"Total responsibility of the answer" is considered as the hermeneutic principle of M.M. Bakhtin's philosophy
In this article some substantive provisions of hermeneutic contour of philosophy of M. Bakhtin are revealed and considered using the material of his early products. So the analysis of article of Bakhtin «Art and responsibility » allows to open problematics of the whole and integrity which is important for understanding of his hermeneutics. The mechanical connection of different parts in one whole is opposed to internal unity of sense. From a problematics of the whole the problematics of unity which is found only in the person is born. A condition and the guarantor of unity is the unity of responsibility: «That I have worried and have understood in art, I should answer with the life that all endured and understood doesn't remain inactive in it». On the model of mutual relations of «art» and «life» Bakhtin designates the principles which are of great importance for understanding his hermeneutic ideas.The understanding is connected with an ideological complex «I should answer with all my life» and also with effectiveness in the sense of detection in activity. The analysis of this complex reveals: the structure of the person, a problematic of obligation, the idea of the answer (before Another), and at last the total character of the answer (both for myself, and for another the person). Without this total responsibility of the answer it is im possible to say that something is understood. Guilt is connected with responsibility as the death is connected with life. The guilt is a responsibility in the modus of death of the person. Therefore we can tell about the value of the mortal person and the value of death of the person for a hermeneutics. Thus, total responsibility of the answer is an understanding condition: «I should answer with the life» + «I should answer with the death».Esthetic vision opens one more modus of the person - the person as «a hero». The hero of his own product. In wider context (the early treatise to «Philosophy of the action ») - he is the hero of life. «Hero» can be «bad» or «good», in any way it doesn't change his place in life - to be the valuable center. «Hero» appears as grace for us. Value of the person is to be grace. And this grace doesn't mean deleting the borders between «good» and «harm». This grace doesn't recognize anything in the quality of «the last word», or «point». Grace is not to reconcile everything, but to manage to accept everything. And exactly because of it grace has got a hermeneutic value.