Temperature requirements of local don grape varieties in region of origin
One of reserves of efficiency increasing in viticulture and winemaking branch of the South Russia is work, directed to preservation, studying and using in selection and production of local Don grape varieties which have a number of valuable properties. This research objective is characteristic of temperature requirements and productivity of local Don grape varieties in the region of origin. The material for research were 27 local Don grape varieties from ampelographic collection of All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk). The research period 2006-2015 was characterized by the sums of active temperatures 3584-3992°C, which high for the Rostov region, with average value 3767°C, and 90% of years were provided with the sum of active temperatures 3979°C, while the period of 1961-1990 was provided with the sum of active temperatures 3474°C. Such warming creates conditions for cultivation more late-ripening varieties, than adapted to conditions middle - end of the 20th century. Studied varieties had productional period from 118 to 146 days and temperature requirements from 2740 to 3281°C that corresponds grades from early to medium-late according international classification. The most stable characteristic of the period from the budburst to begin of flowering is the sum of effective temperatures above 10°C which was 294°C in years of a research. Groups of local varieties of various ecology-geographical origins do not differ from each other, i.e. in the process of adaptation to conditions of Nizhny Don there were selected the varieties corresponding to local features and requirements.