Study of the Source Material of Tomatoes, Obtaining Pure Lines and Organizing the Primary Seed Breeding
Tomato occupies a leading place, which, with a wide variety of crops grown in the republic, are of great importance in human nutrition. The research was carried out within the framework of the draft State Program the approved National Strategy “Conservation and rational use of genetic resources of cultivated plants” for 2017-2020 in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as in other branches of agriculture, is of great importance in the selection work carried out in the field of vegetable growing. Tomato, which occupies a leading place among a wide variety of vegetable crops grown in the republic, possesses great importance in human nutrition. Zoned varieties of tomatoes that differ in taste and aroma were threatened with extinction under the environmental impact factors, for a number of objective and subjective reasons, currently there are very few genetic variations of these varieties in farms or they are on the verge of extinction. The National Genbank stores the seeds of these tomato varieties, which are currently very valuable in tomato breeding as donor samples adapted to local conditions. In breeding, the gene pool is considered an indispensable material. An important task facing breeders in our time is the effective use of this invaluable “golden fund” in the creation of new, high-quality, locally adapted varieties and hybrids. The article deals with the use of sampling and sorting operations in the selection programs by establishing pure lines for the recovery of vitality and life cycle of seeds of regional, high quality and productive tomato varieties protected in the National Gene Bank established under the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics.