The talisman as a part of the national picture of the world of Sakha
Semantics, functions and specific features of the Sakha talismans in the context of the national picture of the world are analyzed in this article. The paper reveals the original system of talismans where the structural and functional, the systemic, the semiotic, the hermeneutic methods taking into account various cultural factors (time, spatial, structural, etc.). were used for its interpretation. The article represents the features of various hand-made and natural objects which are used to perform protective functions. The paper deals with the talisman external transformation problems, which is resulted on the changes in the socio-cultural environment (urbanization, leveling of national traditions). The authors believe that the main purpose of talismans - protective function - remains unchanged. This function is based on religious beliefs, the calendar cycle of life, the organization of life and farming in harmony with the nature. The preservation and development of traditional occupations of the Sakha people (cattle breeding, horse breeding, hunting, agriculture, blacksmithing, fishing, gathering) is a significant factor in the survivability of the original system of talismans. These factors were taken into account during the practical training, which revealed three main types of talismans: religious, natural (eco-cultural), children. The authors conclude that the system of talismans of the Sakha people has signs of objective motivation and subjective evaluation, which affect the definition of the place and role of the talisman in everyday life, during rituals. The expressed motivation of the choice of a talisman is a religious aspect intertwined with the subjective attitude and verbalization and the objectification of the symbolic codes of culture. The results of the study are a fragment that serves to recreate the common and special national picture of the world of Sakha in the cultural field of Russia.