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the horse is one of two extant subspecies of equus ferus.the horse is called equus ferus caballus.
The horse ("Equus ferus caballus") is one of two extant subspecies of "Equus ferus".
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Horse
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Wild horse
The wild horse ("Equus ferus") is a species of the genus "Equus", which includes as subspecies the modern domesticated horse ("Equus ferus caballus") as well as the undomesticated tarpan ("Equus ferus ferus", now extinct), and the endangered Przewalski's horse ("Equus ferus przewalskii"). Przewalski's horse had reached the brink of extinction but was reintroduced successfully back into the wild. The tarpan became extinct in the 19th century, though it is a possible ancestor of the domestic horse; it roamed the steppes of Eurasia at the time of domestication. However, other subspecies of "Equus ferus" may have existed and could have been the stock from which domesticated horses are descended.
Tarpan
The tarpan ("Equus ferus ferus"), also known as Eurasian wild horse, was a subspecies of wild horse. It is now extinct. The last individual believed to be of this subspecies died in captivity in Russia in 1909, although some sources claim that it was not a genuine wild horse due to its resemblance to domesticated horses. Beginning in the 1930s, several attempts were made to develop horses that looked like tarpans through selective breeding, called "breeding back" by advocates. The breeds that resulted included the Heck horse, the Hegardt or Stroebel's horse, and a derivation of the Konik breed, all of which have a primitive appearance, particularly in having the grullo coat color.
Horse
The horse ("Equus ferus caballus") is one of two extant subspecies of "Equus ferus". It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, "Eohippus", into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies "caballus" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.
Przewalski's horse
The Przewalski's horse ( ; ; Khalkha , "takhi"; Ak Kaba Tuvan: [] "dagy"; "Equus ferus przewalskii") or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse ("Equus ferus") native to the steppes of central Asia. At one time extinct in the wild (in Mongolia, the last wild Przewalski's horses had been seen in 1966), it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu National Park, Takhin Tal Nature Reserve, and Khomiin Tal. The taxonomic position is still debated, and some taxonomists treat Przewalski's horse as a species, "Equus przewalskii". Common names for this equine include "takhi", "Asian wild horse" and "Mongolian wild horse", The horse is named after the Russian geographer and explorer (of Polish ancestry) Nikolay Przhevalsky (Polish name: Mikołaj Przewalski).
Ashva
Aśvaḥ (अश्व) is the Sanskrit word for a horse, one of the significant animals finding references in the Vedas as well as later Hindu scriptures. The corresponding Avestan term is "aspa". The word is cognate to Latin "equus", Greek ίππος (hippos), Germanic *"ehwaz" and Baltic "*ašvā" all from PIE "*hek'wos". There are repeated references to the horse the Vedas (c. 1500 - 500 BC). In particular the Rigveda has many equestrian scenes, often associated with chariots. The Ashvins are divine twins named for their horsemanship. The earliest undisputed finds of horse remains in South Asia are from the Swat culture (c. 1500 - 500 BC).
History of the horse in South Asia
The horse has been present in South Asia from at least the middle of the second millennium BC, more than two millennia after its domestication in Central Asia. The earliest uncontroversial evidence of horse remains on the Indian Subcontinent date to the early Swat culture (around 1600 BC). Claims of stray finds date to earlier times, as early as the middle of the third millennium, but these are not generally accepted. The topic is of some importance to the dating of Indo-Aryan migration to India. "Ashva" (a Sanskrit word for a horse) is one of the significant animals finding references in several Hindu scriptures.
Domestication of the horse
A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse. Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat. How and when horses became domesticated is disputed. The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE. However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.