The effect of green manure on the productivity of grain crops in the southern part of the Rostov region
The introduction of green manure crops is one of the important methods to compensate the losses of organic matter in the soil. During the last years the amounts of fertilizing of the organic matter and minerals significantly reduced, that increased the deterioration of soil fertility. The use of mineral fertilizers results in soil compaction; it does not keep moisture and becomes a bit swamp after rains. Due to it, the content of humus reduces in the soil and it worsens its agrotechnological and biological properties. D.N. Pryanishnikov (1945) wrote: In the places where there is a great need of organic matter to improve the soils, but there is a lack of manure due to this or that reason, green manure is of great importance. Green manure as one of the fertilizer will become a powerful method to increase the yields and soil fertility. Green manure crops are the plants which increase soil fertility and their use is a part of the system of organic agriculture. Green manure plowdown allows making soil rich with organic matter and promotes its ripping. It's important that it allows reducing the costs of soil treatment due to the active ripping of the surface and subsurface soils with the biological technology by the root systems of green manure. It should be noted that the green manure can't be considered only as the source of nitrogen fertilizer or an organic matter; it gives a complex effect on soil fertility. Green manure crops contribute to the improvement of physical and chemical properties of soil, they prevent leaching and weathering of nutrients, they suppress the weeds that will ultimately contribute to the soil fertility and increase of crop productivity.