IDEALISTIC MONISM IN COMPREHENSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS
The philosophical foundations of consciousness are analyzed. Idealist monism as a methodological principle of consciousness studies was developed on the basis of metaphysics and naturalism. From the perspective of naturalism, nature is a single universal principle explaining everything. Naturalism considered spirit, spiritual phenomena and consciousness as derived from natural phenomena. Metaphysics in the consciousness makes the object of its study not a living spiritual experience but the objectification of spirit, that is, separate categories, ideas, theories and values are assigned in the language. In these forms consciousness sees the reflection of the outer world and its constituent objects, and realities of the outer world are determined by ideas and concepts in accordance with metaphysics. Consciousness as an object of knowledge has a dual entity. It is the result of a long purposeful evolution of living matter, on the other hand, consciousness appears as a perfect integrity.