INTERFERENCE AND ASSIMILATION AS TWO LINGUISTIC PROCESSES IN THE LANGUAGE OF A. PUSHKIN (BASED ON THE RUSSIAN AND FRENCH LANGUAGES)
Borrowing foreign words is an ongoing process that characterizes the historical development of language. In Russia, of interest are the 18th - 19th centuries, distinguished by significant transformations in the field of language and literature, in particular the formation of common linguistic norms that originated from the prose of the bilingual author A. Pushkin, a novelist and a poet, a critic and a publicist. The study of the vocabulary of this period concerns group bilingualism, in which a structural unit simultaneously becomes an element of two contacting systems - Russian and French, when the indispensable knowledge of the latter is a specific feature of the representative of the historical era under consideration. Bilingualism has a direct impact on the process of enriching the Russian language, therefore, under the conditions of diglossia, A. Pushkin’s individual bilingualism presents interest in the study of French lexemes, since it is known that in the consciousness of a person who speaks two languages, one sign changes under the influence of the other, in particular, the assimilation of French words is influenced by the native Russian speech. Occasional lexical neologisms that initially appear in a bilingual environment, gradually, are widely used by society, becoming a part of the national speech. The writer’s texts make it possible to determine the degree of influence that French speech exerts on the Russian literary norm, changing the rules for the use of one language under the influence of the other, which is a consequence of the linguistic interference of heterogeneous systems under conditions of bilingualism. This study, based on the thesauri and works of the author at different times, shows phonographic, grammatical, lexical, semantic and stylistic changes in linguistic units from the end of the 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries in the context of interactions between two heterogeneous systems and the general linguistic process of the russification of foreign words.