COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RASPBERRIES AND APPLES IN THE CRIMEA
The results of studying the indicators of the chemical composition of fruits of 10 varieties and hybrid forms of raspberries of average maturity and 10 varieties and forms of apple trees of the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in the Crimea are presented. The research was carried out in 2016-2020 in accordance with the main provisions of the Program and methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops, methods of cluster, factor and correlation analysis. All the studied varieties and forms of raspberries were distinguished by a sufficient accumulation of soluble solids (14.5-16.3%), in the control (Balsam) - 10.5%. High titrated acidity (1.7%) was noted in the varieties Glen Ampl, Persea, Phenomenon, in the control - 2.2%; ascorbic acid in the range from 56.1 to 95.2 mg/100 g - Harmony, Persea, Fantasy, 6/15, 7/15, 9/15, in the control - 38.2 mg/100 g; the sum of sugars (8.5-9.8%) - Harmony, Persea, 7/15, 9/15, control - 9.3%. The values of the sugar-acid index at the level of 6.0-6.4 were in the Harmony variety and in the forms 7/15, 9/15, in the control - 4.2. There was a high accumulation of soluble solids (14.4-17.5%) in all apple samples, in the control variety Tavria - 13.5; titrated acidity (0.6-1.1%) in forms 2-6-13-80, 69-2-08, KV-8, in the control - 0.4%; ascorbic acid (11.1-11.2 mg/100 g) in samples 4-17-ю and 10-72-78, which is higher than the control (10.7 mg/100 g). The amount of sugars varied in the range of 9.9-14.0%. Promising forms 2-6-13-80 and 1-8-ю had high rates (13.1-14.0%). The most significant correlation (r = 0.63-0.91) of the sugar-acid index with such biochemical indicators of raspberry varieties as the content of ascorbic acid, total sugar and taste qualities was revealed. A significant correlation was determined between the dry matter content and the sum of sugars (r = 0.73), as well as the sugar-acid index and the tasting evaluation of apple fruits (0.63). Promising varieties and hybrid forms are identified - sources of high content of biologically active substances in fruits, which allows successful breeding work for quality and increased vitamin content: raspberries - Harmony, Persea, Fantasy, 7/15 and 9/15; apple trees - 1-8-ю, 4-17-ю, 10-72-78, 69-2-08, KV-8.