ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS GRAIN LEGUMES IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES VOLGA SAMARA
The article presents data on the characteristics of accumulation and the nature of the localization of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn in plants pea (Pisum sativum) and soybean (Glycine hishida) confirming that the agro-ecological conditions of the Samara Volga allows you to create phytomass grain legume with a concentration of heavy metals is much lower than the MPC. With the advancement of pea crops from north to south, and a typical black soil humus content in the plants of southern Zn, Cu, Co and Mn is reduced by an average of 14,9-32,0%, while Cd and Pb increased by 1,3-2,0-fold compared with plants grown on leached chernozem. The bulk of the absorbed by plants of Cd, Pb and Co, as the pea northern zone and southern deposited in the underground phytomass. As the stem gets an average of 1,3-3,0 times, and beans in 2,1-6,4 times less toxic than the root. However, Zn, Cu and Mn in relatively large quantities are being transported to the generative organs, which is obviously due to the physiological needs of plants and their participation in the synthesis of macromolecular compounds (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), and, Mn - to a greater extent. Soya bean with almost equal amounts of peas absorption of Zn and Mn in the same agrousloviyah, almost 2,0 times more absorbing Cd, 1,2 times - Cu and 1,3 times - So. However, with respect to Pb soybean exhibits selectivity by accumulating its 18,5% smaller than peas. The total amount of metals accumulated up to 51,56 mg per 1 kg of air dry biomass, which is 2,6% less than in pea. Just like the peas, the maximum number of elements, except Mn, soy isolates in the root system and only a small fraction of Cd, Pb and Co is able to overcome the "biological barriers" and migrate to the beans. The accumulation of Mn, Zn and Cu in the aerial part is largely subject to the laws identified in pea, a significant number of them present in the beans.