CREATION OF A HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE VARIETY OF SOYBEAN BY CLASSICAL BREEDING METHODS
Introduction. The growth in world production of soybeans is accompanied by an increase in breeding and seed production. In the Russian Federation, the intensification of the soybean production industry is constrained by the contrast in the manifestation of meteorological conditions and the need to introduce early ripening varieties of this crop. The development of early varieties for such promising regions of the union as the Lower Volga and North Caucasian regions is a very relevant direction based on the use of local experimental starting material at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, Federal Scientific Center «All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds named after V. S. Pustovoit» and Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Agrarian University». Object. Highly productive soybean variety. Materials and methods. Methods of classical breeding (hybridization and selection) from long-term - 2014-2020. An early ripening variety of soybeans was created and registered by the development of hybrid and varietal-linear material (in the State Register since 2020, patent of the Russian Federation No. 11288 dated 20.10.2020). Competitive and ecological-geographical variety testing showed that the new variety under irrigation conditions provides a harvest of 3.15 t / ha for 108 days of growing season with a content of 39.1% crude protein in seeds and is well suited for mechanized harvesting due to the high attachment of the lower beans on the plant (0.17 m) and lodging resistance of medium-sized (0.17 m) plants, which has an advantage over the standard. The high drought tolerance of the variety is confirmed by the data of the Elansky State Variety Testing Site of the Volgograd Region for 2018, where the registered variety gave 1.55 t / ha of grain in crops without irrigation, the standard is 1.4 t / ha. In the same year, in the Voronezh region, the new variety provided 1.56-1.78 t / ha at the Bobruisk and Yaryshevsky State Variety Testing Site, exceeding the standard variety Lantsentnaya by 0.41-0.63 t / ha. Moving to the north (53-54 ° C) of the Tambov State Variety Testing Station formed 1.85 t / ha of grain, keeping the rate of early maturity up to 105 days. Results and conclusions. Thus, the growth of the sowing of the new variety will increase the yield and the intensification of import substitution of this crop.