RARE VARIANTS OF DIVERGENCE AND BRANCHING OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES OF THE HUMAN HEART
The effectiveness of surgical interventions on the coronary (coronary) arteries, as well as their branches, depends on a number of reasons, among which it is necessary to emphasize the knowledge of the individual features of the topography, the variants of divergence and branching of these vessels in normal conditions, as well as in various cardiopathies. Well-known domestic cardiac surgeons and many foreign authors have repeatedly pointed out this dependence. In some studies, methods of classical anatomical dissection of coronary arteries after fixation of hearts in formalin solution or other fixators were used. In recent decades, for these purposes, vessels of heart preparations manufactured at the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Military Medical Academy according to the modern method of polymer embalming under the guidance of Professor I.V. Gayvoronsky have been used. To visualize the coronary arteries, clinicians use methods of coronary angiography, which significantly expand the possibilities of studying the variants of divergence and branching of the vessels of the arterial bed of the heart. The work is devoted to the study of individual anatomical variants of the topography of trunks, as well as branches of the coronary arteries of the heart. By macro preparation of anatomical material, the right and left coronary arteries, as well as their branches of the 1st and 2nd orders, were isolated. Methods of coronary angiography and computed tomography were used to visualize the intravital topography of these vessels. In the course of the study, the variants of the divergence of the trunks of the coronary arteries, as well as their division and topography in the presence of a pathological process and without it are described. The data obtained indicate the extreme variability of the topography of the coronary arteries of the human heart, due not only to the variants of the division of the trunks of the right and left coronary arteries, but also to the peculiarities of the divergence of these trunks, as well as their branches.