"If someone has a fire, from the great sovereign to be in great punishment..." evolution of fire protection in Russia in the XVII century
The article attempts to analyze the formation and development of the fire and patrol service in the Moscow kingdom as part of the design of the Russian autocracy. The unstable nature of the development of Russian society during the transition to autocracy is represented by a whole range of problems: prevention and extinguishing of fires, mobilization of human resources, equipping Russian fire fighters and the need to solve the task of training professional personnel. As the author has revealed, during the 17th century considerable progress was made in the organization of extinguishing fires in the Russian state. Among other measures - the project of territorial division of the capital into plots; duty of citizens to fire fire: 24-hour duty, necessary bypass of the territory at night, performed in the next order; organization of immediate extinguishing of the source of ignitions and localization of the spread of the flame. Established by Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, the service fire protection existed until May 1804, when it was abolished and removed from the townsfolk, by the introduction of professional fire protection. The author traces the main trends of evolution in the firefighting system of the XVII century. The materials of the article are presented by an analysis of legislative sources that reveal the features of the functioning of the system of measures for the prevention and prevention of fires in the Moscow kingdom. One of the characteristic trends traced through the texts of the key legal acts of the era is the strengthening of state intervention in the problems of ensuring fire safety, as well as the strictest regulation of the fire service in the first centuries of state formation.