MECHANISMS OF NEUROPLASTICITY СORTIСOSPINAL TRACTWHEN PLAYING SPORTS
The aim. To identify signs of plasticity of neural networks of the brain and spinal cord and appropriate сortiсospinal and peripheral nerve pathways, innervating skeletal muscles, representatives of various sports.Material and methods study. Examined 12 players, 10 powerlifters, 28 representatives of аthletics sprint- ing for short (10 people), medium (10 people) and long (8 people). Athletes at rest studied by threshold values, the maximum amplitude, duration, latency and time central motor holding caused by motor res- ponses muscles of the thigh, shin and foot through transcranial мagnetic stimulation, magnetic stimula- tion of the spinal cord at the level of vertebrae T11-T12 and peripheral nerves.The results of the study. With magnetic stimulation of сentral and peripheral nervous system sites stay- ers compared with other sports registered the lowest thresholds and maximum values for amplitude of caused by motor responses, as well as higher latency, duration, time central motor holding caused by motor responses tested muscles. Opposite characteristics parameters of the caused by motor responses found in powerlifters and sprinters.Conclusion. Stayers have a higher level of excitability of the neurons in the cortex of the brain, lumbar spinal α-motoneurons and motor axons innervating muscles of the thigh, shin and foot compared power- lifters, basketball players and with runners in the short and middle distance runners on short distances. Do runners-sprinters and powerlifters conductive ability сortiсospinal tract and axons of the respective peripheral nerves of the lower limb was significantly higher than the athletes of other groups.