Research on optimal modes of intelligent networks with a two-way energy flow
The need to optimize intelligent system modes in the Smart Grid concept with the function of a two-way energy flow from its distributed generation sources is proved. In this regard, the concept of a generating consumer is introduced for active consumers, which provides a possibility to flexibly regulate energy flows and equalize the load schedule as well as to minimize financial costs of consumed energy. A new notion - the so-called holonic approach - is introduced and justified within the Smart Grid concept as well as a new term “generating consumer-holon” (GC-holon) implying the capability of energy consumers to independently generate electricity by means of renewable energy sources, to accumulate it and exchange the power with other similar GC-holons and with the main generating system. To construct an intelligent network, a holonic structure based on a set of holons (subsystems) is used. The holonic structure assumes subsystems of different nature located at different levels of aggregation and interconnected in order to form a hierarchy of self-regulating holons, called Holarchy. According to A. Koestler, holons are simultaneously, both whole and partial. They are basically autonomous, which allows them to ensure their existence independently. A two-way energy flow for the holonic structure assumes a possibility of energy generation and storage due to an internal structure of the electric consumer. The key point in the work is the use of consumers' own wind resources, which are quite large in the coastal zone of the Far East and on the islands. A new mathematical model of optimal power consumption by the generating consumer in the form of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations (SNAU) with a two-way flow of energy is developed. A system for prioritizing the choice of generation sources is developed, which ensures the minimization of the material and financial costs of the electrical consumer.