PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ATTENTION IN PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
The article deals with the phenomenological aspects of attention, from the point of view of history and further development of this issue. The attention is paid to the main pilot studies on this issue. In addition, pathological deviations and features of children's development are considered. The possibility of studying of the issue by means of neurophysiology methods is considered. The attention remains one of the most current problems of psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. The theoretical assumptions of Wundt, Kettela and Munsterberg influenced on the development of the scientific paradigm of attention. The first experimental studies on the problem of attention include experiments Hamilton, Jevons, Freeman, Oberly. In a consequence, Lange and Galperin dealt with this problem. The discoveries in the field of neurophysiology influenced on clarification of the main difficulties in this area. In particular, the detection of the so-called "launch areas" of the reticular formation. It is possible to attribute a factor of neuronic plasticity of a nervous system, conduction and excitability of ionic gradients potential to neurophysiological correlates of attention. It should be noted a role of genetic factors. Especially, it is relevant at so-called pathological changes. It is necessary to know basic genetic influence of genes on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the mediated their influence on behavior. In addition, the ways of interacting genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of this disease should be considered.