Factors affecting the processes of androgenesis during wheat anthers cultivation (review)
The current study was carried out in order to analyze the literature devoted to the researches of a number of factors affecting the processes of androgenesis in vitro in wheat anther culture. Triticum aestivum L. is one of the most stable food crops in the world. An important step for wheat breeders is to improve the productivity potential with appropriate grain quality and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. In order to improve and speed up the breeding process, a targeted selection of the initial material is required with the involvement of donors according to the main limiting traits and properties. In this regard, the use of modern breeding methods and biotechnological techniques, which make it possible to quickly obtain a new initial material with desirable economically valuable traits becomes an urgent issue. The use of haploidy methods, namely, the development of plants with a single set of chromosomes from an immature wheat anther culture (androgenesis), has great prospects for such work. According to the researchers, the efficiency of the method in vitro depends on many factors, such as influence of a genotype, growing conditions, a selection period, pre-treatment, a nutrient medium formula and cultivation conditions. According to some critical reviews, a genotype dependence, low efficiency, and albinism can pose serious limitations to the application of the anther culture method. However, other research groups have made significant efforts to reduce the impact of these negative factors. Due to continuous improvements, the well-established method of anther culture cultivation in vitro can be an effective way to develop wheat varieties and lines with the desired traits and properties.