MUSEUMS, LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES: RETURN TO INTEGRITY OR PRESERVE IDENTITY?
Recently, discussions on the integration of heritage institutions - museums, libraries, archives - have become much more acute. Modern studies explain the need for the synthesis of these institutions by the genetic community of their origin in the form of a syncretic documentary institution, the generality of functions, the new acquisition vectors for “non-core” types of documents, the interchange of technologies and communication models. A. V. Sokolov characterizes the documentary nature of these institutions through the concept of semantic information. But the information and documentation approach is not sufficient for the analysis of document modes specific for different documentary institutions. A subtler instrument for studying the document in the heritage system is a cultural analysis that allows us to consider the problem from the point of view of cultural-historical conditioning and the conditions of social relevance of institutions, as well as the needs that they satisfy. The subject of the study in the article is the cultural interpretation of the reasons for the differentiation of the syncretic documentary institution and the emergence of various modes of the document in the system of preserving social information. Particular attention is paid to the socio-cultural specifics of the museum document, as well as its “fitting” to the conditions of the library social institution. The differentiation of the syncretic documentary institute and the specification of documents were due to the need for the reproduction of culture through specific cultural forms of documentary communication. These forms determined the specialization of the established documentary institutions - the museum, the archive, the library. Their essential differences in the future were reflected in the formation of an industry normative base of institutions, technologies, competencies of professionals, special organization of the object-spatial environment. Reality, which is perceived externally as a synthesis of institutions, in essence is the realization of marketing approaches. This form of implementation of the synthesis seems to be incorrect. Prospects for integration are seen in the search for matching, correlating strategies. Their development is a factor of sustainable development and preservation of the identity of established documentary institutions, which at this stage are more relevant than a return to integrity.