Assessment of the collection of eastern persimmum (Diospyros kaki L.) on the main economic and valuable features in conditions of wet subtropics of Russia
The article describes the biological, morfological and economically valuable features of eastern persimmon grades from the General Collection of FRS SSC RAS. The collection includes 23 cultivars. As a result of many years of research highlighted varieties, which contitute pistillate, staminate and formed not every year flowers. It has been established, that in order to obtain heavy yields and quality fruits, most varieties of eastern persimmon need pollination. Varieties in need of compulsory pollination have been identified (‘Hiakume’, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Kuro-Kuma’, ‘Geili’). On quality of fruirts all gradres are devided into three groups - tart ( ‘Seedles’, ‘Hachia’, ‘Tamopan big’, ‘Gosho’, ‘Nitari’, “MVG Omarova”, ‘Kiara constant’,‘Nikitskaya burgundu’, ‘Roman Kosh’, ‘Gora Goverla’, ‘Gora Rodgers”, ‘Novelty, ‘Rojo Brilliante’), not tart (‘Djiro’, ‘XX Century’, ‘Fuyu’, ‘Geili’), and varying (‘Khostinskiy, ‘Hiakume’, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Kuro-Kuma’, ‘Kiara varying ’, Hybrid №39).By weight of the fruit, varieties are divided into three groups - small (100-120 g), medium (120-160 g), large (160-200 and more grams). To increase the conveyor of entry into the market of fresh persimmon fruits, varieties of different maturation period are highlighted - early (October), middle (late October - early november) and late (late November - early December). Low-growth varieties (2.5-3.0 m) are distinguished; strong varieties (4 meters or more) and medium-layered varieties that prevail in the collection (3.0-4.0 m).Two new varieties of eastern persimmon bred - ‘Khostinskiy’ and ‘MVG Omarova’. Fruits are characterized by high sugar content - 26.80%, which is 8-10% higher than in other varieties. Hybrid №39 is highlighted as promising, is a candidate in the variety and undergoing testing in State breeding centers.