finance system and then assess whether campaign finance reform offers promise  for reducing polarization ... recent decades, even more so since the election of  Barack Obama and the emergence of the tea party .... They constitute a universe  parallel to candidate and party campaigns, formally separate and independent  but ...
Oct 19, 2008 ... Senator Barack Obama's announcement on Sunday of his record-shattering  $150 million fund-raising total for September underscored just how much his ...  Mr. Obama, by cultivating millions of small donors over the Internet, has built what  amounts to a parallel public financing system that is arguably more ...
Jan 8, 2010 ... Barack Obama's relative success in raising campaign funds from small donors  during the 2008 primary season is well known. Not as well ... Obama was the first  major party presidential nominee since the public financing system was created  in 1974 not to accept public financing for the general election.
Apr 11, 2008 ... Updated INDIANAPOLIS – Senator Barack Obama said today that the public  financing system for presidential campaigns, which has been in place since ...  through the public financing system may be substantially lower than the amount  of money that can be raised through small donations over the Internet.
Oct 4, 2013 ... public financing that are specifically aimed at changing the incentives for  candidates to reach out to small ... Michael J. Malbin is Professor of Political  Science, University at Albany (SUNY). He is also a ... one-quarter the number of  small donors to President Obama in 2012) to equal the financial value.
Barack Obama's network of small donors constitutes a "parallel public financing system."