ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE UNIVERSAL TRADE SYSTEM IN TYUMEN (1920–1930’S)
Universal commerce that appeared in Russia in XIX century reached its fullest flower in Soviet period both in cities and countries. In 1920’s GUM (State Department Store, from Russian Gosudarstvenniy Universalniy Magazin) became a symbol of NEP. After a bright period of activities in 1920’s Tyumen branch of GUM reappeared in 1930’s in the form of state and cooperative trading organizations. By the end of 1930’s state department stores that started their activity as one of the forms of trading organizations became the best form of Soviet trading. The article describes the main periods of this evolution, draws reader’s attention to the managerial decisions in trading sphere, the analysis of the activity of the Tyumen branch of GUM and the reasons of its liquidation. Much attention is given to the difficulties of the development of the state trading in the provincial Tyumen in 1930’s, the author defines forms and methods of state universal commerce and analyses the role of advertisement in this process. The results of the research show that by the end of 1930’s state commerce already had leading position in the city in context of command and administration system establishment. This period was essential in shaping the principles of Soviet universal commerce.