Fungi of Fusarium genus on wheat grains in Western Siberia
Studies showed a high, close to 100% distribution of the genus Fusarium fungi in the seed and food grains of spring wheat in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Tyumen, Altai and Krasnoyarsk regions, the contagion reached 71 %. From the seeds of spring wheat, the following species of Fusarium fungi were isolated: F. sporotrichioides Sherb., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. oxysporum Schltd., F. culmorum (WGSm.) Sacc., F. solani Koord., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc., F. heterosporum Nees, F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., etc. The areas under winter wheat expansion led to an area of F. graminearum Schwabe expansion, which caused typical Fusarium spike symptoms, which prevalence in the regions of Siberia at the moment is to 15 %. The wheat and barley grain samples in 2017 contained mycotoxins DON, T-2, zearalenone. In the grain samples mycotoxin T-2 prevailed, detected in 54,3 %, mycotoxin DON was found in 22,9 % of the 35 investigated grain samples. Excess of T-2 toxin and DON MPC was detected in grain from Isetsky district of Tyumen region and from Karatuzsky district of Krasnoyarsk region. For the Fusarium restriction it is necessary to use a complex of agrotechnical and operational actions.