Implementation of the productivity potential of forage crops in the west of the Briansk region
In the non-black soil zone of Russia on sod-podzolic and floodplain soils, the adaptive properties of forage crops of the bluegrass family were assessed in terms of ecological stability and plasticity and the effect of mineral fertilizers on them according to the yield criterion. The analysis of changes in the yield of forage crops was carried out from 2009 to 2015. It was characterized by different weather conditions. As a result of the research, it was found that the environmental index varied over the years from -6.36 to 6.08. The highest adaptation coefficient was observed in Sudanese grass (1.37) and millet (1.33). The smallest yield variability was found in the cultivation of awnless brome (10.8 %), millet (13.2 %) and annual ryegrass (14.6 %). The highest stress resistance was found in one-year ryegrass (-6.00) awnless brome (-6.20) and oats (-6.50) - the main forage crops in the study area. The minimum value of the yield range in contrasting conditions was set in millet (20.4) and awnless brome (22.0). The most stable crops in obtaining the harvest were two-source reed, annual ryegrass, Scleranthus, meadow fescue and Sudanese grass. Sudanese grass, millet and oats were the most responsive to changes in cultivation conditions. The most intense (bi = 2.40, and Sd 2 = 0.39) fodder crop in the western Briansk region is Sudan grass, while millet and oats are highly responsive in combination with low yield stability. The awnless brome reacts poorly to the improvement of external conditions, but has a fairly high yield stability. The use of mineral fertilizers increases the environmental index, adaptation, variability of the yield of forage crops, increases the gap between the maximum and minimum yield, and also enhances the stability and reduces the responsiveness of crops to environmental changes.