Assessing particle contributions of ship exhaust gases to the atmosphere in port cities (Review)
The potential health and environmental implications associated with the exhaust gases of marine engines have led to significant recent research activities. Although knowledge of the characteristics of emissions from marine engines has improved considerably due to an ever-growing interest in the scientific community, there is still lack of the aggregate assessment to fully understand about aspects of the emissions from ships. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of emission from ships, highlights problems relating to particle emission such as particle emission factors, chemical compositions, particle distribution, factors affecting particle emissions, the contribution of ship emission to the environment, as well as the impact of ship emission on air quality, ecosystems, and human health. Additionally, this article also mentions emission regulations, study methods and evaluation of exhaust emissions and method reducing emission from the ship