Transformation of the Material Culture Elements: Traditional Clothing of the Dagestan Rural Population in the Context of Socio-Cultural Processes in the Latter Half of the 80s. XX - Early XXI Century
The article highlights the process of transformation in one of the traditional material culture elements of the Dagestan peoples - clothing under the conditions of «perestroika», the collapse of the USSR and the post-Soviet period. The basis of the modern costume of the rural population of Dagestan is the clothing of the European type in combination with individual elements of the national costume. Despite the fact that the clothing of the rural population differs from the urban population in greater conservatism, it is less susceptible to the influence and trends of modern fashion. The elements of the traditional costume are preserved in it longer. The gender, age and confessional dress code is more strictly observed. During the studied period it underwent certain transformations alongside the urban dwellers’ clothing. These transformations were associated with the intensified introduction of new types of clothing of the European type into everyday life. The hijab is a variation of the traditional female costume, which gained a certain distribution in Dagestan during the period under study. Despite the growing influence of Islam on many spheres of culture and everyday life in Dagestan, this type of clothing, conditioned by the Muslim dress code, has not become widespread: it is worn by few middle-aged girls and women, even in those villages where Islam traditionally has a strong position. It should be noted that some elements of the traditional mountain costume are still preserved in the clothing of middle-aged and elderly men and women and those employed in cattle breeding. According to the author, despite the fact that the growth of ethnic and cultural self-awareness in the republic, attempts are made to preserve and revive the traditional Dagestan costume. Though in future, the majority of the surviving elements of mountain clothing will be lost. Globalization and urbanization have a great influence on these processes.