INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES AS A BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE WHOLE PICTURE OF THE WORLD CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
This article examines the problem of mastering philosophical categories by preschool children. In modern preschool didactics, scientists and practitioners are increasingly turning to the search for new methods and technologies that would contribute to the formation of holistic ideas about nature, society and man in preschool children. The authors of the article substantiated that the main way of building an objective picture of the world in a child's mind is empirical generalization and structuring of sensory experience accumulated in various types of activity. The educational process of the modern preschool education system actively includes philosophical categories. The authors prove that the acquaintance of preschool children with the world order should begin with the idea of the dependencies existing in nature, as the most understandable to the child. Then the children are immersed in the complex world of interaction between man and nature, and then they get acquainted with the world of human experiences and feelings, with the norms and rules adopted in society. Moreover, the ideas formed in children should be of a systemic nature, that is, comprehensively reveal the essence of the object or phenomenon under consideration, and also demonstrate its connection with the surrounding reality. Only the integration of systemic concepts of nature, man and society contributes to the formation of the foundations for understanding a holistic picture of the world.