The history and modern condition of the urban fieldfare ( <i>Turdus pilaris</i> L.) population in Kaliningrad
This article examines the history of formation of fieldfare population in Kaliningrad and describes its current condition. The fieldfare population density during the 2010-2013 nesting period was 0-1.5 breeding pairs/10 hecares in urban forests, 1.1-3.7 b. p./10 ha in city parks, and; 0-1 b. p./10 ha in city streets. The dynamics of nesting density in peripheral abandoned parks is characterized by a clear negative trend, whereas, in cultivated city parks, nesting density has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21 st century. Despite the significant expansion of city habitat and population growth in the first decade of the 21 st century, the fieldfare population in Kaliningrad remains small and slightly exceeds 170 pairs across the city territory. Some factors affecting the formation of urban populations are discussed.