ASSESSMENT OF VARIETY POTENTIAL OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. OF DON SELECTION
The varietal potential of Triticum aestivum L. was selected in the State Scientific Establishment «Agricultural research center «Donskoy» at the experimental site of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter soft wheat in the Zernograd district of the Rostov Region using the predecessors of pure steam, peas, corn for grain, and sunflower in 2014-2018. For study, 12 varieties of Triticum aestivum L. were selected, listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, approved for use in production. The highest average yields during the years of pure steam experiments were in the varieties Ermak and Lydia (9,73 and 9,74 t / ha, respectively). The lowest yield was formed by the Don variety Anniversary - 7,79 t / ha. According to the predecessor, corn for grain produced the highest yield variety Chef - 8,57 t / ha, exceeding the standard variety Ermak by 0,9 t / ha. Varieties Don 93, Donskoy Surprise and Tanais formed in this link yield below the standard by 0,18-0,15 t / ha. In the crop rotation link pea - winter wheat, the highest yields were formed by Krasa Dona (8,69 t / ha) and Lilit (8,64 t / ha), exceeding the standard by 0,11 t / ha. The lowest yield was formed by the Tanais variety - 7,78 t / ha. According to the predecessor, sunflower yields in the varieties Lilith, Lydia, Krasa Dona and Yermak amounted to 6,38, 6,46, 6,45 and 6,41 t / ha, respectively. It is possible to note the varieties that showed the best adaptive properties to the growing conditions for the predecessor, pure Ermak and Lidia steam, for corn for grain - Chef, for peas - Krasa Dona and Lilit, for sunflower - Lidia, Krasa Don and Lilit. An analysis of descriptive statistics on the yield of winter wheat grown in pure steam showed that a significant decrease in yield compared to the Ermak standard was noted for the varieties Donskaya Jubilee, Donskoy Surprise, Tanais, Aksinya and Etude. According to the predecessor, corn for grain, a significant increase in yield was noted in the varieties Chef, Lydia, Lilith, Krasa Dona, Etude and Kaprizulya. For peas, a significant increase in yield compared to the standard was not noted, and a decrease in the varieties Tanais and Donskoy surprise. According to the predecessor, sunflower, wheat yield was within the limits of experimental error. It has been established that for pure steam, cultivating the varieties Ermak and Lydia is highly profitable - 86%. For corn for grain, the highest profitability was shown by the Chef variety 98%, which exceeded the standard by 13%; for peas - Krasa Dona and Lilit - 98 and 99% respectively, which is 2 and 3% more than the standard. According to the predecessor, sunflower varietal profitability varied from 59 to 60%. Research materials can be used in the field of agronomy.