Metaphoric Nomination in Modern Terminological Systems (Based on Russian, German and English Languages)
The article examines the possibilities of metaphorical nomination in languages with their own terminological systems. The study covers the material of Russian, English and German terminology. Under the conditions of the rapid scientific and technical development one use mainly the secondary nomination resources for the terminological nomination, because the means of the primary nomination are mainly used. An important role in the secondary terminological nomination plays the semantic expansion of common words. In metaphoric nomination the name is transferred from one denotation (realities) on the other, forming a new concept. Modern German and Russian languages, unlike English, use the semantic extension of their own words as a way of new terminological nomination very limitedly. Instead one use a practice of total borrowing new metaphoric English terms. Taking into account the leadership of the English language in the sphere of modern terminological practice, a convenient way of mastering new English terms by other languages, created by semantic expansion, could be their translation (“mouse”, “cloud”, “download”, “download”, etc.).