NEW VARIETIES AND PECULIARITIES OF GROWING TECHNIQUES OF THE WINTER CEREALS FOR SEEDS AT THE FEDERAL BUDGET STATE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION "THE URAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE"
The article presents the results of experimental work with varieties of winter cereals which took place in 2011-2016 years in FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture”. Winter cereals are used for food and fodder grain production. They are sources for receiving of early green fodder and laying in rough and succulent feeds. Winter cereals are of great ecological an agrotechnical importance. These crops greatly determine food safety of Russia. Under strict keeping to the growing technology and the presence of favourable weather conditions, the winter cereals provide the yielding capacity of 5 tons per hectare and even more. The average yield capacity of the winter cereals in Sverdlovskaya region is usually higher than that of the spring cereals but still it is not higher than 2 tons per hectare. The same yield capacity is in the course of the experiments at keeping the agrotechnique but at having unfavourable weather conditions. In some districts of Sverdlovskaya region the yield capacity is stably higher than the average one of this region at 0.4-0.77 tons per hectare. The majority of the varieties of winter wheat are included in the group of “strong” wheat according to the content of stickiness (31-40 %), the value of IDC[О1] (48-70 conventional units), sedimentation (51-76 ml) in the seed obtained in 2014 and in 2015 years and the great number of the fallings. The grain of the winter triticale according to its content of nutrients and the store of the exchangeable energy is available for feeding cattle, pigs and poultry. The new varieties of the winter rye Yantarnaya and Chusovaya, the winter triticale Istokskii 1 yield grain at the level of 5 tons per hectare and higher. With taking into consideration genetic peculiarities of these varieties for successful farming it is necessary to observe the following conditions: space isolation, optimum terms of sowing the seeds and the norms of that process and the determined system of plant protection, preventing mechanical pollution by the other varieties.