Influence of agromeliorative measures on the density and water yield of sodpodzolic soil when irrigated with livestock runoff
The article discusses the results of long-term field research on irrigation of perennial grasses with livestock runoff. The aim of the research was the experimental justification of land reclamation measures and drainage-free run off during irrigation of land with runoff from pig-breeding complexes. Experimental studies were conducted on a specialized reclamation system in Orsha district of Vitebsk region, where the soil cover is represented by sod-podzolic loamy soils. The experimental design included 8 options. As a result of research, it was found out that irrigation with livestock runoff leads to compaction of the upper soil layers. In the arable layer of 0-20 cm, the additional density increased from 1.26 to 1, 32 g/cm3, or 4.8 %, compared to the control, and in variants with irrigation and drainage measures, the compaction was somewhat less. In the soil layer of 0-40 cm, deconsolidation was greater only in the variants with soil deepening and loosening by 4 %, and when applying straw - by 5.1 %.In the 0-60 cm layer, a decrease in the density of addition was observed only in the variants with deep loosening and the introduction of straw. It was also found out that soil water loss varies over time. It is most intense in the first 2-3 hours and almost completely stops after 10-18 hours for monoliths with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 m, and in monoliths of 1.0 m, after 36-48 hours. The highest intensity of water loss was registered in options 5, 6 and 7. The lowest was in the control variant and option 2, where no land reclamation measures were taken. In options 5, 6 and 7, a decrease in the intensity of water loss by years was noted. Thus, in option 5 in 2000, water loss amounted to 0.9 mm / h, in 2001 - 0.87mm/h, and in 2002 - 0.85 mm/h. Similar patterns were revealed in options 6 and 7. In the control option and option 2 without agro-reclamation measures, the intensity of water loss also decreased. The decrease in the intensity of water loss over the years is associated with changes in the density of the soil caused by anthropogenic impact on it. First of all, with compaction by farm machines and ongoing irrigation of perennial grasses.