The technology of direct cultivation of apple and pear in vitro
Development of technology for deposition of apple and pear in vitro is one of the promising areas of biotechnology that allows you to create a bank of valuable genotypes, and, if necessary, to integrate them in the production of certified plant matheral. Successful storage of fruit and berry cultures in vitro is determined by many factors, of which the influence of culture conditions and growth regulators are the most important, and you should also consider the purpose of the deposit. The aim of the research is the improvement of the main technological methods of storage in vitro, the search for general regularities of the morphogenesis of apple and pear with regard to their genetic characteristics. The optimum ratio of mineral and hormonal composition of nutrient medium, carbohydrates, as well as the conditions of continuous cultivation, which allow to extend the escrow explants on the stage actually micropropagation, depending on genotype, up to 12-46 months and rhizogenesis up to 2-7 months, to reduce the number of subcultivations for 3-5 passages in a single year. The best medium for continuous cultivation is 1 /4QL, which is retained on a 50-100 % of the explants. The increase in the content of sucrose to 40.0 g/l prolongs the preservation of explants for up to 24 months. Joint introduction to the composition of the nutrient medium BAP and ABA increases the rate of reproduction of the pear rootstock PG 12 in 3.8 times, but has an inhibitory aftereffect on the formation of additional axillary buds. The maximum duration of storage of micro plants on rhizogenesis stade is observed in apple rootstock 54-118 - 7 months at 100 % the safety of the micro plants. The use of this technology allows to increase the adaptability of micro plants ex vitro up to 7.7-31.9 per cent.