Conditions for Extraction of Saponins <i>Solidágo virgáurea</i>
Introduction. Currently, despite the achievements in the synthesis of chemical substances, there is a tendency to expand the use of herbal medicines, the use of which is justified by the relative safety and breadth of pharmacological activity. One of the promising sources of biologically active substances are plants of the genus Goldenrod, which has more than 20 plant species. Despite the active botanical and pharmacological study of plants of the genus Solidago, there is insufficient scientific data to date. In addition, the extraction of extracts based on Solidago grass has not been studied in detail, which determines the relevance of the study of representatives of this genus in the technological aspect.Aim. Determination of optimal conditions for the extraction of biologically active substances from the grass of Solidago virgaurea.Materials and methods. The herb Solidago virgaurea, collected during the flowering period, was used as the studied plant raw material. Drying of raw materials was carried out in a natural shadow way. The amount of extractive substances in the aqueous extracts of Solidago grass was determined by the pharmacopoeia method (OFS.1.5.3.0006.15 Determination of the content of extractive substances in medicinal plant raw materials and medicinal plant preparations). Biologically active compounds from dried and crushed raw materials were extracted with 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 96 % ethyl alcohol solution. The quantitative content of biologically active substances in extracts of the herb Solidago virgaurea was determined by the dry residue. The percentage of saponins in the studied plant raw materials was determined in terms of oleanolic acid by direct spectrophotometry based on the reaction with sulfuric acid.Results and discussion. The issues of studying the factors affecting the quality of extraction of saponins of Solidago grass are highlighted. The influence of the degree of grinding of raw materials, the mode of infusion and the type of extractant on the completeness of saponin yield has been studied. According to the results of the study of the extraction conditions of biologically active compounds of aqueous extracts of Solidago virgaurea grass, it was revealed that the maximum amount of biologically active substances was obtained in extracts prepared on the basis of grass crushed to a size of 2 mm by infusing in a water bath for 30 minutes. It was found that the quantitative content of saponins in Solidago virgaurea grass is 9.8 ± 1.2 %.Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, the most rational technology of water extraction based on the herb Solidago virgaurea has been identified: the degree of grinding of raw materials is 2 mm; as an extractant, 60 % ethanol is the most optimal for saponins; the infusion mode is 30 minutes in a boiling water bath. According to the obtained results of quantitative analysis, it was found that the total saponin content in the grass of Solidago is 9.8 ± 1.2 %, which emphasizes the relevance of more detailed studies of this plant raw material from the standpoint of quantitative determination of biologically active substances and determination of a possible spectrum of pharmacological properties.