A search of the foundations of periodization of world history
Spengler was a supporter of cyclic recurrence and appropriate repetition of historical development based on internal factors. A.L. Chizhevsky developed the idea of the ups and downs in the epidemics, climatic and geological cataclysms, mass social movements, depending on the natural and cosmic factors. These ideas formed the basis of many philosophical and historical concepts of social development, economic and policy research.