The contribution of the Khludov merchants to the development of primary education for the children of workers of the Smolensk province
The article discusses the features of the organization of primary education in the Smolensk province of the second half of the 19th century on the example of the Khludov school of the Yartsevo settlement. The activity of merchants-philanthropists in the dissemination of primary education in factory schools, including aesthetic education, is shown on the example of the school at the Yartsevskaya manufactory. The article concludes that the emergence of the first schools at the factories of the Khludov merchants contributed not only to obtaining qualified specialists, but also to the development of music and art education in the Smolensk province of the 19th century. At the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries. in the Smolensk province of the Dukhovshchinsky district, the merchants Khludovs created conditions for obtaining primary education for the children of workers. Young workers were trained simultaneously in the labor skills necessary for working in a factory and primary education at school. The basics of aesthetic education (needlework, gymnastics, singing, landscaping gardens), familiarization with art (shadow theater, cinema) contributed to an increase in the moral component of the development of the personality of children and adolescents. Considering the fact that in the XIX beginning. XX centuries the opening of schools at factories was not obligatory by law, merchants and entrepreneurs on their own, using their budget, actually distributed domestic education in the provinces. Entrepreneurs were also interested in qualified specialists.