Space category in the dynamics of culture
The article is devoted to the study of the space category in the aspect of comparative linguistics with boundary links to the history of culture and mythology. The aim is to describe the philosophical category of space through the mythological world model and the linguistic worldview in English, Bashkir and Russian languages. The category of space is one of the most complicated philosophical characteristics of being. It was always considered to be the base of the world and played the major role in the life of people. The idea of space first appeared in myths. In the antiquity it was looked upon as a genetic beginning of the world. Contemporary science defines space through the field study, through the systems of relations and the substance theory. The history of language shows that the process of forming the space category took place in connection with the idea of time. But in a language the differentiation of space appeared earlier than the notion of time and was expressed mostly by the same words as space. Space-time perception in myths is very close to the relative physics judgment whilst in classical physics space and time are considered separately. Thus, there can be made a conclusion that the ontogenetic perception of the world by a human being was preserved in the mythological semiotics. Science today is interested not only in the plots of myths. The structural aspects of mythology are topical in philosophy, history, linguistics, etc. The representation of the mythological reflections on space and time in the linguistic picture of the world in the aspect of the history of culture makes it possible to consider mythological, historical, archaeological, ethnographic data from the view point of their preservation in the language vocabulary. In the dynamic system of culture the main values are ideal, not material ones, only them being able to provide the conservation of information. The history of words and their meanings are true witnesses of human history and culture. In the beginning of the 20th century there appeared the idea of universal tendencies in the world culture development, the idea of the languages interaction in the geographically unlimited space. These hypotheses are rather topical nowadays as they make it possible to find definite relations on some other paradigmatic levels. Comparative study of different worldviews and models gives an opportunity to find similarities in the spheres previously unapproachable. The main structural components of the universal symbolic space model - sky, earth, water, air, wind, mountain, etc.  are analysed. As a means for culture analysis and interpretation of language representations for space notions the method of morphology was employed. The research is interesting not only theoretically, but practically as well. Contemporary science is paying more attention to myths as a rather important factor of cultural and moral code. Such papers may have definite humanistic value.