Culturological Problems in Interaction of the Myth and Stereotype in Modern Public Consciousness
Problems of the essence of the myth, its role in consciousness of the person and in regulation of the public relations are considered. The myth is considered as something designating, the main components of contents of the myth are considered (belief, knowledge and so forth), the nature of relationship between them is presented. Communication of myths and archetypes is considered (K. G. Jung). Special attention is paid to political mythology, its negative and positive components. An assessment is given to the system of Stalin political mythology, the reasons of its wide circulation in consciousness of the person of the totalitarian type, a role of manipulations, replacement of knowledge by belief and so forth are shown. Myths are presented as the system of replacements of the truth. It is shown how the myth gets into consciousness of the person and social group, becomes a basis of attitude, psychological and other ideas. It is explained why the prejudice acts as a form of firmness of the myth. The difference of mythological realization of society of democratic and autocratic types is shown. Mechanisms of mythological possession by the masses are described: through the system of the state (national) ideology; through the system of beliefs of the mythological type; through the system of the media forming public opinion for the benefit of a certain customer; through the system of the political bodies and movements created for the benefit of a certain type of political participation; through the system of socially oriented address influences to specific groups of the population; through the organized system of Soviet «prestige». An assessment of the role of stereotypes, including in political reality is given. Assessment of stereotypes as means of designing (not reflection) of social reality is presented. Stereotypes are presented, first of all, as means of legitimation of ruling regime, the existing political and legal system. The reasons and features of stereotypification of the political relations in totalitarian and in democratic societies are allocated.