LANDSCAPE AND REGIONAL ACTIVITY OF BUTTERFLIES <i>(LEPIDOPTERA, RHOPALOCERA)</i> OF THE EAST EUROPEAN HYPOARCTIC ZONE
The paper discusses the application of assessment of landscape and regional activity of species as criteria for identifying the zone of ecological optimum and landscape-zonal typification of Butterflies. By analogy with these concepts in comparative Floristics, the authors have developed a system of points and categories of species activity. Using the example of HypoArctic fauna Rhopalocera of the Russian plain and the Ural mountains, it is shown that the use of integrated indicators of abundance and occurrence, which are the basis of landscape and regional activity of species, allows us to determine the nature of their territorial distribution significantly more accurately than expert assessments and to identify the zone of ecological optimum relative to physical and geographical areas. It was found that landscape activity in Butterflies can change significantly in large regions with a pronounced gradient of environmental conditions. According to the level of regional activity, species are relatively constant in vegetation subzones, which makes it possible to adequately identify and characterize landscape-zonal groups within these territorial areas.