Art Creativity - Invariant of Freedom in Culture Space
In the article a specific modus of the Russian culture is analyzed: fight for freedom, pursuit to freedom, passion to declare freedom. In the second half of the XX century freedom from bans turned back dependence on requirements. We call this situation replacement of the market by the ideological market in its literal, commercial sense. The part of the article is devoted to study theoretical approaches to the motive of freedom which had a particular meaning in ideas of psychologists, psychiatrists, philosophers in the XX century, and also it had rather deep roots in the aesthetic tradition. Another part of the article is devoted to the proof of that many creators of the XX century were subjects of the specifically understood freedom. Conclusions are drawn: pursuit to freedom and escape from freedom - organically created dichotomy of the post-Perestroika art life. Today freedom isn't perceived by creators as long-awaited happiness. The creator from a free tribune (Meyerhold, Lyubimov, Zakharov) or the keeper of eternal, free from environment, values (Stanislavsky, Tovstonogov, Efros) turned into the keeper of disappearing human integrity. Thus, we prove: the person called to create freely, turns into the person, trying to keep the right for creativity.