PRINCIPLES OF FORMING SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES
In this study, the authors consider the criteria by which sustainable settlements are formed in European countries. Five principles of the formation of an ecological settlement have been identified, which depend on the construction technique and the materials used: zero energy consumption; health and comfort; environmentally friendly material; modularity; the ability to build yourself. It also analyzed the example of a sustainable village “4 Passi” in Villorba, which uses advanced construction technologies. The problems and possibilities of the formation of a stable environment in this village, the peculiarities of the location of eco-houses on the site, the problems of the formation of a transport and pedestrian frame are considered. Energy efficiency in construction is one of the priorities of European energy efficiency policy. Since 40% of final energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions are recorded in homes, offices, shops and other buildings of various purposes and types. For this reason, in 2002, the European Union issued EPBD 2002/31 / CE (Energy Efficiency Directives for Buildings) and then revised it into EPBD 2010/31 / CE [1]. It provides clear commitments to build only low energy and zero CO2 homes. On June 28, 2013, the EU Commission published a report on the progress of near-zero energy consumption. Improving the energy efficiency of the European building stock makes a huge contribution to the development of energy efficient homes around the world. Sustainable development is a very complex concept that comes from economics, but nowadays it also has social and environmental implications. He personifies the harmony between the various aspects of these three areas. According to the usual definition, sustainability is aimed at meeting human needs [2]. Needs while preserving the environment so that these requirements can be met not only in the present, but also in the indefinite future. The concepts and related issues have been discussed by scientists for a long time, often with active disputes.