FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION OF DRUG RELATED SITUATION IN TAJIKISTAN: FACTORS, SCALES AND TENDENCIES
Data about cultivation of opium poppy and production of the opium raw product in Afghanistan for 2000-2012 have been presented in the paper. It has been shown that the amount of opium produced changes from year to year synchronously with the sown areas, and Afghanistan became the monopolist on the production of narcotic drugs of the opium group. 58% of Afghan peasants call increasing in prices of drugs as a reason of the opium production increase. It was noted in 2012 the opium production was reduced by 36% in spite of opium poppy sown increase, it was connected to the opium poppy disease and adverse weather conditions. The crop yield of opium poppy in Afghanistan has been analysed - in 2009 it was 56 kg/ha that was in 5.6 times higher than in the “Golden Triangle” countries. The Republic of Tajikistan has turned into the transit corridor for transfer of Afghan drugs in the countries of CIS and Europe owing to large extent of the national boundary with Afghanistan. Data about withdrawal of narcotic drugs by types for 2002-2012 in the Republic of Tajikistan have been presented in the paper. It has been shown that in 2002 86% of heroin and 77% of opium excluded from the illicit traffi in the countries of Central Asia was withdrawn. It has been noted that in 2005 the amount of withdrawn heroin and opium was almost twice reduced, and it was connected with the withdrawal of the Russian border guards from the Tajik-Afghan boundary. Subsequently in 2006-2007 the tendency of decreasing the volumes of heroin withdrawn from the illicit trafficking and increasing the amount of the confiscated opium raw product was fixed, and it was connected with exposing and destroying the laboratories of heroin production during January - August, 2006 on the territory of Afghanistan. In 2008-2012 the tendency of increasing the cannabis part in the total volume of confiscated narcotic drugs was observed. In 2010 the drug related situation in Tajikistan was described by the least amount of the withdrawn narcotic drugs. Data about the number of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan detained by drug related crimes in the CIS countries have been analysed; it has been shown that in whole the tendency to decrease the number of such detentions is observed. Data about the number of drug dependent citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, who are on record by a specialized clinic, have been given - heroin abusers are 81.1%, and the number of injection drug users has been increased and is 67.5%. More than half of HIV-infected persons are injection drug users. Thus, the illegal production of narcotic drugs in Afghanistan continues to remain the main factor of criminogenic development of the drug related situation in the Republic of Tajikistan. As a result, the increase of narcotic drugs volumes withdrawn from the illicit trafficking and the increase of the number of narcotic drugs users, including injection ones are observed. The injection use of narcotic drugs is the main way of HIV-infection distribution in the country.