EVERYDAY ECONOMIC LIFE OF RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IN UDMURTIA IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD (EXEMPLIFIED BY ZHERNAKOV''S FAMILY)
The paper deals with the daily economic life of the Russian peasant family in the post-reform period. As an example, the history of the Zhernakov family, who lived in the village of Pazdera in the Sarapul district of the Vyatka province, is considered. The author reveals some adaptation mechanisms of peasant economy under the conditions of activation of market processes, based on the correspondence between family members and zemstvo statistical material on the Sarapul district. The article reveals that the multipurpose nature of the peasant farm, a combination of agriculture, livestock and crafts, allowed farmers to survive and to find new sources of revenue. Peasants were engaged in non-agricultural work. Because of the small land allotment, agricultural work alone did not provide the family with subsistence. Crafts were a means of stabilizing the financial situation for Zhernakovs. The development of capitalism created opportunities for the evolution of craft activities to business activities. Natural, geographical and personal factors played an important role in business development.