Conceptualism in the modern architectural environment (an example of city sculpture)
The article is devoted to the actual direction in the field of design - to the design of the urban environment, art objects and sculpture as their private type. The sculpture still is the frequent instrument of filling the subject and the spatial environment of the city, method of orientation the person in city space, a point of an attraction of the pedestrian, the object of educational and esthetic function, and also the object of performance. The article considers the separate modern direction in the field of city sculpture -conceptualism. The purpose of this direction - to introduce the ideological component of the object to the viewer by modern instruments of representation. The authors reveal the features formation of conceptualism in art and sculpture, the evolution and interrelation with other areas of fine arts, design and architecture. The conceptualism was formed in the 60th years of the twentieth century. It has proclaimed the main instrument of art - the idea the form followed by. The conceptualism is always directed to the reasoning of an object and has found a way out in city sculpture, as in art which is close as possible to the person. From the middle of the 20th century the sculpture has lost monopoly for the classical determination as a threedimensional object. It is possible to allocate several primary subjects lifted today by conceptualists: social problems, political problems, individual's problems, environmental problems, global problems of mankind. The brightest tools which force the viewer to attract attention are: provocation, satire, philosophy and others similar. In an article on the example of modern sculptors the called conceptual tendencies are considered.