Krasnodar region example of crop breeding progress
Crop acreage fluctuation is under influence of demand and margin flexibility both, which depend from crop yields. The article aim is to compare main crop breeding efficiency on the base of annual yield growth in Krasnodar region. Authors have analyze crop yields for the last 20 years (1996-2017), with collected from National statistical database. Economic-statistical, abstract-logical, graphical, regression ones, and expert assumptions methods were applied in the research. Regression analysis may reduce input of uncontrolled factors on dynamic of variable quantities. Regression line formulas, like у = ax2 + bx + c, is exactly described tendencies of change of crop acreage. Modelling shows, that the highest breeding progress was observed in sugar beet (+1.64 ton/ ha of the yield surplus per annum), and in rice (+0.18 ton/ ha), that higher, than at in corn (+0.17 ton/ ha) and in winter wheat (+0.12 ton/ ha). However judging on the relative yield increase per annum in percent expression, such crops lead, as corn (+9.8 % perannum), sugar beet (+9.6 %), rice (+7.3 %), sunflower (+7.2 %), and soy (+6.2 %). Soy and corn planted acreage grow up passing ahead rates (+21.0 % and +11.8 % perannum vs to 1996 level) at the considerable rates of yield increase. Winter barley and peas, vice versa, are planted with less acreage rate (-2.6 % and -2.1 % sowing areas per annum accordingly) at moderate progress of crop breeding. The decrease in crop yields during the period of adjustment reached from 15.9 % in winter wheat, to 48.3 % in maize, production is proceeding at a different pace. It is found, that the majority of crops with high rates of yield growth has got significant share of seed ownership by foreign breeders, with except of rice. Poor progress in breeding of some crops may be explained, as the State had deviated away from planned economy in the end of XX century. Current research and development organizations network was maintained in ex-USSR, and then was inherited by modem Russia without structural reforms, proper funding, and weak adjusted to the market economy in common. Visually high rates of some crop yield growth may be partly explained by common agricultural improvement after considerable destruction during so-called “perestroika” period.