MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PHILOSOPHY OF ENGINEERING
Technique (from the Greek tehne - art, skill, skill) - it is a collection of artificially created tools and tools (the so-called artifacts, from the Latin artefactum artificially made) and a system of scientific methods for their manufacture. In the word techne, the Greeks denoted a special kind of knowledge and at the same time the ability to produce and construct artificial objects. The knowledge that the Greeks called the word techne occupied the middle position between knowledge based on simple everyday experience, knowledge of tacts and theoretical knowledge of essences. Techne is based on experience, but knows the causes of certain things. Techne gives birth to a new like nature, but in the result of techne, something that nature is not capable of, but what a person needs. Technical tools and adaptations appeared together with Homo sapiens, but the subject of philosophical analysis of technology was only in the late XIX - early XX centuries. This is not accidental. The fact is that for millennia the technical and theoretical developments have been independently of each other. The technique was perceived as a sphere of practical mastery of reality and associated with prescription knowledge, a craft handed down from generation to generation and based on tradition. And only in the New time in connection with the emergence of science as a specialized activity. An ideal of technology based on scientific, theoretical, knowledge and science, a theory aimed at solving practical problems, is being formed. The appearance in the course of the industrial revolution of engineering activity marks the appearance not only of the first technical theories, but also of the first philosophical comprehension of technology. The philosophy of technology originated among engineers, and only then the interest of the humanities began to manifest to the phenomenon of technology. Neutral for the philosophy of technology are questions about what is technology, what are its origins and essence, how technology, nature and society interact, what is the role of the person creating and using technology, how does technology and culture relate. Modern philosophy of technology not only examines the actual philosophical problems, but also eagerly enters into discussions on practical (socio-political, ecological, economic, ethico-religious) aspects of technological progress. In the discussion of the philosophy of technology along with engineers and philosophers now participate cultural scientists, historians of science, doctors, demographers, politicians, etc. This is due to the fact that public interest is now increasingly shifting to the social problems of technology.