THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-ARCHITECTURE IN CENTRAL ASIA
The genesis of design techniques based on the principles of an environmentally friendly approach in architecture is revealed by studying the features of the regularities of the compositional solution, constructive structure and building materials of the traditional dwelling of Central Asia. Since ancient times, the experience of rational construction of buildings has been formed and developed by trial and error, taking into account the natural, geological and climatic diversity of the region. The basis for the development of traditional architecture was its organic adaptation to the natural conditions of the area. A study of the historical and architectural heritage of the region, in which nomadic and sedentary civilizations closely interacted, shows that the tasks of eco-architecture - the optimal form, reducing heat loss and keeping warm in winter and providing coolness in summer, ventilation of rooms, hygienic and aesthetic qualities of housing - were successfully solved in past. A retrospective historical and architectural analysis of the dwellings of Central Asia is given, starting from the Neolithic era, affecting antiquity and feudalism of the pre-Islamic period and ending with the study of environmental aspects in the folk dwelling of the Islamic period. The form, planning and design features of a traditional residential building, proven over the centuries, have survived to this day, were developed precisely in this historical period of time. At each stage, the main techniques, tested by centuries of practice, were singled out and emphasized, which can be the basis for the conceptual development of modern eco-buildings in the region. "Earth" architecture, which became widespread in the region during antiquity and the early Middle Ages (not only residential buildings were built, but also temples, palaces, castles, etc.), remained in demand in folk architecture of the home until the 20th century.