Assessment of the nutritional value and environmental safety of mare’s milk and kumis
The research is devoted to determining the safety of mare’s milk and fermented milk drink «Kumis». As you know, mare’s milk contains proteins such as lactoferrin, alpha- and betalactalbumin, immunoglobulin, lysozyme, serum albumin. At the same time, the body immune system includes lysozyme and lactoferrin, which are involved in protecting it from the effects of pathogenic bacteria, since they destroy them both in the milk itself and in the human digestive system. In addition, mare’s milk differs in the composition of a number of minerals, vitamins and enzymes. It has been established that kumis has a mass fraction of fat of 2.00%, of total proteins - 2.38% and carbohydrates - 5.92%. According to the data on the amino acid score of kumis, the limiting amino acids are valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, while the indicators of the ideal protein exceed those of the FAO / WHO from 13.4 to 28.3%. It has been established that mare’s milk and kumis contain a large amount of vitamins (A, E, C, B1, B2), which ensure the normal course of biochemical and physiological processes in the human body. In the process of the research, it has been found that in the experimental samples of mare’s milk and kumis, the presence of heavy metals and pesticides has not been detected, and the content of radionuclides in the studied dairy products is in trace amounts and does not exceed the MPC values. Mare’s milk and fermented milk drink kumis meet the requirements of TR CU 021/2011 ««On the safety of food products»» and TR CU 033/2013 «On the safety of milk and dairy products». It can be seen that the introduction of products based on mare’s milk into the industry of specialized, dietary and preventive nutrition is very promising and relevant.