PROMISING VARIETIES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT OF KAMYSHINSKY SELECTION
The article presents the data of a three-year study of the productivity and adaptability of a new variety of spring soft wheat of the Kamyshinsky Furor selection in comparison with local varieties and the regional standard in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The influence of individual elements of productivity on crop productivity is revealed. The data of the analysis of the quality of grain of the new variety and local varieties are presented. Introduction. Spring wheat is the main export and food crop of Russia. Obtaining high-quality grain of this crop is associated with the dry climate of the Lower Volga region, but at the same time, these same conditions reduce its yield. Unsystematic management of primary seed production led to a change in the parameters of the Kamyshinskaya 3 variety. To eliminate these adverse effects, it was decided to improve the variety of spring soft wheat Kamyshinskaya 3 by individual selection, to identify the most productive lines that form high-quality grain, adapted to the dusty smut, cultivation technology and changing weather conditions. As a result of the selection process, the number of lines No. 19 was selected and increased, and later it was called the Zinaida variety. With the help of individual selection from the variety of the Saratov selection Favorite, a promising variety of spring soft wheat Furor was created and submitted for state testing in 2020. Object. The object of research was varieties of spring soft wheat. Materials and methods. Research on the study of various varieties of spring soft wheat was carried out in 2018-2020 at the experimental field of the Kamyshinsky Laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Nursery Breeding of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The soil was typical for the conditions of the dry-steppe zone - chestnut, heavy loam, medium-thick. Humus in the arable 0-30 cm layer of soil contained 1.8-2.4 %, gross nitrogen and phosphorus 0.06 and 0.11 %, respectively. The technology of cultivation of spring wheat is generally accepted for the dry-steppe zone. Weather conditions in the years of research for spring wheat were unfavorable, especially in 2019, which led to a shortage of grain. In 2018, at the beginning of the growing season of spring wheat, a small amount of precipitation fell, which affected the height of the plants, further precipitation allowed the formation of the largest number of grains in the ear, which positively affected the yield of this crop. It should be noted the positive impact of precipitation at the beginning of the growing season of spring wheat in combination with the low average monthly air temperature in May 2020. However, despite the continued lack of productive precipitation and increased temperature, spring wheat has formed a high yield, while having a maximum plant height and a mass of 1000 grains. The area of the experimental plot was 25 m2 in four repetitions. The collection of sheaf samples and harvesting of spring wheat was carried out according to the method of the State Commission. Results and Conclusions. In 2015, a plant was selected from the Favorit variety, which is the standard of spring soft wheat, in the process of varietal weeding, which became the ancestor of the new Furor variety. This plant differed from the standard in large productivity parameters, had significant spinous processes that reached 2.5-4 cm, the plant had 3 well-developed spikelets of 13-15 spikelets each. The number of grains in the ears was 28, 29 and 32 pieces. The weight of 1000 grains was 34.5 g. The variety was red-grain, more in demand in production. The tallest plants of spring soft wheat were formed in the Zinaida variety - 80.3 cm. The plants of the Furor, Kamyshinskaya 3 and Favorit varieties exceeded the standard Tulaykovskaya Zolotaya in height, respectively, by 3; 2.7 and 2 cm. The greatest number of spikelets in the ear was in the varieties Furor and Favorit