QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS IN LOOSE HOUSING IN THE CONDITIONS OF VORONEZH OBLAST
The authors present the results of research on the productivity of Holstein cows in loose housing taking into account the modern technological features of obtaining raw milk in the conditions of dairy units of OOO EkoNivaAgro in Voronezh Oblast. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters of productivity of Holstein cows was performed in 2012-2016. The authors present the dynamics of changes in the studied parameters of productivity of imported cows in loose housing with the account of technological factors, as well as climatic features of Voronezh Oblast. The evaluation of the dynamics of dairy productivity shows that the imported livestock realizes its dairy potential taking into account the typical and paratypical factors of loose housing. The average milk yield per one cow was 8859.8 kg according to the production report and 8426.2 kg according to the valuation data. The average milk yield over 305 days of the first lactation within the research period was 7928.8 kg, and the milk yield of cows in the third lactation and older was 9424.5 kg. However, in the conditions of intensive loose housing the duration of productive use of cows (the average retirement age) was 1.74 calving and the average retirement of cows was 32.4%. When determining the quality of obtained raw milk, it could be noted that in the first and third lactations and older the fat content in milk was 3.78 and 3.77%, respectively, and protein content was 3.27 and 3.29%. The average milk yield in the herd was at the level of 2.15 kg/min. The data of economic calculation of housing efficiency in the conditions of dairy units of the agroholding enterprise indicate that it is reasonable to breed the Holstein cattle in the conditions of Voronezh Oblast.