The Role of Humus of Soddy Podzolic Gleyic Soil in Changing the Indicators of Its General Toxicity And Yield of Spring Wheat
A significant direct correlation relationship between the humus content in the soddy podzolic gleyic soil and the development indicators of the test object (or feedback from soil toxicity) and the yield of spring wheat was established in the sowing of spring wheat. Surface moldboard tillage and surface tillage systems contributed to the accumulation of humus in the arable layer as compared to the annual moldboard tillage. The application of all types of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the humus content in comparison with the background without fertilizers especially when applying straw with NPK and NPK. The herbicides aftereffect reduced the content of humus on all soil tillage. The use of resource-saving tillage significantly increases the length of the seedling compared to the moldboard but only in a layer of 10-20 cm. On average, in a layer of 0-20 cm, applying fertilizers with maximum values at NPK and minimum - when adding straw leads to an increase in the length of the seedling. The aftereffect of herbicides reliably reduces the length of the seedling compared with the variants without their use. Tillage systems differ insignificantly in terms of the root length with the advantage of surface moldboard tillage. The use of fertilizers contributes to the trend of increasing the length of the roots compared to the background without them. The aftereffect of herbicides significantly reduces the root length in comparison with the variants without their use. The highest yield of wheat is observed on the surface-moldboard tillage where it exceeds the moldboard one by 9.6%. When using all the studied fertilizer systems, there is a significant increase in yield compared to the unfertilized background with the maximum value on the NPK treatment. The aftereffect of herbicides does not significantly increase the yield of spring wheat in comparison with the variants without their use. It has been established that the increase in the humus content with the help of resource-saving combined surface moldboard tillage on the background of NPK application both separately and together with straw without the use of herbicides will help to reduce the overall toxicity of the soil and increase wheat yield.