meta: {"file": "/data/tomer/Sefaria-Export/txt_done/Talmud/Bavli/Commentary/Rif/Seder Zeraim/Rif Berakhot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.txt"}
text: Rif Berakhot
  רי"ף ברכות
  Sefaria Community Translation
  
  
  Rif Berakhot
  
  
  
  Daf 1a
  
  From when may we recite Shema in the evening? From the time when the Kohanim go in to eat their Terumah until the end of the first watch - these are the words of Rabbi Eliezar. And the sages say: until midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: until the break of dawn.
  The rabbis learned: from when may one begin to recite Shemah in the evenings? From the time that people enter [their homes] to eat their bread on Erev Shabbat - these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: from the time the Kohanim are clear to eat their Terumah.
  
  Daf 1b
  
  A sign for this matter is Tzet Hakokhavim (the emergence of the stars). And even though there is no proof there is a hint to this matter, as it is written in Nehemia 4: "And so we worked on, while half were holding lances, from the break of daw until the stars appeared." And it [also] says there: "that we may use the night to stand guard and the day to do work." [...]
  Until the end of the first watch.
  Rav Yehuda says citing
  
  Daf 2a
  
  Shemuel says the halakhah is according to what Rabban Gamliel taught. Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai says sometimes a man recites the Shema two times at night and once before the dawn in the morning and one after he rises at dawn and fulfills his obligation for the night and the day. Rabbi Aha bar Hanina reports that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: The halakhah is in accordance with Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai. [The Gemara continues] There are those who teach that the statement of Rabbi Aha bar Hanina that in a baraita Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai says according to Rabbi Akiva sometimes a man reads the Shema two times in the day, once before the sunrise and once after the sunrise and fulfills his obligation for the day and the night [reading of Shema]. Rabbi Aha bar Hanina says in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that the halakhah is in accordance with Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai. Rabbi Zera says: as long as he does not say Hashkivenu  - all of this is halakhah. Rabbi Gamliel says in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai that fulfilling the obligation until dawn is bedieved and if he willfully reads the Shema before the dawn he has fulfilled his obligation even though this is not permitted. 
  It is taught in a baraita: the Sages make a fence around their words in order that a man should not come from the fields in the evening and say to you, "I will go to my house, eat a little, sleep a little, drink a little and then I will recite the Shema and pray. If sleep catches him, he will sleep the entire night. Rather, a man should come from the field in the evening and go to the beit knesset or to the beit midrash. If he is used to reading the Torah, he should read it and if he is used to learning, he should learn. And after he recites the Shema and prays. All who disregard the words of the Sages are liable for the death penalty. This is what Rabbi Shimon said about the times that a man recites the Shema of the evening before sunrise is only in cases of duress, such as one who was drunk or ill. 
  But if one does this
  
  Daf 2b
  
  
  
  Daf 3a
  
  it is like a lengthy geulah. In the morning prayers, one must juxtapose the geulah with the Amidah prayer. Even though the beginning he says Psalms, Sefatai Tiftah (51:17), since the Sages established Sefatai Tiftah in the prayer like a lengthy Amidah prayer.