ROBERT KOCH - THE FORERUNNER OF BACTERIOLOGY AND THE CREATOR OF FUNDAMENTALS METHODS IN AN INVESTIGATION OF MICROORGANISMS
In May 2010 coming true century since the death's day of the eminent scientist - Robert Koch discovered 24th March 1882 Mycobacterium tuberculosis from which and now die annually more than 1,5 mln people in Earthly Globe. In accordance with WHO resolution in 1993 the tuberculosis had been announced as national calamity and 24th March of every following year - as World Tuberculosis Day. Using the new strategy of a control treatment of this infection with short courses of corresponding chemiopreparations - Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS). Fundamental principles of DOTS: ¬ political support; ¬ using of a microscopy in the diagnosis; ¬ reliable supply of drugs; ¬ necessary controle for treatment; ¬ regular estimation of results. The enumerated principles are universal for any country in the world. Now this strategy is taking root with certain success almost in 200 States. R. Koch introduced for the first time and used widely in a practice the isolation of pure cultures in artificial nutrient condensed media. Specialists - microbiologists put into practice constantly Koch's methodical approach in present time. «We are have to him with methods of bacteria dyeing; with his name connected the first successes in the photoprocesses of microphotography; also by them had been produced the correct ways of disinfection» (V.L. Omelyansky, 1922) [1]. The great merits of R. Koch in the studying of anthrax etiology and cholera; it is good known «The Genle - Koch triad». With appearance of L. Pasteur's and R. Koch's publications in 2d half of XIX c. microbiologia (in a broad sense) standed up at the firm basis.