Environmental Monitoring of the Water Resources and Low Water Levels State in the Kalmius River
Kalmius is one of the main rivers of Donbass and one of the most important rivers of our region in the framework of human economic activity. The Kalmius River has a length of 209 km and a basin area of 5070 km2. The source of the river is located on the southern slope of the Donetsk Ridge, near the town of Yasinovataya, the mouth is in the Sea of Azov. At the present stage of industrial enterprises development, the problem of optimal redistribution of water management activities in order to minimize adverse consequences for both the population and nature remains relevant. This study is devoted to the comprehensive analysis of the low water occurrence in the Kalmius River. Modern climatic changes are having an increasing impact on the water basins. The impact of climate change on water resources negatively affects agriculture, energy, fisheries, and the state of biodiversity of natural ecosystems. The dynamics monitoring of the water resources state in the Donetsk region is an integral part of the environmental safety system of the Donetsk People's Republic. The Hydrometeorological Center is a subdivision of the DPR Ministry of Emergency Situations, which performs the tasks of ensuring the regular and continuous hydrological observations. The regular hydrological observations of the water level and discharge, ice phenomena, precipitation and other phenomena are provided by 7 hydrological posts of the 1st category on the Kalmius, Krynka, Olkhovaya and Mius rivers. The main task of environmental monitoring of the water resources state is the timely provision of hydrometeorological information to the state and economic structures, as well as the population of the DPR. The increase in the level of ministries, departments, enterprises, the population warning about a possible decrease in the level and consumption of water in the basins of the DPR, changes in the amount of pollutants should ensure a decrease in the environmental and economic damage to the environment. Due to its geographical position and extremely high water consumption, the DPR is experiencing an acute shortage of water. The waters of the river, in addition to water supply to settlements and industrial enterprises, are also used to fill reservoirs and ponds, which are used for hydropower, fisheries, irrigation and other national economic needs.