GHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE AND SPRING BARLEY GENEPOOL REGARDING PHYTOPATHOGENES RESISTANCE IN PRIAMURYE (AMUR REGION)
One of the important factors, that limit the high and stable yields of maize and spring barley in the Far Eastern territory of Russia, is considerable worsening of phytosanitary situation in their crops. It is characterized by wide distribution of the northern helminthosporiosis, dust and boil smut, blight of corncobs; as to barley, it is dust-brand, helminthosporiosis blotches and other diseases. In epiphytotic years loses of yield, caused by fungus diseases, may reach 40-50% in susceptible varieties. Off all existing methods of phytopathogene organisms control, selection and introduction into production phytopathogene resistant, high productive varieties are the most radical measures. The aim of this work is to search and reveal among genetic species of maize and springbarley the sources of resistance to complex of dominating pathogenes in Priamurye. The researches were carried out in 2007-2016 years at the Far East Research Institute of Agriculture. The research paper sums up the results of complex immunological analysis of collection and selection material of maize and spring barley regarding phytophatogenes resistance against infectious backgrounds. 7 hybrids of maize with high productivity and group resistance to dust, boil smut and corncobs fusariose were singled out. They are: Guran, Alitet, F.v. x M - 257 SV, Olga M x Porumbene 295 ASV, Lena S x Porumbene 170 SV (DV NIISH), ROSS 142, 197 MV (Krasnodarsky NIISH); two of them (Olga M x Porumbene 295 ASB, Lena S x Porumbene 170 SV) showed the complex resistance to helminthosporiosis, blight of corncobs and smut diseases. Among studied collection varieties of barley, 6 numbers of Far-Eastern and foreign selection resistant to stripy helminthosporiosis blotch were selected. They are: Rikotenze 9 (Khabarovsk territory), Primorsky 123 (Primorye), K-27318 (Czechia), Codac (Canada), K-28088, K-28641 (Mexico). Some of the mentioned above varietal species of maize and barley gave yield, that considerably exceeded (by 0,19 - 4,5 t/ha) standard varieties. The selected sources of immunity to fungus diseases may be recommended for realization in selection programs.