FEATURES OF AN ESTIMATION OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SOIL PROCESSES IN MOUNTAIN PASTURES AND THE PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF SOILS
The aim of the work is to assess trends in the development of soil processes in mountain pastures and to establish the impact of natural conditions and anthropogenic impacts on the process of soil degradation and land productivity. As a result of generalization of materials of previous years and matching them with the data of the route research was carried out on the basins of major rivers Samur, Cirocha, Sulak et al. found that the main factor influencing the trends of soil processes in the mountains of Dageston is elevation. It is connected with it not only the change of the Kli-Mat, vegetation, but also human economic activity. The direction of the slope and the anthropogenic factor also have a huge impact on the processes of soil formation and the development of degradation processes in soils. The slopes South and close to it exhibits more dry, snow on them lasts not long, but rapid snowmelt. For this reason, the vegetation here is sparse and denudation pro-cesses are stronger. According to observations over the past 50 years, the soil is in economic circulation lost from 0.5 to 1.2% of humus, and some soils humus content decreased by 1.5 and 2%. The annual soil washout averages 12 million tons, which carries away about 50 thousand tons of humus. Not normalized grazing on pastures, a real disaster, which leads to a strong visitaste, tropicality and izrazavanja vegetation. As a result, when the projective coating is reduced to 20-30%, the volume of long-term erosion is 5-7 times greater than when the projective coating is 70-75%. Modern processes of soil formation are influenced by global warming of the climate, differences in water-thermal regime of soils on the slopes of different exposures in the system of high-altitude zonation and strong development of erosion processes caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. In order to protect soil resources and restore soil fertility, it is necessary to carry out a set of anti-erosion measures including crevice every 3-4 years, regularization of grazing and uniform grazing taking into account the exposures of the slopes. Key words: mountain, landscape, soil, vegetation, exposition, trend, pastures.