0_Wizard
Archery got its name from the latin word, arcus!
The word comes from the Latin "arcus".
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Archery
Archery is the sport, practice or skill of using a bow to propel arrows. The word comes from the Latin "arcus". Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity. A person who participates in archery is typically called an archer or a "bowman", and a person who is fond of or an expert at archery is sometimes called a toxophilite. The bow and arrow seems to have been invented in the later Paleolithic or early Mesolithic periods. The oldest signs of its use in Europe come from the in the north of Hamburg, Germany and dates from the late Paleolithic, about 10,000–9000 BC.
Latin profanity
Latin profanity is the profane, indecent, or impolite vocabulary of Latin, and its uses. Words deemed profane were described as "obsc(a)ena" (obscene, lewd, unfit for public use), or "improba" (improper, in poor taste, undignified). Profanities occurred rarely in classical Latin, limited to satirical works and commentaries on word usage, but they could be found in Vulgar Latin (a phrase which means "the language spoken by the common people"). Since profanities are informal and more often spoken than committed to paper, it is worthwhile to note several written sources of Latin profanity:  "Mentula" is the basic Latin word for penis.
Arcus Odyssey
Arcus Odyssey is an action role-playing game video game developed by Wolf Team and released by Renovation Products in 1991 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and Sharp X68000 and in 1993 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The game features an isometric perspective and cooperative gameplay, as well hack and slash gameplay. It tells the story of four heroes trying to thwart the return of an evil sorceress. "Arcus Odyssey" is part of the "Arcus" franchise, which also included "Arcus" in 1988, "" in 1989, and "Arcus III" in 1991. A North American version for the SNES was planned, but it was cancelled following Sega's acquisition of Renovation Products (American publisher for Wolf Team and Telenet games).
Arcus Foundation
The Arcus Foundation is a charitable foundation focused on issues related to LGBT rights, social justice and conservation. The foundation's stated mission is "to ensure that LGBT people and our fellow apes thrive in a world where social and environmental justice are a reality." The Arcus Foundation is the top LGBT-specific grant-making organization in the United States. The foundation was founded by Jon Stryker, heir to the Stryker Corporation medical supply company fortune. The foundation has offices in New York, New York, and Cambridge, England. Arcus Foundation was founded in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 2000 by Jon Stryker, a U.S. architect, philanthropist, social and environmental activist, billionaire stockholder, and heir to the Stryker Corporation medical supply company fortune.
Jon Stryker
Jon Lloyd Stryker (born c. 1958) is an American architect, philanthropist and activist for social and environmental causes. He is a billionaire stockholder and heir to the Stryker Corporation medical supply company fortune of grandfather Homer Stryker alongside sisters Pat and Ronda. In 2015, his net worth was estimated at $2.1 billion. Stryker is the founder and president of Arcus Foundation, a private international philanthropic organization primarily supporting great ape conservation efforts and LGBT causes. The threatened colobine species "Rhinopithecus strykeri" is named for him. Stryker was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
All Three Media Ghar
All Three Media Ghar is a Nepali private media production company located in Kathmandu and operated by TV journalists Sunil Koirala, Ananda Poudel, and Shiva Shrestha. It majorly produces programmes and documentaries in English, Nepali and other regional languages of Nepal. It started as a media production company in 2013. It is a service oriented media house, established with the objective to promote and provide full-service communication development including branding product/services, strategies, development, and production of research-based IEC/BCC materials, pre-testing etc. It has adopted social marketing techniques, is and adopting modern commercial advertisement techniques.
Swing Arcus
The Swing Arcus () is a series of German single-place and two-place paragliders, designed and produced by Swing Flugsportgeräte of Landsberied. In 2016 it remained in production as the Arcus 7. The Arcus was designed as a beginner to intermediate glider. The design has progressed through seven generations of models, the Arcus 1, Arcus 2002, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, each improving on the last. The models are each named for their approximate projected wing area in square metres or their relative size. The Arcus 3 series was introduced in 2003 and included the Arcus XL Twin, a two-place tandem glider for flight training.
1_Apprentice
That's fascinating! I am a Sagittarius, so I've always wondered why I am an archer.
0_Wizard
That's awesome! my rising sign is a Sagittarius. :) It's cool that it used to be for combat
Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat.
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Ascendant
The ascendant (, Asc or As), is the zodiacal sign and degree that is ascending on the eastern horizon at the specific time and location of an event. According to astrological theory, celestial phenomena reflect or determine human activity on the principle of 'as above so below'. Thus astrologers believe that the ascendant signifies a person's awakening consciousness, in the same way that the Sun's appearance on the eastern horizon signifies the dawn of a new day. Because the ascendant is specific to a particular time and place, to astrologers it signifies the individual environment and conditioning that a person receives during their upbringing, and also the circumstances of their childhood.
Upagraha
In Hindu astrology, the term Upagraha (Sanskrit: उपग्रह) refers to the so-called "shadow planets" ("chayagrahas") that are actually mathematical points same as the two Lunar nodes - Rahu and Ketu are. These are portions belonging to the Sun and other planets respectively and produce painful consequences. The classic writers like Parashara and Varahamihira do not include their influences as do later writers like Vankatesa Sarma, author of Sarvartha Chintamani. Mantreswara in the 25th chapter of his Phaladeepika deals with the nine traditional "upagrahas"; the nine "upagrahas" are – "Māndi" (मान्दि), "Yamakantaka" (यमकण्टक), "Ardhaprahār" (अर्द्धप्रहार), "Kaal" (काल), "Dhooma" (धूम), "Vyatipata" (व्यतीपात), "Paridhi" (परिधि), "Indradhanu" (इन्द्रधनु) and "Upaketu" (उपकेतु).
Lagna
In Vedic Astrology Jyotiṣa, the Lagna (Sanskrit "") or Ascendant, is the first moment of contact between the soul and its new life on earth in Jyotiṣa. One's Ascendant, or Lagna, is the degree of the rāśi (or sign) which is rising on the eastern horizon at the time of one's birth. The Most Effective Point (MEP) of the Ascendant - Lagna, is that point of the zodiacal belt that coincides with the position of the horizon at the time of birth, for a given place of birth. This is more specifically called the "Udaya Lagna" to differentiate it from charts in which other points are used to determine the first house of the horoscope (see below.)
Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for the archer, and its symbol is (Unicode U+2650 ♐), a stylized arrow. Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur pulling-back a bow. It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus to the east. The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A). As seen from the northern hemisphere, the constellation's brighter stars form an easily recognizable asterism known as 'the Teapot'.
Horoscope
A horoscope is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth. The word "horoscope" is derived from Greek words hõra and scopos meaning "time" and "observer" ("horoskopos", pl. "horoskopoi", or "marker(s) of the hour"). Other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, cosmogram, vitasphere, radical chart, radix, chart wheel or simply chart. It is used as a method of divination regarding events relating to the point in time it represents, and it forms the basis of the horoscopic traditions of astrology.
Sagittarius (comics)
Sagittarius is the name of different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The original Sagittarius first appeared in "Avengers" #72 (January 1970), and was created by Roy Thomas and Sal Buscema. The character subsequently appears in "Avengers" #80-82 (September–November 1970), "Daredevil" #69 (October 1970), "Iron Man" #33-36 (January–April 1971), "Daredevil" #73 (February 1971), "Avengers" #120-125 (February–July 1974), "Iron Man" #184-185 (July–August 1984), and "West Coast Avengers" #26 (November 1987), in which he is killed. Sagittarius appeared as part of the "Zodiac" entry in the "Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition" #20.
House (astrology)
Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the horoscope into a number (usually twelve) of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather than on date. In Hindu astrological tradition these are known as Bhāvas. The houses of the horoscope represent different fields of experience wherein the energies of the signs and planets operate — described in terms of physical surroundings as well as personal life experiences. Every house system is dependent on the rotational movement of Earth on its axis, but there is a wide range of approaches to calculating house divisions and different opinions among astrologers over which house system is most accurate.
1_Apprentice
Do you know when that happened?
0_Wizard
You know what, I can't remember. But I know the Sagittarius constellation is in the center of the Milky Way!
The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
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Sagittarius (constellation)
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The descriptive "milky" is derived from the appearance from Earth of the galaxy – a band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term "Milky Way" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', "milky circle"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe.
Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for the archer, and its symbol is (Unicode U+2650 ♐), a stylized arrow. Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur pulling-back a bow. It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus to the east. The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A). As seen from the northern hemisphere, the constellation's brighter stars form an easily recognizable asterism known as 'the Teapot'.
Sagittarius A*
Sagittarius A* (pronounced "Sagittarius A-star", standard abbreviation Sgr A*) is a bright and very compact astronomical radio source at the center of the Milky Way, near the border of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius. It is part of a larger astronomical feature known as Sagittarius A. Sagittarius A* is thought to be the location of a supermassive black hole, like those that are now generally accepted to be at the centers of most spiral and elliptical galaxies. Observations of the star S2 in orbit around Sagittarius A* have been used to show the presence of, and produce data about, the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole, and have led to the conclusion that Sagittarius A* is the site of that black hole.
Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. The word galaxy is derived from the Greek "" (), literally "milky", a reference to the Milky Way. Galaxies range in size from dwarfs with just a few hundred million () stars to giants with one hundred trillion () stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many galaxies are thought to have black holes at their active centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun.
Galactic Center
The Galactic Center is the rotational center of the Milky Way. The estimates for its location range from from Earth in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and Scorpius where the Milky Way appears brightest. It coincides with the compact radio source Sagittarius A*. There are around 10 million stars within one parsec of the Galactic Center, dominated by red giants. There is also a significant population of massive supergiants and Wolf-Rayet stars from a star formation event around one million years ago. There is a supermassive black hole at the centre, which powers the Sagittarius A* radio source.
Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses (), and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies. In the case of the Milky Way, the SMBH corresponds with the location of Sagittarius A*. Supermassive black holes have properties that distinguish them from lower-mass classifications. First, the average density of a SMBH (defined as the mass of the black hole divided by the volume within its Schwarzschild radius) can be less than the density of water in the case of some SMBHs. This is because the Schwarzschild radius is directly proportional to mass, while density is inversely proportional to the volume.
2012 phenomenon
The 2012 phenomenon was a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or otherwise transformative events would occur on or around 21 December 2012. This date was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, and as such, festivities to commemorate the date took place on 21 December 2012 in the countries that were part of the Maya civilization (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador), with main events at Chichén Itzá in Mexico, and Tikal in Guatemala. Various astronomical alignments and numerological formulae were proposed as pertaining to this date.
1_Apprentice
Do you know when they started using crossbows?
0_Wizard
I believe they were invented in Ancient China!
The earliest crossbows in the world were invented in ancient China and caused a major shift in the role of projectile weaponry.
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Crossbow
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Science and technology of the Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) of ancient China, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at Chang'an), Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, when the capital was at Luoyang, and after 196 CE at Xuchang), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern Chinese science and technology. There were great innovations in metallurgy. In addition to Zhou-dynasty China's (c. 1050 BCE – 256 BCE) previous inventions of the blast furnace and cupola furnace to make pig iron and cast iron, respectively, the Han period saw the development of steel and wrought iron by use of the finery forge and puddling process.
Wu (shaman)
Wu () are spirit mediums who have practiced divination, prayer, sacrifice, rainmaking, and healing in Chinese traditions dating back over 3,000 years. The Chinese word "wu" 巫 "spirit medium; shaman; shamaness; sorcerer; doctor; proper names" was first recorded during the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600-1046 BCE), when a "wu" could be of either sex. During the late Zhou Dynasty (1045-256 BCE) "wu" was used to specify "female shaman; sorceress" as opposed to "xi" 覡 "male shaman; sorcerer" (which first appears in the 4th century BCE "Guoyu"). Other sex-differentiated shaman names include "nanwu" 男巫 for "male shaman; sorcerer; wizard"; and "nüwu" 女巫, "wunü" 巫女, "wupo" 巫婆, and "wuyu" 巫嫗 for "female shaman; sorceress; witch".
Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese, they are called hànzì (, lit ""Han characters""). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages, including Japanese, where they are known as "kanji" (); Korean, where they are known as "Hanja" (); Vietnamese, in a system known as "chữ Nôm"; and Zhuang, in a system known as "Sawndip". Collectively, they are known as CJK characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world by number of users.
Chinese culture
Chinese culture () is one of the world's oldest cultures, tracing back to thousands of years ago. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well. With China being one of the earliest ancient civilizations, Chinese culture is extremely diverse and varying, and it has a profound effect in the philosophy, virtue, etiquette and traditions of Asia to date. Chinese culture is considered the dominant culture in East Asia historically. Chinese language, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy, business etiquette , religion, politics and history have a profound impact on the world, while its traditions and festivals are also celebrated, instilled and practiced by people around Asia.
Chinese calendar
The traditional Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar which reckons years, months and days according to astronomical phenomena. , the Chinese calendar is defined by GB/T 33661-2017 "Calculation and promulgation of the Chinese calendar," which the Standardization Administration of China issued on May 12, 2017. The Chinese calendar governs traditional activities in China and in overseas-Chinese communities. It depicts and lists the dates of traditional Chinese holidays, and guides Chinese people in selecting the most auspicious days for weddings, funerals, moving, or beginning a business. In the Chinese calendar the days begin and end at midnight.
History of science and technology in China
Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy. Among the earliest inventions were the abacus, the "shadow clock," and the first items such as Kongming lanterns. The "Four Great Inventions" – the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing – were among the most important technological advances, only known to Europe by the end of the Middle Ages 1000 years later. The Tang Dynasty (AD 618–906) in particular, was a time of great innovation.
Bandit Kings of Ancient China
Bandit Kings of Ancient China, also known as in Japan, is a turn-based strategy video game developed and published by Koei, and released in 1989 for MS-DOS, Amiga and the Macintosh and in 1990 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. In 1996, Koei issued a remake for the Japanese Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation featuring vastly improved graphics and new arrangements of the original songs. Based on the Great Classical Novel "Water Margin", the game takes place in ancient China during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. The Bandit Kings of Ancient China—a band of ten bandits—engage in war against China's Minister of War Gao Qiu, an evil person with unlimited power.
1_Apprentice
Ancient, huh? I had no clue it was so long ago. I thought it was medieval Europe.
0_Wizard
Yeah! The islamic world influenced a lot of medieval Europe.
The Islamic world also influenced other aspects of medieval European culture, partly by original innovations made during the Islamic Golden Age, including various fields such as the arts, agriculture, alchemy, music, pottery, etc.
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Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe
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Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe
During the high medieval period, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Andalusia, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant. These included Latin translations of the Greek Classics and of Arabic texts in astronomy, mathematics, science, and medicine. Other contributions included technological and scientific innovations via the Silk Road, including Chinese inventions such as paper and gunpowder. The Islamic world also influenced other aspects of medieval European culture, partly by original innovations made during the Islamic Golden Age, including various fields such as the arts, agriculture, alchemy, music, pottery, etc.
History of Islamic economics
Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many concepts and techniques in economics such as Hawala, an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts known as waqf, and mufawada. Specific Islamic concepts involving money, property, taxation, charity and five pillars These concepts, like others in Islamic law and jurisprudence, came from the "prescriptions, anecdotes, examples, and words of the Prophet, all gathered together and systematized by commentators according to an inductive, casuistic method." Sometimes other sources such as al-urf, (the custom), al-'aql (reason) or al-ijma (consensus of the jurists) were employed.
Early Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE). The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age, and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science; for Renaissance Europe, the influence represented “one of the largest technology transfers in world history.”. This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) at the end of 12th century.
Islamic philosophy
In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—"falsafa" (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics and physics; and "Kalam" (literally "speech"), which refers to a kind of philosophy based on interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. Islamic philosophy has also been described as the systematic investigation of problems connected with life, the universe, ethics, society, and so on as conducted in the Muslim world. Early Islamic philosophy began in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasted until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).
Madrasa
Madrasa (, "," pl. , "") is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion), and whether a school, college or university. The word is variously transliterated "madrasah", "medresa", "madrassa", "madraza", "medrese", etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. In countries like India, not all students in madrasas are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum. The word ' derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س "D-R-S" 'to learn, study', through the "wazn" (form/stem) ; , meaning "a place where something is done".
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, Buyid Persia, Tamerlane's Transoxiana, the Abbasid Caliphate and beyond, spanning the period c. 800 to 1429. Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Other subjects of scientific inquiry included alchemy and chemistry, botany, geography and cartography, ophthalmology, pharmacology, physics, and zoology. Medieval Islamic science had practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding.
Women in Islam
The experiences of Muslim women vary widely between and within different societies. At the same time, their adherence to Islam is a shared factor that affects their lives to a varying degree and gives them a common identity that may serve to bridge the wide cultural, social, and economic differences between them. Among the influences which have played an important role in defining the social, spiritual and cosmological status of women in the course of Islamic history are Islam's sacred text, the Qur'an; the Ḥadīths, which are traditions relating to the deeds and aphorisms of Islam's Prophet Muḥammad; ijmā', which is a consensus, expressed or tacit, on a question of law; qiyās, the principle by which the laws of the Qur'an and the Sunnah or Prophetic custom are applied to situations not explicitly covered by these two sources of legislation; and fatwas, non-binding published opinions or decisions regarding religious doctrine or points of law.
1_Apprentice
Is that who brought the crossbows from Asia>