MODIFICATION OF CRUSHED VULCANIZATES FOR THEIR SECONDARY USE (REVIEW)
Recently, the scale of environmental problems associated with the disposal of waste rubber products has increased significantly. One of the effective ways to solve the global issues caused by the rapid growth of rubber waste is recycling and reusing it in rubber and polymer compound formulations. A huge proportion of rubber waste is made up of end-of-life tire products. Although tires are not considered hazardous to the environment or human health, they are not biodegradable materials, are difficult to store, and their fumes are also very highly toxic. To eliminate or reduce the amount of waste rubber in the environment and to reduce the cost of some products, attempts are being made to reuse them. There are two main ways to use or consume waste rubber. The first is the incineration or pyrolytic destruction of waste rubber to basic chemicals. The second is the shredding of rubber waste to form a granulate or regenerate. The huge variety of methods of modification of waste rubber products can be conditionally classified into three large groups: traditional methods under conditions of thermomechanical processing, chemical and physical-chemical methods, physical methods. Thermomechanical modification is mainly reduced to the processing of pre-crushed waste in high-energy mills and extruders with various chemical products. Chemical and physical-chemical treatment is usually carried out with a wide variety of chemical compounds, the most effective among which are proven acrylates, amines and various oxidants. Among the methods of physical impact on the finely ground powdered waste rubber products can be distinguished: ultrasonic and microwave treatment, plasma chemical modification.