60-year cycle of climate change in polar regions
An analysis of data of hydrometeorological observations in the Arctic and the Antarctic showed that a 60-year cycle, to which alternating intra-secular epochs of climate warming and cooling are connected, plays an important role in the changes of air temperature and sea-ice extent of these regions. These cyclic fluctuations, the phases of which in two regions are opposite to each other, occur at the background of longer changes expressed by linear trends. The spatial distribution of these changes in the northern hemisphere shows that large regions of the Arctic and the North Atlantic were colder during the second epoch of warming compared to the first epoch, especially in the winter half of the year. Warming in the second epoch mainly covered the regions where seasonal anticyclones are usually located. The distribution of the corresponding fields of atmospheric pressure confirms that the climatic changes of air temperature are determined by the anomalies of atmospheric circulation, an important element of which is the state of circumpolar eddies, on which the intensity and location of zonal transfers in the atmosphere of high and temperate latitudes depends. Solar activity, in the changes of which similar cycles and trends are detected, could be a possible cause of the revealed changes of atmospheric circulation. Their influence on the atmospheric circulation is focused on the Polar Regions by the Earth's magnetic field. The opposite phase of the changes in the Arctic and the Antarctic can be explained by the phenomenon of "solar system dissymmetry" because of which fluctuations of solar constant occur. The widespread current hypothesis about the decisive role of greenhouse gases of anthropogenic origin is refuted by the fact of atmosphere cooling of high latitudes in the epoch of a rapid growth of greenhouse gas concentration in winter when their role in the heat balance of the atmosphere and the ocean should be maximum. An anomalous state of the Arctic climatic system in 2007 should not be used as evidence of the greenhouse theory, since it was determined by superposition of short-period cycles. This was confirmed by conditions in 2008, when the sea-ice extent of the eastern Arctic Seas has significantly increased as compared with 2007.