PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES IN BIOPOSITIVE ARCHITECTURE - SYMBIOSIS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS OF ADAPTING BUILDINGS WITH NATURE
The article substantiates the need for the use of biopositive buildings and structures. The principles and approaches of biopositive architecture are formulated. The world experience in applying the principles based on the symbiosis of modern technologies and ecology is analyzed. The ecological directions related to the research topic are considered. The classification of biological approaches from different aspects of architecture is presented. The correspondence of biological approaches to biological criteria of a living organism has been analyzed. The subject of the study. Biopositivity of buildings and structures. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, an analysis of the literature on the research topic was carried out and the basic principles and approaches in the design of biopositive buildings and structures were identified based on the analysis of world experience, the following methods were applied: deduction, theoretical analysis and synthesis, the method of analogy. Results. In the course of the study, one of the main tasks of architectural science was solved - a classification of biological approaches was derived, principles were formulated, and a tendency in the development of architecture in the bio-direction was revealed. The world experience in the design of buildings and structures based on bio-positivity is analyzed. The impact on the biological, social, psychological, intellectual and physical levels of society has been studied. The design of new or the transformation of existing buildings and structures should be based on the use of measures that contribute to the ecological balance between the object and the environment. Analysis of the data indicates that the issue of creating, reconstructing and transforming objects of the urban environment is extremely relevant and should be studied by specialists in various fields of activity (urban planners, architects, engineers, ecologists, economists, sociologists, etc.). Conclusions. At the present stage of development of society, the bio-positivity of buildings and structures is a necessary measure for the sustainable development of urban areas. Urban development needs to be modified taking into account the introduction of modern bio-positive technologies and environmental protection measures. The concept of "bio-positivity" is becoming the main strategy for the development of cities in the world. And the goal of this strategy is to restore nature in cities, to bring people closer to it, thus increasing the level of urban life. The creation and reconstruction of urban development based on biological approaches includes the solution of a wide range of engineering, environmental and social issues, and should also provide for the implementation of a set of measures for the greening of facilities and adjacent territories. By modernizing, restoring and adapting urban planning objects to modern needs, conditions and requirements, it is possible not only to improve the quality of human life, but also to form a unique appearance of a settlement, taking into account the co-evolutionary development of man and the biosphere.