Comparative study of productivity and efficiency of seed-growing of the three-way cross and the single-cross modified hybrids of maize
In the favorable and dry conditions of the Voronezh region three new three-way cross hybrids (one hybrid with a mother form 'Rubin S' and two best hybrids with 'Rodnik S' significantly exceeded the standard and all single-cross modified hybrids. At the same time, the single-cross modified hybrids, selected on the mother forms 'Agat M' and 'Ashan M' exceeded the same three-way cross hybrids in grain productivity. The productivity of the best three-way cross hybrid 'Rodnik S' х В 51 was 6.80 t/ha, but the single-cross modified hybrids 'Agat M' х В 51 and 'Ashan M' х В 51 produced 7.20 and 7.16 t/ha of dry grain respectively. But, the single-cross and single-cross modified hybrids significantly gave in to the three-way cross hybrid in grain productivity on 12-57% in the favorable conditions and on 16-73% in the conditions of moisture deficit. The high cost of seeds of the single-cross hybrids (67.6 - 167.5 th rub/t) and the single-cross modified hybrids, selected with the help of sister hybridizations (51.7 - 96.4 th rub/t) and grown during frequent droughts, does not allow receiving a profit in the dry conditions and requires the use of irrigated lands for the seed-growing in the Voronezh region. The best variant is to implement the single-cross modified hybrids, selected on the single-cross hybrids, for example 'Agat M'. Such hybrids successfully combine high productivity (6.78 - 7.20 t/ha) and rather efficient seed-growing, which give the opportunity to obtain the profit at the cost of 60-70.000 rubles per ton of seeds.