Subjective Quality of Life as an Indicator of Psychological Safety Among Students in the Conditions of International Educational Migration
In the conditions of international educational migration, when new objective environmental factors are perceived as depriving, the quality of life is declining, the psychological safety of students is violated. As a result, there may be an increase in dissatisfaction and rejection of education, which hinders the implementation of international university programs, reduces the prestige of Russian education. At the same time, the use of the unique features of the environment and the multicultural space of the university can provide a wide field of opportunities for self-development and self-realization of students, create conditions for achieving significant goals, compensate for the environment deficits, thereby ensuring their psychological safety. Thus, the subjective quality of life can act as an indicator of the psychological safety of students' life in the conditions of educational migration. In this study, hypotheses were tested: 1) under the influence of new environmental conditions, the subjective quality of life, represented by cognitive, emotional and motivational components, may have certain differences among students of cultural groups, 2) within cultural groups, students with indicators of the subjective quality of life, pointing out psychological safety and risks of its violation, can be distinguished. The study aims to identify the features of the cognitive, emotional and motivational components of the subjective quality of life among students of cultural groups and further to determine the factors of psychological safety and the risks of its violation. The study involved 255 people aged 19 to 28, students of Tomsk universities, representatives of countries in Africa, Europe, India, China, and Russia. The empirical study used psychological questionnaires: the scale of positive and negative affect, the scale of life satisfaction, and values of happiness. Data processing was carried out in the SPSS Statistics 26.0 program using the methods of Cronbach's Alpha, descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, Student's t-test), hierarchical cluster analysis (intergroup communication method, Cosine distance), correlation analysis (Spearman test), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was revealed that the dominance of positive emotional states and the average level of life satisfaction in the minds of the majority of students of all groups indicate psychological safety. The average level of satisfaction, on the one hand, sets the potential of students' aspirations; on the other, sets the task of finding conditions for its increase and preventing its decline. The presented typology of students with different structures of subjective quality of life and the relationship of motivational, emotional and cognitive components of subjective quality of life allowed determining the criteria for psychological safety among students in cultural groups. The necessity of studying the mediating factors (personal, environmental) of the relationship of ideas about happiness with life satisfaction is objectified.