SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP OF SURSKAYA VARIETY OF CENTRAL RUSSIAN ECOTYPE WHEN GROWING IN YEARS WITH VARIOUS HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS
In Soviet times, hemp breeding was a major supplier of raw materials for the textile industry. In addition to fiber, hemp provides seeds from which valuable vegetable oil, presscake, as well as medicines can be obtained. Wood of stems, shives, is successfully used for the production of artificial fibers, paper and building materials. To revive the hemp breeding industry in Penza Oblast on the fields of the agricultural firm OOO Konoplex Penza in 2017-2019 hemp of Surskaya variety was sown on leached chernozem. The reserve for increasing the yield of industrial hemp and obtaining quality products is a more complete use of natural factors and the maximum realization of the biological potential of the variety. On average, over three years, the length of the growing season of industrial hemp was 110... 118 days, depending on the weather conditions of the year. The sum of active temperatures varied from 2017.8 to 2203.6°C, with daily average air temperatures of 17.6... 19.4°C. All three years of research were characterized by insufficient moisture, however, favorable conditions in 2017 at certain development phases contributed to a high yield of seeds of 0.95 t/ha, which is 0.35 and 0.1 t/ha higher than in 2018 and 2019 years respectively. The oil content in the seeds was 30... 32 %.