PRODUCTIVITY OF SAFLOR "CÁRTHAMUS TINCTÓRIUS" IN VARIOUS MOISTURE SECURITY CONDITIONS
The results of a comparative assessment of safflower varieties in contrasting moisture conditions in the north of the Astrakhan region are presented. On the basis of the studies carried out and the obtained experimental material, the most promising ones were identified among the introduced samples, which can be used as a source material for breeding work. The data obtained showed that under irrigation conditions, the yield increased on average for 2019-2020. by 0.03 ... .0.57 t / ha in comparison with rainfed, but its absolute level was still low and was in the range of 0.23 ... 1.05 t / ha. Introduction. The sharply continental climate and geographical position of the Astrakhan region have a negative impact on the development and prospects of agricultural production. Natural and climatic conditions of the region are characterized by severe moisture deficit, poor and saline soils. More frequent droughts, accompanied by an increase in air temperature, adversely affect the growing season of many agricultural crops. To obtain high yields and competitive agricultural products, it is necessary to introduce crops that are more adapted to the conditions of a sharply continental climate. Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorium L .) is more robust than any other oilseed crop when grown in arid conditions. Object. The article presents the results of two-year research of 25 collection samples of dyeing safflower under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Materials and methods. Based on the data on soil moisture and temperature for the growing season, the water balance of safflower crops for 2019 - 2020 on dry land and irrigation was calculated, data on the norms and number of irrigations are given. A comparative assessment of safflower productivity under conditions of natural and irrigated moisture is given. Results and conclusions. The increase in yield on irrigation was 0.07 ... 1.02 t / ha in 2019, and 0.14 ... 1.03 t / ha in 2020. The results obtained in the experiment made it possible to identify promising safflower varieties from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov: on bogara - Akhram, Milyutinsky 114, Sinaloa-90 and Zhivchik, on irrigation - Zhivchik, Akmai, Milyutinsky 114, Shahalli-260, Shirkas, Center 70 and Krasa Stupinskaya.