meta: {"file": "/data/tomer/Sefaria-Export/txt/Halakhah/Abudarham/English/Sefaria Community Translation.txt"}
text: Abudarham
  אבודרהם
  Sefaria Community Translation
  
  
  Abudarham
  
  Introduction
  
  
  
  First Gate; Laws of Kriat Shema
  
  
  
  Second Gate; Prayer
  
  
  
  Third Gate; Blessings on Commandments
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  The reason women are exempt from time-triggered positive commandments is that a woman is subjugated to her husband fo rthe fulfillment of his needs. If she were obligated to perform time-triggered commandments, it might happen that just when she is performing the commandment her husband will command her to do his bidding. If she were to fulfill the command of the Creator and ignores his [her husband's] command, woe to her from her husband! And if she were to fulfill his command and ignore that of the Creator, woe to her from her Maker! Therefore the creator exempted her from his commandments, so that she can be at peace with her husband.
  
  Weekday Prayers
  
  Bedtime Recitation of Shema
  
  
  
  Morning Blessings
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  A person blesses these three blessings each day: the first is who has not made me a gentile, since "All nations are as naught in His sight; He accounts them as less than nothing" (Isaiah 40:17). The second is who has not made me a [Canaanite] slave since the slave is not commanded in positive commandments which are caused by time, and further, that they have no merit of ancestry, since their ancestors did not stand at Mount Sinai. And further, that we do not believe them, since "the more slaves, the more theft" (Pirkei Avot 2:7). And further, that it is forbidden for a slave to marry a Jewish woman, and that a slave is close to a gentile. The Rama"h questions if a convert blesses "who has not made me a gentile" and if a captive blesses "who has not made me a slave", and replies that so we have seen, the blessing applies specifically to the beginning of the creation of man, and as such a convert does not bless "who has not made me a gentile" except when they were entirely born and bred (pregnancy and birth) in holiness [Judaism]. But the captive blesses "who has not made me a slave", since this blessing was not established for slavery itself but rather since the slave is not obligated in commandments like a Jew, and is not fitting to enter the community [marry into it], and is unsuitable for many things. And the third blessing is who has not made me a woman, since she is not commanded in positive commandments that are caused by time as we have explaned in the introduction to this book. The man is similar to a labourer who enters a field and plants with permission, and the woman is similar to one who enters a field without permission. And further, that the fear of her husband is upon her and she is unable to perform even that which she is commanded in. And women are accustomed to bless instead of "who has not made me a woman", "who has made me according to His will", like one who justifies the Judgement regarding the evil that has come upon them.
  
  
  Blessings on Torah
  
  
  
  Tzitzit
  
  
  
  Tefillin
  
  
  
  Mishnah on the Location of the Sacrifices
  
  
  
  Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael
  
  
  
  Songs of Praise
  
  
  
  Kaddish and Barchu
  
  
  
  Blessings on the Shema
  
  
  
  Amidah
  
  
  
  Amidah Repetition
  
  
  
  Laws of Prayer
  
  
  
  Post Amidah
  
  
  
  Torah Reading
  
  
  
  Afternoon Service
  
  
  
  Evening Service
  
  
  
  Compensatory Prayer (Tashlumin)
  
  
  
  Shabbat Prayers
  
  Shabbat eve
  
  
  
  Evening Service
  
  
  
  Mishna of 'Bameh Madlikin'
  
  
  
  Kiddush
  
  
  
  Morning Service
  
  
  
  Torah Reading
  
  
  
  Musaf
  
  
  
  Day Meal
  
  
  
  Afternoon Service
  
  
  
  Three Meals of Shabbos
  
  
  
  The Conclusion of Shabbat
  
  
  
  Rosh Chodesh
  
  
  
  Chanukah
  
  
  
  Purim
  
  
  
  Pesach
  
  Month of Nissan
  
  
  
  Evening Service
  
  
  
  First Part of the Seder
  
  
  
  The Haggadah
  
  
  
  Second Part of the Seder
  
  
  
  Festival Prayers
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  The reason God commanded us to count the Omer is because each person was busy with their personal harvests, and everyone was separately spending time in their own granaries - and might have forgotten to join the rest of the nation in Jerusalem for the holiday. The commandment to count the Omer reminds everyone to go up to Jerusalem for the holiday.
  
  Customs for the Days of the Counting (Sefirah)
  
  
  
  Shavuot
  
  
  
  Fasts
  
  Prayers
  
  
  
  Tishah B'Av
  
  
  
  Rosh HaShanah
  
  Prayers
  
  
  
  Blowing the Shofar
  
  
  
  Musaf
  
  
  
  Yom Kippur
  
  Yom Kippur Eve
  
  
  
  Kol Nidrei
  
  
  
  Confession
  
  
  
  Prayers
  
  
  
  Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret
  
  First Days
  
  
  
  Hoshana Rabba
  
  
  
  Shmini Atzeret
  
  
  
  Hebrew Calendar
  
  Introduction
  
  
  
  Gate of Moladot (Initial Appearances)
  
  
  
  Gate of Designations and Postponements
  
  
  
  Gate of Designations of the Years
  
  
  
  Order of Parashiot and Haftarot
  
  
  
  Calendar Patterns
  
  
  
  Gate of Seasons (Tekufot)
  
  
  
  Laws of Blessings
  
  Introduction
  
  
  
  First Gate; Blessing on Bread
  
  
  
  Second Gate; Mezonot (Grain Products)
  
  
  
  Third Gate; Shehakol (Everything)
  
  
  
  Fourth Gate; Ha'adama (Fruit of the Ground)
  
  
  
  Fifth Gate; Ha'etz (Fruit of the Tree)
  
  
  
  Sixth Gate; Food During and After the Meal
  
  
  
  Seventh Gate; Blessings on Scents
  
  
  
  Eighth Gate; Blessings of Praise and Thanksgiving
  
  
  
  Ninth Gate; Blessings on Commandments
  
  Circumcision
  
  
  
  Redeeming a Firstborn
  
  
  
  Redeeming Neta Revai
  
  
  
  Betrothal Blessing
  
  
  
  Marriage Blessings
  
  
  
  Mourning
  
  
  
  Mezuzah, Parapet, Covering Blood and Separation of Challah
  
  
  
  Eruvin
  
  
  
  Havinenu and Short Prayer
  
  
  
  Nail Cutting
  
  
  
  Concluding Poems
  
  