Physiology of the Kidneys and Water-Salt Homeotasis of Human: New Problems
New approaches to assessing the role of the kidneys water-salt homeostasis in human have been proposed. The idea of the role of the kidneys in the continuous restitution of the ideal composition and volume of the internal environment fluids, the formation of the protein composition of blood serum, its oncotic pressure for maintaining the volumes of intra- and extravascular fluid has been substantiated. The significance and endocrine mechanisms of regulation of fluid reabsorption in the proximal segment of the nephron have been substantiated. The role of the kidneys in maintaining the momentary endocrine status of the blood has been analyzed. The functional and diagnostic value of not only the absolute concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the blood serum, but also their ratio has been substantiated. The idea of the importance of the cascade system of regulation of water-salt balance in the body in mitigating sharp shifts in the physicochemical parameters of fluids in the internal environment during food consumption is formulated. The problem of the functional organization of sensory provision of stable physical and chemical parameters of blood (osmoregulation, etc.) is discussed. An approach has been found for the use of clearance formulas to assess the role of the kidneys in cell volume regulation as one of the most strictly maintained physiological parameters. The problem of the specificity of kidney physiology and water-salt homeostasis in humans is analyzed.