Agroecological aspects of herbicides application in winter wheat plantings
They are presented agro-ecological aspects of herbicides application in winter wheat plantings. Soil microbial activity was determined by the histolysis intensity (linen). The degree of crops contamination was determined before spraying, 30 days after spraying and before harvest. It is proved that herbicides in recommended amount do not have a negative impact on soil microflora: some effect appears only in the beginning and then a stimulating effect occurs. By harvesting the winter wheat degree of the histolysis linen on plots treated with herbicides was significantly higher control. They actively inhibit weed flora. It is established a reduction in the total infestation of winter wheat due to the aftereffect of herbicides used in crop rotation under preceding crop. On experimental plots infestation decreased by 88,9-93,4%. The effectiveness of herbicides to harvesting was 82,7-86,6%. An average herbicides contribute to greater safety of plants by the time of harvest by 5-6%. It was found out that the elements of the structure of the winter wheat crop are correlated with the efficiency of the preparations. The highest yield increase was after fenizan and cowboy - 2.33-2.52 t/ha, that is 0,36-0,43 t/ha higher than the control. After administration of fenizan (37.25 g), cowboy (37.28 g) elant (36.97 g) luvaram (36.90 g) it was received filled grains with weight per 1,000 kernels. Administration of fenizan, cowboy elant and provides effective protection of winter wheat against weeds. To reduce the possible negative aftereffects of herbicides in crop rotation it is necessary to administrate different preparations (resistant, unstable and relatively persistent), alternating between them in relation to the environmental conditions of the area, taking into account the biological self-purification soil capacity