Effectiveness of environmental soil management systems in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine
The article outlines the methodological support for evaluating the feasibility of specific soil management systems. The criteria of such evaluation are the indicators of economic, industrial and environmental efficiency of the industry. The economic efficiency of agriculture is estimated by the adequacy of the actual productivity of the arable land (Pa) with its resource-secured value (Pr) by the share Ca = Pa: Pr (if Ca = 0.9, then the adequacy is high, ca = 0.7-0.8 - average, Ca  5, medium - > 4-6 and low -  0, Ei decrease = 16-25, and low Ei => 25. Among the ecological criteria, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the soil environment is especially important, which becomes a code for assessing the conditions for humus reproduction. The ratio C:N = 20-30 is optimal for humification. Increased or decreased value of this criterion from the specified interval is caused by the increase of mineralization and the weakening of the humification of plant residues. An additional criterion for ecological examination of soil management is the agroecotoxicological index of AETI, calculated on the arguments of pesticide application safety level [10]. The article also describes the results of the three years of ecologization: industrial (control), ecological and biological, with its coefficients, 25; 6.2 and 0 respectively, in the stationary field experiment of the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of soil management system options for the Law-Banking Forest-steppe of Ukraine during 2002-2012. The evaluation is carried out using the above-mentioned test of the criteria of the branch system efficiency..According to the results of these researches, the criteria for rationality on low-humus medium-gravel chornozem of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine corresponds to crop rotated intensive model of the system of ecological soil management with saturation of a hectare of the crop rotation with organic fertilizers at the rate of 24 tons and mineral ones at the rate of 150 kg (N46P49K55) against the background of mold basic cultivation of soil in crop rotation with alternating organic matter once in 4-5 years under cultivated crops and non-field measures in the interval between plows. The reality of the specified resource of organic fertilizers is due to the adequate development of livestock breeding and the full use of vegetable residues, non-consumable parts of crops, seed crops, compost, for the fertilization of soil. On average, over 11 years, the system received the following indicators: arable land productivity - 10.7 t/ha of feed units with its adequacy to the bioclimatic potential of 1.18; intensity factor 1.9; productivity stability 83 %; coefficient of energy efficiency 6,3; profitability 96 %; high quality and environmentally friendly products; positive annual balance of humus + 0.36 t/ha and elements of mineral nutrition in the ratio of C: N to 0-10 cm in the soil layer 18-20. The system of biological farming is associated with a 20 % reduction in arable productivity due to the shortage of available nutrients and a significant deterioration of the phytosanitary state of the fields.