Vaccine oil adjuvants for the development of aquaculture
Aquaculture is a fast growing industry, which produces today more than 30 species of fish. The growth of aquaculture in the last decades has been supported by the development of oil adjuvanted injectable vaccines that allowed a long term protection offish and a strong reduction of the use of antibiotics. Today, injectable vaccines for fish are administered through intraperitoneal injection and are usually adjuvanted with water in oil emulsion adjuvants. Montanide“ ISA 763 AVG is a non mineral oil based adjuvant which has been extensively used for vaccination of diverse fish species (salmon, trout, seabass, tilapia, ect.). Other routes of administration such as immersion and oral administration are also considered and new adjuvants and formulations are being developed for these applications.