Modern aspects of a listeriya infection (review)
History of the study listeriosis infection has more than a hundred years. In recent years, the cases of the diagnosis of listeriosis in humans. The bacteria Listeria genus are widespread in the environment and are able to lead a saprophytic or parasitic way of life. This is due to the fact that Listeria has a number of features that improve their adaptation, and thereby increase the ability to reproduce and survive in different conditions and at different temperatures. Until the 80-ht listeriosis is not a serious concern in epidemiology, since the frequency of registration of cases of disease in different countries ranged from 0.1-0.5 per 100 thousand people. But the situation has changed dramatically in the late 20-th century, began to be recorded outbreak of listeriosis food, with mortality rates of 24-40 %. The reasons for such a sharp rise in incidence are not fully clarified, perhaps matters long-term storage of food at low temperatures, when the Listeria create a favorable environment for reproduction, given the weak initial contamination of the product. Until the mid-twentieth century, listeriosis was regarded as a veterinary problem. Official registration of the disease in animals is carried out since 1956. In consequence it became clear that a person becomes infected not only by direct contact with infected animals (in the care of sick animals), but also the nutritional way. Because the problem should not be seen as a zoonotic infection, but as anthropozoonosis (food zoonotic infection). The most common form of polymorphic clinical manifestations of listeriosis: CNS symptoms (meningoencephalitis, encephalitis), the defeat of the genital organs (habitual abortions, urogenital pathology), septicemia, tonsillitis, sepsis in newborns, as well as the kind of bacteria asymptomatic.