INFLUENCE OF STEAM PRECINCES OF WINTER WHEAT ON DENSITY OF CHERNOZEM AND GRAY FOREST SOIL IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF RUSSIA
The work was carried out on typical chernozem and dark gray forest soil - actively represented in agricultural use in the Central Black Earth region of Russia. Under the conditions of intensification of production and private land use, the fertility of the cultivated lands is decreasing. The physical parameters of the soil convincingly demonstrate this. Mechanical and chemical stress on the soil reduces its fertility and its role as a living system in the biosphere. To maintain and restore the soil fertility of zonal soils, scientists consider fallowing as a way to rehabilitate the physicochemical state of soils, reduce the technogenic load, greening production, and switch to the production of organic products. Three-year studies have shown a positive role for vapors. In occupied and green manure pairs of typical chernozem, from 26,1 to 40,3 t / ha of organic matter is supplied to the soil, in dark gray forest pairs, respectively - 20,8-25,4 t / ha. This not only mobilizes microbiological processes, but also improves the indicators of the agrochemical and physical state of the studied soils. Occupied and green manure fallows, as precursors of winter wheat, reduce the soil bulk density from 1,21 to 1,18 g / cm3 on typical chernozem during the sowing period and from 1,19 to 1,17 g / cm3 for harvesting. On dark gray forest soil during sowing and harvesting from 1,25 to 1,23 g / cm3. The organic matter of occupied and green manure vapors improves microbiological processes, structures the soil and reduces the bulk density in the upper root layer.