0_Wizard
I love cycling, the Tour de France is my favorite event. 
The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.
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Tour de France
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Alexander Vinokourov
Alexander Nikolayevich Vinokourov (; born 16 September 1973) is a Kazakh former professional road bicycle racer and current general manager of UCI ProTeam . As a competitor, his achievements include two bronze medals at the World Championships, four stage wins in the Tour de France, four in the Vuelta a España plus the overall title in 2006, two Liège–Bastogne–Liège monuments, one Amstel Gold Race, and most recently, the gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics Men's Road Race. Vinokourov is a past national champion of Kazakhstan, and a dual-medalist at the Summer Olympics. Vinokourov began cycling in 1984 as an 11-year-old, competing within the former Soviet Union.
Tour de France
The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks. The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper "L'Auto"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.
Bradley Wiggins
Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016. Nicknamed "Wiggo", he began his cycling career on the track, but has made the transition to road cycling and is one of the few cyclists to gain significant elite level success in both those forms of professional cycling. He is the only rider to have combined winning both World and Olympic championships on both the track and the road, as well as winning the Tour de France, and holding the iconic track hour record. In addition, he has worn the leader's jersey in each of the three Grand Tours of cycling and as of 2016 holds the world record in team pursuit.
Greg LeMond
Gregory James "Greg" LeMond (born June 26, 1961) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Road Race World Championship twice (1983 and 1989) and the Tour de France three times (1986, 1989 and 1990). He is also an entrepreneur and anti-doping advocate. LeMond was born in Lakewood, California, and raised in ranch country on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, near Reno. He is married and has three children with his wife Kathy, with whom he supports a variety of charitable causes and organizations. In 1986, LeMond became the first non-European professional cyclist to win the Tour de France, and he remains the only American cyclist to have won the Tour.
Fabian Cancellara
Fabian Cancellara (born 18 March 1981), nicknamed "Spartacus", is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI ProTeam . He was born in Wohlen bei Bern, Switzerland. Cancellara began road cycling after falling in love with an old bike at the age of thirteen. After that, he began to take the sport more seriously and won two consecutive World Junior Time Trial Championships in 1998 and 1999. At age nineteen he turned professional and signed with the team, where he rode as a "stagiaire". He is known for being a quality time trialist, a one-day classics specialist, and a workhorse for his teammates that have general classification aspirations.
Team Sky
Team Sky () is a British professional cycling team that competes in the UCI World Tour. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium and an operational base in Quarrata, Italy. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director Sir Dave Brailsford. Team Sky launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved within just three years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France, thereby achieving Team Sky's primary aim twice over within the original five-year time period.
Lance Armstrong
Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. Armstrong is the 1993 professional world champion, and won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005. However, in 2012, he was banned from sanctioned Olympic sports for life as a result of long-term doping offenses. As part of those sanctions, all results going back to August 1998, including his seven Tour wins, were voided. At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990.
1_Apprentice
I remember Lance Armstrong winning a bunch of those, but wasn't he a cheater?
0_Wizard
Effectively, he was stripped of his seven wins, but it is a very tough event,
As part of those sanctions, all results going back to August 1998, including his seven Tour wins, were voided.
self_Lance_Armstrong_3
Lance Armstrong
self_6_Lance_Armstrong
Chaos (professional wrestling)
Chaos is a professional wrestling stable, primarily performing in the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. The group was formed in 2009, when members of the Great Bash Heel stable turned on their leader Togi Makabe and reformed under new leader Shinsuke Nakamura. Soon later all the members of GBH, with the exception of Honma, turned their backs on Makabe, joining Nakamura and Yano. Soon after, the new group was named Chaos, with Nakamura as the leader and the common goal of resurrecting the Strong Style, which Nakamura felt was abandoned after the departures of bearers Antonio Inoki and Shinya Hashimoto.
Rallying
Rallying is a form of motorsport that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars. It is distinguished by running not on a circuit, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants and their co-drivers drive between set control points (special stages), leaving at regular intervals from one or more start points. Rallies may be won by pure speed within the stages or alternatively by driving to a predetermined ideal journey time within the stages. The term "rally", as a branch of motorsport, probably dates from the first Monte Carlo Rally of January 1911.
History of the Portugal national football team
The history of the Portugal national football team dates back to its first match on 18 December 1921. The Portuguese Football Federation was formed in 1914 with the name União Portuguesa de Futebol, but due to World War I, the team didn't play its first international match until 1921. The Portugal national football team has played in the FIFA World Cup, where their best finish was third, the Euros, which they've won, and other tournaments throughout its history. The Portuguese Football Federation was formed in 1914 with the name União Portuguesa de Futebol (by 1926, they changed to its current name) and the aim of creating national tournaments (since it only existed regional championships) and promoting games in which a Portuguese representative team would play against other teams from various parts of the globe, but unfortunately, due to the World War I, the dream was not made possible for the next seven years.
2016 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps
The 2016 WEC 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, formally the WEC 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps, was an endurance sports car racing event held at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium on 5–7 May 2016. Spa-Francorchamps served as the second race of the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship, and was the fifth running of the event as part of the championship. 56,000 people attended the race. The No. 1 Porsche of Timo Bernhard, Mark Webber and Brendon Hartley started from pole position and held the race's overall lead until the No. 5 Toyota TS050 Hybrid of Sébastien Buemi, Anthony Davidson and Kazuki Nakajima gained it after the first pit stop phase after electing not to change tyres.
Tough Mudder
Tough Mudder is an endurance event series in which participants attempt 10–12 mile-long (16–19 km) obstacle courses that test mental as well as physical strength. It was co-founded by Will Dean, a former British counter terrorism officer, and Guy Livingstone, a former corporate lawyer. The obstacles often play on common human fears, such as fire, water, electricity and heights. The main principle of the Tough Mudder revolves around teamwork. The Tough Mudder organization values camaraderie throughout the course, designing obstacles that encourage group participation. Participants must commit to helping others complete the course, putting teammates before themselves, and overcoming fears.
West Alabama Tigers
The University of West Alabama currently features 18 sports teams. Men's and women's outdoor track were added in Spring 2013. Men's and women's golf will start fall of 2013. Both the male and female athletic teams are called the West Alabama Tigers. 16 teams participate in the NCAA's Division II as a member of the Gulf South Conference. Men's and women's rodeo compete in the Ozark Region of the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association. Athletics facilities on the campus include 7,000-seat Tiger Stadium, James P. Homer ye s, Pruitt Hall, Tartt Field, UWA Softball Complex, Dora Dahlberg Beard Indoor Practice Facility, Howard R. Vaughan Tennis Complex, Don C. Hines Rodeo Complex, and UWA Cross Country Facility.
Hiroshi Tanahashi
Through NJPW's working agreements with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Pro Wrestling Noah, Tanahashi has also held the CMLL World Tag Team Championship, the CMLL World Trios Championship, the CMLL Universal Championship and the GHC Tag Team Championship. Tanahashi holds the record for most reigns as the IWGP Heavyweight Champion, while his fifth reign holds the record for most successful defenses, with eleven. He has also won NJPW's premier tournament, the G1 Climax, on two occasions (2007 and 2015). When Tanahashi was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Hall of Fame in 2013, Dave Meltzer stated that "you could make a strong case for him as the best in-ring performer in the business today", adding that he was "the leading star in New Japan Pro Wrestling's comeback from being in terrible shape a few years back to being the No.
1_Apprentice
Yes, I have heard that.  How many days does the race last?
0_Wizard
Almost a month, and in the July heat, so it is very demanding. 
Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.
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Tour de France
chosen_topic_0_Tour_de_France
2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves
The 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves included severe heat waves that impacted most of the United States, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Hong Kong, North Africa and the European continent as a whole, along with parts of Canada, Russia, Indochina, South Korea and Japan during May, June, July, and August 2010. The first phase of the global heatwaves was caused by a moderate El Niño event, which lasted from June 2009 to May 2010. The first phase lasted only from April 2010 to June 2010, and caused only moderate above average temperatures in the areas affected. But it also set new record high temperatures for most of the area affected, in the Northern Hemisphere.
Global storm activity of 2010
The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events. The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31. Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.
2014 Swedish heat wave
The summer of 2014 in Sweden was unusually warm, especially in the northern parts of the country. The notability of this event was characterised as July being the warmest ever month on record in the north-west. Although temperature records set that summer are somewhat moderate by international standards, Sweden's northerly latitude and marine influence has to be taken into account, rendering the temperatures recorded more extreme. The July heat wave started after a week, when Härsnäs in Östergötland County recorded after hot continental air came into the south of the country. The southerly coastal areas recorded particularly warm nights, with Karlskrona recording a night minimum of on 9 July.
Ouanani (band)
OUANANI is a world music group formed in 2004 in Montréal by Sadio "Djali Sadio" Sissokho from Dakar, Senegal and Jean "Jean Jean" Girard-Arsenault from Alma, Québec, Canada. They play as a duo or with musicians from all over the world. They sing in many languages : French, Wolof, Khassonke, Spanish and English. With organic-electronic sounds and a self-deprecating sense of humour, OUANANI fuses Québec with Africa, Caribbean and Latin America. OUANANI tangles a wide variety of themes such as immigration, racism, love, seduction and surrealism. Some of their accreditations include the following :  "Vote etnik" produced by Jean Arsenault, Ouanani 2007 in Montreal, Canada  "La Chikunguña" (Ivan Duran mix, Stonetree Records, 2017) – 3:31 – Words & music : Jean Arsenault.
USS Constitution
USS "Constitution" is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy, named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America. She is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still afloat. "Constitution" was launched in 1797, one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so "Constitution" and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. She was built in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts at Edmund Hartt's shipyard.
History of the Miami Heat
The Miami Heat is an American professional basketball team based in Miami. The team was launched in 1988 and played in the 1988–89 season of the National Basketball Association. The next season they moved from the Western Conference to the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. After a mainly mediocre performance in the first few seasons, there were extensive team changes in 1995 and 1996 under head coach Pat Riley, including the recruitment of Isaac Austin and P.J. Brown. They reached the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in 1996–97. They did not reach this level again until 2004–05, under new head coach Stan Van Gundy and with Dwyane Wade as a leading team member.
Pamban Swamigal
Pamban Gurudasa Swamigal ( Tamil : பாம்பன் குமரகுருதாச சுவாமிகள் ), popularly known as Pamban Swamigal, was a Saivite saint and poet. He was a devotee of the Hindu god Murugan and composed and wrote poems in his praise. His samadhi is located at Tiruvanmiyur,Chennai. In between the year 1848-1850 a child was born to a Saivite family in the town of Rameswaram which then formed part of the Ramnad District. The child was named Appāvu but later became known as Pamban Swamigal as he had lived and left his family at Pamban Island. A psychic predicted that Appāvu would be great man of words and wisdom.
1_Apprentice
It is, and isn't the terrain very hilly?
0_Wizard
Yeah, it goes through mountain chains like the Alps or the Pyrénées.
While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.
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Tour de France
chosen_topic_0_Tour_de_France
Allgäu Alps
The Allgäu Alps () are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps, located in Bavaria in Germany and Tyrol and Vorarlberg in Austria. The range lies directly east of Lake Constance. The mountain range is characterised by an unusual variety of rock formations and consequently a rich tapestry of landscapes, in particular, the steep "grass mountains" ("Grasberge") of the Allgäu Alps with gradients of up to 70°. Its flora is amongst the most varied in the whole Alpine region and its accessibility by lifts and paths is outstanding. The mountain paths ("Höhenwege") running from hut to hut are well known and hikers can spend seven to ten days walking in the mountains without descending to inhabited valleys.
Alps
The Alps (; ; ; ; ; ) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps.
Geology of the Alps
The Alps form part of a Cenozoic orogenic belt of mountain chains, called the Alpide belt, that stretches through southern Europe and Asia from the Atlantic all the way to the Himalayas. This belt of mountain chains was formed during the Alpine orogeny. A gap in these mountain chains in central Europe separates the Alps from the Carpathians to the east. Orogeny took place continuously and tectonic subsidence has produced the gaps in between. The Alps arose as a result of the collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, in which the Alpine Tethys, which was formerly in between these continents, disappeared.
Mountain chain
A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range. The term is also used for elongated fold mountains with several parallel chains ("chain mountains"). While in mountain ranges, the term mountain chain is common, in hill ranges a sequence of hills tends to be referred to a ridge or hill chain. Elongated mountain chains occur most frequently in the orogeny of fold mountains, (that are folded by lateral pressure), and nappe belts (where a sheetlike body of rock has been pushed over another rock mass).
Apennine Mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; ; or ""—a singular used in the plural; ) are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending along the length of peninsular Italy. In the northwest they join with the Ligurian Alps at Altare. In the southwest they end at Reggio di Calabria, the coastal city at the tip of the peninsula. Since 2000 the Environment Ministry of Italy, following the recommendations of the Apennines Park of Europe Project, has been defining the Apennines System to include the mountains of north Sicily, for a total distance of . The system forms an arc enclosing the east side of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas.
Fast food restaurant
A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service. The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a "meat-sweet diet", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided. Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.
Aarmassif
The Aarmassif or Aaremassif (German: "Aarmassiv") is a geologic massif in the Swiss Alps. It contains a number of large mountain chains and parts of mountain chains. The massif is named after the Aar, a river that has its source in the Aarmassif. The Aarmassif crops out in the eastern part of the Bernese Alps and the Lepontine Alps, roughly form Leukerbad in the west to the Tödi in the east. Further east the massif only appears in small windows like the "Vättner window" between Gigerwald and Vättis in Sankt Gallen and at the Limmerensee in the same canton. The Aarmassif is part of the Helvetic zone of the Alps, which consists of material originally from the European tectonic plate.
1_Apprentice
That must be tough going through those mountains.  How fast do the bikes travel?
0_Wizard
It depends, in a mountain  (;like the Alps) they can maintain 15 mph, which is very fast for an incline. On the flat, like Champs-Élysée, they can go at 40 mph.
While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.
chosen_Tour_de_France_0
Tour de France
chosen_topic_0_Tour_de_France
Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction
Speed limits in the United States vary depending on jurisdiction, with common in the Western United States and common in the Eastern United States. States may also set special speed limits for trucks and night travel along with minimum speed limits. The highest speed limit in the country is , which is posted on a single stretch of tollway in rural Texas. In Alabama, it is illegal to drive at a speed that is not "reasonable and prudent" for the current conditions and hazards. Drivers must also not drive so slowly that they impede the flow of traffic. If the speed limit is not otherwise posted, it is: Trucks carrying hazardous materials are not to exceed .
1962 Pacific typhoon season
The 1962 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; there was activity in every month but January, March, and June, but most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November and this conventionally delimits the season. The majority of the Pacific typhoons in 1962 formed in the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and west of the International Date Line with two exceptions: Tropical Depressions Fifty and Sixty-three formed in the Central Pacific. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1962 Pacific hurricane season.
Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown in Kent, England. First used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events. The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation. Gerhard Berger once said that Brands Hatch is "the best circuit in the world". Paddock Hill Bend is a renowned corner. Brands Hatch offers two layout configurations: the shorter "Indy Circuit" layout (1.198 miles) is located entirely within a natural amphitheatre offering spectators views of almost all of the shorter configuration from wherever they watch.
Guy Martin
Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981) is a British lorry-mechanic better known publicly as a motorcycle racer and a television personality. Martin started racing in 1998, debuting on road circuits at the Isle of Man TT events in 2004, where he gained 15 podium finishes. He has broken his back twice in racing accidents, in the 2010 TT and the 2015 Ulster Grand Prix. Following the Ulster Grand Prix accident, Martin stated that he had retired from motorcycle racing although he never disclosed the decision publicly. However following numerous approaches by Honda Racing team manager Neil Tuxworth, Martin confirmed in January 2017 that he had signed for Lincolnshire-based Honda Racing as partner to 23-times TT winner John McGuinness for the North West 200, Isle of Man TT and Southern 100 races.
Traxxas
Traxxas is a radio control model manufacturer based in McKinney, Texas, United States. Traxxas offers electric and nitro powered vehicles (on-road and off-road), boats, and aircraft for drivers of all skill levels. Traxxas' slogan is "The Fastest Name In Radio Control". Traxxas was founded in 1986, with the goal of offering fully assembled, hobby-level radio control cars that could be run right out of the box with little or no assembly, an idea that was new at the time. Traxxas began offering models as "Ready-to-Run" or "RTR", but now refers to these models as "Ready-To-Race". Starting in 1987, Traxxas began selling a series of electric powered stadium truck and buggy models.
2010 Atlantic hurricane season
The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was the first in a group of three extremely active Atlantic hurricane seasons. It is tied alongside 1887, 1995, 2011, 2012 with 19 tropical storms, the third highest count in recorded history. It featured 12 hurricanes, tied with 1969 for the second highest total. Only the quintessential 2005 season saw more activity. The overall tropical cyclone count in the Atlantic exceeded that in the West Pacific for only the second time on record. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates that conventionally delimit the period during each year when tropical cyclone formation is most likely.
2001–02 South Pacific cyclone season
The 2001–02 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average year in which only five named storms formed or entered the South Pacific basin. It began on November 1, 2001 and ended on April 30, 2002. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the southern Pacific Ocean east of 160°E. Additionally, the regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season", and the "tropical cyclone year" runs from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002. The season's sixteen tropical depressions existed within these dates with the first developing on November 29 and the last dissipating on April 22.
1_Apprentice
Wow, that is fast.  It would be scary going 40 mph in a pack of bicycles.