0_Wizard
Broccoli belongs to the cabbage family. I do not like either.
Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable.
chosen_Broccoli_0
Broccoli
chosen_topic_0_Broccoli
Cabbage
Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage, "B. oleracea" var. "oleracea", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. "botrytis"), Brussels sprouts (var. "gemmifera") and savoy cabbage (var. "sabauda") which are sometimes called cole crops. Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white. Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.
Broccoli
Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable. The word "broccoli" comes from the Italian plural of "", which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage", and is the diminutive form of "brocco", meaning "small nail" or "sprout". Broccoli is often boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw. Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species "Brassica oleracea". Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves.
Napa cabbage
Napa or nappa cabbage ("Brassica rapa" subsp. "pekinensis" or "Brassica rapa" Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. Since the 20th century, it is also a widespread crop in Europe, America and Australia. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage". In Australia it is referred to as 'wombok'. The name "napa" comes from colloquial and regional Japanese, where refers to the leaves of any vegetable, especially when used as food. The Japanese name for this specific variety of cabbage is —literally "white vegetable"—a Sino-Japanese reading of the Chinese name.
Cabbage looper
The cabbage looper ("Trichoplusia ni") is a moth in the family Noctuidae, a family commonly referred to as owlet moths. Its common name comes from its preferred host plants and distinctive crawling behavior. Cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, bok choy, and broccoli, are its main host plant; hence, the reference to cabbage in its common name. The larvae is called a looper because it arches its back into a loop when it crawls. While crucifers are preferred, over 160 plants can serve as hosts for the cabbage looper larvae. In addition, the adult cabbage looper is a migratory moth that can be found across North America and Eurasia, as far south as Florida and as far north as British Columbia.
Clubroot
Clubroot is a common disease of cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, radishes, turnips, stocks, wallflowers and other plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). It is caused by "Plasmodiophora brassicae", which was once considered a slime mold but is now put in the group Phytomyxea. It is the first Phytomyxea for which the genome has been sequenced. It has as many as thirteen races. Gall formation or distortion takes place on latent roots and gives the shape of a club or spindle. In the cabbage such attacks on the roots cause undeveloped heads or a failure to head at all, followed often by decline in vigor or by death.
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4060 accepted species.
James Bond in film
The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, "007", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios. With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series. Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig.
1_Apprentice
I never knew that! Do you like any other members of the cabbage family? I quite like broccoli.
0_Wizard
I do not. Broccoli comes from an Italian word meaning "the flowering crest of a cabbage."
The word "broccoli" comes from the Italian plural of "", which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage", and is the diminutive form of "brocco", meaning "small nail" or "sprout".
chosen_Broccoli_0
Broccoli
chosen_topic_0_Broccoli
Broccoli
Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable. The word "broccoli" comes from the Italian plural of "", which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage", and is the diminutive form of "brocco", meaning "small nail" or "sprout". Broccoli is often boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw. Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species "Brassica oleracea". Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves.
Cabbage
Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage, "B. oleracea" var. "oleracea", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. "botrytis"), Brussels sprouts (var. "gemmifera") and savoy cabbage (var. "sabauda") which are sometimes called cole crops. Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white. Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.
Cabbage looper
The cabbage looper ("Trichoplusia ni") is a moth in the family Noctuidae, a family commonly referred to as owlet moths. Its common name comes from its preferred host plants and distinctive crawling behavior. Cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, bok choy, and broccoli, are its main host plant; hence, the reference to cabbage in its common name. The larvae is called a looper because it arches its back into a loop when it crawls. While crucifers are preferred, over 160 plants can serve as hosts for the cabbage looper larvae. In addition, the adult cabbage looper is a migratory moth that can be found across North America and Eurasia, as far south as Florida and as far north as British Columbia.
Napa cabbage
Napa or nappa cabbage ("Brassica rapa" subsp. "pekinensis" or "Brassica rapa" Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. Since the 20th century, it is also a widespread crop in Europe, America and Australia. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage". In Australia it is referred to as 'wombok'. The name "napa" comes from colloquial and regional Japanese, where refers to the leaves of any vegetable, especially when used as food. The Japanese name for this specific variety of cabbage is —literally "white vegetable"—a Sino-Japanese reading of the Chinese name.
James Bond in film
The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, "007", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios. With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series. Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig.
Cordyline australis
Cordyline australis, commonly known as the cabbage tree, cabbage-palm or , is a widely branched monocot tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to tall with a stout trunk and sword-like leaves, which are clustered at the tips of the branches and can be up to long. With its tall, straight trunk and dense, rounded heads, "C. australis" is a characteristic feature of the New Zealand landscape. Its fruit is a favourite food source for the New Zealand pigeon and other native birds. It is common over a wide latitudinal range from the far north of the North Island at 34° 25'S to the south of the South Island at 46° 30'S.
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4060 accepted species.
1_Apprentice
Interesting! Does Broccoli hail from Italy? Or is it grown worldwide?
0_Wizard
It is the result of breeding of cultivated Brassica crops int the Mediterranean in the 6th century.
Broccoli is a result of careful breeding of cultivated "Brassica" crops in the northern Mediterranean starting in about the 6th century BC.
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Broccoli
chosen_topic_0_Broccoli
Napa cabbage
Napa or nappa cabbage ("Brassica rapa" subsp. "pekinensis" or "Brassica rapa" Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. Since the 20th century, it is also a widespread crop in Europe, America and Australia. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage". In Australia it is referred to as 'wombok'. The name "napa" comes from colloquial and regional Japanese, where refers to the leaves of any vegetable, especially when used as food. The Japanese name for this specific variety of cabbage is —literally "white vegetable"—a Sino-Japanese reading of the Chinese name.
Cabbage
Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage, "B. oleracea" var. "oleracea", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. "botrytis"), Brussels sprouts (var. "gemmifera") and savoy cabbage (var. "sabauda") which are sometimes called cole crops. Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white. Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.
Brassica
Brassica () is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called "cole crops"derived from the Latin "caulis", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant. The genus "Brassica" is known for its important agricultural and horticultural crops and includes a number of weeds, both of wild taxa and escapees from cultivation. "Brassica" species and varieties commonly used for food include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, choy sum, rutabaga, turnip and some seeds used in the production of canola oil and the condiment mustard.
Broccoli
Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable. The word "broccoli" comes from the Italian plural of "", which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage", and is the diminutive form of "brocco", meaning "small nail" or "sprout". Broccoli is often boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw. Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species "Brassica oleracea". Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves.
Poland in the Early Middle Ages
The most important phenomenon that took place within the lands of Poland in the Early Middle Ages, as well as other parts of central and eastern Europe, was the arrival and permanent settlement of Slavic peoples. The Slavic migrations in the area of contemporary Poland started in the second half of the 5th century AD, about a half century after these territories were vacated by Germanic tribes. The first waves of the incoming Slavs settled the vicinity of the upper Vistula River and elsewhere in the lands of present southeastern Poland and southern Masovia. Coming from the east, from the upper and middle regions of the Dnieper River, the immigrants would have had come primarily from the western branch of the early Slavs known as Sclaveni, and since their arrival are classified as West Slavs.
History of the world
The history of the world is the history of humanity (or human history), as determined from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, linguistics, and other disciplines; and, for periods since the invention of writing, from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies. Humanity's written history was preceded by its prehistory, beginning with the Palaeolithic Era ("Early Stone Age"), followed by the Neolithic Era ("New Stone Age"). The Neolithic saw the Agricultural Revolution begin, between 8000 and 5000 BCE, in the Near East's Fertile Crescent. The Agricultural Revolution marked a fundamental change in history, with humans beginning the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.
Prehistoric Iberia
The prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula begins with the arrival of the first hominins 1.2 million years ago and ends with the Punic Wars, when the territory enters the domains of written history. In this long period, some of its most significant landmarks were to host the last stand of the Neanderthal people, to develop some of the most impressive Paleolithic art, alongside southern France, to be the seat of the earliest civilizations of Western Europe and finally to become a most desired colonial objective due to its strategic position and its many mineral riches. Hominin inhabitation of the Iberian Peninsula dates from the Paleolithic.
1_Apprentice
That far back huh! Is it a popular dish in Europe?
0_Wizard
Yes it is very valuable among Italians and was brought to England in the mid-18th century.
Broccoli was brought to England from Antwerp in the mid-18th century by Peter Scheemakers.
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Broccoli
chosen_topic_0_Broccoli
Italian Australians
Italian Australians comprise the fourth largest ethnic group in Australia, consisting of migrants from Italy as well as their descendants born in Australia of Italian heritage. The 2006 census counted 199,124 people who were born in Italy. In 2011, 916,100 persons identified themselves as having Italian ancestry, either alone or in combination with another ancestry (4.6%). Italian is the fifth most identified ancestry in Australia behind 'Australian', 'English', 'Irish' and 'Scottish' and just ahead of 'German' (according to the ABS 2011 Census). Italian is the second most used language at home, with 316,900 speakers (or 1.6% of the Australian population).
Zakynthos
Zakynthos (, "Zákynthos" , ) or Zante (, "Tzánte" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands. Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality. It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin. In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus. Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.
Italian nationalism
Italian nationalism builds upon the idea that Italians are the ethnic, cultural, and linguistic successors of the ancient Romans who inhabited the Italian Peninsula for over a millennium. The origins of Italian nationalism have been traced to the Renaissance. Italian nationalism first arose as a potent political force in the 1830s in the Italian peninsula under the leadership of Giuseppe Mazzini. It served as a cause for "Risorgimento" in the 1860s to 1870s. Italian nationalism became strong again in World War I with Italian irredentist claims to territories held by Austria-Hungary, and during the era of Italian Fascism.
Italian literature
Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy. It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian. An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century. In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian. Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his "Divine Comedy". Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry.
History of Western civilization
Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean. It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy. The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.
White Brazilians
White Brazilians ( ) refers to Brazilian citizens of European or Levantine descent. According to the 2010 Census, they totaled 91,051,646 people, and made up 47.73% of the Brazilian population. The main ancestry of white Brazilians is Portuguese, followed by Italian, Spanish, German, and other German-speaking nationalities (Austrian, Swiss, Luxembourger and Volga German) Slavic (Polish, Ukrainian, Russian etc), Levantine, Dutch, French and Baltic. The white Brazilian population is spread throughout the national territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 79.8% of the population has European or Caucasian phenotype, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.
Italy
Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state. Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.