Realization of children''s rights at international, European and Russian levels
Today the international protection of children's rights is a system of mutually concerted actions of the state and non-governmental organizations aimed at ensuring the rights of the child and assistance to their realization in the national legislation, and also rendering international assistance to children of the underdeveloped states. The basis of this protection is international agreements, treaties. Coming into effect of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1990 completed almost a 70-year fight for special needs and vulnerability of children recognized by the international community. The Convention established the minimum standards in the field of morality and law. They are compulsory for all the countries that ratified the Convention. The international mechanism of providing for the children's rights represents control of the international community by means of special bodies. One of the most effective mechanisms in protecting human rights is the European Court of Human Rights at the European level (ECtHR). The European Convention on protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms demands the states to guarantee realization for each person. The Convention entrusts the supervisions to ECtHR both for the practical measures accepted by government bodies of the countries, and for the national legislation about its compliance with the European standards. The general assessment of the children's position in modern Russia shows that radically positive changes did not happen, according to official state reports on the position of children in the Russian Federation, the official statistics of Goskomstat and other institutions. The mechanism of protection of children's rights does not work effectively in Russia. In recent years many international principles in the field of the rights and freedoms of citizens have become more effective. But the legal sphere still does not correspond to standards of the Council of Europe in many legal aspects. Today, representative and executive bodies of all levels do not pay attention to childhood problems in Russia. Joint development and implementation of comprehensive target programs, adoption of statutory acts, creation of a network of new establishments of social service and leisure of children are necessary. Besides, the permanent monitoring of position of children in Russia is necessary to be provided through the instrumentality of the state and non-governmental structures of the society. Control and outsourcing are to be independent from any power branches. The Russian government does not fulfill the specified requirements of the Convention about the rights of the child completely.