THE USE OF COLD BENT STEEL DOWELS
In the modern economy in the last decade there has been a steady formation of a new technological order. Its main features will be high-tech modern technologies that allow saving material, energy and human resources when implementing breakthrough projects. But, the main, fundamental resource in the implementation of projects is increasingly becoming the time frame for the implementation of their implementation. It should be noted that all world-class projects implemented in the Russian Federation (Turkish and Nord Stream, the Power of Siberia, the construction of ports on the Baltic Sea, the development of the Zvezda Shipbuilding Complex, exploration and production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf and offshore of Sakhalin Island etc., etc.) have a significant logistic component. Therefore, the acceleration and cheapening of the construction of berthing facilities to ensure the transportation of products and material resources, the expansion of ship repair and shipbuilding bases in the Russian Federation is an urgent current task. The current trend, which allows us to implement the formulated requirements to reduce the time and cost of building berths, is to use finished block-modular products, from which it is possible to form an arbitrary configuration ofportfacilities. The main development of hydraulic engineering in the world is aimed at the wider use of cold-formed steel profiles. Global manufacturers of steel sheet piling profiles expand the range of profiles produced by developing and producing cold-rolled sheet piling. Cold bent sheet piles are obtained by cold stamping, by cold rolling, by bending and bending welded (Figure 1) Cold-pressed sheet piles began to be produced more than 40 years ago in Europe and the USA. Then, these manufacturing technologies were transferred to the plants of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and China. Cold bored tongues are produced by cold stamping, cold bending and subsequent welding. Sheet piles are rolled at a production speed of 10 m in length per minute, while at the same time maintaining consistent and precise production. Large global companies in the research and development departments are working on expanding the range of profiles through the use of steels with higher strength and reduced weight. For the needs of port hydraulic engineering construction, the following types of sheet pile profiles are produced: - the trough of three modifications (PU, AU, LS) depending on the distance between the ages ofthe locks with variations in the geometric parameters of the cross sections in each modification (according to the shape of the cross section, its analog is a well-known sheet pile of the Larsen type); - Zeta (for the construction of moorings it is usually delivered in the form of a box of two piles of zeta profile pre-assembled at the factory); - flat (effective in the construction of closed cylindrical cells of large diameter); -combined (a combination of two-tee beams equipped with lock joints with high bearing capacity and inserts between them from sheet piles of trough profile allows for the perception of almost any bending moment without the use of shielding and unloading devices).