THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL GROUNDS OF CULTUROLOGICAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING OF THE PAST
The phenomenon of the past is a subject of various scientific disciplines and is considered within the most various approaches - sociological, philosophical, historical, culturological. The last is presented by the works of such researchers as D. Louental, Ya. Assman, P. Nora, L. Repina, A. Vasilyev and others. D. Louental considers the past as “an alien country” - a part of irrevocably lost social reality. He thinks that overcoming of the gap between the past and the present is carried out by means of heritage. He considers memory, history and relicts the main sources of knowledge of the past. The colleagues of D. Louental of the problem under research, conditionally belonging to the memory-studies research group, Ya. Assman and P. Nora share his viewpoint on the issue of the status of the past in space of modern culture and the reasons of strengthening of interest in him. The past, according to them, only therefore came to a proscenium of scientific interests of relevance that in the last decades the gap between traditional (based on natural mechanisms of broadcast of social experience) and modern (artificial) sociocultural communications has become aggravated. At obvious identity and originality of their ideas, it is possible to state existence the general of vectors in consideration of the past, existence of points of intersection in his interpretation. So, all researchers admit, firstly, the extra-subjective nature of the past as product of activity of human consciousness, secondly, his reconstructed character and, thirdly, the modernizing influence of the present on it. At the same time none of them gives his own accurate interpretation of the past phenomenon. Trying to fill this research gap, we have formulated our own definition of this category. So. We understand it as the past indirectly given, reconstructed, determined present and perceived as the past area of group social reality.