New approaches to improve efficiency antitumor immune response
The survey provides a brief description of the main inhibitory receptors and their ligands, responsible for suppressing the function of effector T-cells and the antitumor immunity and monoclonal antibodies directed against these molecules. Stable expression on antigen-specific lymphocytes co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, is frequently observed in cancer and leads to dysregulation of interaction of activation and inhibitory signals, which is one of the reasons «escape» of the tumor from immune surveillance. Currently available targeted therapies based on monoclonal antibodies that block the inhibitory molecule on immune and tumor cells in order to increase the efficiency of antitumor immune response. Encouraging clinical results have been obtained by using anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) monoclonal antibodies.