Impact of Boiler Plants on the Atmospheric Air When Using Various Designs of Burners
The work is devoted to the study of factors affecting the amount of pollutants emission during the heat production in the boiler plants, namely, the design features of the burners used in boilers. One of the air pollutants in the urban environment is boiler plants, which are located in all cities and towns, since the heat supply is one of the conditions for a comfortable life of a modern person. The consequences of the operation of boiler houses are the harmful emissions of the fuel combustion products into the environment. Once in the atmosphere, components of the fuel combustion products accumulate in large quantities, creating unfavourable living conditions for the population and increasing the risk of diseases caused by human exposure to atmospheric pollutants. The volumes of pollutants entering the atmosphere depend on the conditions of the fuel combustion in boiler houses, its quality and quantity, as well as the effective operation of the purification equipment of the thermal power plants. The environmental impact of the production activities of 50 boiler houses located in the same climatic zone, using natural gas as the main fuel, are studied. To study the effect of the burner types used on the amount of pollutant emissions, calculation methods, using officially approved methods for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by boiler plants of different capacities, were applied. The currently used burners are characterized from the point of view of the environmental safety. The quantitative indicators of nitrogen oxide emissions during the combus-tion of 1 m3 of gas in boilers with various burners are determined. The results obtained are reduced to a single indicator and a comparative environmental analysis of the use of burners of various types is carried out. The analysis of the scientific data obtained has proved that the characteristics of the power equipment affect the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions from generation facilities. It is established that the most environmentally acceptable are the burners of the two-stage combustion, and the most environmentally promising are the burners of the two-stage combustion with recirculation.