Mechanism of sorbent matrix formation. Creating a model of its structure
As it now seems to us gel oxyhydrates structural organization is very similar to the protein. It was K. Lindstrom-Lang who proposed to allocate four levels of the structural organization of proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Although this division is somewhat outdated, it is still used. The primary structure is natural for proteins when the amino acid residues sequence in the polypeptide is observed, which is determined by the structure of its gene and the genetic code. That is, the primary structure is a sequence of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain. Oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements are different. The primary structure of oxyhydrates should be regarded as a kind of critical points of some complex smooth functions (by V.I. Arnold). Physically, these features are related to the geometry of disrupting and binding of EDL of oxyhydrate gel macromolecules and their aging. We are primarily interested in periodic crystallization, periodic diffusion, periodic adsorption, periodic condensation, periodic coagulation, periodic salting, chemotaxis, periodic phenomena of surfactants, Liesegang Rings, layers of soot, frequency during the solidification of metals, strain figures in metals breakdown, periodic processes in sedimentation of metals. Oxyhydrate gel system (GOS) of rare earth elements as well as oxides, hydroxides of some d-elements such as zirconium, niobium, titanium, and others are interesting due to the fact that, being quite hardly soluble, are prone to dissociation by acid-base mechanism and, hence, to the manifestation of ion exchange and adsorption properties. Their properties are little or not reproducible, although all efforts and means for a complete reproduction of the initial parameters seem to be used. Various methods of synthesis had been developed that were expected to lead to the desired result. However, these hopes were almost not to come true. The reason for this failure lies in the non-linear features of the various characteristics of gel oxyhydrates. Gel oxyhydrate systems have certain fractal and hence mesophase-like properties. This fact itself has a lot of meanings, as it forces to consider the self-organizing nature of particle interaction in the gel system. The study of the nonlinear properties of gel oxyhydrate systems found the following phenomena: vibrational dilatancy, vibrational (fluctuating) electrical conductivity, spontaneous electric current of gel self-organization against polarization phenomena, stained gel systems, vibrational sorption and optical properties which we propose to examine in this work in more detail. We also study completely new optical characteristics of pulsating oxyhydrate systems - colloidal-chemical caustics responsible for the formation of the structure.