Lacunarity of Collective Identity of Art Communities (In Case of Art Communities "Mitki," "Fluxus," "Gutai" and "The New Wilds")
In the article, the role of lacunarity of collective identity in process art is identified. On the basis of historical and cultural analysis of the art communities “Mitki,” “Fluxus,” “Gutai” and “the New Wilds,” the author defines lacunarity of collective identity as a cultural phenomenon of postmodernism. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of indicators of lacunarity of collective identity of art community allows to identify and describe the dynamics of the art community as a sociocultural phenomenon, its social capital. The theory of lacunarity is studied in the context of a class analysis as one of the tools of description of the social process and structure of modern art community as a substream. Lacunarity is reviewed by the author as a mechanism of collective identity crisis which requires from the art community to solve uncertainty, problems in the art market. In the article, a correlation analysis of the art community was conducted on variables that satisfy the conditions according to features and ways of social interaction of the art-communities, ways of overcoming lacunarity: behavioral strategies, level of overcoming the lacunarity, risks and uncertainty. If we compare the data for the variable “Features and ways of social interaction of the art community” we can see a clear dominance of the “Mitki” community which shaped the institutional environment in it: the presence and separation of all shared norms, values and interests, interpersonal trust. Self-management, international norms and values, identification with the group are characteristics of the art community “Fluxus.” The most popular way of overcoming the lacunarity is turned out to be a complimentary strategy which is revealed in the development of an eclectic style. This method is historically established for the art community. Moreover, from above described art communities, “Gutai” is an example of corporate ideology. Level of overcoming the lacunarity of collective identity in the art community showed a significantly high level due to their social capital expressed in behavioral patterns of the art community.