0_Wizard
Hi. i had braces as a kid so i was just reading some info on orthodontics and was shocked to find out it has been around more than 2000 years
The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years.
chosen_Orthodontics_0
Orthodontics
chosen_topic_0_Orthodontics
Dental braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.
Orthodontics
"Orthodontics" is derived from the Greek "orthos" ("correct", "straight") and "-odont-" ("tooth"). The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years. Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine. According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth. Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together. The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.
Lingual braces
Lingual braces are one of the many types of the fixed orthodontic treatment appliances available to patients needing orthodontics. They involve attaching the orthodontic brackets on the inner sides of the teeth. The main advantage of lingual braces is their near invisibility compared to the standard braces, which are attached on the buccal sides of the tooth. Lingual braces were invented by Craven Kurz in 1976. Craven Kurz with Jim Mulick in 1975 developed the Cruz Lingual Appliances in United States. The first patient to be treated by lingual braces was by Dr. Kurz in Beverley Hills in 1976. She was a member of Playboy Bunny Club and after being presented with metal braces option, she wanted to get braces which did not show metal.
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
This is a list of characters that have appeared in the "Madagascar" films, the television series "The Penguins of Madagascar", and the Netflix series "All Hail King Julien". Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of "Madagascar" was not to take a political stance on whether "zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad," but to show "the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do". McGrath stated "the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from," and the animals were meant to "love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got" "right off Fifth Avenue".
Info-gap decision theory
Info-gap decision theory is a non-probabilistic decision theory that seeks to optimize robustness to failure – or opportuneness for windfall – under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest. It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle. It has been developed since the 1980s by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under ""severe" uncertainty".
Orthodontic archwires
An orthodontic archwire is a wire conforming to the alveolar or dental arch that can be used with dental braces as a source of force in correcting irregularities in the position of the teeth. An archwire can also be used to maintain existing dental positions; in this case it has a retentive purpose. Orthodontic archwires may be fabricated from several alloys, most commonly stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi), and beta-titanium alloy (composed primarily of titanium and molybdenum). Nobles metals such as gold, platinum, iridium, silver and their alloys were used early on in the field of Orthodontics because of their good corrosion resistance.
Ravindra Nanda
Dr. Ravindra Nanda (born 19 February 1943) is a professor and Head of the Department of Craniofacial Sciences and Chair of the Division of Orthodontics at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He is part of the founding faculty of School of Dental Medicine and has been at the University of Connecticut since 1972 where he also holds an Alumni Chair in the Orthodontics Division. He is an innovator of various appliances in orthodontics. His research and clinical interests include adolescent and adult orthodontics, the biology of tooth mobility, craniofacial orthopedics, biomechanics and developing efficient mechanics to deliver orthodontic care.
1_Apprentice
Yep its been around that long that archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth!
0_Wizard
omg, no way. How interesting. I just always thought of orthodontics as a modern thing. I had the metal dental braces but now i see invisible braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health.
self_Dental_braces_0
Dental braces
self_0_Dental_braces
Dental braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.
Orthodontics
"Orthodontics" is derived from the Greek "orthos" ("correct", "straight") and "-odont-" ("tooth"). The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years. Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine. According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth. Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together. The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.
Lingual braces
Lingual braces are one of the many types of the fixed orthodontic treatment appliances available to patients needing orthodontics. They involve attaching the orthodontic brackets on the inner sides of the teeth. The main advantage of lingual braces is their near invisibility compared to the standard braces, which are attached on the buccal sides of the tooth. Lingual braces were invented by Craven Kurz in 1976. Craven Kurz with Jim Mulick in 1975 developed the Cruz Lingual Appliances in United States. The first patient to be treated by lingual braces was by Dr. Kurz in Beverley Hills in 1976. She was a member of Playboy Bunny Club and after being presented with metal braces option, she wanted to get braces which did not show metal.
Orthodontic headgear
Orthodontic headgear is a type of orthodontic appliance attached to the patient's head with a neck strap or a number of straps around the head. The device typically transfers the force to the teeth via a facebow or J hooks to the patients dental braces or a palatal expander that aids in correcting more severe bite problems or is used in retention of the teeth and jaws of the patient. Headgear is most commonly used to correct anteroposterior discrepancies. The headgear attaches to the braces via metal hooks or a facebow. Straps or a head cap anchor the headgear to the back of the head or neck. In some situations, both are used.
Dentistry
Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area. Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures. Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.
Orthodontic technology
Orthodontic technology is a specialty of dental technology that is concerned with the design and fabrication of dental appliances for the treatment of malocclusions, which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. the orthodontic appliance are divided into three group:1)Removable Appliance 2)Removable Fixed Appliance 3)Fixed Appliance There are three main types of orthodontic appliances: active, passive and functional. All these types can be fixed or removable. An active appliance is a device used to apply forces to the teeth to change the relationship of the teeth.
All Smiles Dental Centers
All Smiles Dental Professionals, P.C., doing business as All Smiles Dental Centers, was a chain of dental clinics in Texas, United States, with its headquarters in Farmers Branch, Texas in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, near the City of Dallas. The chain operates dental clinics in the Dallas-Fort Worth area and in Greater Houston. The company "All Smiles Dental Center, Inc." (ADSC) is the management service organization providing business support services to All Smiles Dental Professionals, P.C. The patients mostly consist of children in low-income Hispanic communities. As of May 2012, Valor Equity owned 72% of the company while founder Dr. Richard Malouf owned 28%.
1_Apprentice
Invisible braces? First ive heard about those. How do they work?
0_Wizard
Well, they are actually called Invisilign and they work just the same to correct crooked teeth, overbites etc but they are clear colored so it is really hard to see them from afar. Its more for cosmetic reason i guess
They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw.
self_Dental_braces_1
Dental braces
self_0_Dental_braces
Dental braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.
List of unidentified murder victims in the United States
Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified. Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015. Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States. The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982. The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.
List of Warriors characters
The "Warriors" novel series is written by Erin Hunter. Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together. Each cat has a prefix. Eg: Dawn, Violet etc. As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name. Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit. When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name. Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw. When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix. Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc. Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame. That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.
Papa Roach
Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California. Formed in 1993, their first major-label release was the triple-platinum album "Infest" (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album "Lovehatetragedy" (2002), their platinum album "Getting Away with Murder" (2004), "The Paramour Sessions" (2006), "Metamorphosis" (2009), "Time for Annihilation" (2010), "The Connection" (2012), and "F.E.A.R." (2015). Papa Roach has sold more than 20 million album copies worldwide and are known for their songs "Last Resort", "Between Angels and Insects", "She Loves Me Not", "Getting Away with Murder", "Scars", "Forever", "Lifeline", and "Face Everything and Rise".
Born for Greatness
"Born for Greatness" is a song by American rock band Papa Roach. It was their third single off of their album "Crooked Teeth". It peaked at number 4 on the "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Songs chart in 2018. "Born for Greatness" was first released on March 31, 2017, in a lyric video, to promote the then-coming release of Papa Roach's ninth studio album, "Crooked Teeth". In April 2017, the song was used as the theme song for the 2017 iteration of WWE Payback, and is currently used as a theme for Raw, beginning on January 29, 2018. In addition to the studio recording of the song being released on "Crooked Teeth" on May 19, 2017.
List of Ben 10 aliens
This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's "Ben 10 franchise". Voiced by:  Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros. He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust. Heatblast is essentially "living magma", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire. In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix. Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, "And Then There Were 10" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.
List of Monk characters
The following is a list of characters of "Monk", an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series, created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the titular character, Adrian Monk. Except for two changes, the principal cast of the series remained consistent. For the first three seasons Sharona Fleming was Monk's assistant. She left to remarry her ex-husband in the middle of season three. She was replaced by Natalie Teeger, in the episode "Mr. Monk and the Red Herring", and remained Monk's assistant for the remainder of the series. Stanley Kamel, who portrayed Monk's therapist, Dr. Charles Kroger, died of a heart attack in April 2008, during the production hiatus in between seasons six and seven.
1_Apprentice
Oooooh guess they stop the bullying that used to occur when braces were worn by kids
0_Wizard
Oh yes, exactly. I had to go threw bullying especially when i was told i may need orthodontic headgear which is attached to the patients head with a neck strap. That was tough to go to school wearing that thing. 
Orthodontic headgear is a type of orthodontic appliance attached to the patient's head with a neck strap or a number of straps around the head.
partner_Orthodontic_headgear_0
Orthodontic headgear
partner_5_Orthodontic_headgear
Orthodontic headgear
Orthodontic headgear is a type of orthodontic appliance attached to the patient's head with a neck strap or a number of straps around the head. The device typically transfers the force to the teeth via a facebow or J hooks to the patients dental braces or a palatal expander that aids in correcting more severe bite problems or is used in retention of the teeth and jaws of the patient. Headgear is most commonly used to correct anteroposterior discrepancies. The headgear attaches to the braces via metal hooks or a facebow. Straps or a head cap anchor the headgear to the back of the head or neck. In some situations, both are used.
Dental braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.
Orthodontics
"Orthodontics" is derived from the Greek "orthos" ("correct", "straight") and "-odont-" ("tooth"). The history of orthodontics has been intimately linked with the history of dentistry for more than 2000 years. Dentistry had its origins as a part of medicine. According to the American Association of Orthodontists, archaeologists have discovered mummified ancients with metal bands wrapped around individual teeth. Malocclusion is not a disease, but abnormal alignment of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together. The prevalence of malocclusion varies, but using orthodontic treatment indices, which categorize malocclusions in terms of severity, it can be said that nearly 30% of the population present with malocclusions severe enough to benefit from orthodontic treatment.
Orthodontic technology
Orthodontic technology is a specialty of dental technology that is concerned with the design and fabrication of dental appliances for the treatment of malocclusions, which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. the orthodontic appliance are divided into three group:1)Removable Appliance 2)Removable Fixed Appliance 3)Fixed Appliance There are three main types of orthodontic appliances: active, passive and functional. All these types can be fixed or removable. An active appliance is a device used to apply forces to the teeth to change the relationship of the teeth.
Headgear
Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of clothing which is worn on one's head. Headgears serve a variety of purposes:  Bonnets, as worn by women and girls, were hats worn outdoors which were secured by tying under the chin, and often which had some kind of peak or visor. Some styles of bonnets had peaks so large that they effectively prevented women from looking right or left without turning their heads. Bonnets worn by men and boys are generally distinguished from hats by being soft and having no brim—this usage is now rare (they would normally be called caps today, except in Scotland where the "bunnet" is common in both civilian life and in the Royal Regiment of Scotland).
List of recurring The Simpsons characters
"The Simpsons" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals. The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town. A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes. According to the creator of "The Simpsons", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show "Second City Television".
Martingale (tack)
A martingale is any of several designs of tack that are used on horses to control head carriage. Martingales may be seen in a wide variety of equestrian disciplines, both riding and driving. Rules for their use vary widely; in some disciplines they are never used, others allow them for schooling but not in judged performance, and some organizations allow certain designs in competition. The two most common types of martingale, the standing and the running, are used to control the horse's head height, and to prevent the horse from throwing its head so high that the rider gets hit in the face by the horse's poll or upper neck.
1_Apprentice
Whaaat that sounds more like a torture device!!!
0_Wizard
LOL, the headgear aids in correcting more severe problems or for the jaws if they have retention issues. 
The device typically transfers the force to the teeth via a facebow or J hooks to the patients dental braces or a palatal expander that aids in correcting more severe bite problems or is used in retention of the teeth and jaws of the patient.
self_Orthodontic_headgear_1
Orthodontic headgear
self_0_Orthodontic_headgear
Orthodontic headgear
Orthodontic headgear is a type of orthodontic appliance attached to the patient's head with a neck strap or a number of straps around the head. The device typically transfers the force to the teeth via a facebow or J hooks to the patients dental braces or a palatal expander that aids in correcting more severe bite problems or is used in retention of the teeth and jaws of the patient. Headgear is most commonly used to correct anteroposterior discrepancies. The headgear attaches to the braces via metal hooks or a facebow. Straps or a head cap anchor the headgear to the back of the head or neck. In some situations, both are used.
Merengue music
Merengue is a type of music and dance originating in the Dominican Republic, which has become a very popular genre throughout Latin America, and also in several major cities in the United States which have Hispanic communities. Merengue was first mentioned around the middle of the 19th century and has locally been very popular since then. The genre was later promoted even more by Rafael Trujillo, the dictator from 1930 to 1961, who turned it into the country's national music and dance style. In the United States it was first popularized by New York-based groups and bandleaders like Rafael Petiton Guzman, beginning in the 1930s, and Angel Viloria y su Conjunto Típico Cibaeño in the 1950s.
Dental braces
Dental braces (also known as braces, orthodontic cases, or cases) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. They are often used to correct underbites, as well as malocclusions, overbites, open bites, deep bites, cross bites, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.
This Is England '86
This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film "This Is England". Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles. Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb. Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.
Orthodontic technology
Orthodontic technology is a specialty of dental technology that is concerned with the design and fabrication of dental appliances for the treatment of malocclusions, which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. the orthodontic appliance are divided into three group:1)Removable Appliance 2)Removable Fixed Appliance 3)Fixed Appliance There are three main types of orthodontic appliances: active, passive and functional. All these types can be fixed or removable. An active appliance is a device used to apply forces to the teeth to change the relationship of the teeth.
LOL
LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang. It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication. It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO ("laugh(ing) my ass off") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; "roll(ing) on the floor laughing"). Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete "lots of luck" or "lots of love" used in letter-writing.
Headgear
Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of clothing which is worn on one's head. Headgears serve a variety of purposes:  Bonnets, as worn by women and girls, were hats worn outdoors which were secured by tying under the chin, and often which had some kind of peak or visor. Some styles of bonnets had peaks so large that they effectively prevented women from looking right or left without turning their heads. Bonnets worn by men and boys are generally distinguished from hats by being soft and having no brim—this usage is now rare (they would normally be called caps today, except in Scotland where the "bunnet" is common in both civilian life and in the Royal Regiment of Scotland).