The ear grain weight and the thousand grain weight as productivity traits in varieties of spring bread wheat of different ripening groups in the conditions of the Priob’e steppe
The selection and study of the wheat varieties is an important stage in the breeding process, which is necessary to identify the sources of agronomically valuable traits. The article presents the data of a comparative analysis of the ear grain weight and the 1000 grain weight in varieties of spring soft wheat of various groups of ripeness in the ecological conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region for the period 2018-2019. Overall, the weather conditions of the studied years were favorable for the formation of the yield in the varieties of soft spring wheat. Abundant precipitation in June 2018 contributed to an increase in the duration of the sprouting-heading period in the set of varieties under consideration, and in 2019, a lack of precipitation and warm weather during the same growing season contributed to the fact that the plants of the studied genotypes entered the heading phase earlier. In general, the duration of the growing season of the studied varieties varied from 71 (early ripening variety Novosibirskaya 16 in 2018) to 104 (medium late variety Velut in 2018) days. There was a high reliable relationship between the duration of the growing season and the temperature regime (r = 0.91-0.94). The grain weight of an ear in the varieties of the studied set varied from 0.83 (Novosibirskaya 16) to 1.55 (Bel) g in 2018, and in 2019 from 0.55 (Novosibirskaya 31) to 1.00 (Obskaya 2) g. Over the years of research, the mass of 1000 grains varied from 26.8 (in the Trizo variety in 2018) to 41.5 (in the Chernyava 13 variety in 2018) g. The mid-early variety Chernyava 13 and the mid-season variety Bel were identified as promising genotypes for use in breeding for high ear productivity and 1000 grain weight.