THE SYSTEM OF IDEAS ABOUT THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTIVATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY
Motivation is a relatively young, but well-developed area of scientific psychological knowledge and research. As a relatively independent part of psychology, it dates back about a hundred years, but its history begins much earlier, since ancient times, and has not yet been fully completed. In this article, an attempt to reconstruct and present in an expanded way a part of this history from ancient times to the end of the XIX century is made. During this time in the history of the development of problems of motivation psychology, four major periods can be distinguished: the religious-mystical period when the sources of human behavior were attributed to God or devil, as well as other mystical forces; the period associated with philosophical reflections on the soul; the period concerning the understanding of emotions (affects) as the main sources of behavior; the period during which the behavior of man was explained on the basis of will. The article reveals the features of each of these historical periods, names the authors who made the greatest contribution to the development of motivation problems at that time, references are made to their main works in which the problems of human behavior motivation were posed and discussed. It is noted that the psychological problems of motivation of human behavior have been of interest to scientists since ancient times and continues to occupy one of the central places in modern psychology. To sum it up in the article general conclusions about the state of motivational problems in psychology at the end of the XIX century were made.