The influence of composites based on tannins and hydrophobic silica on the germination and morphological parameters of vegetable cultures
Using the new composite materials based on chemically pure organic substances of plant origin, and, as their carrier, highly dispersed hydrophobic silicon dioxide, is one of the promising nanosystems that increase yields when growing organic products. The aim of the work was to develop and investigate the effect of a new efficient composite system for presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops based on tannin and hydrophobic silica AM-1, which would improve germination, germination energy and morphological parameters of plants. Tomato seeds “Bull heart”, pepper variety “Red miracle”, celery variety “Maxim” and cabbage variety “Fruerte”, which were treated with composite preparations, were studied. Hydrophobic pyrogenic silica brand - AM 1-300 and different amounts of tannin -amorphous yellow powder, obtained from grape seeds were used to prepare a series of nanocomposite systems. Such composite systems were applied directly to the surface of the seed before entering into the soil. During the study period, the following parameters were measured: seed germination energy and germination. Biometric observations of germinated shoots consisted in measuring the length of the root and stem. It has been found that tannin can be used as a bioactive additive in the composition of fertilizers for processing vegetable crops, such as tomato, cabbage, celery and pepper. It turned out that unique universal fertilizer for all the studied crops does not exist, but it is possible to identify its own best composite for each type of vegetables that will contribute to the improvement of the morphological and energy characteristics of the sprouts. It is shown that the presence of tannin in the composite has a positive effect on the energy characteristics of the fertilizer and on the development of the root system. Practically, all composite materials increase the germination rate of processed vegetable seeds. At the same time, the vegetation of plants depends on the concentration of the bioactive component, which is part of the composite system. We can recommend the following systems: process tomatoes with T1 composite, pepper - T8, celery -T and T1, cabbage - T7, T9, based on the obtained results, while studying the effect of the obtained composites for presowing seed treatment before planting in the soil.