Seeds Proteins Polymorphism of Grain Crops Grown in Arid Areas
The cereals grain proteins qualitative and quantitative composition determines the quality and nutritional value of grain, as well as the flour obtained from it for humans. The protein profiles highlighting method should be accurate and at the same time as accessible and fast as possible, for this purpose, the construction of electrophoretic profiles is widely used. On the other hand, protein pattern differences could be used for variety identification and search for their associations with important for breeding phenotypic attributes. A first stage to search protein candidates for use as protein markers is polymorphic proteins detection, which have high variability value between varieties. The purpose of current work is protein patterns difference analysis of durum wheat and spelt varieties grown in the conditions of spring droughtby electrophoresis. In 7 varieties of durum wheat, 17 proteins were identified, the content of which differed most significantly between varieties. Protein profiling using two prolamins with molecular weights of 100 and 60 kD allowed us to divide 7 studied varieties into 4 groups. 8 proteins were identified in spelt, the content of which differs greatly between varieties. Moreover, two polypeptides were found in the globulin fraction, which are present in all studied spelt varieties and absent in all durum wheat varieties. Therefore, the obtained results can be used in the further protein markers search of economically valuable properties and durum wheat and spelt varieties identity.