Methods of explosive excavation of solid rock in mining and construction
The preparation of strong rocks for excavation using drilling and blasting operations has a number of disadvantages that limit the application of this method. With the advent of powerful bulldozer-loosening aggregates, hydraulic excavators and mining combines it became possible to conduct mechanical loosening of rock massifs with relatively high productivity. Studies are continuing on the possibility of improving the mechanical methods for preparing strong rocks for excavation, in particular by weakening the massif with additional workings in the form of holes or slots. Unconventional methods have been developed with the preparation of solid rocks for excavation using surfactants and gas pressure generators for spur. Non-explosive methods ensure safe excavation near structures, railways and highways, specially protected areas. The use of mechanical excavation methods makes it possible to effectively develop strong rocks in conditions of limiting drilling and blasting operations.