Textforming function of the symbol "bell" in European and American poetry of the end of 18th - 19th cc. and Russian translations
In this paper we analyse the textforming function of the symbol "bell" on the material of the European and American poetry of late 18th - the end of the 19th centuries. The choice of the poetic material is not accidental. Creativity of the poets of this period is considered to apply to the period of romantic and symbolic areas in literature, a distinctive feature of which was expression of meaning through symbols, polysemantic images. As the material of the study, we examined English poems of poet-mystic William Blake, American romantic poets Henry Longfellow, Edgar Poe, French symbolist poet Charles Baudelaire. In the analyzed poems the symbol "bell" is the most important semantic content of the text, implementing a wide range of topics: religious faith, peace and war, life stages of human life, the world peace, creativity and creative aspirations, love. This symbol refers to the content of poetry, which may affect the phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. The ambiguity of the image is embodied in the semantics of the considered poetic texts, reflecting the combination, the relationship and interaction of various regulatory and even opposing worlds, which promotes a holistic view-image picture of the world. The selection of words, their combinatorics, position, location in space of the text determine not only the surface meaning of the plot, but also a deeper meaning, in particular, show the interaction and dynamics of the worlds in the general integrity of the image picture of the world, uniting heaven and earth, man and nature. Of great importance is the syntactic construction of a poetic text, which can be expressed through the rhythm of the poem, and ultimately the author's view is conceptually meaningful. Sound proposition is presented in the poems by various lexical means, but the sound remains the same object. Sound proposition has an important function - it simulates the spatial comprehension of the world. The understanding of space is inextricably linked with the binary opposition of the earthly and heavenly, divine and human, fleeting and eternal. Interacting with each other, the oppositions may contrast and overlap each other, creating, thus, the system of conceptually possible worlds. Textforming function of the symbol "bell" is manifested in the functioning of specific and recurring concepts: war, God, realizing in the system of oppositions: art - war, love - war, world - war, God - man, God - the nature of God - creativity, etc. Using specific oppositions in the text of the poetic text is determined by the author's conception of his philosophical system of beliefs, as well as the theme of poetry.