Influence of sowing terms, seeding rate and background chemization on forming of stem density of the hulless oat
The oat also has great importance as a food crop. The oat grain is widely used for processing in oat groats for child's and dietary food. Breeding of new sorts of hulless oats does not require expenses for caving and causes a need for more detailed studies of the technology of cultivation of this crop. The problems of formation of stem density on such indicators as the field germination, survival, number of plants before the harvest, depending on the time of sowing, seeding rate and background of chemization, on the meadow black earth average power low humus medium loam soil, were studied by us over the four years. The experiments studied three terms of sowing (14th - 18th of May, 25th - 28th of May, 4th - 6th of June), three coefficients of seeding (3.5, 4.5, 5.5 million germinating grains per hectare) and and three background of chemization (without chemization, with the herbicide, with fertilizers plus the herbicide). The indicator field germination was influenced by both the time of sowing and seeding rate. The highest field germination of crops to 75.5-77.7% depending on the background of the chemization provided sowings of the first term with a seeding coefficient to 3.5 million of germinating grains per hectare. The survival rate of oat plants is higher up 1.2-6% at the same ratio of seeding in the early and middle terms of sowing on the background of the application of the herbicide. The fertilizers did not any significant influence on the survival of oats. Before the harvest at sowing from 14th till 18th of May the number of oat plants totaled 213 plants, from 25th till 28th of May - 206 plants and from 4th till 6th of June - 192 plants per one sq. meter. Increasing the seeding rate from 3.5 to 4.5 million germinating grains per hectare has increased the number of plants from 189 to 211 units per sq. meter, at 5.5 million; there were 210 units per sq. meter. Thus, it is recommended to plant hulless oats in the conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in the period from 14th till 18th of May, with a coefficient of 4.5 million seed germinating grains per hectare.