PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND PRECURSORS
The influence of mineral fertilizers and precursors of winter wheat of the Мay Yubileynaya variety was studied in a stationary field experiment on typical сhernozem. The highest yield of winter wheat grain-7.43 t/ha is due to the use of a high background of mineral nutrition-N50P50K50 + N50 and the placement of crops on black steam. Yields on perennial grasses, peas and barley were lower by 4.2, 8.7 and 15.8%, respectively. The highest content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain using both a low background of mineral nutrition - N10P10K10 + N50 (respectively 13.6 and 25.9 %), and a high background of nutrition - N50P50K50 + N50 (14.2 and 27.3 %) were noted as a precursor of perennial grasses. The protein content for black steam, peas and barley relative to its content for perennial grasses was lower by 1.2, 1.6 and 2.6%, respectively, and gluten by 0.6, 2.4 and 6.2 %. The maximum protein harvest - 998 kg/ha was provided by the use of a high background of mineral nutrition- N50P50K50 + N50 in winter wheat crops on perennial grasses. Protein collection for black steam, peas and barley relative to its collection for perennial grasses on a high background of mineral nutrition was lower by 7.0, 14.9 and 28.0%, respectively. When the quality of gluten corresponds to group II "satisfactory weak", the use of a high mineral background caused a tendency to increase the IDC index by 7, 6 and 4 units, reaching maximum values of 93, 92 and 85 units, respectively, in crops of perennial grasses, black steam and barley, which indicates a decrease in the elasticity of bread and an increase in its porosity. For peas with high values of the indicator-89-91 units, the direction of variation is unstable.