THE GUILT AND SUFFERING IN THE STRUCTURE OF "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT" BY F. DOSTOEVSKY
This article is a result of the study of understanding by F. Dostoevsky of guilt as an element of human personality. The author substantiates the unique approaches of Dostoevsky to such human vice as a deviant behavior and at the same time makes an attempt to identify the origins of such approach to human fault in the personality of the Russian writer himself. The author’s study was based on the novels by Dostoevsky «Crime and Punishment», «The Karamazov Brothers». The novelty of the author’s approach to the studied issue is that it is the first attempt based on the these novels to show the link between the guilt of the individual in the committed crimes and the suffering imposed on the offender beyond the cause-and-effect relations of the juridical categorical universum. The ontic character of such presentation of guilt in Dostoevsky's works is directly linked with the personality of the writer himself and the nervous disorder, which Dostoevsky suffered throughout his life. This personal tragedy of Dostoevsky and at the same time his great love for humanity, his interest to «detective» plots in his work, according to Freud, were closely inter-related and mutually shaped one another. At the same time, the tension in the personality of Dostoevsky, caused by powerful multidirectional and partially destructive forces, gave impact to the creation of the unique concept by F. Dostoevsky: just retribution for a sin or a crime, understanding of suffering as a way of releasing from the evil committed.