Assessment of collection samples of winter wheat by elements of productivity under drought conditions in the steppe zone of the Rostov region
The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS in 2017 - 2019. The article presents the results of studying selectively valuable traits of 223 collection local varieties and other varieties of various ecological and geographical origin. In drought conditions, the sources of yield, productive bushiness, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear, grain weight per plant, spike grain size and winter hardiness were identified. As a result of the research, they were identified as donors of economically valuable traits for breeding winter bread wheat. With high and stable yields - Don Lira, 1192/11, Governor of Don (Russia), Slavna, Victoria Odessa (Ukraine), Sarwa (Poland); coarse-grained with a mass of 1000 grains - Donskaya lyre, Kapitan, Tanais, 1192/11, 906/11 (Russia), Vindara, Odeska 267, Charodyka Belaya Tserkovnaya (Ukraine), Lars (Germany); with increased productive bushiness - Zg 7057/69 (Yugoslavia), Omskaya 4,906/11, Governor of the Don, Tanais, TM 04, Donskaya lira, Voyage, 719/18 (Russia); with a high mass of grain from an ear - Hermes (Germany), TM 04 (Russia), Slava (Switzerland), Don Lira, Governor of Don, 719/18, Tanais (Russia). Sarwa (Poland), Zg 7057/69 (Yugoslavia), Omskaya 4, 906/11, Governor of Don, Tanais (Russia) were characterized by the maximum grain mass per plant. Structural analysis revealed the best indicators of economically valuable traits in varieties of local selection. In the breeding program, it is recommended to use varieties of the local gene pool.