INTENSIFICATION OF REAGENT WATER SOFTENING BY HETEROGENEOUS CRYSTALLIZATION AND ULTRASOUND IRRADIATION
Kinetics of calcium carbonate crystallization was investigated. The crystallization was carried out in oversaturated standardized test solution, during homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, fine additives being used. It was shown that using calcium silicate additives leads to highest rate of oversaturation decreasing as well as calcium carbonate precipitation. Natural silicate (wollastonite) effect and deposited silicate effect were compared. Method of additional intensification was suggested. It was realized by the use of short -term ultrasound, so previous activation of seeds was obtained. Ultrasound was used to increase and activate surface area of the seeds. Optimal concentration of calcium silicate was determined. Softening rates of homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization for artesian water were compared, ultrasound irradiation being used as well.