0_Wizard
Isn't it crazy that horses have been around 45-55 million years and they used to be multi-toed instead of having one single hoof!
The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, "Eohippus", into the large, single-toed animal of today.
chosen_Horse_0
Horse
chosen_topic_0_Horse
Horse
The horse ("Equus ferus caballus") is one of two extant subspecies of "Equus ferus". It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, "Eohippus", into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies "caballus" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.
Limbs of the horse
The limbs of the horse are structures made of dozens of bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments that support the weight of the equine body. They include two apparatuses: the suspensory apparatus, which carries much of the weight, prevents overextension of the joint and absorbs shock, and the stay apparatus, which locks major joints in the limbs, allowing horses to remain standing while relaxed or asleep. The limbs play a major part in the movement of the horse, with the legs performing the functions of absorbing impact, bearing weight, and providing thrust. In general, the majority of the weight is borne by the front legs, while the rear legs provide propulsion.
Ungulate
Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotamuses. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls.
Odd-toed ungulate
Members of the order Perissodactyla, otherwise known as odd-toed ungulates, are mammals characterized by an odd number of toes and by hindgut fermentation with somewhat simple stomachs. Perissodactyla comes from the Ancient Greek περισσός ("perissós", “uneven”) + δάκτυλος ("dáktulos", “a finger, toe”). Unlike the even-toed ungulates, they digest plant cellulose in their intestines rather than in one or more stomach chambers. The order includes three extant families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs), with a total of about 17 species. Despite their very different appearances, they were recognized as related families in the 19th century by the zoologist Richard Owen, who also coined the order name.
Roland Lamah
Roland Conde Lamah (born 31 December 1987) is a Belgian footballer who plays for North American club FC Dallas mainly as a left winger. Born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Lamah started playing in Belgium, representing C.S. Visé in the second division and R.S.C. Anderlecht in the Pro League. In the 2007–08 season, he represented Roda JC Kerkrade on loan from the latter. In the summer of 2008, Lamah moved clubs and countries again, joining France's Le Mans UC 72 on a four-year contract and making his Ligue 1 debut on 30 August by playing one minute in a 4–1 away win against FC Nantes. After suffering relegation in 2010, he competed in Ligue 2 with the team.
Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia ( from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands. Females of all mammal species nurse their young with milk, secreted from the mammary glands. Mammals include the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale. The basic body type is a terrestrial quadruped, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, underground or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables the feeding of the fetus during gestation.
Laminitis
Laminitis is a disease that affects the feet of ungulates, and is found mostly in horses and cattle. Clinical signs include foot tenderness progressing to inability to walk, increased digital pulses, and increased temperature in the hooves. Severe cases with outwardly visible clinical signs are known by the colloquial term founder, and progression of the disease may lead to perforation of the coffin bone through the sole of the hoof or being unable to stand up requiring euthanasia. The bones of the hoof are suspended within the axial hooves of ungulates by layers of modified skin cells, known as laminae or lamellae, which act as shock absorbers during locomotion.
1_Apprentice
WHAT? NO WAY! I did not know that!  
0_Wizard
Yeah pretty nuts! Humans only started domesticating them too around 4000BC
Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.
self_Horse_3
Horse
self_0_Horse
Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist)
Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985. His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by "The New York Times" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.”  Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox ("Vulpes vulpes") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.
Worthing
Worthing () is a large seaside town in England, with borough status in West Sussex. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, west of Brighton, and east of the county town of Chichester. With an estimated population of 104,600 and an area of the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. Since 2010 northern parts of the borough, including the Worthing Downland Estate, have formed part of the South Downs National Park. The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe.
Master Blaster (Schlitterbahn)
Master Blaster is a type of uphill water coaster at Schlitterbahn New Braunfels Waterpark in Texas, USA. "Master Blaster" opened in 1996 in the Schlitterbahn East section of the park as the anchor attraction to a second themed area called Blastenhoff. The ride is 65 feet tall and 1,100 feet long. In the late 1980s, Jeff Henry, a member of the Henry family that owns and operates Schlitterbahn, convinced the family to help provide R&D for a surfing-type ride that was being developed by Thomas Lochtefeld. He was working on an attraction that was capable of spraying a stream of water over molded plastic sheets and asked the Henrys for assistance with developing a soft foam coating.
She Loves You
"She Loves You" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963. The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964. It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom. In November 2004, "Rolling Stone" ranked "She Loves You" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In August 2009, at the end of its "Beatles Weekend", BBC Radio 2 announced that "She Loves You" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.
Dunloy
Dunloy () is a village and townland in the Borough of Ballymoney, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is located north of Ballymena and north-west is Ballymoney. It is located in the civil parish of Finvoy, in the former barony of Kilconway. It had a population of 1,215 people in the 2011 Census. Dunloy lies in the ancient Irish district of "Killimorrie", which is now known as Killymurris. Killymurris is claimed as being derived from the Irish "Coill Ui Mhuireadhaigh" meaning "the wood of Murry". An alternate origin given for Killymurris is that it derives from "Choill Mhuiris" meaning "the wood of Morris".
KLCC Property Holdings
KLCC Property Holdings Berhad (KLCCP; ) is a Malaysian property investment company which owns and manages office, retail and hotel properties in Kuala Lumpur, mainly in the KL City Centre area. Among the properties owned or managed by the company and its stapled real estate investment trust are the Petronas Twin Towers (the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004), Suria KLCC, the Mandarin Oriental Kuala Lumpur and Menara Maxis. The company, along with KLCC Real Estate Investment Trust (KLCC REIT) – which it manages – form the KLCCP Stapled Group. KLCCP shares are stapled with KLCC REIT units; the stapled securities are listed on Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad.
Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptian culture is full of rich traditions and practices that until today we keep on learning about. Wildlife in ancient Egypt used to be very different compared to the wildlife currently present in Egypt for several factors and variables. Animals like elephants, rhinoceros, crocodiles and hippopotamus used to live in different parts of Egypt, however these animals do not exist in Egypt today. Animals were very much appreciated and played a big deal in Egyptian history; even some gods were represented as animals; as Hathor the goddess of fertility, love and beauty was represented as a cow.