Fat rendering in an electrochemically activated water environment: technological aspects, safety and quality of the finished product
The work is devoted to studying the influence of physical-chemical and mechanical impact on the process of fat rendering in the presence of electrolyte (catholite) in order to develop an algorithm of fat extraction and obtain a high quality product with adjustable melting point. It is determined that the duration of rendering and heat treatment of raw materials have an equal effect on the index of acid number of ostrich fat. The inverse dependence on the hydrogen indicator of the water phase of the catholite, providing a decrease in the acid number of fat, is revealed. Positive dynamics on the indicator of acid number of ready product at fat extraction with pH of the catholite in the range of 10-10,5 irrespective of temperature and duration of process (acid number of fat did not exceed 0,77 mg KON/g) was established. In the course of fat rendering at the temperature of 50-55 ? and pH of the catolyte not lower than 9, it was found that the peroxide number is in the range of 1.56-1.81 mmol of active oxygen/kg, which confirms the inhibitory effect of the electrochemical environment not only on lipolysis, but also on lipid oxidative degradation. The highest yield of rendered fat was observed at the time and temperature of raw material processing, respectively, 60 minutes and 95 ?, pH of catholite is 10. The use of electro-activated liquid allowed to reduce time of fat extraction by half without significant losses in yield and quality of the finished product. With increase of pH of catolite up to 10,5 it was possible to reduce time and temperature of heatering up to 45 minutes and 75 ? correspondingly while maintaining high value of fat yield that confirms efficiency of electrolyte application and also possibility to set conditions and parameters of rendering depending on the objectives sought. Fat, rendered with the help of electro-activated liquid, does not possess toxicity at intragastric injection to laboratory animal, and also irritating and allergic effect during application on mucous membranes and skin