Promising Pea Varieties, Developed in Krasnoufimsk Breeding Center
The experiments conducted in 2016-2018 under the conditions of the Middle Urals were aimed at developing new pea varieties combining high potential productivity, resistance to main diseases and adaptability to harvesting. Breeding nurseries were established on dark grey forest soil in a standard ten-field crop rotation. The forecrop was seeded fallow (rape). In the years of the research weather conditions varied greatly during the growing season. In 2016 it was registered a lack of precipitation throughout the entire growing season (the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was 0.7); in 2017 the air temperature was below the long-time average annual one with precipitation amount above the norm (the HTC was 2.4); in 2018 the hydrothermal coefficient was at the level of 1.5. In each year, 30-35 variety samples were studied four times in the competitive testing nurseries on plots with an area of 19 m2. Krasnoufimsky 11variety was a standard for leafless varieties; Marathon variety was a standard for the laminar pea varieties. The competitive variety test showed that the new promising varieties Edem and Fakel exceeded the standards in terms of yield (by 0.11 t/ha and 1.6 t/ha, respectively) and in terms of the protein content in seeds (by 1.6% and 2.2%, respectively). At the same time, they were less susceptible to ascochyta leaf blight than the standards (by 2.3% and 2.8%, respectively), to root rot (by1.8% and 2.5%, respectively) and to pea moth (by 3.1% and 1.7%, respectively). In 2018 the new variety Edem was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements; the Fakel variety was passed for state variety test. Their genotypes corresponded to the model (main parameters) of the pea variety for the conditions of the Middle Urals.