THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A FLAT HOE FOR SOIL LOOSENING AT GRADED TILLAGE
The subject of the study is the process of interaction of the hoe with the soil. Graded tillage contributes to increased tillage costs. In this connection, in order to reduce traction resistance, a hoe with a variable angle of soil pulverization was developed. In the area of the hoe tine, it is proposed to increase the angle by the analogy with the working tools of the chisel plow to 30°, and the wing of the hoe in the form of a flat-cutting hoe with a small angle of pulverization. To justify the profile of the hoes in the rack area, a static equation of the action of forces is made depending on the shape of the curve of the wedge. The regularity of the distribution of specific soil pressures on the hoe is determined. In order to verify the reliability of the results of theoretical studies, a field experiment was conducted. A tractor bed with 4 proposed hoes was installed behind the tractor wheel, the hoes of the first row were set to a depth of 7 cm, and the hoes of the second row following the tracks of the hoes of the first to a depth of 15 cm. Using the method of sifting soil on sieves with round holes, the structural-aggregate composition of the soil was determined. The distributed soil on the screens was weighed and the relative weight of each fraction was calculated. The coefficient of structurality of decompressed soil during traditional cultivation was 0.07 on average over the site. Whereas the coefficient of structurality of the soil treated in layers was 0.34. The maximum size of lumps in the area treated traditionally is 105 mm, while the maximum size of clods in the area tilled in layers is 80 mm which was by 24% less. The graded tillage in the areas compacted by tractors made it possible to improve the quality of soil crumbling and thereby reduced the negative factors of compaction. The target groups of information consumers are designers, specialists involved in the development of tillage working tools.