RETROSPECTIVE VIEW ON NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
The subject of the research was the period of so-called New Economic Policy - short, but very important and rather poor studied historical period of life of young Soviet state. The necessity of such research was caused by historical experience of the country which passed in a century after NEP extremely rough and difficult period of development. Accordingly the need of analyzing the reasons of its emergence, the main stages of the development again, fluctuation, achievement and loss, and also numerous problems which rose before the country leaders and civil society had appeared. As anti-crisis program NEP executed its purposes: gave civil peace to the country, revived economic life, calmed people and returned the country from international isolation. The elimination of ruins began, the agriculture was restored, and the industry and transport began to be restored. Territorial integrity of the country was restored, the losses were minimum, a new state was called then the USSR - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The main task, the industrialization was set for the country. The system of bodies of authority and management, and also repressive bodies was built. The reform of the army and creation of the navy began. Though the NEP proved the affectivity as the instrument of start of economic life of the country, unfortunately it demanded considerable time for realization which was missing: ahead there was a world war therefore the evolution market way was excluded. The creation of heavy industry in such short terms required huge effort of a big state and new tension of all available forces was necessary. Huge territories were subject to the development, electrification of the country, creation of new extracting and processing branches was necessary, for ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, petrochemistry, heavy a machine building, war industry, Atomostroy. The effort of Soviet people was really heroic and its results were obvious. Under such view it is necessary to consider all further history of the country.