Modern epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia
Aim. To assess the current epidemiological situation with regard to the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Volga Federal district (VFD) and the Russian Federation from 2006 to 2017. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of CAP community-acquired pneumonia for 12 years was carried out. Epidemiological descriptive-evaluative research methods and geo-information technologies (electronic epidemiological Atlas of the Volga Federal district) were used. Results. The mean annual incidence of CAP in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod region for 12 years (2006-2017) was made up 442.80/0000 [95% CI 397.6-of 487.9], which practically coincides with the average annual indicator of VFD 446.30/0000 [95% CI 418.1-474.6], but significantly exceeds the average indicator in Russia 382.20/0000 [95% CI 350.1-414.3] (p=0.0006). There is a territorial unevenness of the distribution of morbidity and a significant amplitude of indicators in the VFD and Nizhny Novgorod region, especially pronounced in the regions of the region, which is largely determined by the quality of epidemiological surveillance. In the structure of the CAP cases in Nizhny Novgorod region is dominated by adults, and the incidence is highest in the groups of children 1-2 years and 3-6 years : the incidence of children 1-2 years amounted to 1735.80/0000 [95% CI 1579.46-1892.13], children 3-6 years - 1074.240/0000 [95% CI 905.41-1243.08] (mean annual values). Conclusions. The problematic issues of epidemiological surveillance of CAP are identified: improving the quality of diagnosis, detection and registration of CAP; determining the real incidence in all age groups; improving the etiological interpretation; analysis of the causes of mortality in CAP; determining the causal factors of territorial unevenness of CAP incidence