Clinkerless Cement and Low-Clinker Cement Concretes
The vast majority of construction manufacturers are provided mainly with expensive cements, produced on the basis of Portland cement clinker obtaining of which is associated with the clinker burning in rotary kilns at high temperatures and is accompanied by a large consumption of fuel. The elimination of the stage of high-temperature treatment of clinker during the manufacturing process will manifold reduce the energy resources consumption and significantly decrease capital expenses. In the construction there are many types of work, in which it is technically possible and economically feasible to use clinkerless and low-clinker binders, contributing to the savings of high-quality Portland cement. Traditionally slag-lime binders are characterized by a low grade, but changing the composition, using various acid active mineral additives and combining the traditional materials with the vast use of industrial wastes makes it possible to obtain clinkerless binders and low-clinker binders of sufficiently high activity. The mentioned compositions are recommended to apply not only for construction mixes, but also for concretes of various types: from cellular to heavy. Currently, there are all conditions for the widespread introduction of effective materials and technologies in the construction using local raw materials and anthropogenic wastes of industry.