The Three Manifests: the Landmarks of the Views of Intelligentsia in the 20th Century
The article analyzes the main content of the three basic manifestoes produced by Russian intelligentsia at the beginnings of 20th century: «Problems of Idealism» (1902), «Signposts» (1909), «From the Depth» (1918). The program of the first almanac consisted in the affirmation of idealistic liberalism and Christian socialism; the main theme of the second one was the criticism of leftist radicalism from the standpoint of philosophic conservatism; the third one was devoted to the revelation of antichristian and antinational essence of Russian revolution of 1917. The common point of all the three manifestoes was the alternative to revolutionary Marxism vision of philosophic, social, ethical, national and political problems.