Productive indicators of honey bee colonies when Using probiotic feed additives
The article offers the author's own technique for organizing students' selfguided work. It provides details of each stage of the rated creative task and methodical guidelines for its performance on the example of the discipline of Insurance. The author presents a procedure for arranging insurance process on a particular farm, taken as the basic enterprise in students' graduate qualification papers. The method implies insurance of a particular facility against one or several risks (fire, crop failure, loss of livestock, loss of profit, etc.) on the specified farm. The insurance includes property of the enterprise, health or life of the workers, determined by law responsibility of the enterprise managers for this or that action. Taking the factors into account maximally brings students' work closer to the real business processes at an enterprise. The algorithm provides for 14 stages of the insurance procedure, starting with the selection of the object and ending with the calculation of the economic effectiveness of the insurance. Some of students' scientific papers back up the organized students' independent work and its testing in accordance with the author's own concept on several profiles of training, in several groups and for several years within the approved syllabus. The paper demonstrates effectiveness of the technique in terms of students' grades dynamics at the final assessment procedure and in terms of the number of publications in indexed titles. The connection of the offered technique with the competence requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of the third generation is shown. Currently, throughout the world, including Russia, there is an intense search for alternatives to the use of antibiotics in livestock. One of the objective directions is the use of probiotics. Probiotics based on spore-forming bacteria exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulation properties, antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of these studies is to assess the prospects for using probiotics based on the genus Bacillus in beekeeping, their impact on the lifespan and productivity of bee colonies. To study the effect of probiotic feed additives on the lifespan of worker bees in cage experiments, we formed three groups of bees. The bees of the control group received 50% sugar syrup. The bees of the experimental group 1 (EG 1) were fed on syrup with a feed additive SpasiPchel at a dose of 2 ml per 1 liter of syrup. The bees of the experimental group 2 (EG 2) received two feed additives - SpasiPchel and VitamelAm (a complex of vitamins and mineral elements). The average life span of bees after the start of feeding in cage experiments obtained 9.1 days in control. In the experimental groups, this figure was significantly higher than the control value. The life span of honeybees was 3.6 days longer than in the control group, in the experimental group No 2 (EG 2) 3.3 days longer than in the control group. To carry out beekeeping tests, we formed three groups of honeybee colonies on the principle of pairs-analogues, with five families in each group. The bees received feed according to the same scheme. During the beekeeping season, we assessed the state of the bee colonies, whereby we took their reproductive performance and productivity in account. In terms of strength of bee colonies, the first and the second experimental groups exceeded the control group by 19% and 15.8%, respectively (P> 0.05). There were no significant differences between the EG 1 and the EG 2 exposed. When using the SpasiPchel feed additive, it was obtained 3.1 kg more marketable honey per one bee family and when using SpasiPchel in combination with VitaMelAm - 2.6 kg more marketable honey than when feeding with pure sugar syrup. Analysis of the obtained data indicates a favorable effect of food probiotic additives on the processes of spring development and productivity of bee colonies.