CHANGE OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN SPRING DURUM WHEAT GRAIN IN THE PROCESS OF BREEDING OF HIGH YIELD VARIETIES
The negative relationship between grain yield and protein concentration in it, manifested in the process of breeding potentially productive varieties, may in the long run lead to a decrease in the nutritional and technological value of new wheat varieties. In this regard, to determine the strategy, a clear understanding of the situation at a particular stage of breeding is necessary. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the results of breeding durum wheat for yield and protein content in grain and to search for high-yielding varieties of various breeding centers of Russia with a sufficient level of protein accumulation in grain. The objects of research were 9 varieties of competitive strain testing (CST) of the Samara Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences and 29 varieties and breeding lines of ecological strain testing (EST) in four points, the originators of which were 5 scientific institutions of Russia - the Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural of the South-East, the Samara Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, the Don Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Research, the Omsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, the Altai Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The CST varieties represented 4-7 stages of durum wheat breeding at the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. Varieties of EST were also represented by 4-7 stages of breeding in Russia and breeding lines from the Institute of Agricultural Research of the South-East, Samara Research Institute of Agriculture and Altai Research Institute of Agriculture. The following results were obtained: 1) an increase in the protein content in grain while maintaining the intensity and adaptability of the production process at the level of the previous stages of breeding (cultivar Solnechnaya 573), 2) a significant and stable improvement in yield properties during the selection process is not accompanied by a decrease in protein content in the grain (cultivar Bezenchukskaya krepost), 3) a significant and stable improvement in crop yields during selection is accompanied by a significant decrease in protein content in grain (varieties Bezenchukskaya niva, Bezenchukskaya 210), 4) in condition Barnaul negative correlation productivity features and the protein content in the grain is weaker or less clearly expressed, resulting in a variation intervarietal - significant in terms of yield and low on protein concentration.