Author is related to Book. Sex is a type of Book. Sex can be Nice. Nice is related to Pleasant. 
Root is a synonym of Ancestor. Grandfather is a type of Ancestor. Grandfather is related to Family. 
Author <--RelatedTo--> Book <--IsA-- Sex --HasProperty--> Nice <--RelatedTo--> Pleasant 
Root <--Synonym--> Ancestor <--IsA-- Grandfather <--RelatedTo--> Family 