OPTIMIZATION OF AGROPHYTOCENOSES OF WINTER FODDER CROPS
In providing animals with high-quality balanced feeds, the creation of a solid fodder base is crucial. In the often-repeated droughts of the Middle Urals, one of the main directions for the implementation of the strategy for the development of ﬁeld fodder production is the use of agrophytocenoses of winter fodder crops that provide fodder in the early summer period. The aim of the research is to increase the fodder productivity of winter fodder crops by optimizing the agrophytocenoses. The article presents long-term studies of fodder productivity of winter rye and winter triticale with winter vetch at sowing with varing proportions of the meadow-grass and bean components. The following variants were studied: factor A - cereal component: A  1  - winter rye (6 mln pieces / ha of virgin seeds, 100 %, control), A  2  - winter triticale (6 mln units / ha of virgin seeds, 100 %). Factor B - norm of sowing components: B  1  - without winter vetch (control), B  2  - winter vetch (2.25 mln pcs / ha of virgin seeds, 75 % + 1.5 mln cereals, 25 %), B  3  - winter vetch (1.5 mln pcs / ha of virgin seeds, 50 % + 3.0 mln cereals, 50 %), B  4  - winter vetch (0.75 mln un. / ha of virgin seeds, 25 % + 4.5 mln cereals, 75 %). It has been established that agrocenoses of winter rye and winter triticale with winter vetch during sowing with a sowing norm of 4.5 mln + 0.75 mln provide the highest fodder productivity of 7.75 t / ha of dry matter, 80.6 GJ / ha of the exchange energy, and 6,81 thousand / ha of feed units.