The policy of the Spanish state to counter separatism
The article deals with the Spanish state policy on fighting separatism. It is shown how to solve the problem of the Spanish State wise, politically expedient redistribution of powers between the center and regions, maintaining a single state ("integral whole nation") and ensuring the right to freedom of regional communities and government. Spanish liberalism always tended to unite the state, nation and democracy. Traditionally supported the view that it was necessary to create a powerful Spanish state in order to have it from the depths to build a solid research explanation, that only in the Spanish nation-state could be formed sovereign entity for democracy. But historically, that three regions - Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia - was originally granted special autonomous status with elevated privileges as a "historic territory" of the so-called fast path laid down by Article 151 of the Constitution of Spain. They already had the experience of autonomous control. Spain, with its relatively low level of economic development and political culture, with significant disparities in regional development, as considered policy not matured to the federal structure, with respect to approximate to those forms that have been implemented in Western Europe. In addition, in a situation of insufficient political stability, such a device would be fraught with the inability to resist outbreaks of separatism. Efforts have been directed so politicians in search of the model, as it were intermediate between the authoritarian centralism and development of the federation. In the process of developing a new constitution there has been a shift in public opinion in favor of state autonomy. The idea of preserving a strong center and a self-governing regions was legally formalized in the Constitution, elaborated and adopted by Parliament and approved by a majority of citizens in a referendum in December 1978 adoption of the Constitution of 1978 was truly a revolutionary step for the country, almost 40 years was under the oppression of the frank regime. The Constitution not only recognizes the existence of different nationalities in the country and their right to autonomy, but also devotes an entire section of the theme of autonomy 8 "The territorial structure of the state ¬ rated" (16 articles).