Mitosis physiology and pathology during study of kinetic parameters of growth of epitelial origin
This article presents results of a study of proliferative activity of moderately differentiated tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma in the mammary gland of cats. The studies were carried out on the basis of Interdepartment Scientific Center of Veterinary Medicine of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University. Pathological material was obtained by excisional biopsy in accordance with the rules for taking biomaterial for histological studies. The biopsy material was freed from formalin by rinsing in tap water for 12... 24 hours. Slices of20... 30 mkm thick were obtained using a freezing microtome MZ-2. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the standard technique. The parameter of mitotic activity of tumor tissue, the mitotic index, was calculated as the number of mitoses per 1000 cells of the tumor parenchyma, measured in the areas with the highest proliferative activity of the neoplasm on the periphery of the tumor node. Cell nuclei in a state of physiological rest, as well as at the stages of mitosis and apoptosis, clearly visible on photographs of the microscope visual fields, were marked in a graphic editor and counted using the ImageJ program. Based on the data of histological diagnostics of biopsy material slices, such kinetic parameters of tumor growth as mitotic activity were studied - the mitotic index, the number of mitoses in the field of view, the proportion and types of pathologies of cell division, and the cell loss factor, numerically measured in the form of the apoptotic index were calculated. Based on the obtained data, a characteristic was given of the growth rate and invasiveness of this neoplasm of epithelial origin, as well as a prognosis of metastatic activity, the risk of recurrence and the likelihood of complete morphological regression of tumor tissue after radiation and chemotherapy.