Church, society and state of ancient Russia: an interaction problem in a creative heritage of VO. Klyuchevsky
The analysis of views of V.O. Klyuchevsky of a problem of interrelation of church, society and state during the Old Russian period is presented in the article. In work the emphasis is placed on the characteristic of an orientation, dynamics and forms of realization of interest in this subject at the famous historian. The majority of researches of Klyuchevsky in which the main object of studying is the Russian Orthodox Church, fall on the earliest period of his scientific creativity. At this time in works of the historian F.I. Buslayev and A.P. Shchapov's influence, enough far from “public school” is felt. It is expressed in methodological orientation of the young researcher demanding consideration of interrelations of church, society and the state in a cultural and ethical, world outlook context, in understanding of church service, an orthodox ceremony as the leading channel on which the church dogma got into public consciousness of ancient Russia, giving to religious representations of the people direct and art, figurative registration. However this installation didn't find practical application in its own researches though, undoubtedly, it was reflected in early interest of Klyuchevsky in works of Old Russian folklore and to zhitiyny literature. Since the beginning of the 70th of the XIX century the historian passed to studying of a subject only in a legal context. These changes found reflections in low marks by Klyuchevsky of the information potential of an Old Russian hagiography. From now on the teoretiko-methodological installations applied by it in characteristics of the Old Russian church and state and public and church relations represented a combination of the principles of legal positivism and social law. This feature defined ideas of the scientist of a place of church in system of public relations of ancient Russia, influenced disclosure by the historian of a question of participation of ROC in the course of the Moscow state construction. Klyuchevsky characterized clergy as part of a public organism, a certain social and legal environment, and the princely and imperial power - as the only source new, developing in the XIV-XV centuries, a state legal order. These installations inevitably had to conduct professor of the Moscow Spiritual academy to such vision of interrelations of the specified “public elements” which could be hardly entered in a framework of church and theological approach to a problem, forced to consider Old Russian church as a legal entity with gradually narrowed action field. Perhaps, these circumstances caused at Klyuchevsky negative dynamics in development of interest in the specified perspective which from 70th of the XIX century more and more gets implicit, indirect forms.