From Kant's transcendentalism to Fichte's idealism
The article analyzes the problem of unity and divergence in the tradition of German classical idealism. The attention is focused on the problem of transition from the transcendental idealism of I. Kant to the transcendental idealism of I.G. Fichte. It reviews the relation of Fichte to Kant's philosophy, as well as the role of Reinhold in Fichte's reception of Kant's ideas. It is concluded that the key scene for Kant's “Critique of Pure Reason”, the scene of the tribunal of reason, could serve as the basis for Fichte's idea of the self-identity of consciousness as the foundations of scientific teaching, defined by “transcendental experience”. Fichte's concept of consciousness is an ontologization of Kant's idea of the transcendental unity of apperception. Fichte shifts the emphasis from reason to will, thereby ideologically already corresponding not to the era of the Enlightenment, but to Romanticism.