Breeding-Oriented Study of Triticale under the Conditions of the North- Caucasus Region
The aim of the research was to identify the initial materials for the breeding of new triticale varieties adapted to the specific conditions of the North-Сaucasus region. The work was carried out in 2012-2017. The soil of the test plot was medium thick slightly humic ordinary chernozem, medium loamy in granulometric composition. The territory weather conditions are moderate continental. The summers are hot and dry. The material for the study was 100 variety samples of triticale from 10 countries, including Russia. 29 varieties and lines belong to the original selection of the North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Сenter. Variety samples sown on plots with an area of one square meter. 20 high-yield variety samples were selected. The average yield of these varieties was 859.4 gram per square meter and varied by samples from 808.2 gram per square meter (PRAG 204/5) to 946.8 gram per square meter (Ratne). The coefficient of variation of yield by the yeard variated by samples from 19 % (Ratne) to 43.6 % (Ardalion). Сorrelations relationship between the homeostability (Hom) and yields variability (V) (r=-0.91), the homeostability and plasticity (bi) (r=-0.86) were very close negative. The high rate of homeostability had six samples: Ratne - 9.35, Grado - 6.28, Dagro - 4.51, Kharroza 2 - 5.80, Garmoniya - 4.05, L. 18503 - 4.27. Low ecological plasticity were typical for Ratne (bi=0.56) and Kharroza 2 (bi=0.66) varieties. High homeostability and high ecological plasticity combined Dagro (Hom=4.51; bi=0.87), Garmoniya (Hom=4.05; bi=0.94), and L. 18503 (Hom=4.27; bi=1.08) variety samples. All yield-selected genotypes were mid-ripening, by the height - medium-grown and tall-grown, by the length of spike and number of spikelet - long-spiked and many-spikelet. Number of grains in the spike, number of grains in the spikelet, the weight of grain from the spike and the grains plumpness were very variable from year to year (V>20 %).