SAINT PHILARET AND THE THEOLOGICAL-EDUCATIONAL REFORMS OF THE 1860s: ENIGMA OF MISUNDERSTANDING
The article is devoted to revealing the role of the Moscow saint Philaret (Drozdov) in the reforms of the Russian theological schools of the 1860s. St. Philaret was one of the main builders of the nineteenth-century Russian theological school. He did not participate in the development of the initial draft of the theological-educational reform of 1808-1814, which created a centralized theological-educational system in Russia, but the ﬁnal editing of the new Statutes, the compilation of the ﬁrst program of study belong to authorship of St. Philaret. His opinions were the main criteria in the adjustment of these plans and in solving problems that arose in the theological school during the ﬁrst half of the nineteenth century, in the adoption of some theological-educational ideas and the rejection of others. No innovation - be it the establishment of new disciplines, the regulation of the life and activities of superiors, pupils and students - was not conducted without the reception or correction of St. Philaret. However, the author of the article draws attention to the problem: in the late 1850s and 1860s, in the preparation of new theological-educational reforms, although the opinion of St. Filaret was requested, but it does not have a decisive inﬂuence on the general course of events. The ﬁnal projects, which were approved by the Holy Synod and the Russian Emperor and put into eﬀect, are in many respects opposed to those of the views of St. Filaret. The article is devoted to understanding this conﬂict and revealing its causes.