Risk Management in the Republic of Tatarstan: Pests and Diseases of the Main Forest Forming Plants
The problem of mass breeding of pests and disease development of woody plants has escalated to the present time, especially in the central and southern regions of Russia. This is due to several factors, analyzed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. In recent years, deficient rainfall and high air temperature during the growing season are observed in the Republic. Lack of precipitation weakens plants, especially when combined with anthropogenic impact and pollution. Such plantations are a favorable environment for further development of pests and diseases. According to the Forest Protection Service in forest stands of Republic mass insect forest pests and pathogens are formed, which are recorded in all parts of the Republic: in the Predvolzh'ye, Predkam'ye, Zakam'ye and Zakam'ye Vozvyshennoe. At the first stage of study were obtained and analyzed information on the main types of pests and pathogens, forming pockets of mass reproduction and significant damage of major tree species of the Republic of Tatarstan. On the second stage - verification of some data on the species composition of pests and pathogens of diseases of woody plants was realized. Survey results of spruce forests have shown that in the Republic an outbreak of mass reproduction beetle is emerged. Breeding areas began to develop in 2010. In 2011, judging by the amount of old dead wood, typographer and, to a lesser degree, engraver, already had a high, but not catastrophic population. In 2012, the area of ​​lesions exceeded 3.5 hectares and the amount of beetles became too large, because was used the bulk of forage resources. Flash breeding thus reached the maximum. The situation in the birch stands belts is extremely dangerous. Typical signs of bacterial dropsy, large sites of infection, leave no doubt that in this case is dealed with epiphytoxics of bacterial dropsy. In the process of birch death builds infectious beginning, and then the neighboring areas are infected.