Artistic and technical and technological features of the panagia of the XVI-XVII centuries
The article is devoted to the artistic and technical-technological features of the Russian panagia of the XVI-XVII centuries in the context of a comprehensive study of church vestments and analysis of stylistic trends of Russian jewelry art of this era. The symbolic meaning of panagia, their sacred, semantic and aesthetic function in church vestments is considered. Using concrete examples, the stages of the evolution of the shapes of panagia are traced, the types of tables of contents and their artistic design, as well as variations of pendants are investigated. The author analyzes various techniques, as well as decorating techniques used by Byzantine and Russian masters up to the XV century and traces their development in the panagia of the XVI-XVII centuries. Among these techniques: filigree, chasing, filigree enamel, painting on enamel. Techniques: enamel pearl, spots decoration. The role and place of the gemstone in the decoration of the panagia is considered. Using the method of complex research, the author studies panagia as a sacred subject, examines its technology, artistic features, iconography, compositional and coloristic structure in the stylistic evolution of monuments. The author comes to the conclusion that the development of diplomatic and trade relations, continuous and fruitful interaction with Eastern and Western jewelry art diversified and enriched the national ornamental artistic language of the XVI-XVII centuries with new technologies and decorative motifs.