Cultural Memory Philosophy and the Citizen as the Subject of its Formation
Introduction. The problem of cultural memory is one of the urgent problems of modern humanitarian knowledge and attracts increasing attention of researchers in many of its fields, including urban studies and urban philosophy, which determines the relevance, scientific and practical significance of the stated topic of the article. The author believes that the study of the city is impossible without the study of its anthropological component, as there are citizens who form, preserve and develop the urban space, based on their own system of values and relying on the common cultural memory of the community. As a result of this activity, type of urban culture is formed (reproducing, remembering, replacing, etc.). Content. In the article three groups of sources are used: theoretical works of cultural and philosophical orientation, memoirs and notes of residents and guests of small “imperial” cities of the XVIII-XX centuries, historical works of the period of the beginning of the XVIII - beginning of the XX centuries. The article is based on a complex cultural and philosophical methodology, the components of which are philosophical and anthropological analyses, typological and comparative methods. The philosophical and anthropological analysis of the culture of the small “imperial” cities of the St. Petersburg province and the citizens as a collective subject of the formation of cultural memory allows us to speak about the inevitability of the transition from the reproducing and remembering types of culture to the replacement and preserved types. The time, causes and mechanisms of the transition from one type to another are determined by the prevailing cultural paradigm and a single system of values shared by the majority of the city's residents. Conclusions. The article draws a conclusion about the influence of cultural memory as a philosophical concept on the formation of a certain type of culture and the need for a comprehensive philosophical analysis of the culture of small towns of the "imperial" cities of the St. Petersburg province, which developed over three centuries. Such an approach allows us to consider the problem of man and the urban environment as two-in-one in the indissoluble connection and interaction of both its components.