Theoretical Models of Multi-Level Pedestrian Spaces
The article deals with urban multi-level pedestrian spaces (hereinafter-MPS). The author's definition of the object of research is given. A universal author'sclassification covering the whole spectrum of modern MPS and making it possible to organize them in the architectural theory is developed. The main identifyingsigns making it possible to establish belonging of MPS to this or that type are defined and investigated: belonging to MPS, number of pedestrian levels, form ofpedestrian levels, presence or absence of dominant function, the location of the main pedestrian level relative to the ground level, determination of the functionalpurpose of the main pedestrian level. The most common types of MPS in the urban environment are determined by statistical method, their functional zoning isanalyzed. The functional features of MPS at each level, as well as functional differences of the same types of MPS depending on the urban situation are revealed:in the historical development of the city center, modern development of the centre and the periphery, on the landscape-recreational territories of the centre andthe periphery. Theoretical models are proposed that make it possible to rationalize the functional and planning structure of the MPS and three groups of functionsincluding public interior, public recreational and communication-transport.