Development of a concept for the production of wheat snacks with the elimination of gluten by the biocatalysis
The increase in the number of cases of allergic reactions and celiac disease is an important problem. The solution to this problem is the search and development of relevant and effective ways to eliminate gluten. Specific amino acid sequences glutamine and proline determine the resistance to protease hydrolysis of the structural domains of gluten fractions. The analysis of the literature data showed that an alternative to the gluten-free diet is the use of biotechnological methods for modifying ingredients containing gluten. Such methods include the use of leavens on the base of lactic acid bacteria or enzyme preparations containing peptidases specific to gluten biocatalysis. In addition, the pretreatment of raw materials by extrusion cooking contributes to an increase in the degree of gluten hydrolysis. The effect of the thermoplastic extrusion and various enzyme systems containing proteases, amylolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes on the changes in the molecular weights of wheat protein fractions was studied. It was found that extrusion as a factor of protein modification significantly affects the proteolysis of wheat proteins using enzyme systems of different substrate specificity. The most effective hydrolysis was shown by the use of a complex enzyme preparation Amyloprotoorizin. including The effect was also noted after bioconversion of non-extruded wheat. An algorithm for the technology of wheat snacks based on the processes of extrusion and biocatalysis of proteins with specific proteases for the elimination of gluten is devepoped. The practical implementation of the technology will make it possible to obtain ready-to-eat snacks, which will be investigated for the preservation or elimination of antigenic properties during clinical trials.