PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF GREEN MASS IN ANNUAL GRASSES WHEN VARIOUS METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE
Sustainable increase in productivity and quality of forages in terms of resource-saving is relevant. During 2018-2020 in the soil and climatic conditions of the South-East of the Central Cernozem Reserve in FSBSI «Voronezh Federal Agricultural Research Centre named after Dokuchaev», the influence of soil minimization techniques on the productivity and quality of the green mass of annual grasses was studied. It was found that the largest number of feed units and raw protein per hectare of annual grasses (peas + oats) for green fodder in the conditions of the South-East of the Central Chernozen Region is provided by the system of blade tillage to a depth of 25-27 cm - 31.8 cwt/ha and 5.42 cwt/ha of raw protein. The use of minimization techniques of tillage leads to a decrease in the yield of feed units for shallow blade and surface tillage by 5-10 %, and for zero tillage - by 58 %. With the minimization of tillage, there is a tendency to reduce the quality of the green mass of annual grasses. The use of shallow blade, surface and zero tillage reduced the nitrogen content in the grass by 13.3, 15.6 and 8.7%, respectively, and potassium by 9.5, 11.1 and 10%. In the supply of annual grasses green mass with phosphorus, direct seeding is at the level of blade tillage. The use of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 for annual grasses leads to an increase in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the grass green mass. Statistical data processing found that in the soil and climatic conditions of the South-East of the Central Chernozem Reserve, soil nutrients are most effective for improving the green fodder quality when they are concentrated in a layer of 10-20 cm and 0-20 cm.