The philosophy of dialogue by Y. Habermas and M. Bakhtin in the context of comparing of the socio-cultural foundations of the German and Russian philosophical traditions
The article explores how the socio-cultural conditions of Germany and Russia affect the development of thought itself when revealing the category of dialogue and how the socio-cultural identity of thinkers is expressed in the philosophy of dialogue. The original sociology of the theory of dialogue by Y. Habermas and the ontology of the theory of dialogue by M. M. Bakhtin are shown. The main achievements of each of the authors in the development of the category of dialogue are traced. Y. Habermas justified the communicative mind, rooted in the language, through which it is possible to achieve mutual understanding between the participants of speech communication. On this path, a common interest can be found between the conflicting classes, and then, thanks to the activities of a democratic legal state, this interest can be realized, which will lead to a reasonable social structure. M. Bakhtin justified the dialogic nature of an act that brings something new to the world, which is not foreseen by the logic of calculation. He discovered and proved the existence of special communication practices in which collective experiences of the connection between the human community and eternity and infinity can be obtained. These practices cannot be completed and bring positive content in the form of a specific norm of activity. The correlation of the foundations of German and Russian philosophical cultures leads to the formulation of borderline questions about the possibility of a synthesis of German rationalism and Russian spirituality.