0_Wizard
I am colorblind :( I have trouble seeing red and green.
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.
chosen_Color_blindness_0
Color blindness
chosen_topic_0_Color_blindness
Knowledge argument
The knowledge argument (also known as Mary's room or Mary the super-scientist) is a philosophical thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson in his article "Epiphenomenal Qualia" (1982) and extended in "What Mary Didn't Know" (1986). The experiment is intended to argue against physicalism—the view that the universe, including all that is mental, is entirely physical. The debate that emerged following its publication became the subject of an edited volume—"There's Something About Mary" (2004)—which includes replies from such philosophers as Daniel Dennett, David Lewis, and Paul Churchland. Mary's Room is a thought experiment that attempts to establish that there are non-physical properties and attainable knowledge that can be discovered only through conscious experience.
Korean Progressive Network Center
Korean Progressive Network Center (), also known as Jinbonet () is a nine-year-old organization in Seoul, South Korea. Jinbonet is a network that provides ICT services (web hosting, mailing list, webmail) to that country's progressive movement, civil society and workers unions. The Korean Confederation of Trade Unions has been one of the biggest group they have been hosting to. In a country which has one of the best internet infrastructures—technically speaking—in the world, concern over the rights of the citizen in cyberspace are strong, and Jinbonet helps focus on some of these issues. Kim Jeong-woo, a.k.a.
Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult. Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example. Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt. People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments. The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.
Qualia
In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia ( or ; singular form: quale) are claimed to be individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term "qualia" derives from the Latin neuter plural form ("qualia") of the Latin adjective "quālis" () meaning "of what sort" or "of what kind" in a specific instance like "what is it like to taste a specific orange, this particular orange now". Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, as well as the redness of an evening sky. As qualitative characters of sensation, qualia stand in contrast to "propositional attitudes", where the focus is on beliefs about experience rather than what is it directly like to be experiencing.
Colorblind (Counting Crows song)
"Colorblind " is a song by American rock band Counting Crows. Written by band members Adam Duritz and Charlie Gillingham for their third album "This Desert Life" (1999), production was helmed by Dennis Herring and David Lowery. It was prominently featured in the 1999 drama film "Cruel Intentions" starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, Reese Witherspoon, and Selma Blair, and has since been covered by various artists, including Between the Buried and Me, Leona Lewis (for ""), and Natalie Walker. A choral cover recorded by Scalia & Kolacny Brothers was also featured in the TV series "Manhattan" (Season 2, Episode 5, ""The World Of Tomorrow"").
Colorblind James Experience
Colorblind James Experience were an alternative roots/pop/rock band founded in 1980 in San Francisco, California. Bandleader and singer/songwriter/guitarist "Colorblind" James Charles Cuminale was originally from Rochester, New York but assembled early versions of what would become the Experience in Oswego, New York before relocating to San Francisco. After a couple years of mixed results there, the band regrouped and moved again, this time back to Rochester which remained its home base until Cuminale's premature death in 2001. The band enjoyed brief fame in the UK and Europe after BBC DJ John Peel gave the Experience some exposure, and their music has made a deep and lasting impression.
Aztez
Aztez is an side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy video game by Team Colorblind. The player fights through areas within the Aztec empire prior to the Spanish invasion. Team Colorblind, a two-person indie game development team, designed "Aztez" to play like an arcade game with the action of "God of War" or "Devil May Cry". "Aztez" was released on August 1, 2017. "Aztez" is a side-scrolling brawler, turn-based strategy game. Set 20 years prior to the Spanish invasion, the player fights in areas based on places in the Aztec empire. Player weapons include a sword, spear, knife, and club. The game uses a grayscale and blood red color palette similar to that of 2010 action game "MadWorld".
1_Apprentice
What caused your color blindness?
0_Wizard
I was actually born like this, which is strange because it's less common in females than males. 
Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.
chosen_Color_blindness_0
Color blindness
chosen_topic_0_Color_blindness
Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities. In the past, it was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa. It was formally declared legal in the United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case "Loving v. Virginia" that race-based restrictions on the set of individuals whom an individual is eligible to marry violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. In English, an "interracial marriage" refers to the institution of marriage, including childless marriages.
Miscegenation
Miscegenation (; from the Latin "miscere" "to mix" + "genus" "kind") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation. Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as "interracial", "interethnic", or "cross-cultural" are more common in contemporary usage. The term "miscegenation" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture. Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.
Born Like This
Born Like This is a studio album by British-American rapper/producer MF Doom. It was released under the pseudonym "Doom" on March 24, 2009 through Lex Records. It debuted at number 52 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, having sold 10,895 copies as of March 29, 2009. In addition to tracks produced by Doom, the album includes production by frequent collaborator Madlib, as well as J Dilla. The album title is borrowed from Charles Bukowski's poem "Dinosauria, We," which employs it as a cadence. A reading of the poem by Bukowski himself is in the beginning part of the track "Cellz." At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, "Born Like This" received an average score of 77% based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Infanticide (zoology)
In animals, infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species, and is studied in zoology, specifically in the field of ethology. Ovicide is the analogous destruction of eggs. The practice has been observed in many species throughout the animal kingdom, especially primates (primate infanticide). These include microscopic rotifers, insects, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. Infanticide can be practiced by both males and females. Infanticide caused by sexual conflict has the general theme of the killer (often male) becoming the new sexual partner of the victim's parent, which would otherwise be unavailable.
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs. The condition occurs in many animals and some plants. Differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, color, markings, and may also include behavioral differences. These differences may be subtle or exaggerated, and may be subjected to sexual selection. The opposite of dimorphism is "monomorphism". Common and easily identified types of dimorphism are ornamentation and coloration, though not always apparent. A difference in coloration of sexes within a given species is called sexual dichromatism, which is commonly seen in many species of birds and reptiles.
Pinniped
Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the walrus), Otariidae (the eared seals: sea lions and fur seals), and Phocidae (the earless seals, or true seals). There are 33 extant species of pinnipeds, and more than 50 extinct species have been described from fossils. While seals were historically thought to have descended from two ancestral lines, molecular evidence supports them as a monophyletic lineage (descended from one ancestral line).
Brown bear
The brown bear ("Ursus arctos") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America. It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear ("Ursus maritimus"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average. The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus. The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.
1_Apprentice
ok when was colorblinded first recorded as a problem in history?
0_Wizard
I'm actually not sure, but they use what's called an Ishihara color test in order to diagnose colorblindness. I presume most people don't know they are colorblind until much later. Perhaps it was a guy named Ishihara that discovered it?
Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.
chosen_Color_blindness_0
Color blindness
chosen_topic_0_Color_blindness
Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult. Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example. Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt. People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments. The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.
Shinobu Ishihara
Shinobu Ishihara (石原 忍, "Ishihara Shinobu", Tokyo, September 25, 1879 - Izu Peninsula, January 3, 1963) was a Japanese ophthalmologist who created the Ishihara color test to detect colour blindness. He was an army surgeon. Ishihara graduated from medicine in 1905 on a military scholarship and immediately joined the Imperial Japanese Army as a doctor, serving mainly as a surgeon. He later changed specialties to ophthalmology. In 1908 he returned to the University of Tokyo where he dedicated himself to ophthalmic research. In 1910 he became an instructor at the Army Medical College. There, in addition to seeing patients, he conducted research on "battlefield ophthalmology" and how to select superior soldiers.
Shintaro Ishihara
His arts career included a prize-winning novel, best-sellers and work also in theater, film and journalism. His 1989 book, "The Japan That Can Say No", co-authored with Sony chairman Akio Morita (1991 in English), called on the authors' countrymen to stand up to the United States. After an early career as a writer and film director, he served in the House of Councillors from 1968 to 1972, in the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1995, and as Governor of Tokyo from 1999 to 2012. He resigned from the governorship to briefly co-lead the Sunrise Party, then joined the Japan Restoration Party and returned to the House of Representatives in the 2012 general election.
Ishihara test
The Ishihara test is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies, the first in a class of successful color vision tests called pseudo-isochromatic plates ("PIP"). It was named after its designer, Dr. Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917. The test consists of a number of colored plates, called Ishihara plates, each of which contains a circle of dots appearing randomized in color and size. Within the pattern are dots which form a number or shape clearly visible to those with normal color vision, and invisible, or difficult to see, to those with a red-green color vision defect.
Toshio Masuda (director)
Toshio Masuda was born in Kobe, Japan. His father was a seaman. He enrolled in a technical training school, however, his mindset did not mesh with the school's military indoctrination and he was expelled in July 1945. He next attended the Osaka University of Foreign Studies (now Osaka University) where he specialized in Russian literature. There he became enamoured with French cinema which led him away from Russian grammar and towards a career in the film industry. He thought he would have been bored as a salaryman and that filmmaking would better suit him but suggested he probably would not have followed through had his friends not sought similar careers.
Phantom contour
A phantom contour is a type of illusory contour. Most illusory contours are seen in still images, such as the and the . A phantom contour, however, is perceived in the presence of moving or flickering images with contrast reversal. The rapid, continuous alternation between opposing, but correlated, adjacent images creates the perception of a contour that is not physically present in the still images. One example of this illusion involves stimuli consisting of two similar frames, with uniform grey backgrounds: in one frame, the top half contains white dots and the bottom half contains black dots.
Teruto Ishihara
Teruto Ishihara (born July 23, 1991) is a Japanese professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Ishihara began his professional MMA career in 2011, debuting in the Shooto promotion. Over the next four-and-a-half years he amassed a record of 7-2-1. In June 2015, Ishihara was announced as one of the eight featherweights competing on "Road to UFC: Japan", a show in the style of "The Ultimate Fighter". Ishihara faced Tatsuya Ando in the quarterfinals and won by majority decision. He then faced Akiyo Nishiura in the semifinals and again won by decision.
1_Apprentice
Are there anything food or factors that lead to colorblindedness?
0_Wizard
There are ways to become colorblind other than being born this way, for instance, physical or chemical damage to the eyes or optic nerves can lead to colorblindness.
Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.
chosen_Color_blindness_0
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord). 10 of 12 of the cranial nerves originate in the brainstem. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck. Spinal nerves emerge sequentially from the spinal cord with the spinal nerve closest to the head (C1) emerging in the space above the first cervical vertebra. The cranial nerves, however, emerge from the central nervous system above this level. Each cranial nerve is paired and is present on both sides.
Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult. Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example. Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt. People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments. The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.
Human brain
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter.
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment of the optic nerve(s). This condition is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly. The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1.2 million nerve fibers in the average person. In those diagnosed with ONH, however, there are noticeably fewer nerves.
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a medical condition characterized by damage to the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve due to inadequate blood flow (ischemia) to the optic nerve. Despite the term "posterior", this form of damage to the eye's optic nerve due to poor blood flow also includes cases where the cause of inadequate blood flow to the nerve is anterior, as the condition describes a particular mechanism of visual loss as much as the location of damage in the optic nerve. In contrast, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is distinguished from PION by the fact that AION occurs spontaneously and on one side in affected individuals with predisposing anatomic or cardiovascular risk factors.
Eye development
Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. Cells from both the mesodermal and the ectodermal tissues contribute to the formation of the eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest and mesoderm. Neuroepithelium forms the retina, ciliary body, iris, and optic nerves. Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the corneal endothelium and stroma, blood vessels, muscles, and vitreous.
1_Apprentice
Which country has the highest number of color blind people?
0_Wizard
Hmmm I'm not sure if there's a specific country with a higher rate over others, but males tend to run into colorblind issues more than females. This is because females have 2 X chromosomes, and the defect is found in the X chromosomes, but since there's 2, one usually compensates for the other.
As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.
chosen_Color_blindness_0
Dosage compensation
Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes. In order to account for varying numbers of sex chromosomes, different organisms have acquired unique methods to equalize gene expression amongst the sexes. Because sex chromosomes contain different numbers of genes, different species of organisms have developed different mechanisms to cope with this inequality. Replicating the actual "gene" is impossible; thus organisms instead equalize the "expression" from each gene.
X-inactivation
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by its being packaged in such a way that it has a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all female mammals have two X chromosomes, X-inactivation prevents them from having twice as many X chromosome gene products as males, who only possess a single copy of the X chromosome (see dosage compensation). The choice of which X chromosome will be inactivated is random in placental mammals such as humans, but once an X chromosome is inactivated it will remain inactive throughout the lifetime of the cell and its descendants in the organism.
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome.
XXXY syndrome
XXXY syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by a sex chromosome aneuploidy, where males have two extra X chromosomes. Males typically have only two sex chromosomes, an X and a Y. The presence of one Y chromosome with a functioning SRY gene causes the expression of genes that determine maleness. Because of this, XXXY syndrome only affects males. The additional two X chromosomes in males with XXXY syndrome causes them to have 48 chromosomes, instead of the typical 46. So, XXXY syndrome is often referred to as 48, XXXY. There are a wide variety of symptoms associated with this syndrome, including cognitive and behavioral problems, Taurodontism, and infertility.
Sex differences in human physiology
Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans. These can be of several types, including direct and indirect. Direct being the direct result of differences prescribed by the Y-chromosome, and indirect being a characteristic influenced indirectly (e.g. hormonally) by the Y-chromosome. Sexual dimorphism is a term for the phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Direct sex differences follow a bimodal distribution. Through the process of meiosis and fertilization (with rare exceptions), each individual is created with zero or one Y-chromosome.
Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult. Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example. Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt. People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments. The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.
Skewed X-inactivation
Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have a skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10.