LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A. I. HERZEN’S "MY PAST AND THOUGHTS"
The article presents a speech and behavioral analysis of the first four parts of "My Past and Thoughts" by A. I. Herzen, covering his life and revolutionary struggle in Russia from 1812 to 1847. We attempted to apply a linguistic approach to A. I. Herzen’s text in order to emphasize a culturally significant ideological quest in the circles of democratically minded intelligentsia. This study is based on the concept of speech and behavioral tactics of E. M. Vereshchagin and V. G. Kostomarov, who study them in correlation with the concept of sapientem (a theme per se). They understand this term as a coupling of several ideas, primarily ontological and ethical ones, which are a priori an innate nonverbal consciousness (knowledge and ethical attitudes). These researchers believe that at the deep level of human mentality these tactics express an integral intentional meaning and on the surface they exist in verbal implementations. Speech and behavioral tactics (as well as their verbal implementations) belong to the nation’s spiritual knowledge. They are social and are used by all native speakers; therefore they can be characterized as clichéd. This paper deals with groups of tactics, glorifying equality, freedom, friendship, brotherhood, patriotism and reflecting an important piece of Russian national culture - appreciation of morality, accompanied by "a primordially Russian commitment to humanism". It is concluded that: 1) the historical component of speech and behavioral tactics continues to be relevant today, the time, characterized by the weakening of axiological human priorities, the growth of individualist sentiment expressed in verbal aggression, ethnic conflicts and an improper system of attitudes to wealth; 2) speech and behavioral tactics express thoughts of proper human equality, freedom as liberation from slavery, despotism and violence, friendship as a desire for communion and spiritual unity; brotherhood built on a dialog, ignoring social differences, solidarity and patriotism, manifested in love for the homeland and its people, and in the struggle against foreign domination.