The suitability of fruit cultivars and forms of apple trees for various types of processing in the Crimea
The article presents the results of studying the suitability of fruits of various cultivars and forms of apple trees for the production of applesauce and high-quality dried fruit products by the method of solar drying. When selecting apple fruits as a source of valuable raw materials for processing, the chemical composition plays an important role. Compliance with the chemical composition of fruits does not always guarantee the receipt of processed products with high tasting qualities. In the course of the work, cultivars and forms were identified, the fruits of which are most suitable for obtaining applesauce (autumn ripening period - Priam, Eder, 3-5-C; winter ripening period - Idared, Ligol, Pinova, Rhubarb, Rubin, Eder, 2-2-65-80, 10-99-78, 61-74). Analysis of the data obtained in the production of dried fruit products allowed us to identify cultivars whose fruits are most suitable for this type of processing: Krymskoe, Ligol, Pinova, Priam, Rubin, 1-8, 2-2-65-80, 3-5-C. The content of ascorbic acid in the resulting products was determined - from 11.7 to 14.7 mg /100g. The level of titrated acids in dried fruits ranged from 0.84 to 1.39%, and did not depend on the maturation time of the samples. In the group of cultivars of columnar apple trees, Pioner cultivar distinguished itself by a combination of features that are valuable in the preparation of dried fruit products. The obtained data allow us to recommend the selected cultivars and forms for studying their suitability for other types of processing.