Physiological Aspects of Increasing Tolerance of Grape Root to Phylloxera
For the development of the physiological bases and appropriate agro-economic applications of physiologically active compounds to increase the life of the own-rooted plantings of the grape in the zone of continuous infestation by phylloxera on model plants grapes Аgadi (Vitis vinifera L., are susceptible to root phylloxera), Pervenets Magaracha (Vitis vinifera L., tolerant, control), cultivar rootstock Kober 5BB (Berlandieri × Riparia, resistant, standard) studied the effect of physiologically active compounds (FAS) cytokinin (FAS-1), auxin (FAS-2) action and trophic (FAS-3) character. When processing the leaf surface for the first time on grapes revealed morphophysiological effect of FAS, contributing to the complete restoration of the roots by removing the entire root system. It was found that the studied preparations of cytokinin and auxin action had an effect that influenced the strengthening of the development and laying of new elements of the root system. Infection with phylloxera of model plants significantly changed the biochemical composition of the roots of grapes, the nature of the changes depended on the biological characteristics of the varieties. Common to the studied varieties should recognize a significant reduction in amino acid content and increase the content of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in the roots. Resistant to the root form of phylloxera rootstock grade Cober 5BB was characterized by a very high content of phenol carboxylic acids, as well as carbohydrates and organic acids in the leaves. The tolerance (endurance) of grapes to root phylloxera may be explained by the fact that (in contrast to resistant varieties) food phylloxera they occur on the roots, as well as in susceptible varieties, but the biochemical characteristics of the elements of the root system of these varieties and associated possible high speed synthetic processes are also still in the early stages of damage by phylloxera in the formation of the protective layer of the periderm, which prevents the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the deeper layers of tissue of the root system. The results of laboratory and field studies have concluded that physiological methods to increase tolerance to the root form of phylloxera in the application of FAS hormonal and trophic nature can be effective to increase the life of root plantations of grapes and the profitability of its production.