IMPROVING RESCUE OPERATIONS IN SEA AND RIVER ACCIDENTS BY IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF RESCUE EQUIPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
The article discusses the improvement of rescue operations in marine and river accidents by improving the efficiency of the use of rescue equipment and the implementation of modern environmental requirements. The existing requirements of SOLAS 74 and the other fundamental documents to ensure security and safety of life at least require periodic training and education of crews, including conducting shipboard drills and exercises to simulate abandon ship with passengers and crew and their rescue in case of fire, flooding or other situations. Areas of the world’s oceans, especially Polar waters, there is and is actively developing the requirement of “zero discharge”, which obviously should apply to rescue operations. After all, the biggest environmental disaster for the environment is the flooding of the vessel, together with fuel oil, cargo, equipment and other pollutants for the water environment. In this connection efficiency of rescue operations as well as other actions performed on the vessel shall provide the minimum ecological pollution and possibility of fast clearing of the water area of consequences of accident. In addition, the efficiency of the use of rescue vehicles to rescue passengers and crew in marine and river accidents presents many problems. To solve these problems, the article discusses the option of maneuvering on the principle of «Course towards the list (hole)” has significant advantages in the displacement of cargo and/or receiving a breakout by the ship. It allows the vessel to be leveled quickly, contribute to the reverse displacement of the cargo, and quickly ensure the safety of the vessel in the event of an accident. For the most effective to save the passengers and crew of the damaged vessel, it is further proposed man oeuvres zigzags with different angular speeds in accordance with the above principle of “a Course in the direction of the list (holes)”, if ship still has the positive stability of the vessel when it moves with a maximum speed of with the purpose of hanging over from both sides of ship rescue funds from both the sides of a vessel for use when leaving the ship. The advantage of using successive zig-zags on the principle of “a Course in the direction of the roll (holes)” is that any increase in tilt toward the side from which you want to enter overboard rescue equipment, allows you to create additional shear (gravitational moment) which is capable to help enter overboard even rusted, or painted or soured.rescue equipment. The calculations showed that the increase in tilt toward the side from which you want to launch boats up to 5 degrees, allows to increase the shear (gravitational) moment is more than twice that will allow to effectively implement the operation to die and fall davits, and other rescue equipment, located in any condition and with less team. Further implementation of zigzags to hold the roll of the vessel in the range that allows carrying out the descent of rescue boats from both sides allows you to dump overboard and lower to the water and other rescue equipment before a deliberate landing on a safe coastal shoal. If no suitable shallow is available, the final descent of all life-saving appliances from both sides can be safely completed after the vessel has stopped to be safely left by passengers and crew in an environmentally safe location. The development and application of the maneuver “Course in the direction of the list (hole)”, the further implementation of the zig-zag for the disembarkation of lifeboats and the descent of rescue vehicles before the intended landing on a safe shallow or the safe stopping of the vessel during exercises and training in accordance with the Convention’s requirements for emergency situations related to the abandonment of the vessel, will reduce the probability of death of ships, their passengers and improve the efficiency of training of crews at sea and river accidents, as well as reduce the environmental risk of sea and river accidents.