RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM THE MYCELIUM BIOMASS OF THE HIGHER MUSHROOMS UNDER SUBCRITICAL EXTRACTION
The article is devoted to the study of the process of isolation of polysaccharides from the biomass of mycelium of the common oiler ( Suillus luteus ) under conditions of subcritical extraction. The aim of the work was to study the dependence of the yield of extractive substances (EV) on the conditions of subcritical aqueous extraction of mycelium and the study of its polysaccharide composition. As an object of study, we used the strain of butterdish ordinary ( S. luteus D-18) isolated from fruit bodies collected in natural habitats of the coniferous forest of the Altai Territory. As a result of the studies, conditions were developed for extracting EV from the mycelium biomass of S. luteus fungi under subcritical conditions with the following parameters: T=230 °C; P=27,98×105 Pa; the ratio of raw materials (g) to extractant (ml) 1:50; t=20 min. It was found that with an increase in temperature and pressure from 100 °С/1,015×105 Pa to 230 °С/27,98×105 Pa, the yield of EV from the mycelium of S. luteus doubles, while the calculated diffusion coefficient increases from 5,0×10-21 to 15,0×10-21 (m2/s), respectively. Using hydrolysis of extraction products, it was found that methods for extracting the mycelium biomass of higher S. luteus fungi with water lead to the extraction of polysaccharides of different composition. It was shown that the highest content of water-soluble polysaccharides in S. luteus mycelium was found using the extraction method in subcritical conditions - 18,90 %. Using HPLC, it was found that, using subcritical extraction, the monomer composition of S. luteus mycelium biomass polysaccharides is represented mainly by glucose, mannose, fucose and ramnose in a ratio of 1,0:1,1:0,7:1.7, respectively. At an extraction temperature of 100 °C, their ratio was 1,0:0,9:0,7:1,3. The data presented in the article can be of significant interest for the creation of biological products that are promising for use in the food, pharmaceutical and forest industries.