The study of the content of nutrients and minerals in the diet of cows in the lowlands of Dagestan Republic
In modern conditions of production of livestock products, monitoring for the supply of animals with minerals is important, since diseases, associated with their insufficiency, imbalance and toxicity are common and cause great economic damage [3,11]. It should be noted that protein-carbohydrate deficiency of diets is often accompanied by mineral deficiency. Calves obtained from cows with protein-mineral deficiency often get dyspepsia and other diseases from the first day of their life. When conducting research on the farm, we paid special attention to the mineral nutrition of cows. The importance of macro - and micronutrients in ensuring the vital functions of animals 'organism is enormous, they play a significant role in the growth, development, and reproduction of animals, affect the functions of hematopoiesis, digestion, endocrine glands, cardiovascular and nervous systems metabolic regulation Many researchers note the great biological role of minerals, their relationship with proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes and vitamins. The article presents data obtained as a result of biochemical studies of the diet of cows on the content of nutrients and macroand microelements. Research es had established a deficiency and imbalance of nutrients and minerals. A shortage of feed units, dry matter, crude and digestible protein, sugar, Na, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Co, I, Se, respectively, on 10.04 were detected in the diet of cows; 7.51; 44.0; 39.47; 42.53; 58.50; 6.6; 28; 55.88; 68.0; 57.34; 53.2%, with an excess of K-42.53% and Ca-18.54%. The sugar-protein ratio is violated - 0.63, with a norm of 0.8-1.5: 1; potassium-sodium - 38.1, in rate of 10: 1 and calcium-phosphorus -3.76 in rate of 2: 1. Biochemical studies of the diet of experimental cows in the autumn-winter period showed that they are not balanced in nutritional and macro-trace elements, which negatively affects the biochemical status, health status of cows and getting a healthy offspring from them.