Linguistic Situation as Factor of Specific Purposes Language Functioning
The article is devoted to the problem of the links between the type of linguistic situation and functioning of the language for special purposes in a multilingual society. The different interpretations of the concept of “linguistic situation” in sociolinguistics, basic types of language situations, as well as objective factors and parameters to highlight them are considered. The focus is on the linguistic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is generally characterized as national-Russian bilingualism, however, it is stated that in some areas of professional activity, in particular in the field of aviation, this bilingualism is complicated by the presence of a third language - English. The author argues that the language of serving the aviation sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan has a three-part structure and includes the state language (Kazakh), the official language (Russian) and international language (English). It is reported that in the Kazakh language as the state one the laws and regulations are published, paperwork in the field of aviation is done; Russian language plays the role of the language of professional training and oral professional communication, administrative work and the most important documents publishing; English is used as the language of radio conversations and professional international contacts.