Mud Volcanic spreads in the structure and formation of quaternary deposits in the Southwestern part of the Northern Caspian Sea region
Several types and ages of mud volcanic formations caused by active salt tectonics and its distribution are discovered in the study area. The most important element of the structure of Quaternary deposits covering was the gravity overlying mass, the kinematic and dynamic activity of which are presented. Paper described the developed structure of the upper layer in connection with some types of mud volcanism. We find the salt tectonic evidence of a new Volga valley origin in the Lower Volga River region. Classification of mud volcanic sediments based primarily on fissure effusions, specific ridge mud volcanoes of the protrusive type, in addition to mud cone and salse eruptions, as well as occurrences of a gas-mud-water mixture explosive type eruptions associated with the funnel’s formation. We identified the main types of slurry composition, and (importantly) found modern extruded sheet of fractured slurry eruptions. Pleistocene fissure effusions of aleurite slurry attracted different faunal complexes as a food mineral supplement necessary for the animal main diet. But in some cases, the effusion of the slurry was associated by active draining out of stink damp (H2S). This caused a local unfavorable ecological situation, resulting in poisoning and death of some animals. We prepared novel structure scheme of the well-known section, consisting of three parts (Cherny Yar, Tikhoye Zaymishche, So-lenoye Zaymishche), based on new ideas about the genesis of deposits. The section uniqueness is in the fact that its sediments contain animal bone remains of five faunal complexes of mammals and two strata of marine sediments. There is no other similar natural cross section on Earth.