Soybean varieties growth and development characteristics when cultivated on irrigated lands of Rostov region
Purpose: selection of soybean varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Rostov region, taking into account the cultivation technology application on irrigated lands. Materials and methods. Three-year studies were conducted in Oktyabrsky district Rostov region on irrigated lands. Soils under soybean crops are meadow-chernozem heavy loamy. In the experiments, 24 soybean varieties of different ripeness groups were studied. The experiment was carried out in four repetitions with a randomized arrangement of plots. Observations of the soybeans growth and development, yield records, statistical processing of data were carried out according to generally accepted methods of field experiments. Results. The duration of vegetation of the studied soybean varieties ranged from 100 to 125 days. Observations of the growth and development of plants made it possible to determine that, depending on the variety, the height of soybean plants reached 82.9-133.0 cm in the bean-filling phase; during this period, the maximum values of the soybean leaf area duration vary from 38.68 to 84.32 thousand sq. m/ha, and the dry biomass of soybeans varied from 1.31 to 2.31 t/ha. The productivity indicators of the studied soybean varieties on irrigation have been determined. The soybean variety yield varied from 3.19 to 5.34 t/ha. The maximum value was recorded for the variety SK Elana, the minimum was for the variety Kazachka. An analysis of the qualitative composition of soybean grain made it possible to find that the protein content varied from 37.4 to 44.0 %, and the protein harvest was from 1.1 to 1.9 t/ha. The oil content varied from 17.8 to 22.9 % depending on the variety, and its harvest from 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha. Conclusions. Soybean cultivation on irrigated lands allows to obtain high productivity of a wide range of varieties. The maximum yield of soybean grain and protein harvest were obtained from the SK Elana variety - 5.34 t/ha and 1.9 t/ha, respectively. The maximum oil content in the grain was obtained from the Selecta 302 variety - 22.9 %, and its harvest from the SK Elana variety was 1.0 t/ha.