Prospects of Agricultural Energy Development and Problems of Maintenance of Ecological Balance in Biosphere
The paper explores the role of energy sector in agriculture and its effects on environmental pollution. The necessity of the transition from petroleum fuel to renewable energy sources is justified. It was found that physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel fuel do not comply with the GOST requirements due to the presence of the methyl esters of high-unsaturated carboxylic acids. It is proved that the direct hydrogenation of biodiesel components reduces the number of multiple bonds, but sharply increases the melting point and boiling point, which makes the recovered fuel unsuitable for practical use in diesel engines. For the first time it was found that ethereal motor fuel composition can be produced by mixing high-biodiesel and low molecular weight esters. The optimal sources of vegetable raw materials for the preparation of high-fuel components are found. The starting materials and reaction parameters for the esterification of low molecular weight component are selected. A process for producing a composite organic fuel is developed. A process scheme of synthesis of high and low molecular weight components of the ether composition are proposed.