Search for donors and genetic sources of valuable traits of high productivity and environmental sustainability in the breeding of winter triticale varieties for the Central region of the Non-Chernozem region
In the process of long-term testing of variety samples of the world gene pool of triticale, the authors summarized the previously obtained results of the experiments of the Moscow branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry named after N.I. Vavilov (2006 - 2012) and the Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture “Nemchinovka” on the inheritance and genetic control of quantitative traits of winter triticale. It has been determined that for the traits of productivity and quality of grain in diallel crosses (DIAS) an additive-dominant inheritance pattern is characteristic. The main contribution to the formation of productivity indicators is made by dominant genes. According to their concentration, it is possible to establish the prospects of individual crossing combinations. Recessive genes make the main contribution to the formation of the characteristic high protein content of grain. The donors of plant productivity were determined (triticale lines PRAG 468 and ADK 1369, cultivar Nina). On this basis, using genotypes of domestic and foreign origin in crossings in MOVIR and the Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture “Nemchinovka” (now FRC “Nemchinovka”), new highly productive (up to 12 t/ha) varieties were created: Efremovskaya (high-stemmed, 120 - 125 cm), and also Hera with a shorter stem (105 - 110 cm), resistant to lodging. In 2019, the high-stemmed (up to 125 cm) Capella variety, created jointly by the Federal Research Center Nemchinovka and the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, was entered into the State Register of the Russian Federation - coarse-grained, resistant to fungal diseases, with a high degree of tillering during spring regrowth of plants. In 2021, the short-stem variety Arcturus was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation, which forms grain with a high content of protein and raw gluten. FRC “Nemchinovka” solves the problem of creating triticale varieties with a yield of more than 12 t/ha of grain of high technological standards, resistant (tolerant) to snow mold and septoria.