BREEDING WORK WITH ALFALFA IN THE MIDDLE URALS
Alfalfa is an ancient forage crop. Currently the alfalfa is cultivated in more than 80 countries in all continents over more than 35 million hectares. One of the main factors hindering the spread of alfalfa, was the complexity of seed production under local conditions in years with a lack of heat or heavy rainfall during the flowering period. Analysis of scientific literature and practical experience revealed that breeding for increased seed productivity of crops in regions with unfavorable conditions for cross-pollination are likely to be of interest in the form of alfalfa, prone to self-pollination. In order to identify source material for breeding with higher seed production, from 1981 began breeding study of alfalfa samples received in the laboratory of perennial grasses Ural research Institute of agriculture using synthetic selection. It is known that a positive effect on alfalfa seed formation is possible only under favorable conditions. In this context, the task is to study the reaction of varieties and hybrids of alfalfa on self-pollination and create high inbred lines. The biggest challenge in creating new lines of alfalfa to Sverdlovsk region remains the selection of plants capable of tripping at a temperature of 20-24 ° C. In this regard, the establishment au-totrophica form alfalfa 1/13 in Lithuanian Research Institute for Agriculture able to self-uncovering at + 15 ° C, confirms the reality of the run-out problem. Tasks for further breeding of alfalfa in the Middle Urals is the creation of varieties with high yield of forage and seed with resistance to abiotic environmental factors, which will continue to expand its area.