R. FAIRBAIRN - LIFE AND CREATIVE WORK
The present article is devoted to studying life and creative work of Scotland psychoanalytic, reformer of psychoanalysis, one of the founders of the theory of object relations Ronald Fairbairn. The author of the article traces back the atmosphere in Fairbairn’s family that defined his personality as well as his further development as the doctor of medicine, psychoanalyst of Freudian school and later the founder of his own theory of object relations, in which the development of personality was based on the emotional experiences of infant in his early relationships within the family environment but not on the discharge of intensive tenses raised exclusively within the person, as it was typical for the classical point of view. The author of the article also investigates the criticism of Freudian classical psychoanalysis conducted by Fairbairn.The main method used by the author is the thorough study of life and creative work of Fairbairn, based on English sources, translated and partly published in Russian for that purpose.Based on this investigation the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Fairbairn was the first to propose in a systematic manner the Copernican change of the psychoanalytic theory of human personality. He replaced the close-system standpoint of nineteenth-century science with the open-system concepts, in which the contribution of the environment has to be considered at all times.