Systemogenesis of Convicts' Adaptation to Stress
Consideration of the dynamics of the formation of system «adaptation-readaptation» of convicts from the viewpoint of the theory of functional systems developed by P.K. Anokhin makes it possible to eliminate contradictions of an interdisciplinary nature and approach the construction of a syncretic model of behaviour not only of an individual subject, but also of a community of convicts. The work of the integral functional system (FS) of adaptation-readaptation at different levels of organization of its private subsystems (coping behaviour and others) can perform a positive function and be accompanied by the complete re-socialization of convicts. Basing on the intersystem approach and humanitarian knowledge of the spiritual sphere of human the authors attempted to conduct an interdisciplinary study of the role of psychological mechanisms involved in the activity of the functional system «adaptation-readaptation» and the structure of this subsystem in the form of resources of coping behaviour. The study shows that the highest form of personal resources at the psychological level is spirituality - the spiritual epilevel of metapsychological human reserves or the spiritual layer of consciousness according to Zinchenko V. P. The spiritual resource acts as the main regulator of the functional system «adaptation-readaptation», realizing the resources of the underlying levels of different types, which ensures the coordination, start-up and management of the components of all the sub-structures of the adaptation reserves. Resocialization of convicts can be achieved through psycho-pedagogical approaches aimed at the positive transformation of properties, traits and intentionality of their subjective world, which ensure personal spiritual development - the main goal of the penitentiary practice.