EDUCATION OF RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD PROVINCE AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: KEY PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
The article considers the attempt of solving the problems of educating rural and urban population of Nizhny Novgorod province at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The authors emphasize the fact that public education was introduced not only “from above”, with the participation of power bodies and organizations, but also “from below”, through social initiatives and by overcoming the established prejudices of the “common people”. The paper concludes that the diversity of forms and methods for transferring knowledge and culture, the basis of education, determined, on the one hand, the growth of student population, including female students, and, on the other hand, broadened the spectrum of educational, cultural and ethical, pedagogical events.