ON THE LIFE CYCLE AND MORPHOLOGY OF METACESTODES DIOECOCESTUS ASPER (CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: DIOECOCESTIDAE)
Metacestodes Dioecocestus asper (Cyclophyllidea) habe been found in larvae of dragonflies Aeshna spp. (Odonata, Anisoptera) from the lakes of the Upper Kolyma and northern Okhotsk seaboard basins (3.8 ± 0.46 % of n = 1730 and 0.09 ± 0.09 % of n = 1065, respectively) for the first time. Thus, participation of dragonflies in lifecycle of Dioecocestidae has been proved. Larvagenesis of D. asper (from spontaneously infested hosts) have been retraced from the stage of primary lacuna up to fully-developed metacestode. Process of development of the metacestode D. asper includes two invaginations. The first one follows the start of exogenous formation of undifferentiated anlage of the cystoscolex; as the result, the latter settles to the bottom of the forming two-layered exocyst homologous to the cercomer. Subsequent development of the prospecive part and the endocyst occurs in the closed amniotic cavity of the sacciform exocyst, the back pole of which preserves embryonic hooks and the front pole possesses the invaginational channel. At the stage of early scolexogenesis, the endocyst with the anlage of the strobila and the scolex separates from the exocyst. and the excretory atrium forms on the back pole of endocyst. At the stage of late scolexogenesis, the formation of the larval strobila (differentiation of the sex) is completed and the second invagination starts. Strong retractors pull bottom of the stribila into the endocyst; simultaneously, the front part of it is also turned inside. The invaginational pore of the endocyst of fully-developed metacestode D. asper remains open; the scolex with the most part of the strobila is located outside the endocyst in the cavity of the exocyst. The encystment of the metacestode occurs when the temperature rises up to 40°С (i. e., reaching the temperature of the definitive host). Morphogenesis of the uniquely large (among the cyclophyllid metacestodes developing in the invertebrate intermediate host) metacestode D. asper lasts for about two—three years and is associated with the developmental terms of the intermediate host, the larva of the Aeshna dragonfly, in climatic conditions of the Far North-East of Asia. Early stages of morphogenesis of D. asper were noted at the dragonfly larvae of the age of 0+ (at September) and 1+ (at June), and fully-developed metacestodes, only at elder ages. Owing to the extremely large size of D. asper metacestodes we refer them as a specific modification of cysticercoids: a megalocercus (Megalocercus). Common features were noted in the structure and morphogenesis of D. asper megalocercus and ascocerci of Schistotaeniidae. High morphological similarity of these metacestodes and their development in relative taxonomic groups of intermediate hosts, larvae of amphibiotic insects (the dragonfly larvae, and occasionally the larvae of mayflies or water-bugs), prove their belonging to the same philogenetically related group of metacestodes Cyclophyllidea, emerging independently from other groups of cysticercoids. We suggest naming this morpho-ecological group of larvocysts as ascocerci (or ascocysticercoids). The use of the name «ascocercus» as nominal nomenclature for group of larvocysts supposes the change of the name «ascocercus Schistotaeniidae» to «euascocercus».