New approach to calculation of stone layings
Standard method of calculation of stone layings of Russia and other countries are based on the empirical dependences, operating with limited quantity of factors and not reflecting specifics of a tension and destruction. Researches conducted now in the field of durability of stone layings can be divided into two main directions generally. The first is connected with experimental determination of correcting coefficients to the existing empirical dependences, carried out within certification of new introduced materials and constructive solutions of layings. Within the second direction researchers develop approaches to definition homogeneous or, in the traditional treatment, the provided characteristics of «periodically repeating heterogeneous structures showing anisotropic properties» for the automated algorithms of calculation, including a method of final elements. In article basic provisions of new approach are given to calculation of stone layings on the basis of the theory of resistance of anisotropic materials to compression with elements of a chart method. Reliability of results is confirmed by satisfactory convergence of the theoretical and skilled data obtained by authors and other researchers. Algorithms of the solution of direct and return tasks taking into account possible features of a tension of elements and designs are developed: non-central compression, local action of loading, existence of indirect reinforcing and holders of strengthening of different types, tension of arch crossing points. The scope of an offered technique covers all nomenclature, types and types of stone layings, elements and designs.