On the Question of Social and Philosophical Analysis of Anthropologic Conception of the Holy Books of the World Religions
Introduction. The practical significance of the anthropological concept of the sacred books of world religions is outlined. Four issues are identified, due to which the system of ideas of a concept of a person is reflected in the sacred text, and which are relevant in modern society. Materials and Methods. The object and subject of research are determined, and the main sources on which the research is based are indicated. The main methods are textological, historical hermeneutics, descriptive and comparative historical analysis. Results. The objects of analysis in relation to the Buddhist concept of man are the categories of “samadhi”, “insight”, the doctrine of the five virtues developing in the process of meditation, the doctrine of the essence of the five skandhas. It is shown the influence of these categories on the specifics of solving the main ideological problem - the attitude of a person to the world. In considering the biblical concept of man, the concept of “life” is defined as the key one. The subject of the analysis was the inconsistency of man's position in the world. It is also shown the importance of ethical teaching for the study of contradictory human nature and determination of the purpose of man. When analyzing the views on the problem of man contained in the Koran, the significance of the idea of human creation and the key importance of the idea of obedience to Allah in understanding the way of life and the system of ethical norms and principles are shown. Discussion and Conclusion. The difference in approaches to the interpretation of the problem of a person in the Tripitaka, the Bible and the Koran is reflected. In Buddhism, the development of supra-natural “subtle principles” through the practice of meditation leading a person to nirvana comes to the fore. In the Christian concept, the fundamental is the idea of the dualism of human existence and the salvation of the soul. Islam develops the concept of initial unconditional obedience to Allah. It is shown the ratio of key categories and ideas related to understanding a person in Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. The attention is drawn to the scope of application of the research results.