ENVIRONMENTAL TEST OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
The world area of the sunflower crops according to the FAO in 2021 is more than 27 million hectares. According to Rosstat, in the Russian Federation - 9,6 million hectares with a gross collection of seeds of 15,5 million tons in the Siberian Federal District - more than 800 thousand hectares. The selection in Western Siberia is aimed at creating early, highly productive genotypes of various economic purposes, resistant to pathogens. Accelerated development is a defining sign. Adaptive cultivation technologies have been developed in the region. The sunflower with advancement to the north slows down development as it is a short day plant. Cultivation is limited to the ability to ripen before rainy weather in the fall and the first frosts. In the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia, the final drying of seed lending is 8-20 %. Hybrids combining resistance to basic pathogens, environmental plasticity, profitability of seed production and high productivity are most promising. The purpose of the research is to study hybrids of breeding of various institutions of the country and foreign firms in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia (Siberian Experimental Station - a branch of VNIIMK, Omsk Region, Isilkul). In 2011-2019 in different years, 23 hybrids were studied. Control - variety Irtysh of local selection. The shortest period from seedlings to physiological maturation is for hybrids Avangard and Fakel (97-98 days). The greatest productivity is in Armavir hybrids 5191/3, Armavir 8308/3 with seed productivity 3,81-3,91 t/ha, oil content 51,7-52,2 % and oil collection of 1,79-1,82 t/ha. Maximum oil content (52,8 %) - in the Armavir hybrid 299/3. The largest mass of 1000 seeds was awarded to the Donskoy hybrid 354 (80,7 g), the rest - 40,2-70,4 g. The nature of the seeds was 319-470 g/l, husk percentage 23,0 30,3 %. The lowest hybrid is the Avangard (131 cm), the highest - Armavir 8308/3 (199 cm). The diameter of the basket ranged from 20 to 27 cm. The Irtysh variety is characterized by an early age high-quality seeds with high oil content.