Psychological Mechanisms of Maladaptation in Persons with Character Accentuations and Personality Disorders
The article is devoted to the diagnosis of the severity of character accentuations and personality disorders in psychology students and the study of psychological mechanisms of maladaptation in different personality types. The aim of the study was to establish the psychological mechanisms of maladaptation in persons with different accentuations of character and personality disorders. To study the individual personality traits of students-psychologists, the SMIL test was chosen - a modified MMPI test adapted by L. Sobchyk, which allows diagnosing the personality traits of the respondent and the degree of their expression: "norm", character accentuations and personality disorders. To diagnose the level of adaptation/ maladaptation, we used the Methodology for the diagnosis of socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond. Mental states (anxiety, depression, rigidity, frustration) were diagnosed using a set of techniques. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to establish correlations. It was established that the most pronounced accentuated traits were optimism and individualism, and some students were diagnosed with personality disorders. Correlation analysis showed that the most adapted was the optimistic and impulsive type, and maladaptation was inherent in the anxious, individualistic and introverted personality type. Analysis of the relationship between individual personality traits of students with integrated indicators that indicate the causes of maladaptation, and mental states has identified a typical mechanism of maladaptation for each personality type. Expressed individual personality traits at the level of accentuations and personality disorders provoke a state of maladaptation, accompanied by the experience of such negative emotional states as depression, anxiety and frustration. The prevalence of accentuations and personality disorders among student psychologists highlights the problem of their future professional adaptation and ability to work in the chosen field. All this indicates the need for early detection of personality disorders in freshmen and their psychological support during training in order to increase the level of adaptability.