Efficiency of resource-saving methods of cultivation of winter wheat under the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region
The research aimed to assess the impact of crop rotations, methods of basic tillage and doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield, grain quality and economic efficiency of winter wheat production under the conditions of the Central Black Earth region. The work was carried out in 2016-2020 on typical heavy loamy chernozem in the Kursk region. The experimental design included the study of the following options: crop rotation (factor A) - grain-fallow-row, grain-grass-row; basic tillage in crop rotations (factor B) - moldboard, non-moldboard, combined; mineral fertilizers (factor C) - without fertilizers, N20P40K40, N40P80K80. Mineral fertilizers and crop rotations had a significant impact on the grain yield of the crop with a share of the contribution to the variation of the trait, respectively, 62.0 and 30.8%. The grain yield in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation averaged 4.05 t/ha, in the grain-grass-row crop rotation it was 13.8% less. The highest grain yield in the experiment in grain-fallow crop rotation (4.58 t/ha) was observed with non-moldboard tillage and a dose of N40P80K80 fertilizers. The highest protein content in grain (13.5% - in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, 11.8% - in the grain-grass-row crop rotation) was obtained with N40P80K80 against the background of crop rotations of non-moldboard and combined tillage, respectively. The maximum grain content in the experiment (783 g/l) was observed in the grain-grass-row crop rotation with combined tillage with the application of N40P80K80, and the largest mass of 1000 grains (43.62 g) was observed in the grain-fallow crop rotation with moldboard tillage with N40P80K80. According to the results of approximation of the actual discrete data of profits by continuous curves in the function of fertilizer, their quantitative values (N37P74K74 and N29P38K38) were more accurately determined, which provided the maximum profit in grain-fallow-row and grain-grass-row crop rotations, respectively, of 22.2 and 22.5 thousand rubles/ha with a combined tillage.