Pharmacological correction of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis with a garlic preparation
Introduction. Periodontal diseases are accompanied by a chronic inflammatory component; antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory drugs occupy an important place in the combination pathogenetic treatment of gingivitis. Phytoncidin derived from fresh garlic (Allium sativum) has been proposed for the treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of using Phytoncidin in the combination treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis on the basis of clinical, immunological, and morphofunctional indicators. Subjects and methods. Clinical and laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Phytoncidin in treating 120 patients aged 18-23 years with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. The periodontal tissues were assessed using the simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) developed by Green and Vermillion and the papillary-marginal alveolar (PMA) index. The efficiency of therapeutic measures was determined by a microbial adsorption test using oral mucosal epithelial cells. Local immunity was investigated from the concentration of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) by an enzyme immunoassay using respective reagent kits. Results. Phytoncidin used in conjunction with professional oral hygiene eliminated the signs of periodontal tissue inflammation, as supported by a reduction in the PMA index in the patients of the study groups. Clinical trials confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of Phytoncidin, which was followed by decreases in the microbial adsorption reaction index and sIgA levels to normal values. Conclusion. The use of Phytoncidin derived from garlic is substantiated in patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. The efficiency of using Phytoncidin is borne out by positive changes in clinical symptoms and by valid data from laboratory tests.