Science as a Profession: In Search of Self-Determination
In the article, based on Max Weber’s definition of a scientist, we historically follow the transformations of the concept “scientist” in the philosophy and history of science. In the context of the development and complication of science as a social institution of a certain type, we will try to trace the formation of the requirements for a scientist in the professionalization of scientific knowledge. The main objective of the article is to show how with the development of science, the number of requirements for a scientist within his professional competencies increases. If at the initial stage of the professionalization of science, the basic requirement for a scientist is a conscientious scientific search, then with the development of the profession, not so much “scientific” competencies were added (which can be attributed with teaching), but also a wider range of social and communication skills (popularization of knowledge, communication with government agencies, sponsoring funds, etc.)