Prospects for cultivating russian varieties and hybrids of sunflower in the Volga region
The results of research on common Chernozem in the grain crop rotation to identify the effectiveness of cultivating varieties and hybrids according to the traditional production system of sunflower are presented. Under weather conditions at the level and worse than the average annual values, on average for 2017-2019, when testing 11 varieties and hybrids of domestic (3 varieties and 4 hybrids) and foreign selection (4 hybrids), the highest yield of oilseeds was established on hybrids of domestic (Legion, Fanat) - 2.13-2.19 t/ha and foreign selection (Sharks, NSH-6013) - 2.20-2.29 t/ha. The most stable fat content in oil seeds were hybrids 8N358KLDM and Everest, which provided an average of three years of fat production at the level of 51.9-52.7 %, for the highest oil collection per unit area hybrids Fanat, Sharks - 0.99-1.00 t / ha, the maximum net income hybrids Fanat, Sharks and NSX-6013 - 33086,8-35268,8 RUB / ha. The low cost of seeds in the varieties Precocious 87, Saratov 20, Nut, hybrid Fanat contributed to the highest cost recovery - 4.19-4.45 rubles / RUB of costs. Based on the research carried out when cultivating sunflower according to the traditional production system in the Volga region, it is recommended to use a hybrid of domestic selection - Fanat to obtain a high net income. In order to get the maximum return on costs, it is proposed to cultivate early-maturing varieties of Precocious 87, Saratov 20, Nut, and hybrid Fanat.