PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
It was revealed that in the mountain-meadow subalpine soil, air pores accounted for from 14% in the upper layer to 3.9% at a depth of 0.9-1.0 m. The volumetric mass varied depending on the cultivated crop (from 1.3 up to 1.6 g / cm3). The best water permeability was characterized by the sowing of winter rye and oats - 0.2-0.3 mm / min. High water resistance was: a) natural vegetation (55- 60%); b) perennial grasses (46-50%); c) cereals (48-50%), and the best soil protection is the sowing of perennial grasses of the first and second years of use with a soil protection coefficient of 0.88-0.92, winter rye (0.89) and the lowest (0.24 ) potato planting. On average, for 3 g, the grain yield in oat crops was 1.57 t / ha, winter rye 4.03 t / ha, perennial grasses (green mass) - 69.8 t / ha of the first and 59.61/ ha of the second year of use, Potato tubers -19.5 tons / ha.