YIELD STRUCTURE AND GRAIN GRADING OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE REGION
The aim of the study is to increase winter wheat yield and grain grading using organic fertilizers and basic tillage in the conditions of the Middle Volga forest-steppe region. The studies were conducted in 2017-2020. Svetoch winter wheat variety was studied both taking into account plants and grain. During field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied with different methods of basic tillage. The analysis of crop structure showed that the use of organic fertilizers provided an increase of almost all elements of the structure of winter wheat yield without a significant difference depending on the type of organic fertilizers and main tillage. The optimal indicators were when applying manure and dry organic fertilizer provided eutrophic yield. By factor A based on (organic fertilizers) for 2017-2020 average yield of winter wheat was: without fertilizers - 2.95 t/ha; with the introduction of 30 t/ha of manure - 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer - 3.35 t/ha; liquid organic fertilizer - 3.36 t/ha; vermicompost - 3.32 t/ha. The increase of winter wheat yield with organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (12.5-13.9%). According to factor A (main tillage), yield amounted to with plowing at depth 20-22 cm - 3.33 t / ha; surface tillage 10-12 cm - 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice - 3.19 t/ha. The application of organic fertilizers increased the protein content by 0.7-0.9% compared to the control yield without fertilizers. When applying organic fertilizers, gluten was 4.2-5.4% this figure was more than in the control without fertilizers. Organic fertilizers provided an increase of baking qualities of winter wheat yield.