ACTIVITY OF THE PROBLEM OF TIC AND TOURETTE’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (literature review)
Tics and Tourette’s syndrome observed in children and adolescents are an important socially significant problem, since they have a negative impact on the quality of life of the child. Of great importance in the occurrence of hyperkinesis is the failure observed in the dopaminergic system. This fact may be caused in turn by disorders that occur during fetal development due to ischemic damage, infectious processes, birth injury, and hereditary dopamine metabolism deficiency. Research purpose is to analyze literature data on the problems of ticks and Tourette’s syndrome in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: literature data on the problems of ticks and Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents. Results. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are quite diverse with the involvement of the muscles of various groups in the pathological process. However, tics often affect the muscles of the facial muscles with the gradual involvement of the underlying groups in the process. Correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pathology will help to determine the complex of therapeutic and psychological measures to reduce the severity of clinical manifestations and normalize the social adaptation of the child in society. Therapeutic measures should be started gradually, with the most “soft” drugs that have the minimum number of side effects with psychocorrectional programs. In the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome, the main role is given to antipsychotics, which are antagonists of dopamine receptors. In order to extend the period of remission in children with tic hyperkinesis, it is necessary to exclude annoying external influences, including: television broadcasts, games with tablets, smartphones. Conclusion. A comprehensive approach to this problem with the participation of doctors, psychologists, parents is the key to reducing the severity of symptoms, lengthening the disease - free period and improving the quality of life of the child.