0_Wizard
Hey, how are ya? Are you familiar with autism at all?
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Autism
chosen_topic_0_Autism
Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication. Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy. Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.
Autism Speaks
Autism Speaks is an autism advocacy organization in the United States that sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public. It was founded in February 2005 by Bob Wright, vice chairman of General Electric, and his wife Suzanne, a year after their grandson Christian was diagnosed with autism. Some autism activists who see autism as simply a "difference" rather than a disease have criticized Autism Speaks and its proponents for seeking a cure. In response, its defenders have pointed to the significant challenges associated with low-functioning autism, Autism Speaks' legal achievements, and the various services and awareness initiatives the organization provides.
Global perceptions of autism
This article discusses diagnosis, treatment, and experiences of autism globally. Although the diagnosis of autisms is rising in post-industrial nations, diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations. Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures. However, many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries. Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy.
Sociological and cultural aspects of autism
Sociological and cultural aspects of autism come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the autism cure movement. The autism rights movement believes autism is a different way of being and advocates against a cure. On the other hand, the autism cure movement advocates for a cure. There are many autism-related events and celebrations; including World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday and Autistic Pride Day.
Causes of autism
Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism and the other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is incomplete. Research indicates that genetic factors predominate. The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are responsible. In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Many other causes have been proposed, such as childhood immunizations, but numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting any link between vaccinations and autism. Autism involves atypical brain development which often becomes apparent in behavior and social development before a child is three years old.
TRL's Number Ones
TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show "Total Request Live" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008. Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame. The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the "Billboard" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet. January 2: "Lose Yourself" - Eminem  January 3: "I'm With You" - Avril Lavigne  January 6: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 7: "I'm With You" - Avril Lavigne  January 8: "I'm With You" - Avril Lavigne  January 9: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 10: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 13: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 14: "All I Have" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J  January 15: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 16: "I'm With You" - Avril Lavigne  January 17: "I'm With You" - Avril Lavigne  January 21: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 22: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 23: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 24: "Cry Me A River" - Justin Timberlake  January 27: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 28: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 29: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 30: "Bump, Bump, Bump" - B2K featuring P. Diddy  January 31: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  February 3: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  February 4: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 5: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  February 6: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 7: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 10: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  February 11: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 12: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 13: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: "Why I Love You" - B2K  February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: "Larger Than Life" - Backstreet Boys  February 18: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 19: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 20: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 21: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 24: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 25: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 26: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  February 27: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  February 28: "Sing For The Moment" - Eminem  March 3: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  March 4: "Sing For The Moment" - Eminem  March 5: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 6: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  March 7: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 10: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  March 11: "Sing For The Moment" - Eminem  March 12: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 13: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 14: "Sing For The Moment" - Eminem  March 17: "In Da Club" - 50 Cent  March 18: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 19: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq  March 21: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 24: "The Hell Song" - Sum 41  March 25: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 26: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 27: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  March 31: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  April 1: "Girlfriend" - B2K  April 2: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  April 3: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 4: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 7: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 8: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 9: "Addicted" - Simple Plan  April 10: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 11: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 14: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 15: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 16: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 17: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  April 18: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  April 21: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 22: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  April 23: "Rock Your Body" - Justin Timberlake  April 24: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 25: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  April 28: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 29: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  April 30: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 1: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 2: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 5: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 6: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 7: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 8: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 9: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  May 12: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 13: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 14: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 15: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 16: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 19: "21 Questions" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  May 20: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 21: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 22: "Fighter" - Christina Aguilera  May 26: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 27: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 28: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 29: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  May 30: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  June 2: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 3: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 4: "Rock Wit U" - Ashanti  June 5: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 9: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  June 10: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 11: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 12: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 16: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 17: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  June 18: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  June 19: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  June 23: "Girls & Boys" - Good Charlotte  June 24: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: "Hot In Herre" - Nelly  June 26: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  June 30: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 1: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  July 2: "Miss Independent" - Kelly Clarkson  July 3: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 7: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 8: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 9: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: "Girlfriend ( Remix )"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly  July 11: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 14: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  July 15: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  July 16: "Crazy In Love" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  July 17: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  July 18: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  July 21: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  July 22: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  July 23: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: "Without Me" - Eminem  July 25: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  July 28: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  July 29: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  July 30: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  July 31: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 1: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 4: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 5: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 6: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  August 7: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 8: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  August 11: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 12: "Can't Hold Us Down" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim  August 13: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 14: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  August 15: August 18: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 19: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 20: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 21: "Low" - Kelly Clarkson  August 26: "P. I. M. P. ( Remix )" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit  August 27: "Right Thurr" - Chingy  August 28: "Low" - Kelly Clarkson  August 29: "Right Thurr" - Chingy  September 2: "Right Thurr" - Chingy  September 3: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  September 4: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  September 5: "Low" - Kelly Clarkson  September 8: "Low" - Kelly Clarkson  September 9: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  September 10: "So Yesterday" - Hilary Duff  September 11: "So Yesterday" - Hilary Duff  September 12: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  September 15: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  September 16: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 17: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 18: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 19: "So Yesterday" - Hilary Duff  September 22: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 23: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 24: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 25: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 26: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 29: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  September 30: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 1: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 2: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 3: "Senorita" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell  October 6: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 7: "Baby Boy" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul  October 8: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 9: "Perfect" - Simple Plan  October 10: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 14: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 15: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 16: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 17: "Trouble" - P!nk  October 18: "Trouble" - Pink  October 21: "The Voice Within" - Christina Aguilera  October 22: "Hey Ya" - Outkast  October 23: "The Voice Within" - Christina Aguilera  October 27: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  October 28: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  October 29: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  October 30: "Will You" - P. O. D.  October 31: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 3: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 4: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 5: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 6: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 7: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 10: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 11: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 12: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 13: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 14: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 17: "Hold On" - Good Charlotte  November 18: "Hold On" - Good Charlotte  November 19: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  November 20: "Hold On" - Good Charlotte  November 24: "Hold On" - Good Charlotte  November 25: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  December 1: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  December 2: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  December 3: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 4: "Feeling This" - Blink-182  December 5: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 8: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 9: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 10: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  December 11: "Feeling This" - Blink-182  December 12: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 15: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  December 16: "Me Against The Music" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna  December 17: "Me, Myself, And I" - Beyoncé  December 18: "Me, Myself, And I" - Beyoncé  December 19: "Me, Myself, And I" - Beyoncé  December 22: "Me, Myself, And I" - Beyoncé  December 23: "Me, Myself, And I" - Beyoncé  December 29: "Poppin Them Thangs" - G-Unit  December 30: Song Of The Year: "The Anthem" - Good Charlotte  January 5: "Feeling This" - Blink-182  January 6: "Poppin Them Thangs" - G-Unit  January 7: "Poppin Them Thangs" - G-Unit  January 8: "Feeling This" - Blink-182  January 9: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 12: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 13: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 14: "Feeling This" - Blink-182  January 15: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 16: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 19: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  January 20: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  January 21: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 22: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 26: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  January 27: "Invisible" - Clay Aiken  January 28: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  January 29: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  January 30: "One Call Away" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver  February 2: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 9: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 10: "One Call Away" - Chingy featuring J/Weav  February 11: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 12: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 13: "Hold On" - Good Charlotte  February 16: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 17: "One Call Away" - Chingy featuring J/Weav  February 18: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 19: "Sorry 2004" - Ruben Studdard  February 20: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 23: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 24: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 25: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  February 26: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  February 27: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 1: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 2: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 3: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 4: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 5: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 8: "Toxic" - Britney Spears  March 9: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 10: "The Way" - Clay Aiken  March 11: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 12: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 15: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 16: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 17: "The Way" - Clay Aiken  March 18: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 22: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 23: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 24: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 25: "My Band" - D12  March 26: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 29: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 30: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  March 31: "My Band" - D12  April 1: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 5: "Naughty Girl" - Beyoncé  April 6: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 7: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 8: "The Way" - Clay Aiken  April 9: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 12: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 13: "Yeah" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon  April 14: "Roses" - Outkast  April 15: "The Way" - Clay Aiken  April 16: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  April 19: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  April 20: "Roses" - Outkast  April 21: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  April 22: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  April 23: "My Band" - D12  April 26: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  April 27: "My Band" - D12  April 28: "My Band" - D12  April 29: "Everytime" - Britney Spears  May 3: "My Band" - D12  May 4: "My Band" - D12  May 5: "My Band" - D12  May 6: "My Band" - D12  May 7: "My Band" - D12  May 10: "My Band" - D12  May 11: "My Band" - D12  May 17: "My Band" - D12  May 18: "Burn" - Usher  May 19: "Burn" - Usher  May 20: "Burn" - Usher  May 21: "Burn" - Usher  May 24: "My Band" - D12  May 25: "Burn" - Usher  May 26: "Burn" - Usher  May 27: "My Band" - D12  May 28: "My Band" - D12  May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: "Hot In Herre" - Nelly  June 1: "Burn" - Usher  June 2: "Burn" - Usher  June 3: "All Downhill From Here" - New Found Glory  June 4: "My Band" - D12  June 7: "My Band" - D12  June 8: "Burn" - Usher  June 9: "All Downhill From Here" - New Found Glory  June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: "Forgot About Dre" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem  June 11: "Burn" - Usher  June 14: "Burn" - Usher  June 15: "How Come" - D12  June 16: "How Come" - D12  June 17: "How Come" - D12  June 18: "How Come" - D12  June 21: "How Come" - D12  June 22: "How Come" - D12  June 23: "Leave (Get Out)" - JoJo  June 24: "How Come" - D12  June 25: "How Come" - D12  June 28: "Leave ( Get Out )" - JoJo  June 29: "How Come" - D12  June 30: "Confessions Pt.
Autism rights movement
The autism rights movement (ARM), also known as the autistic culture movement, is a social movement within the neurodiversity and disability rights movements that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a disorder to be cured. The ARM advocates a variety of goals including a greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that teach autistic individuals coping skills rather than therapies focused on imitating behaviors of neurotypical peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a minority group.
1_Apprentice
A little bit.  What can you tell me about the 'spectrum'?
0_Wizard
Well, children display atypical brain development usually before the age of three.
Autism involves atypical brain development which often becomes apparent in behavior and social development before a child is three years old.
self_Prenatal_memory_5
Causes of autism
self_4_Causes_of_autism
Educational neuroscience
Educational neuroscience (or neuroeducation, a component of Mind Brain and Education) is an emerging scientific field that brings together researchers in cognitive neuroscience, developmental cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, educational technology, education theory and other related disciplines to explore the interactions between biological processes and education. Researchers in educational neuroscience investigate the neural mechanisms of reading, numerical cognition, attention and their attendant difficulties including dyslexia, dyscalculia and ADHD as they relate to education.
Causes of autism
Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism and the other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is incomplete. Research indicates that genetic factors predominate. The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are responsible. In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Many other causes have been proposed, such as childhood immunizations, but numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting any link between vaccinations and autism. Autism involves atypical brain development which often becomes apparent in behavior and social development before a child is three years old.
Child development
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication. Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy. Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.
Prenatal memory
Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans. Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions. There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it. Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus. Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems.
Pachygyria
Pachygyria (from the Greek "pachy" meaning "thick" or "fat" gyri) is a congenital malformation of the cerebral hemisphere. It results in unusually thick convolutions of the cerebral cortex. Typically, children have developmental delay and seizures, the onset and severity depending on the severity of the cortical malformation. Infantile spasms are common in affected children, as is intractable epilepsy. The term 'pachygyria' does not directly relate to a specific malformation but rather is used to generally describe physical characteristics of the brain in association with several neuronal migration disorders; most commonly disorders relating to varied degrees of lissencephaly.
Nutritional neuroscience
Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition. Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle. Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.
1_Apprentice
Wow!  Does it develop as a result of injury or illness?
0_Wizard
Scientists still aren't sure.  It's likely genetic, but no one knows what genes are responsible.
The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are responsible.
self_Genetics_2
Causes of autism
self_1_Causes_of_autism
Genetically modified food controversies
Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production. The disputes involve consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of such crops for farmers, and the role of the crops in feeding the world population.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. The father of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a late 19th-century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.
Race and intelligence
The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century. While tests have broadly shown differences in average scores based on self-identified race or ethnicity, there is considerable debate as to whether and to what extent those differences reflect environmental factors as opposed to genetic ones, as well as to the definitions of what "race" and "intelligence" are, and whether they can be objectively defined at all. Currently, there is no non-circumstantial evidence that these differences in test scores have a genetic component, although some researchers believe that the existing circumstantial evidence makes it at least plausible that hard evidence for a genetic component will eventually be found.
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules. Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological "tree of life" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils.
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (, also ), more rarely known as Neandertals, were archaic humans that became extinct about 40,000 years ago. They seem to have appeared in Europe and later expanded into Southwest, Central and Northern Asia. There, they left hundreds of stone tool assemblages. Almost all of those younger than 160,000 years are of the so-called Mousterian techno-complex, which is characterised by tools made out of stone flakes. Neanderthals are considered either a distinct species, "Homo neanderthalensis", or more rarely a subspecies of "Homo sapiens" ("H. s. neanderthalensis"). Modern humans and Neanderthals share 99.7% of their DNA and are hence much more closely related than to their closest non-human relative, the chimpanzee (98.8%).
Thrifty gene hypothesis
The thrifty gene hypothesis, or Gianfranco's hypothesis is an attempt by geneticist James V. Neel to explain why certain populations and subpopulations in the modern day are prone to diabetes mellitus type 2. He proposed the hypothesis in 1962 to resolve a fundamental problem: diabetes is clearly a very harmful medical condition, yet it is quite common, and it was already evident to Neel that it likely had a strong genetic basis. The problem is to understand how disease with a likely genetic component and with such negative effects may have been favoured by the process of natural selection. Neel suggested the resolution to this problem is that genes which predispose to diabetes (called 'thrifty genes') were historically advantageous, but they became detrimental in the modern world.
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in organisms' DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years.
1_Apprentice
Does parental age affect the likelihood of it occurring?
0_Wizard
I'm not sure.  But early intervention in speech and behavior can help kids with autism better learn basic skills.
Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.
chosen_Autism_0
Autism therapies
Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals. Treatment is typically catered to person's needs. Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management. Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD. Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy. Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.
Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication. Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy. Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.
Child development
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
Professional practice of behavior analysis
The professional practice of behavior analysis is one domain of behavior analysis: the others being radical behaviorism, experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis. The professional practice of behavior analysis is the delivery of interventions to consumers that are guided by the principles of behaviorism and the research of both the experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis. Professional practice seeks maximum precision to change behavior most effectively in specific instances. Behavior analysts are mental health professionals and, in some states, may hold a license, certificate or registration as a behavior analyst.
Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ score under 70 in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. Once focused almost entirely on cognition, the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to individuals' functional skills in their environments. As a result of this focus on the person's abilities in practice, a person with an unusually low IQ may not be considered to have intellectually disability.
Global perceptions of autism
This article discusses diagnosis, treatment, and experiences of autism globally. Although the diagnosis of autisms is rising in post-industrial nations, diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations. Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures. However, many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries. Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy.
Autism spectrum
Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age. The cause of autism spectrum is unclear. Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis is based on symptoms.
1_Apprentice
Can these kids go to college?