Herbert L. Andrews' 1868 School Desk Patent Model Improvement
{"id": "ld1-1643399549356-1643399604919-0", "version": "", "unitCode": "NMAH", "linkedId": "", "type": "edanmdm", "content": {"descriptiveNonRepeating": {"record_ID": "nmah_664205", "online_media": {"mediaCount": 3, "media": [{"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001&max=150", "idsId": "NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bq99ca746b7-1e60-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001.tif", "width": 2002, "height": 3000}, {"width": 2002, "height": 3000, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001.jpg", "dimensions": "2002x3000"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616393-000001_thumb"}]}, {"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395&max=150", "idsId": "NMAH-DOR2013-616395", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bq99ca746b7-1e61-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395.tif", "width": 3000, "height": 2002}, {"width": 3000, "height": 2002, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395.jpg", "dimensions": "3000x2002"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616395_thumb"}]}, {"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392&max=150", "idsId": "NMAH-DOR2013-616392", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "caption": "Original tag.", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bq99ca746b7-1e5f-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392.tif", "width": 2002, "height": 3000}, {"width": 2002, "height": 3000, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392.jpg", "dimensions": "2002x3000"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-DOR2013-616392_thumb"}]}]}, "unit_code": "NMAH", "title_sort": "HERBERT L. ANDREWS' 1868 SCHOOL DESK PATENT MODEL IMPROVEMENT", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ac-49b8-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "title": {"label": "Title", "content": "Herbert L. Andrews' 1868 School Desk Patent Model Improvement"}, "metadata_usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "data_source": "National Museum of American History"}, "indexedStructured": {"date": ["1860s", "1870s"], "geoLocation": [{"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "United States"}}, {"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "Illinois"}}, {"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "Chicago"}}, {"points": {"point": {"latitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "41.85"}, "longitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "-87.65"}}}}], "object_type": ["Patents", "desk model", "Models"], "name": ["U.S. Patent and Trademark Office", "Andrews, Herbert L."], "topic": ["Patents", "American History Education Collection", "Patent Model School Seats and Desks", "Models (representations)"], "place": ["United States", "Chicago", "Illinois"], "online_media_type": ["Images"]}, "freetext": {"setName": [{"label": "See more items in", "content": "Home and Community Life: Education"}, {"label": "See more items in", "content": "American History Education Collection"}, {"label": "See more items in", "content": "Cultures & Communities"}, {"label": "See more items in", "content": "Patent Model School Seats and Desks"}], "date": [{"label": "date made", "content": "1868"}, {"label": "associated date", "content": "1872"}, {"label": "patent date", "content": "1868-09-15"}], "identifier": [{"label": "ID Number", "content": "CL.65.0368"}, {"label": "catalog number", "content": "65.0368"}, {"label": "accession number", "content": "249602"}, {"label": "patent number", "content": "82,061"}], "notes": [{"label": "Description", "content": "Herbert L. Andrews from Chicago, Illinois, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 82061 was issued on September 15, 1868."}, {"label": "Description", "content": "This desk improvement is deliberately missing its wood desk box and wood seat to highlight the juncture that made the desk height adjustable. The brass arm is where the wood seat would have rested and would have been an extented hinge. The three brass legs arevconnected to a square wooden base which stabilizes the model but would not have been present in the desk produced for the classroom. The diamond-shaped patterned metal work supporting the missing desktop was advertised as Gothic. The monobloc and hinges are brass colored with two knobs so the height of the desk can be raised or lowered. The seat is adjustable in height, which allows the two parts to be held together more securely. This desk was produced by A.H. Andrews & Co. in 1870 in Chicago. It was made in six sizes and called the \"Triumph School Desk.\" The desk got a good deal of acclaim and was exhibited at the International State Industrial Exposition in Chicago in 1873. It was displayed again at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where it won an award for \"strength, durability, and good form.\" According to Andrews, they sold over 50,000 of these school desks yearly."}, {"label": "Description", "content": "Herbert Lee Andrews was born in New Britain, Connecticut on June 6, 1844. He was educated in public schools and taught for a short period in Meriden and Plantsville, Connecticut. In 1868 he moved to Chicago and entered into manufacturing with his brother Alfred H. Andrews. They were partners in the A. H. Andrews & Co. The National Cyclopedia of American Biography (1917) states that Herbert Lee Andrews was the inventor of the first folding seat school desk. He made other desks as well as opera chairs, a dustless blackboard eraser, and an ink well. He also created steel rod framed chairs, tables, and stools, which became a staple of school furniture. In 1895 he invented a steel woven fabric to be used in place of leather or plush for car seats or railroad cars."}, {"label": "Location", "content": "Currently not on view"}], "name": [{"label": "patentee", "content": "Andrews, Herbert L."}, {"label": "transfer", "content": "U.S. Patent and Trademark Office"}, {"label": "inventor", "content": "Andrews, Herbert L."}], "topic": [{"label": "subject", "content": "Education"}, {"label": "subject", "content": "Patent Models"}], "place": [{"label": "referenced in patent specifications", "content": "United States: Illinois, Chicago"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Physical Description", "content": "wood (overall material)"}, {"label": "Physical Description", "content": "brass (overall material)"}, {"label": "Physical Description", "content": "metal (overall material)"}, {"label": "Measurements", "content": "overall: 6 in x 7 1/2 in x 3 3/4 in; 15.24 cm x 19.05 cm x 9.525 cm"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "National Museum of American History"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Object Name", "content": "model"}, {"label": "Object Name", "content": "desk model"}, {"label": "Object Type", "content": "Patent Model"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:nmah_664205", "hash": "7953b4a3f0217d006b7bfb877efae7872cb52dc8", "docSignature": "aba054248af13fb3e965776365299ecc", "timestamp": 1664883417, "lastTimeUpdated": 1664883402, "title": "Herbert L. Andrews' 1868 School Desk Patent Model Improvement"}