INFLUENCE OF SOIL TREATMENT AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON AGROPHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER SUGAR BEET CROPS
The article presents the experimental material of the multifactorial stationary experience of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of the KubSAU. We have determined the role of mineral fertilizers in the formation of the productivity of sugar beet cultivated while minimizing the main processing. The object of research is the sowing of sugar beet from the Carioca hybrid. The predecessor is winter wheat. Experiment scheme. Factor A - (basic tillage): option 1 - control (moldboard plowing at 30-32 cm); option 2 - chisel loosening by 30-32 cm. Factor B (the rate of mineral fertilizers): option 1 - control (without fertilizers); option 2 - recommended (for the main tillage from autumn - N80P80К80; option 3 - intensive (calculated) dose of mineral fertilizers (for the main tillage from autumn N120P120К120). In the experiment, the generally accepted methods were used. It was found that the soil structure was influenced by the tillage. The highest structural coefficient was observed in moldboard plowing, at the beginning of the growing season it was 1.19, and at the end of the growing season it was 1.78. The most optimal indicator of soil density was obtained when It is the moldboard tillage that provides the optimal soil density under the sugar beet throughout the growing season. At the beginning of the growing season it was 1.18 g / cm, in the middle of the growing season 1.24 g / cm, by the end of the growing season 1.26 g / cm. The degree of aeration in our experience was more than 15% in all variants of the experiment, for the soil of our experience this indicator is optimal. The highest degree of aeration was obtained with chisel loosening and a dose of mineral fertilizer 120P120К120. The highest porosity was obtained with moldboard plowing and a dose of mineral fertilizer N120P120К120.