Diagnostics of coping prerequisite: approbation of the questionnaire "Types of orientations in difficult situations"
Representation of a difficult situation is traditionally considered as an important prerequisite for coping. However, the scientific literature discusses the problem of theoretical (at the level of concepts) and methodical (at the level of constructs) confound of coping and its cognitive prerequisites. The article proposes a solution to the question based on the description of orientations in difficult situations. We propose a descriptive model, which includes 8 orientations: 5 orientations characterize the focus of efforts on the approach of difficulties (Drive, Thoroughness, Threat alert, Obstacle orientation); 3 - to avoid difficulties (Escape, Inaction, Insouciance). On the basis of this model, the questionnaire “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situations” has been developed. The results of psychometric testing of the method on a sample of adult respondents (n = 465) are described. The results of confirmatory factor analysis verify the presence of 8 scales in accordance with the theoretical model. The constructive validity of the technique is demonstrated when compared with other coping strategy questionnaires. For the Orientation on the obstacles, both supposed and unexpected connections were obtained. The application of the questionnaire is connected with the new possibilities of studying the representation of the situation, which implies the achievement of a significant and difficult goal.