DISELEMENTOSIS - ETIOLOGY, PROPHYLAXIS, TREATMENT
Diselementosis is an abnormality of the mineral substances metabolism at their deficit, excess or imbalance in animals. That is why the aim of our research was to determine bioelements and heavy metal toxicants in soil, water, plants (feed) and blood of ruminants and pigs. The material for analyses was obtained from Voronezh, Belgorod, Kursk, Lipetsk, Orel, Rostov, Tambov, and Yaroslavl regions. Fodders in the Central Chernozem region are short of copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, magnesium and sometimes of iodine. The level of iron, cadmium and nickel in the fodders is normal, only sometimes it is slightly increased. In cattle herds concentration of copper, zinc and manganese is 30-70% lower than physiological parameters. Having normal level of iron and phosphorus sow showed lower values of manganese, copper, magnesium, calcium and zinc by 24,0-43,3%, 13,5-23,0%, 6,0-20,0%, 10,0-13,5% and 3,6-11,5%, respectively. The imbalance of microelements is harmful, because of the deficit and excess of one of them or more. Heavy metals and other ecotoxicants introduction even within maximum allowable concentration result in diselementosis, various animal diseases, welfare decrease (and other negative consequences). To solve the problem of diselementosis it is reasonable to add the deficient bioelements into soils. It will promote plants enrichment with bioelements, stimulation of physiological-biochemical processes and increase of plant production with the necessary set and number of microelements and other useful substances (vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, bioactive substances, lipids, etc.).