Innovative development of Ukrainian industrial enterprises: problems and prospects
Innovative development of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is analyzed on the basis of statistical date. Statistical date point to the sufficiently low innovative activity of industrial enterprises in this country. Only 17% of industrial enterprises were engaged in innovative activity, the portion of innovative production in all production that was negotiated by industrial enterprises amounts to just 3,3%. The financing of scientific and technicalactions were realized mainly at the expense of customers, including domestic and foreign. Researchers are being financed by the state budget just within 0,3-0,4% of GDP. At the same timeconsiderable decrease in financing of innovative activity by the state and the enterprises could be observed from 2012. Increasing of foreign investments in the realization of innovative projects by Ukrainian enterprises should be mentioned as a positive aspect. Raw materials are a large part of Ukrainian export, while production of high-technology industries is mainly being imported. These facts demonstrate a low level of competitiveness of Ukrainian economy. Ukraine still is just a source of raw materials for countries with advanced economies. Quite low position of our country in the ranking of global competitiveness (76th position) is caused among other factors by low-level development of the market of technologies and innovations, by extremely complicated situation with protection of intellectual property. The global innovation index for Ukraine remains at a rather low level last years (35-36 score while the maximum is 100); though a slight positive dynamics can be observed. Institutional environment, infrastructure, development of the market and business are the weakest sides of Ukraine. Human capital, knowledge and technologies those are obtained should be mentioned as strong sides. It follows to mark sufficiently high innovation effectiveness index for the all period that was analyzed, that indicates equilibrium between the innovative potential of the country and the conditions of its realization. The analysis that was made showed, that Ukraine has great potentialities in the field of modern technologies, engineering developments those are competitive on a world scale and manpower potentialities that is the most important, but uses it insufficiently. It caused mainly by defects of the system of state regulation, the system of legal rules, by the low level development of business environment and technology market. Considering the tendencies of the world economics and the latest developments on the world political scene, particularly in Ukraine, the problem concerning reform of the system of state regulation with the purpose to create conditions for development and introducing of modern technologies and innovative products is urgent as never before. Besides, effective management of the creating and use of intellectual resources in the enterprises is also important for ensuring their innovative developmen