REVIEW THE MAIN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE WIRELESS CHARGING OF ENERGY ACCUMULATORS FOR SMALL-PURCHASING SYSTEMS
Urgency of the research. The development of new topologies, methods for calculation and optimization of semiconductor transducers for WPT systems will allow to increase the electric energy transmitted wirelessly, extend the range of frequency regulation, which will reduce the time spent on recharge of electric vehicles and increase the convenience of using WPT systems by reducing the sensitivity to precise positioning of receiving and transmitting elements, which will become a prerequisite for more active introduction of electric vehicles and electric vehicles. In conditions of different ecological, demographic, economic situation in the world, the individual electric transport is becoming more and more popular. Solving the set tasks will create preconditions for the implementation of WPT in many spheres of society, both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole (private transport, military equipment and equipment, household electronics, etc.). Target setting. Now methods of wireless power transfer (WPT), based on the phenomena of electrostatic and electromagnetic induction, are widely used in various applications. WPT method is widely used today in low-power systems - wireless charging of mobile phones, razors, toothbrushes, low-power vehicles. The main constraints of such systems are low efficiency at high transmission distances and relatively large mass-size parameters of the elements, which in turn leads to high cost of WPT system. Recently, there are more and more consumers who need to transmit contactless method of electric energy from units of kilowatts or higher. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The analysis of the state of research shows that the subjects of research on the improvement of wireless charging systems are constantly expanding and are extremely relevant, in particular, abroad. Especially considering the development of electric vehicles, there is growing interest in wireless charging of vehicles. There is also a solution to the inductive power transmission system for low and high voltage power supplies. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. If static and dynamic charging of electric cars is devoted to many articles and developments, then the individual means of travel are paid less attention, so the design of low-voltage wireless charging for electric bikes, electric scooters, and velomobiles is a promising area of research. Modern research is aimed at achieving lower cost and improving the efficiency of wireless charging systems for such vehicles. The research objective. The main tasks are to review and compare existing topologies, calculation methods, and optimization of WPT systems. The statement of basic materials. In the first part of the article general information about principles of operation and application of capacitive and inductive method of wireless transmission of energy are considered, advantages and disadvantages, efficiency are presented. The emphasis is on magnetic resonance communication, the main compensating topologies are considered. Graphs of the dependence of the transfer function of the WPT on the frequency for the serial-serial resonance scheme are constructed. The probable dependence of the distance between the transmitter and receiver is separately presented. In the second part of the article an analysis of the existing power semiconductor topology WPT based on inductive coupling and various compensating topologies. Initially, inductive energy transmission systems for low voltage power supplies are analyzed. The topologies of primary and secondary dc-dc converters are selected and compared from the point of view of the required nominal power and efficiency. The WPT system based on the current inverter and the compensating resonance PS-topology for electric vehicles and devices for charging the battery are analyzed. An interesting article is considered, which analyzes and compares the proposed onboard electric vehicle charger based on an impedance link with a conventional OBC. The following is a variant of the topology and cost-effective design of antennas for the transmission of wireless energy in electric scooters. In addition to purely circuit design, other solutions in the field of power electronics are considered, which will improve the efficiency of wireless power transmission. A new high-performance planar approach is presented for the integration of all magnetic components of the primary-parallel isolated enhancer converter into the structure of the form E-I-E-core planar integrated magnetic (PIM). Conclusions. The article gives an overview of the main technologies of wireless charging of energy storage devices for low-power systems. It has been found that the inductive mode of energy transmission is most effective now. At the same time, it should be noted that with increasing transmission distance, efficiency falls significantly. The improvement of the geometry of magnetic components is the main focus of research in this direction. The main topological solutions of power electronics circuits are reduced to the implementation of four main methods of compensation for obtaining sinusoidal voltage. That is, for different tasks, different topologies are selected with those or other modifications, depending, first of all, on the power that needs to be transmitted and the load. Further research may be aimed at reducing the number of semiconductors and alternative ways to realize compensation.