SPECIFICS OF INFLUENCE OF DYNAMICS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ON THE CROP CAPACITY OF WINTER RYE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE URAL
The rate of an average yield samples of a winter rye in a competitive testing changed from 1.58 t/ha (1998) to 6.98 t/ha (2011) in last 25 years with using a stabile agrotechnology. The correlation analysis between value an average yield and an mean air temperature and a rainfall in basic stage and month of vegetation of winter rye showed a low degree of influence this factors on yield (r = 0.3-0.4). Establish that the duration of winter period (r = -0.590) and a hot weather in June (r = -0.781) influence negatively on a yield. The analysis that done separate by years with a low, medium, high yield of a winter rye allowed to ascertain dynamics investigation factors that were a reason reduction of an yield. In years with a high yield, a cycling of temperature and a rainfall were closer to mean annual indexes. Changes of weather conditions occur little by little and stress situation did not happen. In years with a low yield, sowings of a winter rye were in a stress situation connected with hot and dry weather or an excess rainfall in the time of an active vegetation an autumn, a spring, a summer and frosty, long winters. Also, change of weather conditions was very fast during for short time. Plants had not the opportunity to realize the productive potential, because they were adapting to change of conditions. In years with a mean rate of a yield distress situations functioned in an autumn and winter period, but spring and summer conditions were better than in years with a low yield. Received results confirmed that weather conditions (dynamics of air temperature and rainfall) are reasons a strong reduction of a yield of winter rye on the Middle Ural.