Metaphor as a modelling tool of conflict-historical event in scientific discourse
The article describes the scientific metaphor, as a particular epistemological phenomenon that allows simulating a hypothetical situation; the object does not have an ontological status. The fundamental concept stated in the article is conceptual metaphor, which is understood as a basic cognitive model based on analogy to other objects (events, entities) on the basis of knowledge of other objects (events, entities). Due to the fact that the conceptual metaphor concerns the cognitive sphere more, it is implemented in language as a metaphoric model, which combines system of speech representatives or textual metaphors. Functional ambiguity of metaphorical models used in the modelling of scientific discourse makes it possible to talk about scientific discourse as a inhomogeneous phenomenon: a discursive-ontological metaphor creates mental space for research activities (the scientific area), a gnoseological metaphor creates a conception of a scientific phenomenon as a separate phenomenon (epistemological Robinson) and a studied object as a whole (language organism), a communicative metaphor is realised in the process of teaching. The specificity of scientific modelling is the formation of a hypothetical image of a historical event in the scientific text. The system of events, evaluations, human lives, etc. is recreated in the historical text, and this model claims the status of reconstruction, since it is assumed to recreate a real situation in the past. The analysis of theoretical works in this field and linguistic analysis of the text suggest that this reconstruction is metaphorical in its nature. To illustrate this situation we analyse the system of text metaphors from Kara-Murzas Civil War (1918-1921). Lesson for the Twenty-First Century. The results of the analysis make it possible to consider that by means of various text metaphors in the scientific historical text we can develop a complete metaphoric model of the described object. This metaphoric model is epistemological in nature - it allows presenting new aspects of the phenomenon, but can also generate an attitude towards a particular event, situation or phenomenon. Despite the special factuality of the historical scientific text, the formation of a metaphoric image of the described object is accomplished by way of metaphoric principles. However, latent-specific evaluation, implemented by means of appeals to models, is not ambivalent in moral terms and implements cultural meanings: friend-or-foe, creativity-destruction.