USING ELECTROPHORESIS OF SPARE PROTEINS FOR SPRING TRITIKALE SELECTION
The aim of the study was to analyze data on the use of storage protein electrophoresis for the selection of spring triticale. Triticale is a wheat-rye hybrid. The crop combines the characteristics of two crops: yield, disease resistance, unpretentiousness, early maturity, etc. The disadvantage of triticale is a high percentage of cross-pollination, and, consequently, the puny caryopsis, low fertility, and lack of wide adaptation. As a result, splitting, the appearance of aneuploids and hybrids, and a return to the original forms can occur in the crops of triticale.Biochemical, microbiological and biotechnological methods, including electrophoresis of storage proteins - prolamins, are of particular importance at different stages of the selection process. Electrophoresis is a technique that is widely used to separate charged particles under the influence of an electric field. As a result, a spectrum of bands is obtained, which carry information about the component composition of the studied proteins. In the analysis of triticale, the electrophoresis method allows you to clearly determine the variety and purity of seeds. The method is well developed and economically available for use, and therefore it is widely used in selection organizations and seed farms. Using the electrophoresis method, varieties of spring triticale Zolotoj Grebeshok, Skoryj and Skoriy 2 were created. Electrophoretic analysis also made it possible to determine the authenticity and varietal purity of triticale seeds, which helped timely identify mechanical and biological contamination. Electrophoretic analysis can be used in evaluating the initial material for crosses and allows you to accelerate the creation of new varieties with a certain set of traits and properties necessary for a specific natural and climatic zone, as well as to maintain the genetic stability of spring triticale varieties and timely detection of mechanical and biological contamination in the cultivation process.