THE ANALYSIS OF REGULARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF ALLELES OF AVENIN-CODING LOCI IN DOMESTIC SELECTION OAT VARIETIES
Prolamin-coding loci have been successfully used as marker systems to identify adaptively significant gene associations. Oat prolamins avenins are inherited by groups and controlled by three independent loci: Avn A, Avn B, Avn C. The aim of the research was to study the relationship between geographical distribution of alleles of avenin-coding loci in oat samples and natural and climatic factors to identify alleles-markers of adaptively significant gene associations. The materials for the study were individual grains of 39 varieties and lines of oats of Russian selection of different ecological and geographical origin. It was found out that 14 samples had been homogeneous in the component composition of avenin. The remaining samples contained from 2 to 9 biotypes. The groups of samples originating from different regions differed in the frequency of occurrence of ACL alleles. Among the alleles of Avn A locus, A2 was the most common, and B1 and B4 alleles were characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence at Avn B locus. Of the alleles of Avn C locus, C2, C3, and C1 had the highest incidence. 6 groups of regions were identified, where the varieties with similar allelic composition of ACL were obtained in the process of selection. It was found out that isolated groups significantly differed in the frequency of occurrence of 11 alleles A CL: A1, A2, A4, A7, B1, B2, B3, B4, C5, C6a and C7. These alleles are promising for using as markers of adaptively significant traits. It was established that A1 allele acted as a marker of moisture-loving genotype, B2 and C6 mark drought-resistant genotypes. Alleles C3 and C5 mark thermophilic genotypes, and allele C6a - genotype, preferring cool and humid climate. The alleles of Avn C locus play the greatest role in the process of adaptation of individuals and in the marking of genetic systems that determine the severity of adaptively significant traits.