Evaluation of spring triticale genotypes by duration of phenological phases, yield and grain quality
The research was conducted in the Moscow region in 2017-2018. Currently triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly a forage crop, but it is also valuable for food use. The aim of the work was to identify genotypes of spring triticale with high yield and good grain quality. The elements of crop structure and grain quality in 6 varieties of domestic and foreign selection, as well as 6 breeding lines obtained by the team of authors were studied. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out by the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the formation of various elements of the crop structure, as well as the quality of spring triticale grain. The duration of the growing season in 2017 was almost 3 weeks longer than in 2018, due to low heat supply. In the current weather conditions of 2017-2018 the plants of the line P2-13-5-2 had the shortest plant height. Line C259 was characterized by the largest grain, medium-dense ear and high yield. Genotypes ‘ Khlebodar Kharkovsky’ , ‘ Lana’ , C238 and L8665 had a stable yield at the standard level. Varieties ‘Lana’ , ‘Sandro’ and breeding lines C259, 6-35-5 and P2-13-5-2 showed a high content of protein and gluten in comparison with the standard ‘Ukro’ . The selected varieties can be used in breeding programs for yield and good quality of grain. Variety ‘Ulyana’ and breeding line C259 were the most productive, adaptive and characterized by good indicators of grain quality. ‘Lana’ variety and lines P2-13-5-2 and L8665 gave bread with a good overall baking score.