WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION DURING SOILS AND LANDFILLS POLLUTION WITH TOXICANTS
Methods are proposed for optimizing the environment when contaminated soils and dumping grounds are heavy metals, petroleum products and radioactive elements. When creating alkaline and carbonate barriers, the content of water-soluble compounds Fe was reduced from 2.3±0.1 to 0.6±0.01 mg/l; MP - from 0.2±0.1 to 0.06±0.01; Zn - from 0.6±0.1 to 0.1±0.01. The content of water-soluble forms correlated with the content of mobile forms (X2) and did not correlate with the content of acid-soluble forms. A decrease in the migration of heavy metals, phosphorus, 90Sr, and 137Cs was established when the zeolite was applyed into the soil. For the absorption of petroleum products, the introduction of hydrophobised highmoor peat into the soil is recommended. The introduction of the sorbent in a dose of 30 t/ha almost completely absorbed heavy metals, anti-icing agents, peat layers at a depth of 20-25 cm prevented the rise of salts to the surface. The feasibility of creating precipitation centers of CaCO3, MnO2 to reduce the mobility of heavy metals has been shown. At the same time, Eh mV in HSE changed when MnO2 was introduced in chernozem from 313 to 350 mV, the content of water-soluble Fe was from 11.9 to 5.5; in chestnut soil - from 29.4 to 14.3 mg/l. It is proposed to remove heavy metals from the soil by means of electromelioration. The features of the biological treatment of soils and phytomelioration are considered. The covering of landfills with soil with given sorption properties and the creation of geochemical barriers packages selective for the absorption of individual toxicants are proposed.