Growing of Annual Mixtures for Fodder Purposes Using Promising Varieties of Leguminous Crops
The goal of the research is to study the productivity and nutritional value of grain mixtures formed on the basis of promising varieties of leguminous crops. The researches were conducted in 2017-2019 on the experimental field of North-West Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming of the Vologda region. The experimental design included 10 variants in three times repetition. The researches were conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting field experiments of the All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Feed. On average over the years of research in the first growth in terms of dry matter yield, the mixture of peas + field beans + oats (variant 2) exceeded the control (peas with oats) by 0.3 t/ha or 6.0%. The rest of the mixtures were at the control level. In the aftergrass the yield of mixed sowing (variant 7-10) including annual ryegrass and spring vetch was 1.22-1.39 t/ha of dry matter (DM). According to the yield a mixture of variants from 7th to 10th stood out including ryegrass and vetch and providing 2 hay crops per season. They exceeded the control by 0.85-1.48 t/ha or 17.3-30.0%. The rest of the mixtures in terms of yield were at the control level. On average for the season the mixtures provided per hectare of 0.39-0.64 tons of raw and 0.20-0.39 tons of digestible protein, 45.3-58.6 GJ of metabolic energy and up to 4.3 thousand fodder units. On average over the years of research the highest protein content in the first growth (11.2 and 11.8% in 1 kg DM) and an increased concentration of metabolic energy (9.6 MJ) were obtained in the crop of the following mixtures: peas + vetch + oats (var. 4) and vetch + field beans + oats (var. 5). The composition of these mixtures included spring vetch of the Assorti variety.