METHODS AND MEANS OF MONITORING OF AQUATORIES IN THE SEGMENT OF NEAR THE BOTTOM RESEARCH
Organization of monitoring of the water areas is currently experiencing great difficulties due to a limited range of necessary means, to identify the state of the coastal waters, by performing synchronous measurements for a long time. In the seas of the Russian Federation, especially in areas prone to seasonal hydrometeorological and ice phenomena, the possibilities of field observations and scientific research, including satellite oceanology, are limited. It is possible to resolve the current situation by organizing monitoring on the basis of distributed networks of long-term autonomous stations with the necessary set of measuring aids and remote transmission of measurement results. A special place in the monitoring of water areas is studying the processes of qualitative and quantitative mass transfer at the water-bottom interface using bottom hydrochemical stations. Bottom stations of the new generation allow qualitative and quantitative assessment of chemical exchange at the «water-bottom» boundary by direct measurements of the fluxes of dissolved and gaseous components. The data obtained in this way are the foundation for the study of bottom chemical mass transfer, responsible for the sedimentation and bio-productivity of the water areas, for the assessment and prediction of anthropogenic impact on the environment, for the study and evaluation of mineral deposits based on the analysis of hydrocarbon emanations. For on-line monitoring and control of the operating modes of the stations, hydroacoustic telemetry and microprocessor technologies are used. The construction of the station is based on the use of a number of unified measuring modules - intelligent sensors, which are combined into a single information network.