IMPROVEMENT OF SWEET CHERRIES VARIETIES ON THE BASIS OF MODERN BREEDING IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF RUSSIA
The effectiveness of cherry breeding is largely determined by the presence of the extensive genetic potential of this culture and the correct selection and use of donors and sources of value traits. The main purpose of research is an improvement of assortment of sweet cherry due to creation of new varieties and combining in their genotype the complex of positive traits with a high level of adaptability. The research were carried out on considerable varietal and hybrid materials at the experimental sweet cherry's orchards. Using a wide variety of genetic traits, we have obtained a breeding material, which serves as the basis for allocation of promising new sweet cherries varieties. The regularities of traits inheritance of large fruits and covering color of fruits are defined. The donors and sources of new economic and valuable traits are allocated. Using the donors and sources of valuable features and modern methods of breeding a series of new sweet cherries varieties is created in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. These varieties correspond to the modern requirements of intensive gardening and allow to create the conveyor of high-quality fruits of early maturing. The majority of the specified varieties are going to the state test now.