INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ON SUNFLOWER YIELD IN THE SUBZONE OF SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Introduction. In the Volgograd region, sunflower is the main oilseed crop. It is cultivated in almost all districts of the region. Annually sunflower in the region occupies more than 700 thousand hectares. However, its yield, both by year and by region, varies greatly and on average in the region remains quite low. Even in a fairly favorable weather conditions in 2018, the profitability of sunflower production, both in Russia and in the Volgograd region, did not exceed 35% [2]. Therefore, the search for ways to increase the yield of the main oilseeds of the region, the task is quite relevant and timely. Object. The object of research in our experiment was two systems of sunflower cultivation in the subzone of southern chernozems of the Volgograd region: 1. Clearfield system - (EU-Novomis hybrid.+ herbicide Eurolighting). 2. Express Sun system - ( hybrid EU-Arcadia SU + herbicide Express), two ways of basic tillage: 1. Dump plowing with a plow of Pskov -5-60 2. Chisel treatment of pchn-2,3 and two regulators of plant growth and development: 1. IsagriBor . 2. Fertigen. Materials and methods. Three-factor field experience was laid in the farm Tkachenko V. A. Elansky district of the Volgograd region. In 2018, 2019 and 2020. The experiments and all the necessary observations and studies were carried out according to the method of field experience of B. A. Dospekhov (1985). Results and conclusions. Observations of the growth and development of sunflower hybrids have shown that the influence of the studied factors begins to manifest itself even at the stage of seed germination. The most pronounced stimulating effect of the drug has Fertigen. In this variant, the length of sprouts and roots was significantly longer than in the control. This advantage then affected the field germination of sunflower seeds. The highest field germination was obtained in the EU - Novomis hybrid -76.6%, and the lowest in the EU-Arcadia SU hybrid -71.4%. By the time of sunflower harvesting, 0.5 thousand more plants were preserved in the Clearfield system than in the Express Sun system. On average, the Clearfield system had the advantage in terms of yield over three years. Here, the yield according to the experimental variants varied from 2.14 to 2.53 t / ha, while in the Express Sun system, the yield ranged from 1.90 to 2.31 t / ha.The highest yield on average over the years of observation was obtained in the Clearfield system on chisel tillage using Fertigrain - 2.53 t / ha. The lowest yield was obtained in the Express Sun system on dump plowing at the control - 1.90 t / ha. According to economic indicators, the Clearfield sunflower cultivation system was the most effective. So the Clearfield system on profitability on the best option surpassed the Express Sun system by 53,65%.