About the origin of the Mari interjections addressing pigs and piglets:borrowings from the Russian language
Introduction: the article is devoted to one of the lexical-semantic subgroup of the Mari imperative interjections addressing pigs and piglets, with especial focus on their origin. The interjections addressing animals, including pigs and piglets, have not been the subject of a special research.Objective: is to reveal the Russian borrowings among the interjections in question and to define their place within the system of the studied material. For research the following methods were applied: descriptive (observation, generaliztion, interpretation, classification), comparative-historical (definition of the genetic origin of words), comparative (comparison with the same facts in Russian and Turkic languages). For getting more concrete answers mathematical calculation of the examined data was used as well.Research materials: the research was conducted on the base of materials of modern grammars, special monographs and articles on the Mari language, lexical data of dictionaries (10 volumed dictionary, dialectical, etymological).Results and novelty of the research: in the paper the imperative interjections addressing pigs and piglets have been generalized and systemized for the first time. There were established the sets of words for calling and repelling; they are made taking into account their spread in the main Mari dialects. Altogether there were found twelve interjections with fonetic variants: ten for calling and two for repelling. Sequentially the etymology of the interjections was described. For the latter the lexicographical works on the Russian language were used. According to the results of the etymological analysis the largest part of the examined interjections (nine units or approximately 75%; eights units for calling and one unit for repelling) was borrowed from the Russian language.