SPRING WHEAT ON SLOPING LANDS OF BUGULMIN-BELEBEY UPLAND
In a production environment it is important to know the effect of topography on plant productivity. This will allow them to place crops in agricultural landscapes and to make fuller use of existing agroclimatic resources. The study of the influence of slopes of different exposures on peculiarities of formation of productivity elements and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2013 on the fields of farms of Belebey district located on the south wing of Bugulmin-Belebey upland. The object was to study the slopes of the southern, northern, south-eastern and south-western exposures with slope from 1,5 to 2,5 0. The flattened area was as a control. The soil - leached Chernozem. It was established, that on sloping fields, the preservation of plants to harvest on average by 2,4-53,5% less than the flattened area, and the prevalence of root rot reached 34,5-57,7 %, besides the weed infestation of crops on the slopes of 1,4-1,8 times higher than the target value. The productivity of spring wheat on sloping sites is reduced by 4,1-61,5 %, while the Northern slope exposure by 2,1-3,4 times. However, crops in the middle part of the slopes areon average by 18,7-33,7 % more productive than the crops of the bottom part and by 55,0-63,2% than the crops from the top part. At the same time the greatest number of grain formed on the slops of south-western -16,0-24,2 dt/hа and south-eastern exposure -15,5-23,4 dt/hа. It can be concluded that under the conditions of Bugulmin-Belebey upland the spring soft wheat is advisable to sow in the middle part of the slope. This will allow to obtain stable yields of grain on average by 3,0 to 7,8 dt/ha more than on the lower and upper parts of the slope. If possible, the crops should be placed on the slopes of the south-western, south-eastern and southern exposure, the yield of plants on them, on average, by 1,9-2,1 times higher than on the slope of northern exposition.