CHOICE OF A POND FOR ARRANGEMENT OF A FISH BREEDING AND FISHING RECREATION ECONOMY
For a significant part of population (especially in relatively developed countries) fishing is a way of having a leisure time and rest. According to various estimates there are from 10 to 30 mln people in Russia who are connected with amateur and sport fishing. The industrial fishing business of slow-growing and not valuable fish in many small ponds of Russia is not realized as it is unprofitable. Therefore arrangement of fish breeding-fishing recreational economies is an important and perspective form of their fish economic development. When choosing a pond for arrangement of fish breeding-fishing recreational economies it is necessary to take into consideration the following main characteristics: area and depth, area of water catchment, value of bottom sediments,level of ground water, availability of infrastructure and communications, remoteness from potential consumers. It is noted that the silt layer of more than 50 cm negatively influences the life of fish in the pond used for fish breeding-fishing recreational economies. However in case the pond’s depth under the silting of more than 50 cm is 6 m and more,the influence of silt masses on hydraulic conditions are considerably leveled. For regulation of the process of winter stay in such ponds there are used artesian water supply and upper spillway of too cool (0,1...0,3 °С) water layers. It is noted that decreasing of water temperature in bottom layers lower than 4 С causes sharp weakening of fish immunity. Severe winters of the North and East of our country forwards formation of a thick ice layer on ponds, sometimes up to 1...1.5 m. With such an ice thickness the pond should have depths not less than 10...12 m,and its average depth should be from 5 to 7 m. They make a considerable influence on its assessment from a point of the possibility of organization of fish breeding-fishing recreational economies. The proper fish economic assessment of the pond allows avoiding a number of technological problems in future which can make the whole project unprofitable.