling upon further debate on the implications of the different metrics and “to define metrics that can be useful to users and policymakers”. Furthermore, this way to present the contribution objectives also considers that the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (hereinafter CMA) has yet to approve the common metrics assessed by the IPCC, to be used for accounting of GHG emissions and removals in the NDC under the Paris Agreement.', 'Furthermore, this way to present the contribution objectives also considers that the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (hereinafter CMA) has yet to approve the common metrics assessed by the IPCC, to be used for accounting of GHG emissions and removals in the NDC under the Paris Agreement. Global climate change mitigation objectives include all the emitting sectors in the NGHGI 2012, such as the Energy Sector (which represents 95% of the CO2 emissions), which includes Transport; Industrial Processes; the Agriculture Sector (which represents 93.4% of CH4 emissions and 98.7% of N2O emissions), which includes cattle raising, and the Waste Sector.', 'Global climate change mitigation objectives include all the emitting sectors in the NGHGI 2012, such as the Energy Sector (which represents 95% of the CO2 emissions), which includes Transport; Industrial Processes; the Agriculture Sector (which represents 93.4% of CH4 emissions and 98.7% of N2O emissions), which includes cattle raising, and the Waste Sector. It should be noted that Uruguay has already made progress in the reduction of GHG emission intensity regarding GDP in all these sectors, and in some cases there have been absolute reductions, as in power generation and also afforestation. Uruguay’s emission profile is strongly marked by food production: using AR2 GWP100, according to NGHGI 2012, 73.8% of the total emissions correspond to the agricultural sector: two thirds of which correspond to beef production.', 'Uruguay’s emission profile is strongly marked by food production: using AR2 GWP100, according to NGHGI 2012, 73.8% of the total emissions correspond to the agricultural sector: two thirds of which correspond to beef production. That is why Uruguay has a specific emission intensity objective in relation to unit produced, in this case, amount of beef cattle produced (measured as kg of live weight of beef cattle). Uruguay also presents a set of objectives for the LULUCF sector. The country has proposed to preserve the existing carbon stocks in the native forest by maintaining its area. Similarly, regarding forest plantations, a minimum forested effective area under management is set, which the country will preserve regardless production cycle fluctuations.', 'Similarly, regarding forest plantations, a minimum forested effective area under management is set, which the country will preserve regardless production cycle fluctuations. By setting an objective on the stock, we can assume a contribution that may represent progress regarding the previous NDC, in a sector that is inherently limited for such progress, from the traditional flow approach. The shade and shelter forest plantations area is to be maintained as well, including silvopastoral systems, with the aim of preserving carbon stocks in these areas.', 'The shade and shelter forest plantations area is to be maintained as well, including silvopastoral systems, with the aim of preserving carbon stocks in these areas. Finally, there are objectives regarding the maintenance of soil organic carbon; in grasslands under good land-management practices, in peatlands and in the agricultural area under Plans for Soil Use and Management, required by law since 2013, including sequestration when there are crops in rotation with long-cycle pastures. As mentioned, the objectives submitted by Uruguay are set unconditionally and conditional on additional specific means of implementation the country may receive, through funding, technology development and transfer and capacity building.', 'As mentioned, the objectives submitted by Uruguay are set unconditionally and conditional on additional specific means of implementation the country may receive, through funding, technology development and transfer and capacity building. Mitigation measures which the country plans to develop subject to the support available are presented later in the document, as well as a list of the main adaptation measures to take in parallel with mitigation ones, promoting synergy between the two, as appropriate. It should also be noted that it is essential to have support to fully implement these adaptation measures. Finally, cross-cutting measures are included regarding knowledge and capacity-building. 3 IPCC, AR5, 8.7.1.6.Section II Context and main measures towards climate change mitigation objectives II.i.', '3 IPCC, AR5, 8.7.1.6.Section II Context and main measures towards climate change mitigation objectives II.i. Context of mitigation in Uruguay per gas and NGHGI sectors Uruguay seeks a sustainable development process, where economic growth decouples from GHG emissions. In this sense, it must be noted that for the last 12 years (2005 – 2016) Uruguay has grown at an average annual rate of 4.6%. During this period, energy demand from the industrial sector quadrupled and food production was three and a half times greater. This growth brought along a significant decline in poverty rates, from 39.9% to 9.4%, while extreme poverty was virtually eradicated, dropping from 4.7% to 0.2%, reaching a Gini Index of 0.38.', 'This growth brought along a significant decline in poverty rates, from 39.9% to 9.4%, while extreme poverty was virtually eradicated, dropping from 4.7% to 0.2%, reaching a Gini Index of 0.38. Emissions had a 0.8% cumulative annual increase between 1990 and 2012 (last NGHGI available, including LULUCF and AR2 GWP100). Uruguay’s dynamic growth was possible then, with a reduction of the aggregate intensity of emissions throughout its economy, with a reduction in absolute emissions in some key activities such as power generation, mainly thanks to the alignment of national public policies related to climate change, sub-national and sectoral public policies, and actions taken by the private sector, the academia and the civil society.', 'Uruguay’s dynamic growth was possible then, with a reduction of the aggregate intensity of emissions throughout its economy, with a reduction in absolute emissions in some key activities such as power generation, mainly thanks to the alignment of national public policies related to climate change, sub-national and sectoral public policies, and actions taken by the private sector, the academia and the civil society. This was strengthened after creating an institutional framework for climate change, through the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability4 (hereinafter SNRCC) and the recent creation of the National Environmental System; the National Environmental Cabinet and the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Secretariat, as well as with the development of instruments such as the National Climate Change Response Plan in 2010 and the implementation of a series of specific successful sectoral policies.', 'This was strengthened after creating an institutional framework for climate change, through the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability4 (hereinafter SNRCC) and the recent creation of the National Environmental System; the National Environmental Cabinet and the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Secretariat, as well as with the development of instruments such as the National Climate Change Response Plan in 2010 and the implementation of a series of specific successful sectoral policies. These efforts came together in the development and recent adoption in April 2017 of the National Climate Change Policy, a strategic and programmatic instrument that provides the framework to this first NDC and the subsequent NDCs to be submitted in five-year cycles.', 'These efforts came together in the development and recent adoption in April 2017 of the National Climate Change Policy, a strategic and programmatic instrument that provides the framework to this first NDC and the subsequent NDCs to be submitted in five-year cycles. As mentioned above, to contribute to the implementation of a new model of resilient and low-carbon development, Uruguay has enforced in the past few years an ambitious set of early measures, particularly in several key sectors. This was made possible by a large volume of investments promoted by public policies. For example, in the energy sector, the matrix transformation was possible through a public-private investment accumulated for several years, which reached, on average, 3% of the GDP per year.', 'For example, in the energy sector, the matrix transformation was possible through a public-private investment accumulated for several years, which reached, on average, 3% of the GDP per year. The State also contributed to reducing the emissions of the economy by granting tax benefits to investments in low-carbon production capacities, like afforestation. In this sector, half the plantation costs were subsidized for almost 15 years. Additionally, renewable energy projects were supported under the investment promotion system. In addition, in the cattle raising sector, dairy farming and rice production, public policies fostered large investments and technological changes. This allowed for an increase in productivity and a reduction in emission intensity per unit produced.', 'This allowed for an increase in productivity and a reduction in emission intensity per unit produced. Uruguay’s production and economic growth mentioned above were strengthened by the increase in agro- industrial production, which covers 70% of exports (through which Uruguay currently produces food for 28 million people), and by the important growth of other new industries and services, such as energy, tourism and new technologies. Uruguay takes the opportunity and accepts the challenge to continue expanding its food production levels through reliable and environmentally sustainable food for a growing population, so it understands its role in safeguarding food security in line with the Paris Agreement.', 'Uruguay takes the opportunity and accepts the challenge to continue expanding its food production levels through reliable and environmentally sustainable food for a growing population, so it understands its role in safeguarding food security in line with the Paris Agreement. 4 The SNRCC operates at charge of the Ministry of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment (MVOTMA) and has two areas of work: the Coordination Group and the Advisory Committee. The MVOTMA chairs the Coordination Group, and the Vice-chairs are the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries and the Budgeting and Planning Office.', 'The MVOTMA chairs the Coordination Group, and the Vice-chairs are the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries and the Budgeting and Planning Office. The Coordination Group is also formed by the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Economy and Finances, the Mayors Congress and the National Emergency System. Current or former guests to the Coordination Group are: the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic, the Ministry of Social Development, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology and the Uruguayan International Cooperation Agency.', 'Current or former guests to the Coordination Group are: the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic, the Ministry of Social Development, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology and the Uruguayan International Cooperation Agency. The Advisory Committee is organized into working groups involving experts from the agencies members of the coordination group, the academia, the private sector and the organized civil society.Below, a brief description of the recent evolution of the NGHGI sectors is provided followed by the mitigation measures already implemented and those in progress, as well as the 2025 ambition levels for each of the objectives mentioned in the previous section.', 'The Advisory Committee is organized into working groups involving experts from the agencies members of the coordination group, the academia, the private sector and the organized civil society.Below, a brief description of the recent evolution of the NGHGI sectors is provided followed by the mitigation measures already implemented and those in progress, as well as the 2025 ambition levels for each of the objectives mentioned in the previous section. It should be noted that in addition to the specific mitigation measures implemented and those in progress in emitting sectors, the dynamic performance of the national economy in sectors with lower emissions, such as services and other capturing activities like afforestation, have led to the decoupling of economic growth and GHG emissions.', 'It should be noted that in addition to the specific mitigation measures implemented and those in progress in emitting sectors, the dynamic performance of the national economy in sectors with lower emissions, such as services and other capturing activities like afforestation, have led to the decoupling of economic growth and GHG emissions. On CO2 emissions According to NGHGI 2012, CO2 emissions, excluding the LULUCF sector, account for 22% of the total emissions of the NGHGI (AR2 GWP100). Furthermore, the energy sector represented 95% (8,199 Gg) of the total CO2 emissions in Uruguay, including transport, while the remaining 5% (420 Gg) is generated in the industrial processes sector. On the other hand, the LULUCF sector captured 2,126 net Gg through the increase in the forest plantations area.', 'On the other hand, the LULUCF sector captured 2,126 net Gg through the increase in the forest plantations area. Regarding emissions from power generation, within the “2005-2030 Energy Policy” Uruguay has made a great effort to attain a clean energy matrix, reaching 57% of renewable sources in the primary energy mix in 2015. This ratio was 90% for the total energy consumed by the industrial sector, and 92% for power generation (National Energy Balance 2015, Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining). According to the Agrofuels Law, Uruguay has set forward a compulsory minimum level of biodiesel and bioethanol (both entirely produced in the country) to be used in the gasoline and diesel mixtures sold in the country for motor vehicles.', 'According to the Agrofuels Law, Uruguay has set forward a compulsory minimum level of biodiesel and bioethanol (both entirely produced in the country) to be used in the gasoline and diesel mixtures sold in the country for motor vehicles. On the other hand, early actions to decarbonize power generation allow for the opportunity to reduce emissions in the transport sector by incorporating electric vehicles, noting that transportation accounted for 55% of emissions from the Energy Sector in 2015. Thus, in order to promote sustainable mobility systems, measures have been taken to foster electrification, both in public transport (buses and taxis) and in utility and private vehicles.', 'Thus, in order to promote sustainable mobility systems, measures have been taken to foster electrification, both in public transport (buses and taxis) and in utility and private vehicles. In this sense, the implementation of measures that aim to improve urban mobility management is also considered, in particular, those measures that target public transport to help increase its use and to promote active transportation. Thanks to early measures, total emissions from the energy sector in relation to the country’s GDP are very low compared to the world average. In 2015, the intensity of emissions in the sector was 119g CO2/USD, a third of the world intensity5, even far below the average for OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).', 'In 2015, the intensity of emissions in the sector was 119g CO2/USD, a third of the world intensity5, even far below the average for OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). The structural transformation of the power generation matrix will allow the country to halve absolute emissions in 2017 compared to 1990, although power consumption has almost tripled. This reduction will be achieved by the implementation of measures that promote non-traditional renewable sources (wind, solar, biomass residues) in addition to traditional hydropower. In addition to the powerful measures that favor the inclusion of renewable energies, Uruguay will contribute to the reduction of emissions by implementing measures to promote energy efficiency in the residential, industrial and transport areas.', 'In addition to the powerful measures that favor the inclusion of renewable energies, Uruguay will contribute to the reduction of emissions by implementing measures to promote energy efficiency in the residential, industrial and transport areas. Specifically, the country is developing regulations and incentives that promote construction materials that favor energy efficiency, as well as the use of energy-efficient lighting and the implementation of changes in public transport. This context enables Uruguay to contribute towards 2025 with an unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (CO2 emissions per GDP unit) of 24% compared to 1990 values. It also allows the country to aspire to a 29% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025.', 'It also allows the country to aspire to a 29% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025. On CH4 emissions According to NGHGI 2012, CH4 emissions account for 43% of the total emissions of the NGHGI (AR2 GWP100). Additionally, 93% (746 Gg) of total CH4 emissions in Uruguay were generated in the Agriculture sector, while the Waste sector accounted for 6% (47 Gg) of emissions, and the Energy sector for the remaining 1% (6 Gg). In the Agriculture sector, beef production accounted for 83% (622 Gg), which represented 78% of the total CH4 emissions.', 'In the Agriculture sector, beef production accounted for 83% (622 Gg), which represented 78% of the total CH4 emissions. emissions from the energy sector regarding Gross World Product.Given the relevance of emissions in beef production, as they are of biological origin, and as, under the Paris Agreement, Uruguay must mitigate climate change in a way that does not threaten food production, the national challenge focuses on reducing emission intensity per unit produced, and that is why Uruguay presents a specific indicator. In this sense, in the last 25 years Uruguay has significantly reduced the intensity of emissions in beef production.', 'In this sense, in the last 25 years Uruguay has significantly reduced the intensity of emissions in beef production. This evolution is explained by the increase in productivity thanks to the national and international economic contexts and the implementation of public policies that supported the private sector in the process of adopting productivity enhancing technologies. These actions have been reinforced since 2010 with the implementation of the Climate-Smart Agricultural Policy.', 'These actions have been reinforced since 2010 with the implementation of the Climate-Smart Agricultural Policy. It is particularly worth noting those actions that seek to promote the adoption of technologies for forage management in the phases of cattle breeding and raising, based on natural grasslands feeding, as well as cattle management measures, which improve the efficiency of beef production and, at the same time, eliminate carbon loss from soils, and can increase its stocks. Given the importance of the emissions from cattle raising activities, the increase in meat production in the country has been achieved up to the present with a very slight increase in total emissions in this sector.', 'Given the importance of the emissions from cattle raising activities, the increase in meat production in the country has been achieved up to the present with a very slight increase in total emissions in this sector. In future, we could consider the ambitious objective that methane and nitrous oxide emissions become stable or even fall, as productivity increases will improve herd efficiency, and to achieve the improvement of key parameters to control emissions, such as improvement in the average quality of the diet based on natural grasslands (higher mean digestibility) and a reduction in the methane emission rate per unit of food ingested (Ym) of around 15%.', 'In future, we could consider the ambitious objective that methane and nitrous oxide emissions become stable or even fall, as productivity increases will improve herd efficiency, and to achieve the improvement of key parameters to control emissions, such as improvement in the average quality of the diet based on natural grasslands (higher mean digestibility) and a reduction in the methane emission rate per unit of food ingested (Ym) of around 15%. Regarding the remaining agricultural activities included in the agricultural sector, that accounted for 16% (128 Gg) of total CH4 emissions according to NGHGI 2012 INGEI, they have declined in terms of intensity (emissions measured in terms of GDP) in the past 25 years through the implementation of practices that improved productivity and the public policies mentioned above.', 'Regarding the remaining agricultural activities included in the agricultural sector, that accounted for 16% (128 Gg) of total CH4 emissions according to NGHGI 2012 INGEI, they have declined in terms of intensity (emissions measured in terms of GDP) in the past 25 years through the implementation of practices that improved productivity and the public policies mentioned above. In the Waste sector, the relative reduction of emissions has taken place through measures that enable the capture and burning of CH4 in landfills (in some cases with power generation) and cogeneration from agroindustrial and forestry waste, as well as by the promotion of industrial wastewater treatment systems that consider the capture and burning of biogas in anaerobic systems.', 'In the Waste sector, the relative reduction of emissions has taken place through measures that enable the capture and burning of CH4 in landfills (in some cases with power generation) and cogeneration from agroindustrial and forestry waste, as well as by the promotion of industrial wastewater treatment systems that consider the capture and burning of biogas in anaerobic systems. This context enables Uruguay to contribute towards 2025 with an unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (CH4 emissions per GDP unit) of 57% compared to 1990 values. It also allows the country to aspire to a 59% mitigation objective, conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025.', 'It also allows the country to aspire to a 59% mitigation objective, conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025. Regarding beef production emissions, Uruguay will have a 2025 unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (CH4 emissions per unit of beef cattle produced, measured in kg of live weight) of 32% compared to 1990 values. It also allows Uruguay to aspire to a 37% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025. On N2O emissions According to NGHGI 2012, N2O emissions account for 34% of the total emissions of the NGHGI (AR2 GWP100).', 'On N2O emissions According to NGHGI 2012, N2O emissions account for 34% of the total emissions of the NGHGI (AR2 GWP100). Additionally, 98% (42 Gg) of total N2O emissions in Uruguay were generated in the Agriculture sector, while the Waste sector accounted for 1% (0.4 Gg) of emissions, and the Energy sector for the remaining 0.6% (0.3 Gg). In the Agriculture sector, beef production accounted for 52% (22 Gg), which represented 51% of the total N2O emissions. For the same reasons stated above for CH emissions in beef production, efforts to mitigate N O emissions generated by this activity have focused on the reduction of emission intensity per kilogram of live cattle produced.', 'For the same reasons stated above for CH emissions in beef production, efforts to mitigate N O emissions generated by this activity have focused on the reduction of emission intensity per kilogram of live cattle produced. Regarding the remaining agricultural activities included in the Agriculture sector, which accounted for 47% (20 Gg) of the total N2O emissions according to NGHGI 2012, they have declined in terms of intensity (measured in terms of GDP) due to an increase in productivity and to soybean crop advance, since as a leguminous species it requires lower nitrogen fertilization.This context enables Uruguay to contribute towards 2025 with an unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (N2O emissions per GDP unit) of 48% compared to 1990 values.', 'Regarding the remaining agricultural activities included in the Agriculture sector, which accounted for 47% (20 Gg) of the total N2O emissions according to NGHGI 2012, they have declined in terms of intensity (measured in terms of GDP) due to an increase in productivity and to soybean crop advance, since as a leguminous species it requires lower nitrogen fertilization.This context enables Uruguay to contribute towards 2025 with an unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (N2O emissions per GDP unit) of 48% compared to 1990 values. It also allows the country to aspire to a 52% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025.', 'It also allows the country to aspire to a 52% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025. Regarding beef production emissions, Uruguay will have a 2025 specific unconditional mitigation objective for an intensity reduction (N2O emissions per unit produced, measured as kg of live weight of beef cattle) of 34% compared to 1990 values. It also allows Uruguay to aspire to a 38% mitigation objective conditional on additional and specific means of implementation by 2025. On the conservation of carbon stocks According to NGHGI 2012, the LULUCF sector sequestered 2,126 net Gg of CO2 in living biomass. This capture is explained by the increase in the forest plantations area, by the age structure of the plantations and by the logging shifts.', 'This capture is explained by the increase in the forest plantations area, by the age structure of the plantations and by the logging shifts. Native forest: Native forests cover 4.8% of the national territory, where logging is prohibited as per the Forest Act (with a few exceptions specified in the law). Jointly with the tax exemption incentives for areas with native forests registered before the General Forest Directorate, this has made it possible to preserve the area of this ecosystem and Uruguay will be able to achieve the unconditional objective set to preserve 100% of the current area of native forest.', 'Jointly with the tax exemption incentives for areas with native forests registered before the General Forest Directorate, this has made it possible to preserve the area of this ecosystem and Uruguay will be able to achieve the unconditional objective set to preserve 100% of the current area of native forest. However, in the last few years degradation processes in native forests in the country have been identified, issues which will be addressed through the REDD+ strategy under elaboration in Uruguay. Therefore, within this strategy, the country expects not only to increase carbon stocks through the restoration of degraded areas, but also to identify opportunities to enhance carbon stocks by increasing the area of native forests.', 'Therefore, within this strategy, the country expects not only to increase carbon stocks through the restoration of degraded areas, but also to identify opportunities to enhance carbon stocks by increasing the area of native forests. This explains the conditional objective that Uruguay has defined for native forests, that is to say that with additional specific means of implementation, an increase of 5% in area is expected for 2025. Forest plantations: The area of forest plantations has increased significantly in Uruguay, as a result of the adoption and implementation of the Forest Act. This has directly influenced Uruguay s GHG inventory, and forest plantations accounts for most of the CO2 removals from the LULUCF sector.', 'This has directly influenced Uruguay s GHG inventory, and forest plantations accounts for most of the CO2 removals from the LULUCF sector. To set the objective related to forest plantations, the country has defined a minimum amount of area that will remain as effective area under forest management in the successive NDCs, regardless of the planting, growing and harvesting cycles, preserving 100% of the effective area of 763,070 ha of 2015. This area represents a carbon stock of 32,153 Gg of C, which is equivalent to around 117,894 Gg CO , which corresponds to 3.3 years of average emissions in Uruguay between 1990 and 2012 with GWP metric.', 'This area represents a carbon stock of 32,153 Gg of C, which is equivalent to around 117,894 Gg CO , which corresponds to 3.3 years of average emissions in Uruguay between 1990 and 2012 with GWP metric. Furthermore, for 2025 a net sequestration (emissions minus removals) of 2,853 Gg of CO2 emissions is estimated, as compared to the 1990-1994 period, when there was no capture, but rather an average of 214 Gg of CO2 was released. In this sense, the forestry sector reflects a sustained increase in carbon stocks in biomass, which will continue to expand in the estimate for 2025.', 'In this sense, the forestry sector reflects a sustained increase in carbon stocks in biomass, which will continue to expand in the estimate for 2025. Uruguay is also working technically to report the harvested wood products carbon pool for subsequent NGHGIs, which better represents the emission flows of the harvest of forest plantations. Depending on the purpose, paper or wood for the mechanical processing industry, emissions deferred between 2 and 35 years can be considered. Shade and shelter forest plantations, including silvopastoral systems: Given the importance of livestock production in Uruguay, the area of shelter and shade forest plantations that support this production and provide well-being to the animals are essential in the country.', 'Shade and shelter forest plantations, including silvopastoral systems: Given the importance of livestock production in Uruguay, the area of shelter and shade forest plantations that support this production and provide well-being to the animals are essential in the country. This is why Uruguay’s unconditional objective is to keep 100% of the current area of shelter and shade forest plantations for 2025, thus preserving the carbon stock in these areas. In addition, subject to additional means of implementation, the country aims to increase by almost 10,000 hectares the area of shelter and shade forest plantations for livestock and in almost 10,000 hectares the area of silvopastoral systems, which will represent an additional sequestration of 393 Gg of CO2 per year.', 'In addition, subject to additional means of implementation, the country aims to increase by almost 10,000 hectares the area of shelter and shade forest plantations for livestock and in almost 10,000 hectares the area of silvopastoral systems, which will represent an additional sequestration of 393 Gg of CO2 per year. Grasslands: A transformational change is being promoted in the management of natural grasslands through a newparadigm that consists in adjusting the supply of forage, regenerative management and management of nitrogen inputs and outputs. Therefore, for 2025, Uruguay has set the unconditional objective of having 1,000,000 ha of natural grasslands (10% of grassland area) managed under this new paradigm, which stop losing soil organic carbon and can sequester carbon.', 'Therefore, for 2025, Uruguay has set the unconditional objective of having 1,000,000 ha of natural grasslands (10% of grassland area) managed under this new paradigm, which stop losing soil organic carbon and can sequester carbon. With additional specific means of implementation, the area of natural grasslands under this new paradigm will be of 3,000,000 ha (30% of the total area of grassland). Uruguay has not enough national research on carbon sequestration rates in soils by changing the management practices of grasslands. This is why Uruguay has set a conservative target for 2025, which implies that in the grasslands in which practices are changed, carbon is no longer lost.', 'This is why Uruguay has set a conservative target for 2025, which implies that in the grasslands in which practices are changed, carbon is no longer lost. Research is being conducted to calibrate the tools to accurately report the actual changes in this carbon “pool” as soon as possible in the NGHGI, and at least at the time of checking the objectives of this NDC. Peatlands: By developing a National Wetlands Inventory to identify and define the different categories of wetlands according to the categories of the Ramsar Convention, it has been observed that wetlands occupy 12% of the national territory (over 2 million ha). Within that area, we have identified 8,366 ha of peatlands that contain accumulated carbon in the peat.', 'Within that area, we have identified 8,366 ha of peatlands that contain accumulated carbon in the peat. Currently we lack the characterization needed to estimate the carbon stock contained in that peatland area. Therefore research will be conducted to obtain such quantification. Peatlands identified in Uruguay are mainly within the Ramsar East Wetlands site (which covers over 430,000 ha). Therefore, through activities that promote the conservation and rational use of wetlands within the implementation of the Ramsar Convention, Uruguay will maintain at least 50% of the peatlands area without additional means of implementation; a 100% can be achieved in a conditional scenario, with greater resources for the management of this area.', 'Therefore, through activities that promote the conservation and rational use of wetlands within the implementation of the Ramsar Convention, Uruguay will maintain at least 50% of the peatlands area without additional means of implementation; a 100% can be achieved in a conditional scenario, with greater resources for the management of this area. Croplands: An objective is presented for soil organic carbon: virtually all (98%) the agricultural area of cereals and oilseeds in the country is under Land-Use and Management Plans, required by law from 2013. These plans are based on the use of soil by its capacity for use.', 'These plans are based on the use of soil by its capacity for use. In average terms, this resulted in 90% of agriculture activities being performed through no-till farming, no bare soils remaining (without stubble), mainly in winter, as winter, cover and services crops cover 98% of the soybean area. There has been an estimated 30% increase in the yearly area planted with summer C4 grasses (sorghum and maize) or that goes to the pastures cycle. These management practices minimize losses and/or increase soil organic carbon stocks.', 'These management practices minimize losses and/or increase soil organic carbon stocks. In this sense, it is set that soil organic carbon is to be preserved in 75% of the croplands area and, conservatively, , that organic carbon in the soil will be sequestered in 25% of the area under crop – sown pastures rotations at an estimated rate of 0.2 ton/ha/year in the soils.II.ii.', 'In this sense, it is set that soil organic carbon is to be preserved in 75% of the croplands area and, conservatively, , that organic carbon in the soil will be sequestered in 25% of the area under crop – sown pastures rotations at an estimated rate of 0.2 ton/ha/year in the soils.II.ii. Main mitigation measures being implemented and to be implemented to contribute to achieving unconditional objectives Hereby a list of measures to mitigate climate change that Uruguay is implementing and will implement to contribute to the achievement of the mitigation objectives set out in this NDC: Main mitigation measures being implemented and to be implemented to contribute to achieving the unconditional mitigation objectives included in Uruguay’s NDC Measures marked with an asterisk (*) also have effects on adaptation.', 'Main mitigation measures being implemented and to be implemented to contribute to achieving unconditional objectives Hereby a list of measures to mitigate climate change that Uruguay is implementing and will implement to contribute to the achievement of the mitigation objectives set out in this NDC: Main mitigation measures being implemented and to be implemented to contribute to achieving the unconditional mitigation objectives included in Uruguay’s NDC Measures marked with an asterisk (*) also have effects on adaptation. Energy Sector (relative to paragraph 18 of the PNCC) Power generation from wind energy: 1,450 MW of installed power by 2025 (32% of the installed power from the National Grid System - SIN) (*).', 'Energy Sector (relative to paragraph 18 of the PNCC) Power generation from wind energy: 1,450 MW of installed power by 2025 (32% of the installed power from the National Grid System - SIN) (*). Power generation from solar energy: 220 MW of installed power by 2025 (5% of the installed power from the SIN) (*). Power generation from biomass energy: 160 MW of installed power to deliver to the power grid by 2025 (4% of the installed power from the SIN) (*). Power generation from biomass energy: 250 MW of installed power for self-consumption by the private -industrial sector by 2025, including 10 MW of microgeneration (*).', 'Power generation from biomass energy: 250 MW of installed power for self-consumption by the private -industrial sector by 2025, including 10 MW of microgeneration (*). Start of the ring closure of the high-voltage power supply network throughout the country to support decentralized electrical power generation from renewable sources: 207 km installed by 2025 (*). Use of solar collectors for domestic hot water in large users, industrial and residential users: 50 MWth of installed capacity for 2025 (*). Implementation of a residential area pilot plan of smart grids, replacing 100,000 electricity meters by smart meters by 2025 (*).', 'Implementation of a residential area pilot plan of smart grids, replacing 100,000 electricity meters by smart meters by 2025 (*). Implementation of the 2024 Energy Efficiency Plan, which includes, among others, the following measures: - Replacement of current equipment with efficient equipment: 4 million incandescent light bulbs replaced in the residential sector, and 30% of LED lights in public lighting by 2025 (*). - Mandatory energy-efficiency labeling in household devices by 2025: lamps, water heaters, air conditioners and refrigerators (*). - Regulation of energy-efficiency labeling in new homes and buildings by 2025 (*). - Implementation of the Pilot Program for the Improvement of Energy Efficiency in housing, in Montevideo (*). - Implementation of Energy Efficiency Certificates in all consumer sectors.', '- Implementation of Energy Efficiency Certificates in all consumer sectors. Its monetary value will be determined by annual targets and funding available, which includes at least 0.13% of the previous year total energy sales. Energy Sector - Transport (relative to paragraph 17 of the PNCC) Adoption of biofuels: 5% bioethanol blended with gasoline, and 5% biodiesel blended in diesel fuel. Implementation of mandatory labeling of energy efficiency in light combustion engine vehicles by 2025. Introduction of electric vehicles in public transport: 15 buses and 150 taxis by 2025. Introduction of utility electric vehicles: 150 units by 2025. Installation of the first electrical route of Latin America, installing power systems for electric vehicles in the national routes that connect Colonia-Montevideo-Chuy.', 'Installation of the first electrical route of Latin America, installing power systems for electric vehicles in the national routes that connect Colonia-Montevideo-Chuy. Agriculture Sector - Beef Production (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Adoption of good practices of natural grasslands management and management of breeding herds in livestock production in 1,000,000 ha (10% of grasslands), including the supply of forage, regenerative management and appropriate nitrogen management towards 2025 (*).Agriculture Sector: other activities (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Use of zero discharge technologies for rivers and streams and/or application of good practices of effluent treatment and/or recovery of nutrients and minimization of methane emissions in at least 40% of dairy farms.', 'Agriculture Sector - Beef Production (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Adoption of good practices of natural grasslands management and management of breeding herds in livestock production in 1,000,000 ha (10% of grasslands), including the supply of forage, regenerative management and appropriate nitrogen management towards 2025 (*).Agriculture Sector: other activities (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Use of zero discharge technologies for rivers and streams and/or application of good practices of effluent treatment and/or recovery of nutrients and minimization of methane emissions in at least 40% of dairy farms. Introduction of intermittent irrigation technology with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of soils in at least 10% of the rice crop area (16,000 ha) by 2025.', 'Introduction of intermittent irrigation technology with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of soils in at least 10% of the rice crop area (16,000 ha) by 2025. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector (relative to paragraphs 12 and 16 of the PNCC) Maintenance of 100% of the native forest area (849,960 ha) by 2025 in the framework of the provisions of the Forest Law and seeking to reverse degradation processes (*). Forest plantations as per Forest Policy, and when applicable, Forestry and Environmental Management Guidelines. Preservation of 100% of the 2012 area of shelter and shade forest plantations (77,790 ha) towards 2025, including silvopastoral systems (*). Protection of at least 50% of the peatland area by 2025 (4,183 ha).', 'Protection of at least 50% of the peatland area by 2025 (4,183 ha). Implementation of no-till farming, with grain crop rotations, cover crops, and inclusion of C4 grasses, under Plans for Soil Use and Management, in 95% of the agricultural area by 2025 (*). Implementation of service crops (covers) installed in soybean pre-harvest in 600,000 ha by 2025 (*). Adoption of good practices of natural grassland management in livestock production in 1,000,000 ha (10% of grasslands), thus avoiding the loss of soil organic carbon, and favoring carbon sequestration towards 2025 (*).', 'Adoption of good practices of natural grassland management in livestock production in 1,000,000 ha (10% of grasslands), thus avoiding the loss of soil organic carbon, and favoring carbon sequestration towards 2025 (*). Waste Sector (relative to paragraph 21 of the PNCC) Introduction of CH4 capture and burning in final disposal systems of solid urban waste (with and without electric power generation): 60% of urban solid waste generated placed in final disposal sites with this technology. Various Sectors (relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) Tourism Green Seal certification in 4% of tourist accommodation services, including best practices in: the adoption of renewable energy for heating domestic water, heating and electricity generation; other efficiency measures; management of wastewater and solid waste including recycling and composting (*).', 'Various Sectors (relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) Tourism Green Seal certification in 4% of tourist accommodation services, including best practices in: the adoption of renewable energy for heating domestic water, heating and electricity generation; other efficiency measures; management of wastewater and solid waste including recycling and composting (*). The chart above contains a non-exhaustive list of ongoing quantifiable measures and also those that are expected to be undertaken in each area and sector.II.iii. Main mitigation measures to be implemented to contribute to achieving objectives which are conditional to additional specific means of implementation Hereby a list of measures to mitigate climate change that Uruguay will implement to contribute to the achievement of the conditional mitigation objectives set out in this NDC.', 'Main mitigation measures to be implemented to contribute to achieving objectives which are conditional to additional specific means of implementation Hereby a list of measures to mitigate climate change that Uruguay will implement to contribute to the achievement of the conditional mitigation objectives set out in this NDC. Implementing these measures entails additional and specific means of implementation including non-refundable and/or concessional public funding, technology transfer and capacity building, to be provided by developed countries. Main mitigation measures to be implemented to contribute to achieving the objectives which are conditional to additional means of implementation Measures marked with an asterisk (*) also have effects on adaptation.', 'Main mitigation measures to be implemented to contribute to achieving the objectives which are conditional to additional means of implementation Measures marked with an asterisk (*) also have effects on adaptation. Energy Sector (relative to paragraph 18 of the PNCC) Introduction of electricity accumulation technology, including accumulation and pumping systems: 300 MW installed by 2025 (*). Extension of water sources technologies for power generation (small hydroelectric power plants): 10 MW of installed power by 2025, with a focus on co-benefits for dams for irrigation (*). Ring closure of the high-voltage power supply network throughout the country, to support decentralized electrical power generation from renewable sources: additional 215 km installed by 2025 (*).', 'Ring closure of the high-voltage power supply network throughout the country, to support decentralized electrical power generation from renewable sources: additional 215 km installed by 2025 (*). Wider use of solar collectors for hot water in large users, industrial and residential users: 100 MWth of installed capacity for 2025 (*). Extension of the Pilot Program for the Improvement of Energy Efficiency in 5% of homes throughout the country by 2025 (*). Renewal and consolidation of the Energy Efficiency Plan, which includes, among others, the following measures: - Replacement of current equipment with efficient equipment: 80% of built-in LED luminaires in public lighting by 2025 (*).', 'Renewal and consolidation of the Energy Efficiency Plan, which includes, among others, the following measures: - Replacement of current equipment with efficient equipment: 80% of built-in LED luminaires in public lighting by 2025 (*). - Mandatory labeling of energy efficiency in household devices: other household appliances, gas-burning appliances and wood-burning appliances by 2025 (*). - Implementation of energy-efficiency labeling program in used and non-residential buildings by 2025. - Consolidation of smart grids including household appliances and smart meters in two neighborhoods or towns by 2025 (*). Energy Sector - Transport (relative to paragraph 17 of the PNCC) Further adoption of biofuels: 10% bioethanol blended with gasoline, and 7% biodiesel blended in diesel fuel by 2025.', 'Energy Sector - Transport (relative to paragraph 17 of the PNCC) Further adoption of biofuels: 10% bioethanol blended with gasoline, and 7% biodiesel blended in diesel fuel by 2025. Further adoption of electric vehicles in public transport: 110 buses and 550 taxis by 2025. Further adoption of utility electric vehicles: 900 units by 2025. Replacement of 5% of the fleet of light private vehicles with electric vehicles by 2025. Establishment of a laboratory to test vehicle efficiency and gaseous emissions (including particulate matter) by 2025. Extension of the regulation of energy-efficiency labeling in cargo transport and public transport of passengers by 2025.', 'Extension of the regulation of energy-efficiency labeling in cargo transport and public transport of passengers by 2025. Network of electric vehicle charging stations throughout the country: extension of the Electrical Route to the main roads across Uruguay. Fast charging network: installation of fast charging stations in direct current. Industrial Processes Sector (relative to paragraph 20 of the PNCC) Replacement of fossil fuels with alternative lower GHG emissions fuels in cement production; up to 30% replacement rate depending on plants and local availability of alternatives. Development of pozzolanic or composite cements for the partial replacement of the clinker in the late stages of the cement production process.', 'Development of pozzolanic or composite cements for the partial replacement of the clinker in the late stages of the cement production process. (450 ton of Clinker/year).Agriculture Sector - Beef Production (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Extension of the adoption of good practices of natural land management and management of breeding herds in livestock production in 3,000,000 ha (30% of grasslands), including adjustments in the forage supply, regenerative management and appropriate nitrogen management towards 2025 (*). Agriculture Sector: other activities (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Use of zero discharge technologies for rivers and streams and/or application of good practices of effluent treatment and/or recovery of nutrients, and minimization of methane emissions in at least 75% of dairy farms.', 'Agriculture Sector: other activities (relative to paragraph 16 of the PNCC) Use of zero discharge technologies for rivers and streams and/or application of good practices of effluent treatment and/or recovery of nutrients, and minimization of methane emissions in at least 75% of dairy farms. Introduction of intermittent irrigation technology with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of soils in at least 40% of the rice crop area (64,000 ha) by 2025. Introduction of slow-release fertilizers and/or adjustments in the timing of fertilizer application in at least 20% of the area of winter agricultural crops, including corn and sorghum towards 2025.', 'Introduction of slow-release fertilizers and/or adjustments in the timing of fertilizer application in at least 20% of the area of winter agricultural crops, including corn and sorghum towards 2025. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector (relative to paragraphs 12 and 16 of the PNCC) Increase by 5% in the native forest area (42,500 additional ha) by 2025, seeking to reverse degradation processes (*). Increase of 25% of the area of shelter and shade forest plantations (20,000 ha) by 2025, including silvopastoral systems (*). Protection of 100% of the peatland area by 2025 (8,366 ha).', 'Protection of 100% of the peatland area by 2025 (8,366 ha). Adoption of good practices of natural grasslands management in livestock production in 3,000,000 ha (30% of grasslands), thus avoiding the loss of soil organic carbon, and favoring carbon sequestration towards 2025 (*). Waste Sector (relative to paragraph 21 of the PNCC) Development of solid urban waste management systems, including improvements in the treatment and final disposal systems. This development includes the extension of capture and burning of CH4 systems and/or the introduction of technologies to reduce CH4 generation to new final disposal sites, so that 90% of the urban solid waste is disposed of in sites with these technologies. Improvement in the industrial wastewater treatment systems with technologies that reduce CH emissions.', 'Improvement in the industrial wastewater treatment systems with technologies that reduce CH emissions. This includes the implementation of new CH4 capture and burning systems in anaerobic treatments, reaching the treatment systems where 30% of emissions are generated. Various Sectors (relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) Extension of the Tourism Green Seal certification to 10% of tourist accommodation services, including best practices in: the adoption of renewable energy for heating domestic water, heating and electricity generation; other efficiency measures; management of wastewater and solid waste including recycling and composting (*).', 'Various Sectors (relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) Extension of the Tourism Green Seal certification to 10% of tourist accommodation services, including best practices in: the adoption of renewable energy for heating domestic water, heating and electricity generation; other efficiency measures; management of wastewater and solid waste including recycling and composting (*). The above chart contains a not exhaustive list of quantifiable undergoing measures and also those that are expected to develop under each area and sector.Section III Context and main measures for the adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change (Pursuant to Article 7.10 of the Paris Agreement, this section of the NDC must be considered Uruguay´s first Adaptation Communication) III.i.', 'The above chart contains a not exhaustive list of quantifiable undergoing measures and also those that are expected to develop under each area and sector.Section III Context and main measures for the adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change (Pursuant to Article 7.10 of the Paris Agreement, this section of the NDC must be considered Uruguay´s first Adaptation Communication) III.i. General context of Uruguay’s strategy for the adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change In the past decade our country has being working on strengthening specific public policies, measures and programs for adaptation, targeting specific communities and sectors. Our priority has been to promote communities that are resilient to climate change and variability, and extreme events, as this is essential to reduce vulnerability with equity and social inclusion.', 'Our priority has been to promote communities that are resilient to climate change and variability, and extreme events, as this is essential to reduce vulnerability with equity and social inclusion. The Program of General Measures for Mitigation and Adaptation was declared of Ministerial Interest in 2004. This program included adaptation measures for agriculture, biodiversity and health sectors and for coastal, water and fishing resources. The Coordinating Group of the National Response System to Climate Change and Variability adopted in 2010 the National Climate Change Response Plan. This plan sets forth an assessment of the vulnerability of agricultural production and land ecosystems, in the energy sector, for coastal areas, urban habitat, health care and the industry and service sectors.', 'This plan sets forth an assessment of the vulnerability of agricultural production and land ecosystems, in the energy sector, for coastal areas, urban habitat, health care and the industry and service sectors. In addition, different adaptation measures were identified: comprehensive risk management, water resources, energy, ecosystems and biodiversity, production and consumption and quality of life of the population. Moreover, the Metropolitan Region Climate Plan was adopted in 2012. This plan introduced adaptation measures for rural, coastal and urban areas in Canelones, Montevideo and San José. The National Environmental Cabinet adopted in 2017 the National Climate Change Policy, which sets forth strategies and courses of action to address climate change, including adaptation.', 'The National Environmental Cabinet adopted in 2017 the National Climate Change Policy, which sets forth strategies and courses of action to address climate change, including adaptation. The National Adaptation Plan for Agriculture, the National Adaptation Plan for Coastal Areas and the National Adaptation Plan for Cities and Infrastructure are being drafted at present. It is in this framework of plans and policies that the following adaptation measures have been taken. III.ii. Specific context and adaptation initiatives to address the adverse effects of climate change within Uruguay´s main adaptation areas Social policies Social policies have focused on the most vulnerable population, following initiatives to fight poverty and extreme poverty, and to promote further social equity.', 'Specific context and adaptation initiatives to address the adverse effects of climate change within Uruguay´s main adaptation areas Social policies Social policies have focused on the most vulnerable population, following initiatives to fight poverty and extreme poverty, and to promote further social equity. Particular attention has been paid to those who are most vulnerable to climate change and variability. The National Relocation Plan, adopted in 2010, aims to resettle socially disadvantaged families who live in flood-prone and/or contaminated areas. A total of 1715 families were relocated between 2010 and 2016, and around 2500 families are expected to have been relocated by 2010.', 'A total of 1715 families were relocated between 2010 and 2016, and around 2500 families are expected to have been relocated by 2010. In addition, human resources have been trained in responding to extreme events, and there are several initiatives in place to care for the homeless during the winter months. Health care A comprehensive health care reform has been in place since 2005 to provide universal coverage, and thus creating adequate conditions to protect our population’s health against climate impact. Regionally, the “MERCOSUR strategy to protect health from climate change” was adopted to strengthen the capacity of member countries to assess and monitor health vulnerability, risks and the impacts of climate change.', 'Regionally, the “MERCOSUR strategy to protect health from climate change” was adopted to strengthen the capacity of member countries to assess and monitor health vulnerability, risks and the impacts of climate change. The National Profile on Climate Change and Health was developed, in addition to recommendations for the population and guidelines for the Departmental Emergency Committees to respond to flooding and extreme events. Moreover, the “Entomological Surveillance Plan for Vector Identification” has strengthened vector- borne disease control thanks to a strong public awareness campaign against mosquitoes carrying Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya.', 'Moreover, the “Entomological Surveillance Plan for Vector Identification” has strengthened vector- borne disease control thanks to a strong public awareness campaign against mosquitoes carrying Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. Immunization coverage has increased by including hepatitis A, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the national vaccination scheme.Disaster Risk Reduction The National Emergency System was established by Law in 2009 to protect people, essential property and the environment in the face of disaster by joining and coordinating Government efforts and the efficient use of the public and private resources available, so as to foster favorable conditions for sustainable national development. There is currently a Departmental Emergency Committee in all 19 departments in the country and a Departmental Emergency Coordinating Center.', 'There is currently a Departmental Emergency Committee in all 19 departments in the country and a Departmental Emergency Coordinating Center. Both provide the necessary conditions for decentralized inter-agency coordination for emergency response and disaster risk reduction, including those caused by climatic events. As part of the progress made in risk management, Early Warning Systems have been designed for several cities in the country, particularly those most vulnerable to floods, and protocols have been devised for each stage of comprehensive climatic disaster risk management, focusing on education and awareness raising and seeking to favor a cultural change towards to a corrective, prospective and reactive or compensatory risk management, empowering communities. Hazard maps have been created based on the different threats (fire, floods, etc.', 'Hazard maps have been created based on the different threats (fire, floods, etc. ), as well as national, departmental, interdepartmental and sectoral risk plans, and local emergency and contingency plans. Cities, Infrastructure and Land-use planning Since the Land-use planning and Sustainable Development Law was passed in 2008, efforts have been made towards a more comprehensive approach in land sustainable development planning, for greater consistency and efficiency in the implementation of practical measures at local level, including adaptation and climatic risk reduction measures. Risk mapping work, contemplating riverbank flooding in particular, has been included in the development of several local land-use planning strategies. Climate change units, working groups and/or offices have been set up in several departmental governments, which have helped support local efforts.', 'Climate change units, working groups and/or offices have been set up in several departmental governments, which have helped support local efforts. These initiatives have allowed us to devise subnational adaptation plans, define strategies and take adaptation measures in the country, ranging from providing information to the community to building infrastructure and implementing technological changes favoring the resilience to climate change. Besides, work is already carried out, and it is expected to deepen, to promote alternative building systems which include environmental considerations and a higher resilience to climate change. A National Adaptation Plan for Cities and Infrastructure is currently being developed.', 'A National Adaptation Plan for Cities and Infrastructure is currently being developed. Biodiversity and Ecosystems The biodiversity and ecosystem conservation agenda has also consolidated in the last few years, highlighting how important their conservation and restoration are, due to the resources and services they provide. Besides the 2030 National Biodiversity Strategy, which includes adaptation elements, adaptation measures have been included in conservation plans for protected areas, which in some cases involve mitigation co-benefits. A national strategy within the framework of REDD+ project is currently being developed for sustainable management of native forest ecosystems and their restoration, which will allow for both carbon sequestration and the conservation of biodiversity and quality of water, among other adaptation measures.', 'A national strategy within the framework of REDD+ project is currently being developed for sustainable management of native forest ecosystems and their restoration, which will allow for both carbon sequestration and the conservation of biodiversity and quality of water, among other adaptation measures. The preparation of a National Agroecology Plan is added to these efforts, promoting production systems that favor a higher ecosystems’ resilience to climate change effects. Coastal areas A lot of work has been done in coastal areas to strengthen local coastal governments in terms of knowing the impacts of climate change and including climate change adaptation criteria in development efforts promoted. Thus, different pilot actions have been taken and progress has been made in drafting coastal land-use planning regulations.', 'Thus, different pilot actions have been taken and progress has been made in drafting coastal land-use planning regulations. Among those pilot actions it is worth noting the capacity-building initiatives in terms of ecosystem-based adaptation, both at national and local levels, to strengthen and restore coastal ecosystems that provide buffering and wave energy dissipation services during extreme climate events and help to reduce vulnerability. As of 2016 there have been ecosystem-based restoration and adaptation works along the waterfront of the six departmental governments that sit on the River Plate and the Atlantic Ocean. These works have produced positive results in the face of extreme storm surge events.', 'These works have produced positive results in the face of extreme storm surge events. In addition, the National Policy for Land-use Planning and Sustainable Development of the Coastal Region of the Atlantic Ocean and River Plate has been drafted and submitted to Parliament for consideration. So far, the Departmental Governments have approved twelve land-use planning instruments involving coastal regions. A National Plan for Coastal adaptation is now underway. Water resources Given the strategic importance of water resources and their vulnerability to climate change and variability, the comprehensive and sustainable management of such resources has been defined as a State policy and,therefore, the aim has been to promote the comprehensive and sustainable management approach of our country’s water basins. The National Water Policy approved by Law No.', 'The National Water Policy approved by Law No. 18.610 of 2nd October, 2009 establishes in Article 11 that “water resources management will seek to achieve an environmentally sustainable use and will take into account climate variability and the extreme events occurrence in order to mitigate the negative impacts, in particular for the communities”. In this sense, the National Water Plan, finished in 2017 and then approved by Executive Decree No. 205 of 31st July, 2017, has included integrated water management (basins, aquifers and urban waters) participation instruments for which the climate risk approach is essential, especially when it comes to the integrated management of droughts and floods. Agricultural sector Significant measures to support climate change adaptation have been implemented in the agricultural sector.', 'Agricultural sector Significant measures to support climate change adaptation have been implemented in the agricultural sector. One of the main measures has attempted to enhance small and medium-sized cattle farmers’ resilience, particularly for those located in the regions that are particularly vulnerable to droughts. This has been done by implementing a prevention approach in their productive system strategy and by widening their knowledge on climate and extreme weather events, including their effects on the livestock health and well-being. These measures have found a foothold on the National Agricultural Information System, which seeks to facilitate decision-making processes and climate risk management. In addition, several index insurance facilities have been developed as risk transfer instruments.', 'In addition, several index insurance facilities have been developed as risk transfer instruments. Among those worth noting are the horticulture insurance, which provides coverage against excess water during harvest, and the insurance for extensive cattle farming on natural grasslands, which provides coverage against severe droughts. The Emergency Agriculture Fund can be used when facing certain adverse events in some agricultural activities that are not protected by any insurance coverage. In addition, the adoption and implementation of the soil usage and management plans builds on the agricultural measures with an adaptation approach. A National Adaptation Plan for the Agricultural Sector is currently underway. Energy In the energy sector, the diversification of the power grid encouraged by the Energy Policy is a major adaptation measure, and it also reduces GHG emissions.', 'Energy In the energy sector, the diversification of the power grid encouraged by the Energy Policy is a major adaptation measure, and it also reduces GHG emissions. The adoption of renewable energies and the promotion of energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy and households have contributed to reducing the vulnerability of the sector and the cost overruns of the power system in case of water deficits. To reduce the climate risks associated to power generation and the negative effects they would have on fiscal accounts, an insurance policy was taken out against droughts and high oil prices, which can be used in combination with the Stabilization Fund the national electricity company has in place.', 'To reduce the climate risks associated to power generation and the negative effects they would have on fiscal accounts, an insurance policy was taken out against droughts and high oil prices, which can be used in combination with the Stabilization Fund the national electricity company has in place. The purpose of the Fund and the insurance policy is to protect consumers against extraordinary price increases linked to water deficit scenarios in hydropower generation by granting the Uruguayan public sector greater financial stability. Tourism Tourism management and planning initiatives in Uruguay have successfully been including climate change considerations. A key aspect for the development of the sector is the capacity travel destinations have to adapt to climate change. A “Climate Change and Tourism” guide was developed in 2011.', 'A “Climate Change and Tourism” guide was developed in 2011. It includes a set of adaptation measures that are still in place today and that are being implemented through land-use planning and management initiatives. The main ones are the development of coastal management plans and the prohibition to build in certain areas. The Green Seal Certification for tourism was established in 2015. It includes different actions to achieve a more resilient performance of the touristic buildings through the use of appropriate design and materials to be better prepared for extreme weather events, the implementation of best practices and the installation of devices to efficiently manage and harness rainwater and prevent erosion.', 'It includes different actions to achieve a more resilient performance of the touristic buildings through the use of appropriate design and materials to be better prepared for extreme weather events, the implementation of best practices and the installation of devices to efficiently manage and harness rainwater and prevent erosion. Climate Services The Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology (hereinafter INUMET) was set up in 2013 to provide public meteorological and climatological services in the country, adjacent ocean areas and other areas of interest. The National Meteorological Network has 23 meteorological stations nationwide, and the rainfall gauge network has over 300 stations throughout the country. As part of their climate services, INUMET offers on its website qualified weather information for the water, agricultural and energy sectors, among others.', 'As part of their climate services, INUMET offers on its website qualified weather information for the water, agricultural and energy sectors, among others. While these global services are provided by INUMET, there are several other institutions in the country that have their own information systems to contribute to the decision-making processes in the face of climate change, among them: the Environmental Information System; the National Environmental Observatory; the National Agricultural Information System; the Information and Support System for Decision-Making in terms of Climate RiskManagement in the Agricultural Sector; the Geographical Information System Viewer of the National Emergency System; and the National Data Infrastructure for Environmental Management (INDaGeA - Decree No. 192/017, of July 17th, 2017). III.iii.', '192/017, of July 17th, 2017). III.iii. Main priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and adaptation measures to address the adverse effects of climate change Below are the main priorities, implementation and support needs, adaptation plans and measures to address the adverse effects of climate change, including the definition of their scope in terms of management and/or the results Uruguay expects to obtain to contribute to the global goal on adaptation. This entails increasing adaptation capabilities, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change to contribute to sustainable development and to achieve an adequate adaptation response in the context of climate change.', 'This entails increasing adaptation capabilities, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change to contribute to sustainable development and to achieve an adequate adaptation response in the context of climate change. To do so, Uruguay may use means of implementation to be provided under the framework of the Convention in terms of financing, technology transfer and capacity building and strengthening. Main priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and adaptation measures to address the adverse effects of climate change. Measures distinguished with an asterisk (*) are those that have also effects on mitigation.', 'Measures distinguished with an asterisk (*) are those that have also effects on mitigation. Social policies (Relative to paragraph 8 of the PNCC) To make available, by 2025, georeferenced information of social vulnerabilities associated to adverse climatic events, adopting human rights and gender perspectives and looking at childhood, population below the poverty line and/or indigence, homeless people, older adults, disabled people, afro-descendants, migrants and rural population. To have relocated, by 2025, between 3500 and 6000 of the households in flood or contaminated zones identified through the National Relocation Plan and other national and departmental instruments, enabling access to basic services to relocated population and assigning new uses to give a different significance to flood zones.', 'To have relocated, by 2025, between 3500 and 6000 of the households in flood or contaminated zones identified through the National Relocation Plan and other national and departmental instruments, enabling access to basic services to relocated population and assigning new uses to give a different significance to flood zones. Health care (Relative to paragraph 9 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and started the implementation of a National Health Adaptation Plan by 2015. To have, by 2020, a Climate Change and Health Training Program for the staff working in the health care sector. To have identified, formulated and implemented by 2025 Environmental Health indicators associated with climate change and health status of the population, contemplating information about the disease burden linked to climate change.', 'To have identified, formulated and implemented by 2025 Environmental Health indicators associated with climate change and health status of the population, contemplating information about the disease burden linked to climate change. An “Assessment for the establishment of models to predict the behavior of vector-borne diseases and zoonosis linked to climate change” will be under development by 2025. To have formulated, adopted and implemented a National Plan for the prevention of diseases transmissible by climate-change sensitive vectors by 2025. An early-warning system for extreme temperature events (heat and cold waves) will have been developed, and it will have been implemented in at least two departments by 2020.', 'An early-warning system for extreme temperature events (heat and cold waves) will have been developed, and it will have been implemented in at least two departments by 2020. To have formulated by 2025 a diagnosis of the response capacity and the infrastructure of health care services and centers to extreme weather events in at least four departments. Disaster Risk Reduction (Relative to paragraph 10 of the PNCC) To have, by 2020, six regional risk-management plans (covering the entire country), those taking into account climate change and variability, with focus in urban and rural population depending on specific vulnerability characteristics.', 'Disaster Risk Reduction (Relative to paragraph 10 of the PNCC) To have, by 2020, six regional risk-management plans (covering the entire country), those taking into account climate change and variability, with focus in urban and rural population depending on specific vulnerability characteristics. To have, by 2025, departmental risk-management instruments that take into account climate change and variability in every department of Uruguay. Departmental risk-management instruments consider at least 25% of municipal areas, and include the participation and perspective of the third level of government by 2025. Ongoing training on climate change and climate risk management for decision-makers and the general population by 2020. At least eight flood cities will have a flood early warning system by 2025.', 'At least eight flood cities will have a flood early warning system by 2025. At least 30 flood cities have maps showing the flood hazards of drainages, riverbanks and/or rising sea levels and storm surges by 2025. Cities, Infrastructure and Land-use planning (Relative to paragraph 11 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and started the implementation of a National Adaptation Plan for Cities and Infrastructure by 2020, including perspectives related to right to the city, urban sustainability and access to urban land. To have implemented by 2020 a Guide for the Preparation of Land-use Planning Instruments, which includes a climate change and variability adaptation component?', 'To have implemented by 2020 a Guide for the Preparation of Land-use Planning Instruments, which includes a climate change and variability adaptation component? Adaptation measures will have been promoted by 2025 in at least 30% of the cities with over 5,000 residents to address vulnerabilities and improve their adaptive capacities. At least seven departments will have regional, departmental or municipal local climate change and variability adaptation plans by 2025. Biodiversity and Ecosystems (Relative to paragraph 12 of the PNCC) The management plans of at least six protected areas will include climate change and variability considerations by 2025.', 'Biodiversity and Ecosystems (Relative to paragraph 12 of the PNCC) The management plans of at least six protected areas will include climate change and variability considerations by 2025. By 2025, 100% of the native forest area will be protected, with the option of increasing said area by 5%, especially in water resource environmental protection areas, attempting to revert degradation processes (*). Coastal areas (Relative to paragraph 13 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and started the implementation of a National Adaptation Plan for Coastal Areas by 2020. To have mapped by 2020 the coastal vulnerability of the River Plate and the Atlantic Ocean to climate change and variability.', 'To have mapped by 2020 the coastal vulnerability of the River Plate and the Atlantic Ocean to climate change and variability. To have an adaptive management strategy in 20% of the coastal line of the Uruguay River, the River Plate and the Atlantic Ocean by 2025, prioritizing the most vulnerable stretches. To have, by 2020, a system for monitoring and assessing adaptation actions in the six coastal departments in coordination with institutions dealing with coastal areas. Water resources (Relative to paragraph 14 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and implemented by 2025 three integrated basin management plans that consider climate change and variability.', 'Water resources (Relative to paragraph 14 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and implemented by 2025 three integrated basin management plans that consider climate change and variability. Agricultural sector ( Relative to paragraph 15 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and started the implementation of a National Adaptation Plan for Agriculture by 2020. Adoption, by 2025, of good practices of natural land management and management of breeding herds in livestock production in an area ranging from 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 ha (10-30% of grasslands), including the supply of forage, regenerative management and the addition of supplements in times of drought, enhancing extension and livestock innovation mechanisms for that purpose (*).', 'Adoption, by 2025, of good practices of natural land management and management of breeding herds in livestock production in an area ranging from 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 ha (10-30% of grasslands), including the supply of forage, regenerative management and the addition of supplements in times of drought, enhancing extension and livestock innovation mechanisms for that purpose (*). To have implemented by 2025 water management models and instruments that promote the rational use of water through reservoirs and dams that are shared among several plots of land. To have designed and implemented, by 2025, risk transfer instruments, such as climate index-based insurances and the Emergency Agriculture Fund (FAE, for its acronym in Spanish).', 'To have implemented by 2025 water management models and instruments that promote the rational use of water through reservoirs and dams that are shared among several plots of land. To have designed and implemented, by 2025, risk transfer instruments, such as climate index-based insurances and the Emergency Agriculture Fund (FAE, for its acronym in Spanish). By 2025, 95% of the agricultural area is under land use and management plans, including plans to reduce erosion and preserve organic matter in croplands, the productivity and water storage capacity have improved, and the risk of erosion during extreme rainfall events has been reduced (*).', 'By 2025, 95% of the agricultural area is under land use and management plans, including plans to reduce erosion and preserve organic matter in croplands, the productivity and water storage capacity have improved, and the risk of erosion during extreme rainfall events has been reduced (*). To have, by 2025, comprehensive information systems for adaptive management in agriculture for the public and private sector, and to have promoted research programs on dryland agriculture, vegetable and fruit crops, forage crops and pastures that better adapt to climate variability. By 2025, 100% of the area of the shelter and shade forests plantations –which provide shelter and well-being for animals, especially in adverse weather situations– has been preserved (78,000 ha) (*).', 'By 2025, 100% of the area of the shelter and shade forests plantations –which provide shelter and well-being for animals, especially in adverse weather situations– has been preserved (78,000 ha) (*). Energy (Relative to paragraphs 18 and 20 of the PNCC) To have formulated, adopted and started the implementation of a National Energy Adaptation Plan by 2015. To have diversified, by 2025, the power grid sources, thus reducing the vulnerabilities resulting from the dependence of hydropower generation on climate conditions, with at least 1,700 installed MW from at least three non-traditional sources, and with the option of power accumulation plants (*).', 'To have diversified, by 2025, the power grid sources, thus reducing the vulnerabilities resulting from the dependence of hydropower generation on climate conditions, with at least 1,700 installed MW from at least three non-traditional sources, and with the option of power accumulation plants (*). Tourism (Relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) The Green Seal Certification, which includes different actions to achieve a more resilient performance of buildings, through the use of appropriate design and materials to be better prepared in the face of extreme weather events, the implementation of best practices and the installation of devices to efficiently manage and harness rainwater, and prevent erosion, will have been awarded to between 4% and 10% of tourist accommodation services by 2025 (*).', 'Tourism (Relative to paragraph 19 of the PNCC) The Green Seal Certification, which includes different actions to achieve a more resilient performance of buildings, through the use of appropriate design and materials to be better prepared in the face of extreme weather events, the implementation of best practices and the installation of devices to efficiently manage and harness rainwater, and prevent erosion, will have been awarded to between 4% and 10% of tourist accommodation services by 2025 (*). Climate Services (Relative to paragraph 7 of the PNCC) To have, by 2025, a comprehensive system for designing and managing climate services for decision-making in the public and/or private sector for the relevant industries.', 'Climate Services (Relative to paragraph 7 of the PNCC) To have, by 2025, a comprehensive system for designing and managing climate services for decision-making in the public and/or private sector for the relevant industries. To have, by 2025, a radar network in the country –to complement the existing regional network–, a radio sounding station and a national telemetric rain gauge network that will help monitor flash floods, among other events. The above chart contains a not exhaustive list of undergoing measures, and also those that are expected to develop, under each area and sector.Section IV Context and key measures relative to capacity building and knowledge creation IV.i.', 'The above chart contains a not exhaustive list of undergoing measures, and also those that are expected to develop, under each area and sector.Section IV Context and key measures relative to capacity building and knowledge creation IV.i. Context relative to capacity building and knowledge creation on climate change in Uruguay Hereby the context of the progress made in cross-cutting aspects for adaptation and mitigation, mainly in relation to capacity building and knowledge creation on issues related to climate change, as well as their dissemination and public awareness to promote cultural change.', 'Context relative to capacity building and knowledge creation on climate change in Uruguay Hereby the context of the progress made in cross-cutting aspects for adaptation and mitigation, mainly in relation to capacity building and knowledge creation on issues related to climate change, as well as their dissemination and public awareness to promote cultural change. This progress is considered in the National Climate Change Policy as areas that need to be strengthened and debated further, both within Uruguay’s own efforts, as well as with support through additional and specific means of implementation, especially through technologies and capacity building at different levels.', 'This progress is considered in the National Climate Change Policy as areas that need to be strengthened and debated further, both within Uruguay’s own efforts, as well as with support through additional and specific means of implementation, especially through technologies and capacity building at different levels. Uruguay has shown interest in dealing with climate change with a cross-cutting approach in relation to the set of public policies through different institutional measures and others relative to public capacity building for management and decision-making. In particular, the Climate Change Unit (which is now the Climate Change Division) was created in 1994 in the Ministry of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment (MVOTMA), acting as an operative and executive body on climate change. In 2000, through Law No.', 'In 2000, through Law No. 17.283 of November 28th of 2000, on General Protection of the Environment, the MVOTMA was appointed as the competent national authority for the implementation and enforcement of the Convention, which was ratified by Uruguay on August 18th, 1994, and approved by Act No. 16.517 on July 22nd, 1994. It should be noted that, being a relatively small country, with both its territory and economy strongly vulnerable to the climate, Uruguay has always promoted and defended the multilateral scope of the Convention.', 'It should be noted that, being a relatively small country, with both its territory and economy strongly vulnerable to the climate, Uruguay has always promoted and defended the multilateral scope of the Convention. Another highly significant stage in institutional development and strengthening was the creation of the through Executive Decree 238/2009, dated May 20th, 2009, on the National Climate Change Response System, with the purpose of coordinating and planning the necessary public and private actions for risk prevention, mitigation, and adaptation to climate change. The SNRCC developed the National Climate Change Response Plan published in January 2010, and the National Climate Change Policy during 2016.', 'The SNRCC developed the National Climate Change Response Plan published in January 2010, and the National Climate Change Policy during 2016. More recently, the National Environmental System (hereinafter SNA) was established through Executive Decree 172/2016 of June 6th, 2016, with the purpose of strengthening, articulating, and coordinating Uruguay s public policies to protect the resources and services provided by the ecosystems, and to increase adaptation to climate change, among other goals. At the same time, this Decree regulates the creation of the National Environment, Water and Climate Change Office of the Presidency of the Republic (hereinafter SNAACC), created through Article 33 of Law No. 19.355 of 19th December, 2015.', '19.355 of 19th December, 2015. The SNA gathers representatives of the National Environmental Cabinet —also created through Decree 172/2016—, the SNAACC, the Uruguayan water state- owned company (Obras Sanitarias del Estado - OSE), the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology, the SNRCC, and the National Emergency System. In addition, the National Environmental Cabinet is formed by the President of the Republic, along with the Minister of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment; the Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries; the Minister of Industry, Energy, and Mining; the Minister of National Defense, the Minister of Public Health; the Minister of Economy and Finances; and the National Secretary of Environment, Water and Climate Change.', 'In addition, the National Environmental Cabinet is formed by the President of the Republic, along with the Minister of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment; the Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries; the Minister of Industry, Energy, and Mining; the Minister of National Defense, the Minister of Public Health; the Minister of Economy and Finances; and the National Secretary of Environment, Water and Climate Change. Additionally, the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology was created in 2013 with the purpose of providing public meteorological and climatological services in the country, adjacent ocean areas and other areas of interest, actively generating public and official meteorological information for decision-making in the public and private sectors, as well as among the people, being also the country s main connection with the IPCC.', 'Additionally, the Uruguayan Institute of Meteorology was created in 2013 with the purpose of providing public meteorological and climatological services in the country, adjacent ocean areas and other areas of interest, actively generating public and official meteorological information for decision-making in the public and private sectors, as well as among the people, being also the country s main connection with the IPCC. These efforts at the National Government level have been accompanied by the creation of climate change units, working groups and/or offices in several departmental governments.', 'These efforts at the National Government level have been accompanied by the creation of climate change units, working groups and/or offices in several departmental governments. The organized civil society and the private sector have also been empowered to improve their actions and management on these issues, for example, from civil society organizations through measures relative to information and awareness, as well as the design and implementation of local solutions, and the private productive sectors, especially the agricultural and tourism sectors, which are beginning to include in their agendas the analysis of climate change impacts and the design of adaptation strategies.An increasing number of actors, managers, communicators, and institutional, political, productive, and social decision-makers have received training in the past few years, and should continue to do so in the future.', 'The organized civil society and the private sector have also been empowered to improve their actions and management on these issues, for example, from civil society organizations through measures relative to information and awareness, as well as the design and implementation of local solutions, and the private productive sectors, especially the agricultural and tourism sectors, which are beginning to include in their agendas the analysis of climate change impacts and the design of adaptation strategies.An increasing number of actors, managers, communicators, and institutional, political, productive, and social decision-makers have received training in the past few years, and should continue to do so in the future. Collaborative information, communication, and education interinstitutional strategies shall be promoted at international, national, departmental, and local levels, along with the creation and strengthening of collaborative information exchange infrastructures.', 'Collaborative information, communication, and education interinstitutional strategies shall be promoted at international, national, departmental, and local levels, along with the creation and strengthening of collaborative information exchange infrastructures. Additionally, progress has been made in the introduction of the climate change and variability issue in every level of formal and non-formal education environments. Furthermore, there has been an increase in research and development (R&D) and innovation capacities on issues approached by public and private institutions, and the training of researchers in this matter has been strengthened.', 'Furthermore, there has been an increase in research and development (R&D) and innovation capacities on issues approached by public and private institutions, and the training of researchers in this matter has been strengthened. The approach towards dealing with capacity building has been an intra, multi, and transdisciplinary approach, considering the economic, social, environmental, and political spheres, and in different scales, based on improving management and trying to understand the socio-environmental systems and their relation with climate change as complex systems. In 2011, 534 people involved in climate change issues had been identified, 84% of them being researchers; also, 34 institutions related to research and/or management in climate change issues had been identified, with 60 active projects, and 107 publications.6 IV.ii.', 'In 2011, 534 people involved in climate change issues had been identified, 84% of them being researchers; also, 34 institutions related to research and/or management in climate change issues had been identified, with 60 active projects, and 107 publications.6 IV.ii. Context relative to capacity building and knowledge creation on climate change in Uruguay The measures undertaken are still insufficient to face the challenges of implementing the NDC at a national and local level. Thus, more means of implementation shall be necessary to improve the country’s capacities in R&D, monitoring and registry, education and training of managers and actors who can design and implement new answers to climate change issues.', 'Thus, more means of implementation shall be necessary to improve the country’s capacities in R&D, monitoring and registry, education and training of managers and actors who can design and implement new answers to climate change issues. Main capacity building and knowledge creation measures implemented, under implementation, and to be implemented (relative to paragraphs 5, 6, and 7 of the PNCC) Enhance strengthening of public institutions from the three levels of government, and private, academic, and organized civil society institutions, as well as of the existing institutional arrangements, for the participation and coordination of measures planning and implementation.', 'Main capacity building and knowledge creation measures implemented, under implementation, and to be implemented (relative to paragraphs 5, 6, and 7 of the PNCC) Enhance strengthening of public institutions from the three levels of government, and private, academic, and organized civil society institutions, as well as of the existing institutional arrangements, for the participation and coordination of measures planning and implementation. Development and implementation of strategy for training, education in formal and non- formal ambits, and awareness, as appropriate, aimed at different target audiences (on management, communication and decision-making and on the institutional, political, productive and social issues, among others), that shall contribute to the implementation of the different measures and to risk-management empowerment of the population.', 'Development and implementation of strategy for training, education in formal and non- formal ambits, and awareness, as appropriate, aimed at different target audiences (on management, communication and decision-making and on the institutional, political, productive and social issues, among others), that shall contribute to the implementation of the different measures and to risk-management empowerment of the population. Creation and strengthening of scientific-technical exchange networks for the implementation of R&D and innovation projects, both at a national and regional level. Design and implementation of an economic assessment mechanism for loss and damage due to climate events, which allows having a national annual report with information by sector, population and territories affected.', 'Design and implementation of an economic assessment mechanism for loss and damage due to climate events, which allows having a national annual report with information by sector, population and territories affected. Generation and access to information relevant to decision-making by the institutions related to the matter and the population. Social networks strengthening on territories from a rights perspective, contributing to building and outreaching of climate change knowledge, local level decision-making and early-warnings better managing. Identification and promotion of research lines considered a priority for the different sectors in issues related to climate change and variability.', 'Identification and promotion of research lines considered a priority for the different sectors in issues related to climate change and variability. Strengthening of the Environmental Education National Network, promoting that male and female educators develop different projects in classrooms, workshops, and scientific education fairs, as well as non-formal activities relating to climate change in the framework of the Environmental Education National Plan and linking with the Education on Human Rights National Plan. Strengthen and enhance spaces and channels that are already in place for the people to express their concerns and views on how they are affected, and how to deal with the problems related to climate change.', 'Strengthen and enhance spaces and channels that are already in place for the people to express their concerns and views on how they are affected, and how to deal with the problems related to climate change. The above chart contains a not exhaustive list of undergoing measures, and also those that are expected to develop, under each area and sector. 6 2011. Interdisciplinary Center for Climate Change and Variability Response (CIRCVC). SNRCC-CIRCV Agreement, results of the People, Projects, Publications analysis.Section V Information to provide transparency and to improve the understanding of climate change mitigation objectives, and to facilitate their monitoring, reporting and verification V.i.', 'SNRCC-CIRCV Agreement, results of the People, Projects, Publications analysis.Section V Information to provide transparency and to improve the understanding of climate change mitigation objectives, and to facilitate their monitoring, reporting and verification V.i. Scope and coverage Mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC cover all of the CO , CH and N O emissions in the country, and which collectively account for over 99% of Uruguay’s current CO eq emissions, calculated as per the NGHGI 2012 (AR2 GWP100). All emitting sectors as acknowledged by IPCC inventory guidelines are considered. The general objectives in Section I refer to aggregate total emissions for each gas and do not imply contributions by sector.', 'The general objectives in Section I refer to aggregate total emissions for each gas and do not imply contributions by sector. Regarding the provisions established under the Paris Agreement, only unconditional objectives from Section I will be subject in a binding manner to the procedures defined in Article 13 on the enhanced transparency framework for action and support and to eventual provisions related to the mechanism to facilitate the implementation and promote compliance, in a manner that is non-adversarial and non-punitive, as defined in Article 15, and as might be decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties in the Paris Agreement; the share of the conditional objectives presented in Section I will be eventually subject to the same provisions – to be the same defined by Uruguay on a case-by-case basis- for that conditional objectives for which enough support had been received from additional specific means of implementation, for the fulfillment of specific measures contained in Section II.iii.', 'Regarding the provisions established under the Paris Agreement, only unconditional objectives from Section I will be subject in a binding manner to the procedures defined in Article 13 on the enhanced transparency framework for action and support and to eventual provisions related to the mechanism to facilitate the implementation and promote compliance, in a manner that is non-adversarial and non-punitive, as defined in Article 15, and as might be decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties in the Paris Agreement; the share of the conditional objectives presented in Section I will be eventually subject to the same provisions – to be the same defined by Uruguay on a case-by-case basis- for that conditional objectives for which enough support had been received from additional specific means of implementation, for the fulfillment of specific measures contained in Section II.iii. V.ii.', 'Regarding the provisions established under the Paris Agreement, only unconditional objectives from Section I will be subject in a binding manner to the procedures defined in Article 13 on the enhanced transparency framework for action and support and to eventual provisions related to the mechanism to facilitate the implementation and promote compliance, in a manner that is non-adversarial and non-punitive, as defined in Article 15, and as might be decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties in the Paris Agreement; the share of the conditional objectives presented in Section I will be eventually subject to the same provisions – to be the same defined by Uruguay on a case-by-case basis- for that conditional objectives for which enough support had been received from additional specific means of implementation, for the fulfillment of specific measures contained in Section II.iii. V.ii. Main assumptions The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC were defined considering the country’s current path of development, excluding structural transformations in its productive matrix by 2016, and assuming an average inter annual growth of 0.5% in 2017, 2% in 2018 and 3% between 2019 and 2025.', 'Main assumptions The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC were defined considering the country’s current path of development, excluding structural transformations in its productive matrix by 2016, and assuming an average inter annual growth of 0.5% in 2017, 2% in 2018 and 3% between 2019 and 2025. V.iii. Methodological approach for estimating emissions and removals The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC were prepared using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2000 Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2003 Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF, as well as 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for the waste sector. V.iv.', 'Methodological approach for estimating emissions and removals The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC were prepared using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2000 Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2003 Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF, as well as 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for the waste sector. V.iv. Types of objectives and measures that are unconditional and conditional on additional means of implementation The unconditional mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC by 2025, as well as the mitigation measures included in Section II.ii, may include the use of foreign direct investment, the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, as well as various kinds of support from means of implementation, including financing, technology transfer and capacity building.', 'Types of objectives and measures that are unconditional and conditional on additional means of implementation The unconditional mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC by 2025, as well as the mitigation measures included in Section II.ii, may include the use of foreign direct investment, the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, as well as various kinds of support from means of implementation, including financing, technology transfer and capacity building. The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 that are conditional on additional specific means of implementation, as well as the mitigation measures included in Section II.iii, need the support of additional specific means of implementation, with this support being for the most part, but not exclusively, non- refundable and/or concessional public funding.', 'The mitigation objectives in Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 that are conditional on additional specific means of implementation, as well as the mitigation measures included in Section II.iii, need the support of additional specific means of implementation, with this support being for the most part, but not exclusively, non- refundable and/or concessional public funding. In all cases this support will be defined by Uruguay and then reported specifically on a case-by-case basis, and in relation to the corresponding conditional objectives in Section I and/or the measures in Section II.iii.', 'In all cases this support will be defined by Uruguay and then reported specifically on a case-by-case basis, and in relation to the corresponding conditional objectives in Section I and/or the measures in Section II.iii. On the measures in Section II.iii It should be considered that the quantitative definitions in those measures included in Section II.iii, which are also included in Section II.ii, are not in addition to, but rather already include the quantitative definitions of the measures in Section II.ii. On the measures in Sections III.iii and IV.ii The measures listed in Sections III.iii and IV.ii have been deemed to be necessary and priorities by Uruguay to address the challenge of climate change, through adaptation, capacity building and knowledge creation.', 'On the measures in Sections III.iii and IV.ii The measures listed in Sections III.iii and IV.ii have been deemed to be necessary and priorities by Uruguay to address the challenge of climate change, through adaptation, capacity building and knowledge creation. However, the full implementation of these measures will require support from means of implementation, including financing, technology transfer and capacity building.V.v.', 'However, the full implementation of these measures will require support from means of implementation, including financing, technology transfer and capacity building.V.v. Definition of the target year and data sources to facilitate the monitoring, reporting and verification of the NDC mitigation objectives under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement Definition of the target year and identification of sources for verifying the global objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: - Intensity of CO in 2025 (gas/GDP): the annual intensity for 2025 is estimated, with the CO emissions being those reported in Gg in the NGHGI for 2025 and correcting the power generation activity assuming a year of average water availability7, and with the Gross Domestic Product (hereinafter GDP) in 2025 being the one reported by the Central Bank of Uruguay (hereinafter BCU), considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices.', 'Definition of the target year and data sources to facilitate the monitoring, reporting and verification of the NDC mitigation objectives under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement Definition of the target year and identification of sources for verifying the global objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: - Intensity of CO in 2025 (gas/GDP): the annual intensity for 2025 is estimated, with the CO emissions being those reported in Gg in the NGHGI for 2025 and correcting the power generation activity assuming a year of average water availability7, and with the Gross Domestic Product (hereinafter GDP) in 2025 being the one reported by the Central Bank of Uruguay (hereinafter BCU), considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices. The criteria and drivers used for the energy projections, including vehicle fleet projections, are available at the National Directorate of Energy (hereinafter DNE) of the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining (hereinafter MIEM).', 'The criteria and drivers used for the energy projections, including vehicle fleet projections, are available at the National Directorate of Energy (hereinafter DNE) of the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining (hereinafter MIEM). - Intensity of CH and N O in 2025 (gas/GDP): is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 2022 – 2026 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation. With the CH and N O emissions being those of the years 2022 to 2026, estimated in Gg for each gas, reported in the NGHGI, and with 2022 - 2026 GDP values being those reported by the BCU, considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices.', 'With the CH and N O emissions being those of the years 2022 to 2026, estimated in Gg for each gas, reported in the NGHGI, and with 2022 - 2026 GDP values being those reported by the BCU, considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices. Definition of the target year and identification of sources for verifying the specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production - beef: - Intensity of CH and N O in 2025 (gas/beef production measured as kilograms of live weight) is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 2022 – 2026 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation, with CH and N O emissions being those of the years 2022 to 2026, reported in the NGHGI, considering only CH emissions caused by enteric fermentation and manure management, and N O emissions from grazed grasslands and indirect emissions from beef cattle excretions.', 'Definition of the target year and identification of sources for verifying the specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production - beef: - Intensity of CH and N O in 2025 (gas/beef production measured as kilograms of live weight) is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 2022 – 2026 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation, with CH and N O emissions being those of the years 2022 to 2026, reported in the NGHGI, considering only CH emissions caused by enteric fermentation and manure management, and N O emissions from grazed grasslands and indirect emissions from beef cattle excretions. Beef production, measured as kilograms of live weight, in the 2022 to 2026 period, is the production reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the Directorate of Agricultural Statistics (hereinafter DIEA) of the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (hereinafter MGAP).', 'Beef production, measured as kilograms of live weight, in the 2022 to 2026 period, is the production reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the Directorate of Agricultural Statistics (hereinafter DIEA) of the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (hereinafter MGAP). Definition of the target year and identification of sources for verifying the specific objectives of the LULUCF sector - Area of native forests: area reported for the year 2025 in the Forest cartography of the General Directorate of Forestry (hereinafter DGF) of the MGAP. - Area of forest plantations: total area used for forest plantations in 2025, reported by the DIEA, corrected with a 0.77 coefficient in order to obtain the effective management area.', '- Area of forest plantations: total area used for forest plantations in 2025, reported by the DIEA, corrected with a 0.77 coefficient in order to obtain the effective management area. - Area of shade and shelter forests, including silvopastoral systems: area of shade and shelter forests for 2025, including silvopastoral systems, reported in the Forest cartography of the DGF of the MGAP. - Area of natural grasslands: percentage of the area of natural grasslands under good practices management in 2025, reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP. - Area of peatlands: area of peatlands surveyed in 2025 following the methodology of the 2016 National Wetlands Inventory - Inventory for the Merin Lagoon basin and the Atlantic basin.', '- Area of peatlands: area of peatlands surveyed in 2025 following the methodology of the 2016 National Wetlands Inventory - Inventory for the Merin Lagoon basin and the Atlantic basin. - Croplands area: percentage of the croplands area under land use and management plans in 2025, reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP. V.vi. Definition of the values and the base year Definition of values and base year of global objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: - Intensity of CO in 1990 (gas/GDP): it is the relationship between CO emissions in 1990 estimated in Gg of gas and reported in the NGHGI and the GDP of 1990, considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices.', 'Definition of the values and the base year Definition of values and base year of global objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: - Intensity of CO in 1990 (gas/GDP): it is the relationship between CO emissions in 1990 estimated in Gg of gas and reported in the NGHGI and the GDP of 1990, considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices. - Intensity of CH and N O in 1990 (gas/GDP): is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 1987 – 1991 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation. CH and N O emissions of the years 1987 to 1991 are those estimated in Gg for each gas, considered from a reconstructed series of data from the NGHGI 1990 and 1994, and livestock statistics.', 'CH and N O emissions of the years 1987 to 1991 are those estimated in Gg for each gas, considered from a reconstructed series of data from the NGHGI 1990 and 1994, and livestock statistics. The GDP values from the 1987 to 1991 period are used, 7 Given the high interannual variability of the water contributions to the reservoirs of hydroelectric plants, a scenario of average water availability was created, considering available historical data (103 years of weekly water contributions, Source: National Administration of Power Plants and Electrical Transmissions [hereinafter: UTE]) and generating with them 1,000 summary reports that have the same statistical behavior. The optimum expansion of the power generation system for the target demand was projected using the WASP-IV tool.', 'The optimum expansion of the power generation system for the target demand was projected using the WASP-IV tool. This expansion was added to the electrical system modeling being currently used (SimSEE tool).considering a series in Uruguayan Pesos (UYU) at constant 2005 prices. Definition of the values and the base year of the specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production – beef: - Intensity of CH and N O in 1990 (gas/beef production measured as kilograms of live weight): is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 1987 – 1991 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation.', 'Definition of the values and the base year of the specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production – beef: - Intensity of CH and N O in 1990 (gas/beef production measured as kilograms of live weight): is estimated as the average annual intensities in the 1987 – 1991 period, excluding the annual maximum and minimum values in the calculation. CH and N O emissions of the years 1987 to 1991 are those estimated in Gg for each gas, considered from a reconstructed series of data from the NGHGI 1990 and 1994 (considering only CH emissions caused by enteric fermentation and manure management, and N O emissions from grazed grasslands and indirect emissions from beef cattle excretions) and livestock statistics.', 'CH and N O emissions of the years 1987 to 1991 are those estimated in Gg for each gas, considered from a reconstructed series of data from the NGHGI 1990 and 1994 (considering only CH emissions caused by enteric fermentation and manure management, and N O emissions from grazed grasslands and indirect emissions from beef cattle excretions) and livestock statistics. The live weight of beef from the years 1987 to 1991 is the weight reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP.', 'The live weight of beef from the years 1987 to 1991 is the weight reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP. Absolute values CO2 Gg NA NA NA 3.867 NA Relative values - Intensity CO2/GDP Gg/Billions NA NA NA 12.42 NA Base values Gas and activity Unit/year Base value BCF/Live weight Gg/Gg 0.78 O BCF/Live weight Gg/Gg 0.03 Definition of the values and the base year of the specific objectives the LULUCF sector, as appropriate - Area of native forests: area for 2012 reported in the Forest cartography of the DGF of the MGAP (base value: 849,960 ha). - Area of forest plantations: total area used for forest plantations in 2015, reported by the DIEA, corrected with a 0.77 coefficient in order to obtain the effective management area.', '- Area of forest plantations: total area used for forest plantations in 2015, reported by the DIEA, corrected with a 0.77 coefficient in order to obtain the effective management area. (Base value: 763,070 effective hectares of forest plantations area, which accounts for 77% of the total 991,000 hectares used for forest plantations by 2015). - Shade and shelter forests: area of shade and shelter forests for 2012, reported in the 2012 Forest cartography of the DGF of the MGAP (Base value: 77,790 ha). - Area of natural grasslands: surface of natural grasslands under good practices management reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP. (Base value: no data available).', '(Base value: no data available). - Area of peatlands: area of peatlands surveyed in 2016 in the National Wetlands Inventory - Inventory for the Merin Lagoon basin and the Atlantic basin. (Base value: 4,183 ha of peatlands which accounts for 50% of the total area of peatlands in 2016).', '(Base value: 4,183 ha of peatlands which accounts for 50% of the total area of peatlands in 2016). -Agricultural area: agricultural area under land use and management plans reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP (Base value: 1,530,000 ha of agricultural area under land use and management plans in 2016).V.vii International transfer of mitigation results under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Any transfer of emission reduction units carried out in Uruguayan territory must be expressly authorized by a resolution of the Ministry of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment (MVOTMA) acting as the competent national authority for the purposes of implementing and applying the Convention.', '-Agricultural area: agricultural area under land use and management plans reported in the Statistical Yearbook of the DIEA of the MGAP (Base value: 1,530,000 ha of agricultural area under land use and management plans in 2016).V.vii International transfer of mitigation results under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Any transfer of emission reduction units carried out in Uruguayan territory must be expressly authorized by a resolution of the Ministry of Housing, Land-Use Planning and Environment (MVOTMA) acting as the competent national authority for the purposes of implementing and applying the Convention. All GHG emission reductions units obtained in Uruguayan territory that have not been authorized for their transference, shall be accounted towards the achievement of the mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC.', 'All GHG emission reductions units obtained in Uruguayan territory that have not been authorized for their transference, shall be accounted towards the achievement of the mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC. Apart from that, while Uruguay does not rule out taking part in international GHG emissions trading markets, priority is given to the fulfillment of the commitments in its NDC as stated herein. V.vii.', 'Apart from that, while Uruguay does not rule out taking part in international GHG emissions trading markets, priority is given to the fulfillment of the commitments in its NDC as stated herein. V.vii. Non-binding interpretation of global mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 in relation to the economy presented in CO equivalent Common metrics assessed by the IPCC NGHGI sectors Non-binding interpretation of 2025 mitigation objectives Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, Including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector are not considered) V.viii.', 'Non-binding interpretation of global mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 in relation to the economy presented in CO equivalent Common metrics assessed by the IPCC NGHGI sectors Non-binding interpretation of 2025 mitigation objectives Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, Including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP equivalent GHG emissions intensity regarding GDP (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector are not considered) V.viii. Non-binding interpretation of the global mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 in relation to the economy presented as avoided emissions of CO equivalent before a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real growth of the economy until 2016, and its projection for 2025 Common metrics assessed by the IPCC NGHGI sectors Non-binding interpretation of 2025 mitigation objectives Emissions avoided between 1990 and 2025 before a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real and expected growth of the economy.', 'Non-binding interpretation of the global mitigation objectives of Uruguay’s NDC by 2025 in relation to the economy presented as avoided emissions of CO equivalent before a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real growth of the economy until 2016, and its projection for 2025 Common metrics assessed by the IPCC NGHGI sectors Non-binding interpretation of 2025 mitigation objectives Emissions avoided between 1990 and 2025 before a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real and expected growth of the economy. Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent of avoided GHG emissions in equivalentV.ix.', 'Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent Energy, including Transport; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes of avoided GHG emissions in equivalent of avoided GHG emissions in equivalentV.ix. Non-binding graphic interpretation of the global mitigation objectives and measures of Uruguay´s NDC by 2025 presented as avoided emissions of CO2 equivalent in relation to a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real growth of the economy until 2016, and its projection for 2025: a) According to GTP100 AR5 GHG Emissions in CO2 eq Mt (GTP100 1990-2025 counterfactual projection (emissions coupled to GDP) 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2015 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 1990-2015 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) - Removals projection in CO2 Mt 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) GHG Emissions projection in eq Mt (GTP100 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenariob) According to GWP100 AR2 - 1990-2025 counterfactual projection (emissions coupled to GDP) 1990-2015 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2015 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) GHG Emissions projection in eq Mt (GWP100 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario - Removals projection in CO2 Mt 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC)V.x.', 'Non-binding graphic interpretation of the global mitigation objectives and measures of Uruguay´s NDC by 2025 presented as avoided emissions of CO2 equivalent in relation to a counterfactual scenario of growth of GHG emissions coupled with the real growth of the economy until 2016, and its projection for 2025: a) According to GTP100 AR5 GHG Emissions in CO2 eq Mt (GTP100 1990-2025 counterfactual projection (emissions coupled to GDP) 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2015 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 1990-2015 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) - Removals projection in CO2 Mt 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) GHG Emissions projection in eq Mt (GTP100 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenariob) According to GWP100 AR2 - 1990-2025 counterfactual projection (emissions coupled to GDP) 1990-2015 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2015 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC) GHG Emissions projection in eq Mt (GWP100 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Gross emissions projection (not considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Unconditional Scenario 2016-2025 Net emissions projection (considering LULUCF) – Conditional Scenario - Removals projection in CO2 Mt 1990-2025 removals projections (not considering SOC and according to NGHGI 1990-2012) 2016-2025 removals projections (considering SOC)V.x. Non-binding presentation of 2030 intended mitigation objectives that might be eventually included in the Second Nationally Determined Contribution: Intended objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: GHG 2030 intended mitigation objectives NGHGI sectors (except LULUCF) Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation emissions intensity regarding GDP emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy, including Transport; and Industrial Processes emissions intensity regarding GDP emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste and Industrial Processes O 51% reduction O emissions intensity regarding GDP O emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes Intended specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production: GHG 2030 intended mitigation objectives Food Production Activity Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) Beef production O 37% reduction O emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) O emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) Beef production The Second Nationally Determined Contribution could eventually include additional specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production for rice and milk.', 'Non-binding presentation of 2030 intended mitigation objectives that might be eventually included in the Second Nationally Determined Contribution: Intended objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding GDP: GHG 2030 intended mitigation objectives NGHGI sectors (except LULUCF) Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation emissions intensity regarding GDP emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy, including Transport; and Industrial Processes emissions intensity regarding GDP emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste and Industrial Processes O 51% reduction O emissions intensity regarding GDP O emissions intensity regarding GDP Energy; Agriculture, including Cattle Raising; Waste; and Industrial Processes Intended specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production: GHG 2030 intended mitigation objectives Food Production Activity Intensity reduction of emissions from base year 1990 Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) Beef production O 37% reduction O emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) O emissions intensity regarding beef production (kilograms of live weight) Beef production The Second Nationally Determined Contribution could eventually include additional specific objectives for GHG emission intensity regarding food production for rice and milk. Intended specific objectives of the LULUCF sector: GHG Carbon pools/ Land use categories 2030 intended mitigation objectives Carbon stock maintenance Unconditional Conditional on additional specific means of implementation Living Biomass in Forest Lands Maintenance of 100% of the native forest area of year 2012 in the native forest area of year 2012 At least maintenance of 100% of the amount of forest plantations effective area of year 2015 --- Maintenance of 100% of the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012 in the shade and shelter forest plantations area of year 2012 including silvopastoral systems Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Grasslands, Peatlands and Croplands emissions from SOC in 10% of the grasslands area emissions from SOC in 45% of the grasslands area emissions from SOC in 50% of the peatlands area of year 2016 emissions from SOC in 100% of the peatlands area of year 2016 emissions from SOC in 75% of the cropland area under Plans of Soil Use and Management of year 2016, as well as CO2 sequestration in the remaining 25% of area ---']