Plasticity of nervous and immune systems in different species: The role of proteasomes
Nervous and immune systems have many general features in their organization and functioning in various animal species from insects to mammals. These systems are capable to regulate effectively each other by exchange of information through rather small molecules like oligopeptides, cytokines, and neuropeptides. For many such molecules, that function as transmitters or signaling peptides, their origin and receptors are common within nervous and immune systems. Development of nervous and immune systems during ontogenesis and their functions in various species are controlled by the ubiquitous HYPERLINK “http://slovari.yandex.ru/proteolytic/en-ru/Medical/” \l “longvo/” proteolytic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). UPS regulates key biochemical processes in both systems by providing formation of synaptic connections and synaptic plasticity, and governs immune responses. In the review, the molecular mechanisms of functioning and interaction between nervous and immune systems are considered in different species of invertebrats and vertebrats. The role of UPS in these processes in the main subject of this review.