Julius Caesar and the Populars (Political Struggle in 50-40-s <sup>BC).</sup>
The problem of connections between the populars and Julius Caesar is the subject of serious discussion. Some scholars try to see different connections between them (T. Mommsen, J. Balsdon, L. Raditsa and oth.), while the others think that these connections either were broken during the Gallic and Civil Wars (M. Gelzer, R. Syme), or never existed at all (S.L. Utchenko). The author thinks that these ties were very strong at every period of his political life. Before Gallic wars Caesar was of course one of the populars and during the Gallic Wars their ties continued to be strong. In 52 he practically saved the populars from extinction by the optimates and many of participants of popular party became the officers of Caesar in the Civil War. Even in the reforms of 40-44 B.C. we can trace a strong popular tendency. Nevertheless the Empire of Caesar was a new type of Commonwealth and left no place both for oligarchic regime and to the city democracy.