ANALYSIS OF ORPHANS' EXCLUSION ON LABOUR MARKET
This article generalizes various approaches to defining the category of «social exclusion». In the scientific definition it is referred to as alienation, segregation, outcastness, isolation related with problems of inequality, poverty, marginalization and deprivation. The authors outline a social group characterized by a high risk of social exclusion, namely, orphans. The phenomenon of orphans' social exclusion is considered as a process of excluding orphans from productive social life. The article discusses orphans' social exclusion at the stages of primary and secondary socialization, considers objective and subjective factors of orphans' exclusion in the sphere of employment, describes economic problems facing orphans on the labour market, which is proved by the results of the federal monitoring of social adaptation of foster homes graduates, and points out prerequisites for orphans' success in their future employment. The authors analyze various methods of measuring orphans' social exclusion; determine problems of implementing these methods at the empirical level and, thus, prove the necessity of their verification due to their oblique relation to the subject at issue; substantiate the necessity of working out a new method that would include a system of certain empirically measured indicators of orphans' social inclusion/exclusion in labour sphere, and propose indicators of orphans' social exclusion on labour market that reflect its both objective and subjective manifestations.