Agrosphere problems in hazelnut cultivation
An analysis of industrial cultivation of hazelnut culture in leading countries and in Russia has shown that it is conducted by extensive and intensive technologies. The leader in the production of hazelnuts is Turkey, which produces hazelnuts by expanding the area to 700 thousand ha, but with low productivity (77 kg / ha). Italian and American hazelnut cultivators have developed intensive technologies for its cultivation, using their varieties (adaptive) in standard formations and with irrigation. The crop yield is , respectively, 146-254 kg / ha. Azerbaijan and Georgia are among the five leading states for the production of hazelnuts based on adaptive varieties bred by folk selection, introduced and tested in local conditions. Turkish hazelnut producers see them as their direct competitors. The heat-loving hazelnut is confined to the southern regions of Russia - the Crimea, the Krasnodar Territory and the foothills of the Caucasus. Geographical location of the Crimean peninsula is due to various natural zones - from the steppe (most) to the (extensive) subtropical one (narrow strip). The limiting conditions for growing hazelnuts here are the minimum winter temperatures and frosts in April, as well as low moisture reserves. Cultivation experiments in the Crimea, in the lower Volga region and in the Stavropol Territory have shown that it is necessary not only to create drought and frost resistant varieties, but also to develop appropriate technologies for them (irrigation, placement and formations). Studying the wild forms of hazel contributes to the cultivation of acclimatized varieties with increased resistance to adverse conditions, diseases and pests.