Morphology of multinucleated giant cells in different types of stimulation to reparative regeneration in hernioplasty
Many Russian and international scientists have studied morphological features and the functional role and mechanisms for formation of foreign-body giant cells. However, possible and probably indirect involvement of these cells in regeneration of tissues surrounding the endoprosthesis used in hernioplasty of the abdominal wall is unknown. This status of the issue has determined the aim of this study: to examine morphological features of multinucleated cells during implantation of mesh endoprostheses into the anterior abdominal wall. Material and methods. This experimental study was performed on 1-1.5-year old Chinchilla male rabbits weighing 2500 g. The rabbits were anesthetized with Zoletil 50 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), and Plasmofilter, Esfil, Uniflex + Ag, Gineflex or Gineflex + ApoTr mesh endoprostheses were implanted unser aseptic conditions. Histological sections (5-7 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson staining procedure, and Mallory staining procedure. and immunohistochemical staining for the cell proliferation marker, Ki-67. Results. Multinucleated cells first emerged on day 7 of the experiment; then their number per standard sectional area, nucleus size, and the area occupied by these cells increased. At three weeks after the surgery, these indexes decreased, which was apparently associated with the end of connective tissue remodeling and engraftment. It was noted that in the early stages, multinucleated cells were localized primarily on the endoprosthesis threads, then between them, and later in the inner layer of the formed periprosthetic capsule. Covering the endoprosthesis with a biological material serving as a “shock absorbing” outer layer (with an antimicrobial or antibacterial coating) and simultaneous administration of platelet-enriched autoplasma under the endoprosthesis resulted in emergence of morphologically different types of multinucleated cells in periprosthetic tissues. Conclusion. The identified morphofunctional features of multinucleated giant cells depend on physicochemical characteristics of the endoprosthesis. The ostensible irregular and chaotic localization of multinucleated cells reflects a certain pattern in the reaction of the periprosthetic connective tissue cellular component at different periods of the experiment.