Sovereign services and political and legal views of F. S. Saltykov
The article examines the life path and political and legal views of F. S. Saltykov, a native of the boyar family, who entered the entourage of Peter I in his youth, which determined his life path. In the conditions of the transformations of the beginning of the XVIII century, the fulfillment of various missions in the countries of Europe, he formed the legal consciousness of the figure of the early Enlightenment. Saltykov's writings, which contained draft reforms in Russia, reflected the political and legal views of the thinker. Their study allows us to conclude that he was familiar with contemporary international legal doctrines, on the basis of which he formulated the just grounds for Russia's participation in the Northern War and put forward one of the first projects to substantiate the international legal regime of the Northern Sea Route; theories of mercantilism and cameralism, which became the basis for projects of economic and estate-legal reforms. Saltykov owns projects in the fields of education and social and legal protection of orphans and the poor. All of this makes it possible to attribute Saltykov to the political and legal thinkers who played a certain role in the formation of the Enlightenment doctrine in Russia in the XVIII century.