Development of the production process for feed products originating from shallow Azov and Black Seas fish species
This article addresses the possibility of applying enzymatic hydrolizates of small Azov and Black Seas fish species - the Azov anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus maeoticus), the Black Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus) and tyulka (Clupeonella cultriventris) - in the process of feed production. The records and methods of studies used on developmental stage are presented. Upon the analysis of chemical composition of fish raw product, the practicability of anchovy, sprat and tyulka usage as protein and fat componets in the process of feed production has been established. The values of experiment design factors (hydrolysis duration, enzyme agent dosage, water duty) and corresponding function response values (tyrosine quantity) were presented, as well as the degree of protein hydrolysis. The research determined optimal regimes for anchovy, sprat and tyulka enzymatic hydrolysis with the aim of obtaining highly digestible fish protein with high degree of its hydrolysis: hydrolysis duration 360 minutes, dosage of enzyme agent protosubtilin G3x 0.5 %, water duty 10 %. A process design has been developed for feed product in bulk on the basis of enzymatic hydrolyzate of Azov and Black Seas small fish raw material, which includes the following operations: raw material delivery, thawing procedure (for frozen fish), rinsing, blending of minced fish with preservative agent, its fermentolysis, enzyme inactivation, blending of enzymatic hydrolysate with minced plant raw material, drying and milling of fish and plant blend compound, elimination of metal foreign matters, cooling, sieving, packing, labelling, transportation and storage. The experimental research studies allowed to find out that raw protein content in the developed fish-plant feed product is 20. 8 % (47.6 % of this protein is presented by the products of protein hydrolytic decomposition: amino acids, short chain peptides, polypeptides), fat content is 5.1 %, water content is 7.6 %, crude ash is 4.1 %.