THE HETEROGENEITY OF PARENTS AND THE GROWTH OF INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF SIBERIAN CEDAR
Most researchers believed that the theoretical basis of heterosis JW-is genetic heterogeneity of parents biological properties, structural, morphological, functional characteristics and origin. Scanned this hypothesis on experimental data, for the first time in the breeding of conifers, the subject of this article. It sets out the results of 35 years of study in the Bryansk region the growth of intraspecific hybrids of Siberian cedar, obtained by crossing in the North-Eastern Altai 60-85-year-old trees, in varying degrees, differing by the type of sexualization, the energy of growth, the average annual seed crop, the number of annually the fruit-bearing shoots, the energy of the seed and metaprogramming on high profile. Installed enhanced growth of hybrids in vnutripolostnyh families, by crossing parents differing by five highly genetically determined properties, most of all, the type of sexualization, which determines the whole course of development of the organism. It is somewhat weaker in magpiash families, in cooperation with partners of different energy growth and origin, but similar type of sexualization. When crossing parents of the same sex type, the proportion of growing plants in vnutripolostnyh families does not exceed 10 %, in magpiash - 25-36 %. In growing families identified individuals with somatic heterosis. I magpiash hybrids (x subalpine mountain-taiga zone) the true heterosis does not exceed 11-14 %, vnutripolostnyh, subalpine - 21-25 %. Hypothetical heterosis in both groups of hybrids are the same - 24-28 %. Morphological indicators of fast-growing hybrids are an increased number of whorls in medium and thin branches of different diameter and a low angle (90-80°) of discharge at the bottom of the barrel. It is the result of inhibitory impact of growing Central escape on the side. Hybrids with slow growth mainly thick branches diverging from the trunk at an acute angle (60-45°). In the breeding of conifers is experimentally proved the opportunity of obtaining fast-growing hybrids when crossing highly genetically krasnokazarmenny parents.