Line Semantics: Cognitive Aspect
Introduction: the article discusses the semantic features of the line token relevant to the modern Russian language, the specifics of its semantic transformation and functioning in the Uzus. The purpose of the study is to establish the semantic content of the verbal sign, to determine its semantic structure. Materials and Methods: the material used for the study was the dictionary definitions of the main lexicographic sources of the modern Russian language, data of etymological dictionaries, data on the word line in Russian as a system, reflected in the National Corps of the Russian language. To solve the problems of interpreting the semantic minimum of the studied lexeme, the following methods were used: descriptive method, family analysis, cognitive interpretation method. Results: as a result of the study, objectively relevant semantic features were identified that make up the nuclear and peripheral zones of the semantic structure of the line. It was established that the development of the semantic derivation of the studied verbal sign went along the path of expanding the spatial component based on the perception of the cognitive image of the line as a geometric figure exploited to denote various spatial non-spatial objects. New values appear when identifying prototype features and establishing the unity of the conceptual component of a cognitive image. One of the leading ways to expand the semantics of the word line is semantic transposition based on figuratively-metaphorical rethinking and adjacency transfer. The work considers semantic processes relating to both constant lexical and semantic and probabilistic components of the meaning of the declared lexeme, as well as contextual components caused by various speech situations and contexts. Discussion and Conclusions: an analysis of vocabulary definitions and syntagmatic features of the line token on the material of modern discourse (journalistic, scientific, artistic) showed that the line is, in the first place, interpreted as a strip on the surface, this component forms additional lightning seeds, «silhouette, blurred outlines». The concept of a line as a strip served as the basis for the development of a new component «edge (limit)» (horizon, coast, mountains, etc.). The line also means «row», «path (road)», «connection», «direction». The line in Russian is used to denote a number of spatial objects, in the prototypical zone the semantic features of «genealogy of the genus» (maternal, male line, etc.), «technical production (industrial automatic, etc.)», «streets» are presented , «assortment of goods» (line of furniture, household appliances, cleaning products), «banking product» (credit, budgetary restrictions, line of the securities market). The presence in the semantic potential of such a sign as traffic allowed us to develop the idea of a transport message, for example: railway, air lines; additional trajectories«(line of flight, spacecraft motion, fall),» development «(line of evolution, growth, spirituality, self-knowledge) are noted as additional sem. As a result of semantic transposition, the line manifests itself as a means of connection and communication (telephone line, communication line, Internet).