Enzymatic defatting of bone raw materials during the production of gelatine
The research aimed to study the possibility of enzymatic defatting of bone raw materials in the production of gelatine and to develop a basic process flow for the implementation of this process. The main objects of study were the bone raw material of the rib part of cattle, the Novozym® 435 enzyme and bone fat obtained by defatting the studied bone raw material. The parameters of the enzymatic treatment mode were determined based on the norms of temperature and acidity of enzyme activation: treatment temperature -40 ± 2 oC, pH - 7.0 ± 0.1 units, treatment time - 120 min. The control sample was bone fat extracted by the method of hydrothermal treatment of bone raw materials, prototypes were produced using Novozym® 435 in the amount of 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1%. The yield of bone fat, depending on the amount of enzyme introduced, ranged from 6.20% to 7.52%, while with the classic method of defatting it was 5.95%. The obtained samples of bone fat differed in external appearance. The control sample had a more pronounced yellow tint. The colour of the fat obtained using the enzyme in doses of 0.04- 0.10% was close to white, in the variant with a dose of 0.02% it was similar in colour to the control. According to the results of the experiments, a design for enzymatic defatting of bone raw materials was developed in two variations. To increase the efficiency of the process, it is proposed to use the enzyme Novozym® 435 at the defatting stage in the amount of 0.06% by weight of the bone raw material.