0_Wizard
I work in Finance, the field that deals with the study of investment.
Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments.
chosen_Finance_0
Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Venture capital
Venture capital (VC) is a type of private equity, a form of financing that is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential, or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, or both). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity, or an ownership stake, in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes that some of the firms they support will become successful. The start-ups are usually based on an innovative technology or business model and they are usually from the high technology industries, such as information technology (IT), clean technology or biotechnology.
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba"). Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.
History of private equity and venture capital
The history of private equity and venture capital and the development of these asset classes has occurred through a series of boom and bust cycles since the middle of the 20th century. Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital experienced growth along parallel, although interrelated tracks. Since the origins of the modern private equity industry in 1946, there have been four major epochs marked by three boom and bust cycles. The early history of private equity—from 1946 through 1981—was characterized by relatively small volumes of private equity investment, rudimentary firm organizations and limited awareness of and familiarity with the private equity industry.
Economy of China
China's socialist market economy is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's largest economy by purchasing power parity according to the IMF, although China's National Bureau of Statistic denies this claim. Until 2015, China was the world's fastest-growing major economy, with growth rates averaging 10% over 30 years. Due to historical and political facts of China's developing economy, China's public sector accounts for a bigger share of the national economy than the burgeoning private sector. On a per capita income basis, China ranked 71st by GDP (nominal) and 78th by GDP (PPP) in 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Finance
Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. Finance can also be defined as the science of money management. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g.
Private finance initiative
The private finance initiative (PFI) is a way of creating "public–private partnerships" (PPPs) where private firms are contracted to complete and manage public projects. Developed initially by the governments of Australia and the United Kingdom, and used extensively there and in Spain, PFI and its variants have now been adopted in many countries as part of the wider programme of privatisation and financialisation, and presented as a means for increasing accountability and efficiency for public spending. PFI has also been used simply to place a great amount of debt "off-balance-sheet". PFI has been controversial in the UK; the National Audit Office felt in 2003 that it provided good value for money overall.
Economy of the United States
The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy. It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016. The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency, backed by its science and technology, its military, the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system.
1_Apprentice
Oh thanks for that information i have always wanted to get into finance 
0_Wizard
Well in some ways we are all involved in personal finance i guess, for example when paying a loan.
Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.
chosen_Finance_0
Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Personal finance
Personal finance is the financial management which an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources over time, taking into account various financial risks and future life events. When planning personal finances, the individual would consider the suitability to his or her needs of a range of banking products (checking, savings accounts, credit cards and consumer loans) or investment private equity, (stock market, bonds, mutual funds) and insurance (life insurance, health insurance, disability insurance) products or participation and monitoring of and- or employer-sponsored retirement plans, social security benefits, and income tax management.
Kiplinger
Kiplinger ( ) is a Washington, D.C.-based publisher of business forecasts and personal finance advice, available in print and online (Kiplinger.com). Its best-known publications are "The Kiplinger Letter", a weekly business and economic forecasting periodical for people in management, and the monthly "Kiplinger's Personal Finance" magazine. The total paid circulation of its periodicals exceeds 845,000, and its Web site, Kiplinger.com receives nearly 4 million unique visits per month (summer 2017). Kiplinger also provides custom publishing services to a variety of companies and associations. Started in 1920 by a former AP economics reporter, Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc., is a closely held company managed for more than eight decades by three generations of the Kiplinger family—founder W. M. Kiplinger (1891-1967), who served as editor in chief of all publications; his son Austin H. Kiplinger (1918-2015), longtime chairman; and Austin's sons Todd L. Kiplinger (1945-2008), vice chair and vice president for investments, and Knight A. Kiplinger (b.
Finance
Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. Finance can also be defined as the science of money management. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g.
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba"). Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.
BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK
BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK, formerly known as LaSer UK is a provider of Consumer Finance Solutions, operating in the UK and Republic of Ireland markets. The company operates credit and loyalty programmes for business partners across multiple sectors – including retail, household, insurance, entertainment and leisure. BNP Paribas Personal Finance manages four million customers and 300 UK partnerships, and in 2016 financed £1.6 billion in credit. The company's operations are in Solihull and Belfast where it employs 740 people. BNP Paribas Personal Finance consists of two separate companies: Creation Financial Services Limited and Creation Consumer Finance Limited, collectively trading under the name of Creation.
Riba
Riba ( "", ) can be roughly translated as "Usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law. "Riba" is mentioned and condemned in several different verses in the Qur'an (3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and perhaps most commonly in 2:275-2:280). It is also mentioned in many ahadith. While Muslims agree that "riba" is prohibited, not all agree on what precisely it is,  or whether its use should be punished by humans rather than Allah. It is often used as an Islamic term for interest charged on loans,  and the belief this is based on — that there is a consensus among Muslims that all loan/bank interest is "riba" — forms the basis of a $2 trillion Islamic banking industry.
Islamic finance products, services and contracts
Banking or banking activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) — known as Islamic banking and finance, or sharia compliant finance — has its own products, services and contracts that differ from conventional banking. Some of these include "Mudharabah" (profit sharing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharakah" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus finance), "Ijar" (leasing), "Hawala" (an international fund transfer system), "Takaful" (Islamic insurance), and "Sukuk" (Islamic bonds). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba").
1_Apprentice
That is very true most people do have to pay for a loan.  Can you tell me more about finance ?
0_Wizard
Sure, it involves the dynamics of asset and liabilities, or as we call them in everyday life, property and debt.
It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk.
chosen_Finance_0
Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate
The Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate discusses various actions and proposals by economists, government officials, journalists, and business leaders to address the subprime mortgage crisis and broader financial crisis of 2007–08. The debate concerns both immediate responses to the ongoing subprime mortgage crisis, as well as long-term reforms to the global financial system. During 2008-2009, solutions focused on support for ailing financial institutions and economies. During 2010, debate continued regarding the nature of reform. Key points include: the split-up of large banks; whether depository banks and investment banks should be separated; whether banks should be able to make risky trades on their own accounts; how to wind-down large investment banks and other non-depository financial institutions without taxpayer impact; the extent of financial cushions that each institution should maintain (leverage restrictions); the creation of a consumer protection agency for financial products; and how to regulate derivatives.
Subprime mortgage crisis
The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009. It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities. Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment. Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.
South African insolvency law
Insolvency in South African law refers to a status of diminished legal capacity ("capitis diminutio") imposed by the courts on persons who are unable to pay their debts, or (which amounts to the same thing) whose liabilities exceed their assets. The insolvent's diminished legal capacity entails deprivation of certain of his important legal capacities and rights, in the interests of protecting other persons, primarily the general body of existing creditors, but also prospective creditors. Insolvency is also of benefit to the insolvent, in that it grants him relief in certain respects. In broad and everyday terms, a person is insolvent when he is unable to pay his debts.
United Kingdom insolvency law
United Kingdom insolvency law regulates companies in the United Kingdom which are unable to repay their debts. While UK bankruptcy law concerns the rules for natural persons, the term insolvency is generally used for companies formed under the Companies Act 2006. "Insolvency" means being unable to pay debts. Since the Cork Report of 1982, the modern policy of UK insolvency law has been to attempt to rescue a company that is in difficulty, to minimise losses and fairly distribute the burdens between the community, employees, creditors and other stakeholders that result from enterprise failure. If a company cannot be saved it is "liquidated", so that the assets are sold off to repay creditors according to their priority.
Causes of the Great Recession
Many factors directly and indirectly caused the Great Recession (which started in 2007 with the US subprime mortgage crisis), with experts and economists placing different weights on particular causes. Major causes of the initial subprime mortgage crisis and following recession include: International trade imbalances and lax lending standards contributing to high levels of developed country household debt and real-estate bubbles that have since burst; U.S. government housing policies; and limited regulation of non-depository financial institutions. Once the recession began, various responses were attempted with different degrees of success.
European debt crisis
The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009. Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied.
Law of succession in South Africa
The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract. If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of. In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.
1_Apprentice
Okay thanks for that information .  Do you know when finances came about ?
0_Wizard
Not really, but it must be since money is around, since finance is also called the science of money management.
Finance can also be defined as the science of money management.
chosen_Finance_0
Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba"). Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.
Money management
Money management is the process of managing money which includes expense tracking, investment, budgeting, banking and taxes. It is also called investment management. Money management is a strategic technique employed to make money yield the highest interest-yielding value for any amount spent. Spending money to satisfy cravings (regardless of whether they can justifiably be included in a budget) is a natural human phenomenon. The idea of money management techniques has been developed to reduce the amount that individuals, firms and institutions spend on items which add no significant value to their living standards, long-term portfolios and assets.
Riba
Riba ( "", ) can be roughly translated as "Usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law. "Riba" is mentioned and condemned in several different verses in the Qur'an (3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and perhaps most commonly in 2:275-2:280). It is also mentioned in many ahadith. While Muslims agree that "riba" is prohibited, not all agree on what precisely it is,  or whether its use should be punished by humans rather than Allah. It is often used as an Islamic term for interest charged on loans,  and the belief this is based on — that there is a consensus among Muslims that all loan/bank interest is "riba" — forms the basis of a $2 trillion Islamic banking industry.
Assessments, controversies, challenges in Islamic finance
Islamic banking and finance — the industry built around avoiding interest and other financial practices found in violation of sharia (Islamic law) — has been both praised and criticized by observers. The industry has been praised for turning a "theory" into an industry that has grown to about $2 trillion in size; for attracting new banking users who otherwise would not have used banking services (due to religious objections to conventional banking), drawing non-Muslim bankers into the field, and (according to other supporters) introducing a more stable, less risky form of finance. However, the industry has also been criticized as undermining its own "raison d'être" and having moved in the wrong direction over the decades — leading both outsiders and rank and file Muslims to question it.
Money Management
Money Management magazine is a monthly personal finance magazine and is published by the "Financial Times" Group. It was originally launched in 1962 as the Unitholder and later became a part of the FT Business stable. In 2005 FT Business was integrated into Financial Times Ltd.  Money Management is written predominantly for financial professionals such as independent financial advisers and mortgage brokers and is available to buy through subscription. The current cover price is £7.25. The title is edited by Dan Jones. He has written on fund management, stock markets, banking and personal finance for over a decade, latterly at the FT Group and prior to that at Incisive Media.
Microsoft Money
Microsoft Money is a personal finance management software program by Microsoft. It has capabilities for viewing bank account balances, creating budgets, and tracking expenses, among other features. It was designed for computers using the Microsoft Windows operating system, and versions for Windows Mobile were also available (available for Money 2000-2006 on select versions of Windows Mobile, up to, but not including, Windows Mobile 5.0). Money is no longer being actively developed as a retail program. From its inception in 1991 until its discontinuation in 2009, Microsoft Money was commercial software.
English trust law
English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit. Trusts were a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States. Trusts developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result. On the King's behalf, the Lord Chancellor developed a parallel justice system in the Court of Chancery. Historically, trusts were mostly used where people left money in a will, created family settlements, created charities, or some types of business venture.