New Forms of Existence in the Works of Chinghiz Aitmatov
The subject of the article is the existential and philosophical thoughts of Chingiz Aitmatov, in which he reveals a common existence for all living things. Thus, it demonstrates the unity of the fate of man and nature. In the article, the authors for the first time investigate the new forms of existence revealed by CH. Aitmatov as his contribution to the development of modern existential philosophy. The author substantiates the idea that the great Kyrgyz-Russian writer in his work deepened and developed the traditions of literary existential philosophy. Dostoevsky, N. Berdyaev, A. Camus, K. Hamsun, G. Marquez and others. Based on the analysis of scenes from various works of Chingiz Aitmatov and their comparison with the philosophical positions of existentialism, the authors come to the conclusion that they have revealed the manifestations of the existential principle in completely different phenomena of the human and natural world, spiritual and physiological existence, be it children, animals, death, moral choice, etc. The forms of existences revealed in the course of research in the works of Chingiz Aitmatov are not found in the classics of existentialism, which demonstrates the novelty of the philosophical thoughts of the writer-philosopher. The achievements of this research are due to the use of methods of hermeneutics, system-comparative analysis and philosophical generalization. As a result of the disclosure of existential philosophy in Aitmatov's works, the conclusion is justified that he was not only one of the great humanist writers, but also became a writer-philosopher who made a huge contribution to the philosophy of existentialism; his contribution to the development and deepening of existentialism indicates that the further evolution of existential philosophy will occur mainly in the bosom of fiction.