Formation of Transcendentism and Transcendentalism in Ancient Philosophy
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the formation of transcendentism and transcendentalism in the philosophy of antiquity. It is noted that this kind of research makes it possible to better understand the genesis and foundations of the main variants of metaphysics in classical and post-non-classical thought. It is emphasized that this theoretical model is characterized by the interpretation of the transcendent as a “different” dimension of being, a certain higher sphere located outside our world, which has special spatio-temporal properties and which is incomprehensible to empirical knowledge of people. In turn, the model of the transcendental in ancient philosophy did not provide for the existence of an independent “human cosmos” separate from the outside world. The main purpose of the transcendental method of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Stoics, Neoplatonists and other thinkers is to determine the conditions by which it is possible to think from empirical observations. The author concludes that the philosophical standpoint of Plato and Aristotle can be characterized in general as transcendentism with elements of transcendentalism.