State analysis and global trends in the cultivation of european olives
Aim. To analyze the scientific and technical literature, to identify trends and prospects for world production of olives. Discussion. Olive is one of the most cultivated fruit crops in the world. It surpasses the main fruit crops in the area of cultivation: apple, pear, peach and nectarine, apricot and orange, and is second only to coffee. In the period from 1994 to 2017 a significant tendency of increasing this value from 7.66 to 10.8 million hectares was noted. In addition, world fruit production is steadily growing from 11.47 million tons (in 1994) to 20.87 million tons (in 2017). The main producing regions of this crop are Europe (67% of world production), Africa (15.4%), Asia (15.3%). South and North America (2.1%) and Oceania (0.2%) make a minor contribution to the global production of olives. The leading countries-producers of olives are Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Portugal and Algeria. The most efficient production of olives was observed in the USA and Egypt (11.97 and 11.45 t / ha, respectively), which is associated with the use of highly productive orchards of the intensive type and the cultivation of modern cultivars of olives. Main conclusions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the area of cultivation, gross yield, yield of olive. Despite the fact that Europe maintains a leading position in the production of olive fruit, according to FAO, there is a significant increase in production in Africa and Asia. Different efficiency of cultivation of olives is noted by countries, which justifies the use of highly productive orchards of intensive type with high planting density, as well as the use of modern high-yielding cultivars.