Self-attitude as a resource for personal adaptation in a disability situation
Disability is considered as a difficult life situation associated with the need to strain the adaptive resources of the subject. Defining and describing the list of resources and their specifics is one of the urgent tasks. This makes it possible to formulate more clearly the directions of psychological and pedagogical assistance. The basic structure of personality is self-attitude. Self-attitude determines the peculiarities of a person's attitude to himself, to the world, the peculiarities of behavior and adaptation. The aim of the study is to characterize the correlation between the self-attitude of adults with disabilities and the socio-psychological adaptation parameters. The respondents’ answers were processed using the content analysis method. The questionnaire "Diagnostics of Social Psychological Adaptation (K. Rogers, R. Diamond)" (adapted by A. Osnitsky, 2004), the Test Questionnaire of Self-Relation by Stolin V. and Panteleev S. (1985). Research data were calculated using 10.0 Statistica software. Spearman's rS correlation coefficient was calculated and Kruskal-Wallis H test to define divergences between the respondents’ groups. There is a contradiction in the parameters of self-attitude in all groups of respondents. On the one hand - quite high indicators of self-confidence, self-esteem, on the other - quite low indicators of the expected attitude of others. Such results may indicate the presence of intrapersonal conflict. A significant condition for adaptation is the attitude of others in a group of people with visual impairments. A self-confidence, independence, positive self-esteem, and self-understanding are important for adaptation among a group of people with hearing impairment. The basic parameters of adaptation are associated with a sufficient level of self-esteem, the presence of relationships with others among the group of adults with severe speech disorders. Self-confidence and a positive attitude towards oneself, an understanding of one's importance to others, and the ability to control one's own life are important factors of adaptation for adults with mobility disabilities. At the same time, interest in one's own thoughts and feelings, in one's own personality, is accompanied by a desire to escape from problems and a tendency to distort information. The specificity of the self-attitude of adults with disabilities is associated with the variants of impaired development. With various variants of dysontogenesis, self-attitude is an important resource for socio-psychological adaptation.