Glucosamines used in following condition:
(A) Ahritis (B) Niemann pick disease (C) Alzheimer's disease (D) Cancer
(A) option a - Glucosamine is used in ahritis GAGs - it's a tandem repeat of amino sugar + Uronic acid GAGs + Protein - Proteoglycan GAGs + Protein - proteoglycan Major Proteoglycan present in cailage is called Aggrecan That's why Glucosamine is used along with chondroitin sulphate for ahritis. GAGs SIGNIFICANT FEATURES Hyaluronic acid Longest GAG No sulfate present EXCEPTION: GAG which is non-covalently attached to other proteoglycans in ECM. (Whereas mostly GAGs are attached to proteins) Chondroitin sulfate Most abundant (a very large molecule) Major component of cailage Also present in cornea (mainly keratan sulfate) Keratan sulfate Most heterogenous GAGs - Keratin Sulfate I and II (because they contain additional monosaccharides such as L-Fucose, Mannose and NANA) No Uronic Acid present Responsible for corneal transparency Mainly present in cornea Dermatan sulphate Most widely distributed GAG relatively smaller GAG Binds LDL and has role in Atherosclerosis GAG synthesized mainly by aerial Smooth Muscle Cells Heparin Highest Negative Charge Intracellular GAG (mostly GAGs are extracellular) Heparan sulphate Role in retinal cell cell attachment Cell cell adhesion Mucin Clot Test/ Rope Test --> If few drops of Synol fluid is added to Acetic Acid, clot is formed due to polymerization of Hyaluronic Acid. Poor clot formation occurs in Rheumatoid Ahritis, Septic Ahritis, Gouty Ahritis (inflammatory conditions).