BREEDING EVALUATION OF THE TRAIT MASS OF 1000 GRAINS IN ARID CONDITIONS
The researches was conducted in order to assess the selection value of collection samples of various ecological and geographical origin on the trait mass of 1000 grains and identify the sources of this feature for further use in the selection process. The work was conducted in the Samara region in 2017-2019. Weather conditions were characterized by sufficient contrast: in 2017 the GTC was equal to 1.04, in 2018 - 0.51, in 2019 - 0.48. The mass of 1000 grains was determined according to the Interstate standard: GOST 10842-89 Grain of cereals and legumes and oilseeds. Method for determining the mass of 1000 grains or 1000 seeds. The material for research was 344 domestic and foreign samples of spring soft wheat of the collection nursery. In the course of research on 99 paired observations, a weak positive (r = 0.155) relationship between the yield of varieties and the weight of 1000 grains in contrasting moisture availability conditions of the arid climate of the Samara region was revealed. The value of the trait mass of 1000 grains varied in a very wide range - from 22.8 to 45.7 g. The coefficient of variation of the trait mass of 1000 grains in the best samples for the years under study was 5.2-13.2 %, and the coefficient of linear regression varied in a wider range - from 0.49 to 1.40. Analysis of the data obtained in the group of the best varieties allowed us to identify the first subgroup of samples with the lowest reaction in the form of a decrease in the mass of 1000 grains due to the onset of adverse factors: Lutescens 6182/12-33, Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Saratovskaya 68, Saratovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 74, Merzana and Ekada 113. As well as the second subgroup of samples that showed a higher response to improved environmental conditions in studies (the environment index): Tulaykovskaya nadezhda, Samsar, Kinelskaya 59, Erythrospermum 4146, Kuraginskaya 2, Svirel, Sigma, L-505 and Ulyanovskaya 100.