NEW VARIETIES OF OIL CROPS OF BRASSICACEAE FAMILY SELECTED BY PENZA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
This article presents the economic-valuable signs of new varieties of oil crops of cabbage family selected by Penza Agricultural Research Institute: Camelina silvestris pilosa - Penzyak, Kozyr, Baron; Camelina sativa - Yubilyar; Crambe abyssinica - Polet, Demetra; Raphanus sativa - Fiolina; Sinapis alba - Lutsiya, which are included in the State Register of selection achievements and are recommended for all areas of cultivation. The tremendous interest in Camelina is linked to the fact that it successfully combines high-potential seed yield (2.5 t/ha) with high content of oil (36-40%) and protein (25-30%). Camelina oil is used as food or for technical purposes. Kozyr variety has high and stable productivity of seeds up to 2.3 t/ha and is characterized by early maturation. Its vegetation period is 294 days. Seeds are quite large, 1000 seeds weight reaches 1.35g. Fat content in seeds is - 41.6%. Winter Camelina Baron variety is early maturing one; the average vegetation period is 292 days. Seeds are large, 1000 seeds weight reaches 1.65 g. This variety has high seed yield - 2.5 t/ha. The fat content in seeds varies between 39.0-40.5%. Oil ratio is high and reaches up to 0.90 t/ha. A new variety of camelina Yubilyar was the first result of the false flax selection, which could increase the size of the seeds significantly: 1000 seeds weight of the new variety reaches 2.2 g, which is 1.5-2 times higher than the existing varieties of Camelina sativa have. The value of the varieties of Crambe abyssinica Polet and Demetra is determined by high yield of seeds (up to 2.92-3.10 t/ha), high oil content in the seeds (up to 43.6-46.2%) and fatty acid composition of the oil. Due to the high content of erucic acid, long-chain (up to 59.0%), Crambe seed oil is of interest, primarily, for technical purposes. Yields of Raphanus sativa and Sinapis alba under the conditions of Penza region reach an average - 2.39 and 1.94 t/ha, respectively, oil content- 40.1 and 20.6%. The introduction of new varieties of oil crops with high-productivity potential contributes to improving biodiversity in crop production and using seeds for processing into oil of food and industrial purposes.