THE CONCEPT OF FORMATION OF EMBANKMENTS BASED ON ZONES OF VARIABLE LEVEL
This article considers the problem of oppression and overstocking space embankments in the modern urbanization of cities and cramped spaces, methods of complex expansion space promenade by combining into a single complex space of the coastal zone and land space. Special attention is given to the variable level zone, as well as the technologies of it device. This article examines the international experience on the creation of artificial reefs, examples of how to create underwater parks and examples of zones of transition from water to land. Beautiful embankments are the symbols of the cities in which they are located. Today embankments is what connects the city with a water area, they play an important city-wide role as a recreational area. The promenade connects different parts of the city and forms a consistent architectural character, saturated with elements of entertainment, leisure, sports and landscape complexes. These factors indicate a large urban importance attached to the architecture of the embankments. The importance of coastal areas for the city is not limited to their urban and aesthetic role. Embankments as a complex of recreational coastal areas, have a major health impact on the urban environment, improve its climatic conditions, and arrange short rest. Embankments form the facade of the city from the sea. However, the focus of underwater space is almost not considered. More than ten years worldwide are arranged underwater parks and gardens, and built amazing embankments, however, the share of foreign experience, for various reasons, are not applicable in Russia. The complexity of the terrain, climatic conditions, technical and economic conditions create a need for new solutions in the creation of recreational areas on land and sea, as well as linking them together. The creation of a single space is the goal when forming the embankment and the underwater landscape of the shelf zone. The solution of such problems are particularly acute question of technology choice and variations of the device of alternating zones that can be combined into a single complex both at the functional and at the level of the materials used coastal space and recreation zone promenade is a rare and poorly developed direction, which illuminates this article. As the most promising areas for development should be allocated to three areas: surface, submarine and variable water level zone. The variable water level zone today is one of the few developed areas for the development of the functional structure of the embankment. For understanding of the structure of this zone is necessary to consider the experience of creating artificial reefs. As a result, we get the components (relief, vegetation, fauna) and isolate the linkages between natural landscapes which are ecological Foundation for aesthetic formation of interest. The ratio of these components in the formation of landscape art should be subordinated to their natural relationships first and foremost ecological requirements of plants and animals. The decision of aesthetic objectives should take into account not just beautiful or unusual combinations of components or decorative features of plants and animals, but environmentally prevailing logic of their relationship, determining the composition of natural plant communities and their distribution to the different landforms, soil and hydrological conditions. Modern environmental problems are forcing us to comprehend new established design approaches. Eco design is today the development in all fields of construction. Rubber has the highest priority as a promising material for the device embankments, areas of variable level and coastal marine waters. Possible adaptations combining floating reefs and pontoons, a similar idea was presented in 2012 in far Eastern Federal University on the thesis defense Bazykina A. N. under the leadership of Lapshina E.A. in the form of suspension fit modules operating on the principle of a floating reef. When you use these ideas to expand the space of the promenade and it in combination with small architectural forms gives enormous potential for the device parkland.