Confrontation of Civilizations in the North-West of Russia: Novgorod period
Three basic stages of confrontation of Russian civilization and the Western European one at the territories of Novgorod from the 13th to the 15th century are regarded, i.e. from the battle of Neva (1240), besiegement and destruction of Landskrona (1301) - to foundation of the Oreshek fortress upon an island at the estuary of river Neva, and signing of the famous Oreshek treaty, promoting ‘eternal peace’ (1323). Focal points of inclusion of this cultural heritage into city structure, architectural and monumental texts of St.Petersburg, are presented.