Genetic characteristics of the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky cattle based on microsatellites and DNA markers
The Pechora zonal type (PH-1) was obtained by absorbing crossbreeding of local Northern komolog cattle with the Kholmogorsky breed. Currently, Kholmogorsky cattle are on the verge of extinction, which is due to the widespread metisation of domestic Holstein breeds. The paper presents the characteristics of the allelofond of the Kholmogorsky herd of the Pechora type (n=66) by 11 polymorphic loci of microsatellites. It was found that the polymorphism of tandem repeats in the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky cattle is observed in all 11 loci, the most polymorphic is the tgla53 locus (10 alleles). The most common allele SPS115 248 occurs with a frequency of 0.606. The average number of alleles for 11 loci was 6.2, and the number of effective alleles was 3.4. the obtained indicators were compared with the values published for Yakut [1], Holstein [2, 3] and Ayrshire cattle [4]. It was found that the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky breed has a higher number of effective alleles than Yakut cattle (by 1.0), and lower than other breeds (by 0.3...1.6). Analysis of F-statistics showed that on average, the deviation of the actual heterozygosity from the expected one is insignificant Fis=-0.004, while other breeds, excluding the sample of Holstein bulls, had a more significant excess of heterozygotes. The smallest genetic distance of the studied population was established with the Holstein breed (d=0.221 to cows and d=0.200 to bulls). A more detailed genetic analysis of individual loci showed that the frequency of occurrence of alleles BM2113 Pechora type is closer to the Yakut (r=0.935) and Ayrshire (r=0.875) than to the Holstein breed (r=316...357).