0_Wizard
Hey there.  I love Finance stuff.  I went to school to study it!
Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments.
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Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Hey Hey It's Saturday
Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television. It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from on 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978). Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program. The original producer, Gavin Disney, left the program in the 1980s and Somers then jointly formed his own production company, "Somers Carroll Productions", with on-screen partner Ernie Carroll, the performer of Somers' puppet sidekick Ossie Ostrich. On 25 July 2009, the Nine Network announced the show would return for two reunion specials in late 2009 and hinted if they rated strongly, the show could return full-time.
Hey Jude
"Hey Jude" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The ballad evolved from "Hey Jules", a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. "Hey Jude" begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes. "Hey Jude" was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles' record label Apple Records.
Hulu Bernam (state constituency)
Hulu Bernam is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 1959. The state constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system. It was abolished in 1974 when it was redistributed. It was re-created in 1995. 2004–2016: The constituency contains the polling districts of Kawasan S.K.C., Ladang Lima Belas, Gedangsa, Sungai Selisik, Kampung Gesir, Kampung Sungai Dusun, Kampung Desa Maju, Kampung Sungai Tengi Selatan, Changkat Asa, Kampung Hulu Bernam, Ladang Escot, Kampung Gumut, Bandar Kalumpang, Kampung Baharu Kalumpang, Kuala Kalumpang.
Hulu Selangor (federal constituency)
Hulu Selangor is a federal constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959. The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system. 2004–2016: The constituency contains the polling districts of Kawasan S.K.C., Ladang Lima Belas, Gedangsa, Sungai Selisik, Kampung Gesir, Kampung Sungai Dusun, Kampung Desa Maju, Kampung Sungai Tengi Selatan, Changkat Asa, Kampung Hulu Bernam, Ladang Escot, Kampung Gumut, Bandar Kalumpang, Kampung Baharu Kalumpang, Kuala Kalumpang, Kampung Baharu Kerling, Pertak, Ampang Pechah, Kampung Baharu China K.K.B, Bandar Kuala Kubu Baharu, Kampung Air Jernih, Kerling, Lembah Beringin, Ladang Nigel Gardner, Jalan Kuala Kali, Kampung Baharu Rasa, Pekan Rasa, Kampung Baharu Batang Kali, Hulu Yam Lama, Bukit Rasa, Batang Kali, Hulu Kali, Kampung Padang, Hulu Yam Timur, Hulu Yam Barat, Serendah, Sungai Choh, Sungai Gapi, Taman Bukit Teratai, Sungai Buaya, Bukit Beruntung, Bandar Sungai Buaya, Bukit Sentosa 1 Hingga 5, Bukit Sentosa 6 Hingga 12, Taman Bunga Raya, Kampung Baharu Serendah, Taman Bunga Raya 2.
Hey! Say! JUMP
Hey! Say! JUMP is a nine-member Japanese all-male band under the Japanese talent agency, Johnny & Associates. The name Hey! Say! refers to the fact that all the members were born in the Heisei period, and JUMP is an acronym for Johnny's Ultra Music Power. They are also known as HSJ or just JUMP. Like agency seniors, Hikaru Genji and V6, the group is split into two sub-groups: Hey! Say! BEST (Boys Excellent Select Team) and Hey! Say! 7 (not to be confused with the temporary group with the same name). The sub-groups consists of the five oldest members (BEST) and four youngest members (7) respectively.
The Monkees
The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series "The Monkees", which aired from 1966 to 1968. The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones. The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.
Hey Joe
"Hey Joe" is an American popular song from the 1960s that has become a rock standard and has been performed in many musical styles by hundreds of different artists. "Hey Joe" tells the story of a man who is on the run and planning to head to Mexico after shooting his unfaithful wife. The song was registered for copyright in the United States in 1962 by Billy Roberts. However, diverse credits and claims have led to confusion about the song's authorship. The earliest known commercial recording of the song is the late-1965 single by the Los Angeles garage band the Leaves; the band then re-recorded the track and released it in 1966 as a follow-up single which became a hit.
1_Apprentice
Oh really what type of financing did you study?
0_Wizard
I specialize in health and property with some investment on the side.
health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement.
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Finance
chosen_topic_0_Finance
Economics
Economics (UK English: , ; US English: , ) is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the entire economy (meaning aggregated production, consumption, savings, and investment) and issues affecting it, including unemployment of resources (labour, capital, and land), inflation, economic growth, and the public policies that address these issues (monetary, fiscal, and other policies).
List of master's degrees in North America
This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America. Please see master's degree for a more general overview. Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam. Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.
Private money investing
Private money investing is the reverse side of hard money lending, a type of financing in which a borrower receives funds based on the value of real estate owned by the borrower. Private Money Investing (“PMI”) concerns the SOURCE of the funds lent to hard money borrowers, as well as other considerations made from the INVESTOR’S side of the equation. Without these private, non-institutional investors, hard money would not exist. The industry is not well publicized and is largely centered in California, several Western states, and New York. Lenders are predominantly small, highly specialized mortgage brokers familiar with commercial real estate lending.
Economy of Peru
Peru is classified as "upper middle income" by the World Bank and is the 39th largest in the world by total GDP. Peru is one of the world's fastest-growing economies with a 2012 GDP growth rate of 6.3%. It currently has a high human development index of 0.741 and per capita GDP above $12,000 by PPP. Neo-classical economists would interpret Peru's sound economic performance as a combination of:  However, Post-Keynesian economists would argue that what neo-classical economics considers to be "prudent" fiscal spending is nothing more than a means to restrict government spending in order to make Peru dependent on export income and thus encourage it to open the Peruvian economy to free trade to the benefit of other western countries.
Hedge fund
A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets, often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniques. It is administered by a professional investment management firm, and often structured as a limited partnership, limited liability company, or similar vehicle. Hedge funds are generally distinct from mutual funds, as their use of leverage is not capped by regulators, and distinct from private equity funds, as the majority of hedge funds invest in relatively liquid assets. The term "hedge fund" originated from the paired long and short positions that the first of these funds used to hedge market risk.
Boutique investment bank
A boutique investment bank is a non-full service investment bank that specializes in at least one aspect of investment banking, generally corporate finance, although some banks are retail in nature, such as Charles Schwab. Of those involved in corporate finance, capital raising, mergers and acquisitions and restructuring and reorganizations are their primary activities. Due to their smaller size, capital raising engagements are usually done on a best-efforts basis. Boutique investment banks generally work on smaller deals involving middle-market companies, and usually assist on the sell-side in mergers and acquisitions transactions.
Real estate appraisal
Real estate appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the process of developing an opinion of value for real property (usually market value). Real estate transactions often require appraisals because they occur infrequently and every property is unique (especially their condition, a key factor in valuation), unlike corporate stocks, which are traded daily and are identical (thus a centralized Walrasian auction like a stock exchange is unrealistic). The location also plays a key role in valuation. However, since property cannot change location, it is often the upgrades or improvements to the home that can change its value.
1_Apprentice
That's great, do you work in the field of financing?
0_Wizard
I do!  Specifically Islamic financing. Interest and everything runs really differently with different terms for just about everything.
Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing).
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Islamic banking and finance
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Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba"). Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.
Islamic economics
Islamic economics () is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence (, "fiqh al-mu'āmalāt"), and also to an ideology of economics based on the teachings of Islam that takes a middle ground between the systems of Marxism and capitalism. Islamic commercial jurisprudence entails the rules of transacting finance or other economic activity in a "Shari'a" compliant manner, i.e., a manner conforming to Islamic scripture (Quran and sunnah). Islamic jurisprudence ("fiqh") has traditionally dealt with determining what is required, prohibited, encouraged, discouraged, or just permissible, according to the revealed word of God (Quran) and the religious practices established by the (Islamic) Prophet (sunnah).
Profit and loss sharing
Profit and Loss Sharing (also called PLS or "participatory" banking is a method of finance used by Islamic financial or Shariah-complaint institutions to comply with the religious prohibition on interest on loans that many Muslims subscribe to. Many sources state there are two varieties of profit and loss sharing used by Islamic banks -- "Mudarabah" (مضاربة) ("trustee finance contract or passive partnership) and "Musharakah" (مشاركة or مشركة) (equity participation contract). Other sources include sukuk (also called "Islamic bonds") and direct equity investment (such as purchase of common shares of stock) as types of PLS.
Islamic finance products, services and contracts
Banking or banking activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) — known as Islamic banking and finance, or sharia compliant finance — has its own products, services and contracts that differ from conventional banking. Some of these include "Mudharabah" (profit sharing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharakah" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus finance), "Ijar" (leasing), "Hawala" (an international fund transfer system), "Takaful" (Islamic insurance), and "Sukuk" (Islamic bonds). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba").
Riba
Riba ( "", ) can be roughly translated as "Usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law. "Riba" is mentioned and condemned in several different verses in the Qur'an (3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and perhaps most commonly in 2:275-2:280). It is also mentioned in many ahadith. While Muslims agree that "riba" is prohibited, not all agree on what precisely it is,  or whether its use should be punished by humans rather than Allah. It is often used as an Islamic term for interest charged on loans,  and the belief this is based on — that there is a consensus among Muslims that all loan/bank interest is "riba" — forms the basis of a $2 trillion Islamic banking industry.
Murabaha
Murabaḥah, murabaḥa or murâbaḥah (, derived from "ribh" , meaning profit) is a term of "fiqh" (Islamic jurisprudence) for a sales contract where the buyer and seller agree on the markup (profit) or "cost-plus" price for the item(s) being sold. In recent decades it has become a term for a very common form of Islamic (i.e. "shariah compliant") financing, where the price is marked-up in exchange for allowing the buyer to defer payment (a contract with deferred payment being known as "bai-muajjal"). "Murabaha" financing is similar to a rent-to-own arrangement in the non-Muslim world, with the intermediary (i.e.
International Bank of Azerbaijan
The International Bank of Azerbaijan is a global financial institution serving consumers, pensioners, small businesses, multi-national corporations and investors. The bank enjoys a unique position in the history of its nation: the institution has played a key role in bringing the country of Azerbaijan, a “new” country with an ancient heritage and culture, into the 21st century’s global economy. One hundred years ago, Azerbaijan was a global economic power, producing more than half of the world's oil. Nearly a century of Soviet oppression, ending with the fall of the Soviet Union, damaged the country's economic capacity.
1_Apprentice
It seems that property, health, and investment financing are very different. Or are they similar?
0_Wizard
There is a big difference between them.  Mostly the type of income they need to prosper and survive. 
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Prosper Marketplace
Prosper Marketplace, Inc. is a San Francisco, California-based company in the peer-to-peer lending industry. Prosper Funding LLC, one of its subsidiaries, operates Prosper.com, a website where individuals can either invest in personal loans or request to borrow money. Prosper Marketplace is America's first peer-to-peer lending marketplace, with over $7 billion in funded loans. Borrowers request personal loans on Prosper and investors (individual or institutional) can fund anywhere from $2,000 to $35,000 per loan request. Investors can consider borrowers’ credit scores, ratings, and histories and the category of the loan.
Prosper de Mestre
Jean Charles Prosper de Mestre (15 August 1789– 14 September 1844), known as Prosper de Mestre, was a French-born prominent businessman in Sydney from 1818 until near his death in 1844. He was a "citizen of the world", (His citizenship was listed as French, American and Australian) who played an important role in the development of commerce and banking in the English Colony of New South Wales. He became a successful merchant and business leader in Sydney. In 1825 he became the second person to be naturalised in the Colony. In addition to being one of the early directors of the Bank of New South Wales (the predecessor of Westpac Ld) (for periods between 1826 and 1842), he was also a founder of the local insurance industry, a member of the committee of the Agricultural Society of New South Wales, and became involved in importing, shipping and whaling.
Natalia Vodianova
Natalia Mikhailovna Vodianova (; ; born 28 February 1982), nicknamed Supernova, is a Russian model, philanthropist and occasional film actress. She is well known for her rags to riches life story and for her eight-season, seven-figure contract with Calvin Klein. In 2012, she came in third on the "Forbes" top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8.6 million in one year. Vodianova is currently ranked by models.com as one of the New Supers in the fashion industry. Vodianova is founder of the Naked Heart Foundation, a philanthropic organisation. In 2015, Vodianova launched the digital app "Elbi", which allows people to donate money with a "Love Button," create content, send messages, and vote for Charitable purposes.
One Hen
One Hen, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization located in Needham, Massachusetts. It was established in January 2009 as an outgrowth of the 2008 children’s book "One Hen: How One Small Loan Made a Big Difference" and the educator movement it inspired. One Hen’s mission is to empower kids to become social entrepreneurs who make a difference for themselves and the world by equipping educators with educational resources to inspire kids to four values: financial responsibility, personal initiative, global awareness and giving back. Through the One Hen Academy, storybook, and a website of free games and activities, young people (grades K-8) are challenged to start their own small businesses.
Value-form
The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism. It refers to the "social form" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need. The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not. Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.
The White Tiger
The White Tiger is the debut novel by Indian author Aravind Adiga. It was first published in 2008 and won the 40th Man Booker Prize in the same year. The novel provides a darkly humorous perspective of India’s class struggle in a globalized world as told through a retrospective narration from Balram Halwai, a village boy. In detailing Balram's journey first to Delhi, where he works as a chauffeur to a rich landlord, and then to Bangalore, the place to which he flees after killing his master and stealing his money, the novel examines issues of religion, caste, loyalty, corruption and poverty in India.
Prosper of Aquitaine
Saint Prosper of Aquitaine (; – AD), a Christian writer and disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, was the first continuator of Jerome's Universal Chronicle. Prosper was a native of Aquitaine, and seems to have been educated at Marseilles. By 429 he was corresponding with Augustine. In 431 he appeared in Rome to interview Pope Celestine I regarding the teachings of Augustine; there is no further trace of him until 440, the first year of the pontificate of Pope Leo I, who had been in Gaul, where he may have met Prosper. In any case Prosper was soon in Rome, attached to the pope in some secretarial or notarial capacity.
1_Apprentice
How does Islamic financing differs from US or Western based financing?
0_Wizard
Mostly interest wise. It's called 'riba' and its prohibited. 
Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba").
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Islamic finance products, services and contracts
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Riba
Riba ( "", ) can be roughly translated as "Usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law. "Riba" is mentioned and condemned in several different verses in the Qur'an (3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and perhaps most commonly in 2:275-2:280). It is also mentioned in many ahadith. While Muslims agree that "riba" is prohibited, not all agree on what precisely it is,  or whether its use should be punished by humans rather than Allah. It is often used as an Islamic term for interest charged on loans,  and the belief this is based on — that there is a consensus among Muslims that all loan/bank interest is "riba" — forms the basis of a $2 trillion Islamic banking industry.
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking or Islamic finance () or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Some of the modes of Islamic banking/finance include "Mudarabah" (Profit sharing and loss bearing), "Wadiah" (safekeeping), "Musharaka" (joint venture), "Murabahah" (cost plus), and "Ijar" (leasing). Sharia prohibits "riba", or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to "riba"). Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g.
Royal Institute of British Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971. Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Decimus Burton, Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey. After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892.
Contract Law of Saudi Arabia
Contract law in Saudi Arabia is governed by the conservative Hanbali school of Sharia Law, which adopts a fundamentalist and literal interpretation of the Quran. Any contract that is not specifically prohibited under Sharia law is legally binding, with no discrimination against foreigners or non-Muslims. The Hanbali school is the most liberal among the four Sunni schools with respect to the freedom of persons to contract. However, the degree of freedom of contract is governed by the prohibitions in the Quran, and two distinctive doctrines in Sharia law: "riba" (usury) and "ghara" (speculation).
Islamic economics in Pakistan
The economic policies proposed under the banner of "Islamisation" in Pakistan include executive decrees on "Zakāt" (poor-due), "Ushr" (tithe), judicial changes that helped to halt land redistribution to the poor, and perhaps most importantly, elimination of "riba" (defined by activists as interest charged on loans and securities). Perhaps the foremost exponent of Islamisation among Pakistan's rulers -- General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq -- advanced a programme in 1978 to bring (according to Zia and his supporters) Pakistan law in line with the principles of Sharia law. Conceived in late 1977 and carried out during his reign, the programme came in response to an upsurge in Islamic activism, and the problems and controversies associated with the policies of Zia's predecessor, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Murabaha
Murabaḥah, murabaḥa or murâbaḥah (, derived from "ribh" , meaning profit) is a term of "fiqh" (Islamic jurisprudence) for a sales contract where the buyer and seller agree on the markup (profit) or "cost-plus" price for the item(s) being sold. In recent decades it has become a term for a very common form of Islamic (i.e. "shariah compliant") financing, where the price is marked-up in exchange for allowing the buyer to defer payment (a contract with deferred payment being known as "bai-muajjal"). "Murabaha" financing is similar to a rent-to-own arrangement in the non-Muslim world, with the intermediary (i.e.
Islamic economics
Islamic economics () is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence (, "fiqh al-mu'āmalāt"), and also to an ideology of economics based on the teachings of Islam that takes a middle ground between the systems of Marxism and capitalism. Islamic commercial jurisprudence entails the rules of transacting finance or other economic activity in a "Shari'a" compliant manner, i.e., a manner conforming to Islamic scripture (Quran and sunnah). Islamic jurisprudence ("fiqh") has traditionally dealt with determining what is required, prohibited, encouraged, discouraged, or just permissible, according to the revealed word of God (Quran) and the religious practices established by the (Islamic) Prophet (sunnah).
1_Apprentice
Wow, so you can't make money on interest? How do banks in Muslim countries make money?