Efficiency of mineral fertilizers on chernozems Stone Steppe with various security elements of a fооd
As a result of application of fertilizers of ground are capable to pass both to higher, and on lower levels of fertility. Now arable land ЦЧЗ equally widely is submitted почвами, as with average, so the raised(increased) and high maintenance(contents) of mobile phosphorus and exchange калия. Therefore, with the purpose of increase of efficiency of used fertilizers the big interest represents studying their efficiency on почвах with different classes of complex security elements of a mineral feed(meal). In stationary experience of the GNU Voronezh НИИСХ, lead(carried out) with 1991 on 2009 on three фонах security of chernozem ordinary elements of a mineral feed(meal): average; raised(increased) and high influence of saturation of a crop rotation by recommended dozes of fertilizers - 0 is investigated; 31,5; 99,5; 177,5 kg / úá д.в. NPK. It is established, that increase of a class of security of ground by elements of a feed(meal) from average up to raised(increased) and further high provides increase in efficiency of field cultures accordingly on 8,6 both 9,9 % and improvement of quality of their basic production. The greatest increases of a crop from direct entering recommended dozes of fertilizers reached(achieved) on an average level of security of ground elements of feed(meal) (УОПЭП) - 21,2 %. In process of improvement УОПЭП they were reduced: on the raised(increased) background up to 10,2, and on high - up to 2,3 %. At calculation of dozes of entering of mineral fertilizers under cultures of a crop rotation the new way of the account of a class of security почв is offered by elements of a mineral feed(meal). For this purpose the concept « a base level udobrennosti a crop rotation » is entered and digital sizes of this level for various classes of security are by practical consideration received. At middle class of security the base level удобренности should be within the limits of 100 kg / úá NРК, at the raised(increased) class - 30-40 kg / úá NРК and at a high class - 0. After maintenance of base levels, the further saturation of crop rotations by fertilizers can occur without taking into account initial УОПЭП.